EP1041173A1 - Leichtmetallzylinderblock, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens - Google Patents
Leichtmetallzylinderblock, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1041173A1 EP1041173A1 EP00105126A EP00105126A EP1041173A1 EP 1041173 A1 EP1041173 A1 EP 1041173A1 EP 00105126 A EP00105126 A EP 00105126A EP 00105126 A EP00105126 A EP 00105126A EP 1041173 A1 EP1041173 A1 EP 1041173A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- light metal
- laser beam
- powder
- alloy
- zone
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000789 Aluminium-silicon alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011856 silicon-based particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910018125 Al-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910018520 Al—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910001234 light alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960005486 vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010041662 Splinter Diseases 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012993 chemical processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010002 mechanical finishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F7/00—Casings, e.g. crankcases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
- C23C26/02—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00 applying molten material to the substrate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/14—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying for coating elongate material
- C23C4/16—Wires; Tubes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/18—Other cylinders
- F02F1/20—Other cylinders characterised by constructional features providing for lubrication
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2201/00—Metals
- F05C2201/02—Light metals
- F05C2201/021—Aluminium
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
- Y10T29/4927—Cylinder, cylinder head or engine valve sleeve making
Definitions
- the invention relates to a light metal cylinder block with at least a wear-resistant and tribologically optimized Cylinder tread, comprising a light metal matrix alloy and a hard metal-containing powder material that is used as a finely dispersed, Primary silicon excretions contain surface layer is present on the light metal matrix.
- EP 0 837 152 A1 (Bayerische Motoren Werke AG) is a method for coating an existing aluminum alloy Known component of an internal combustion engine. In doing so, a Laser beam directed so that it is not directly on the surface of the component to be coated, but previously on one Powder jet hits. Because of the energy of the laser beam Powder is completely transferred from the solid to the liquid phase, so that it hits the component surface in shape fine droplets are deposited on it as layer material, which partially solidify amorphously due to the solidification conditions.
- silicon crystals should be used be produced in the order of 1 to 5 microns.
- the substrate surface is therefore very hot and can therefore heat the impacting Si melt not dissipate quickly enough so that no crystalline Phase and no primary crystals but amorphous phases.
- a on a worn layer thickness of 3 mm to achieve a smooth, flat surface of the layer material removed about 50% (Column 6, lines 10 to 15).
- EP 0 411 322 A1 describes a process for producing more wear-resistant Surfaces on components made of an AlSi alloy described, which is based on the aforementioned EP 0 221 276, however, the layer prior to laser melting is a vaccine (Nucleating agent) added for primary silicon crystals becomes.
- the following substances are used as inoculants or nucleating agents called: silicon nitride, silicon carbide, titanium carbide, titanium nitride, Boron carbide and titanium boride.
- the coating produced in the form of screen printing technology as a peel-off film applied the surface of the component in question.
- the fat the layer can preferably be 200 ⁇ m and the melting depth 400 up to 600 ⁇ m. It becomes a line-focused laser beam used in an inert atmosphere to melt down with a melting depth of 400 ⁇ m.
- the silicon content in the alloyed zone was 25% in the example a nickel content of 8% (hardness above 250 HV).
- EP 0 622 476 A1 describes a metal substrate with a laser-induced one MMC coating known.
- the MMC layer has one Layer thickness between 200 microns and 3 mm and contains homogeneous distributed SIC particles, preferably up to 40 percent by weight SiC as homogeneously distributed SIC particles in the MMC layer are included.
- the powder mixture is included for production. SiC powder and pre-alloyed AlSi powder in one laser beam heated, the for the preparation of a homogeneous Alloy from the powder mixture required heat content the powder impinging on the substrate is brought about. Products with hard metal materials such as SiC have a very high Hardness that is unfavorable for the wear behavior of the piston rings are.
- the processing is very complex because the top layer of the ceramic particles has to be removed, to achieve a functional, splinter-free tread.
- the object of the present invention is therefore a light alloy cylinder block with at least one wear-resistant tribological to develop resilient tread in which the Surface layer made of 5 to 20% finely dispersed primary silicon there is a small marginal zone width in the transition to the matrix alloy and that in the transition zone free of defects and is oxide inclusions.
- the one used to manufacture the light alloy cylinder block Process should get by with fewer process steps, whereby chemical post-processing is completely dispensed with should.
- a device for coating the interior of a Light metal engine block made of aluminum or a magnesium alloy described, with a probe in the cylinder of a Engine blocks are sunk and at the same time pure silicon powder can be supplied.
- the probe has a powder feed and a laser beam device.
- This device is intended for the alloying of hard material particles in the form of silicon over a spiral over the tread rotating laser beam with parallel supplied silicon particles respectively. So that the laser energy is spread over a wide range
- the laser beam has a track distributed on the matrix surface a linear focus with a track width of preferably 2 to 4 mm. Compared to one by point laser generated surface does not form a wavy at the focus Profile, but a flat band with finely dispersed primary silicon particles out.
- the band is called the Alloy Zone, being just a narrow transition zone (the peripheral zone) between on an alloyed zone and the matrix metal (see FIG. 1).
- the powder just before it hits the metal matrix alloy has a grain structure and only in contact with the metal matrix alloy in the area of the laser beam melted within a contact time of 0.1 to 0.5 sec and is alloyed, can be in the linear focus achieve a low marginal zone share of approx. 10%.
- the laser track is lowered spirally in the cylinder bore, if necessary an overlap can be dispensed with, so that the useful parts practically collide.
- a smooth, completely homogeneous surface layer that only still by finishing to remove a slight Ripple must be finished.
- an alloy zone containing primary silicon with an average layer thickness of 300 to 750 ⁇ m in the matrix alloy generated.
- the exact values of the layer thickness depend of various influencing factors, such as process parameters, accuracy the device positioning and dimensional tolerance of the casting from. It is therefore in the following for all thicknesses of an "average" layer thickness spoken, the tolerance range can be kept very close since the device on Component can be centered.
- the initial layer thickness of 300 to 750 microns is then in one further processing step to the desired final layer thickness by fine machining with a removal of up to 150 ⁇ m, such as e.g. by honing etc.
- the final layer thickness achieved in the process is in the range from 150 to 650 ⁇ m. It is a pure diffusion layer, that defined by a special one in claims 1 and 2 Structure is marked.
- the feed of the laser beam and the supplied laser energy allow the excretion variables adjust the hard phases.
- excrement sizes less than 10 ⁇ m reduces the depth of destruction in the mechanical finishing of the hard phases, so that the previously required processing allowances for the removal of the destroyed Hard phases can be significantly reduced. (The depth of destruction is contained in the top layer, hard phases not firmly integrated.)
- the surface is created by alloying with the laser beam hardened, with hardness values of the surface layer of at least 160 HV can be reached. As a result of the good hardening, honing the laser surfaces directly. Additional required so far mechanical or chemical processing steps for exemption the hard phases are also no longer required. This is the previously required drilling of the cylinder coatings no longer necessary because of the surface ripple depending on the overlap of the strip-shaped alloy zone negligible because it is very low.
- the coating device designed according to the invention from a powder feeder 1 at its end 1a has a nozzle 1b directed towards the tread 5.
- the energy is supplied via a laser beam device 2, a focusing system 3 and a deflecting mirror 4, the ensures that the laser beam 6 only on the tread surface 7 hits with the powder.
- the laser beam 6 linear, preferably focused as X, I or 8 and then for example by tilting the mirror on the tread surface 7 shown. Due to the shape of the illustration, the Energy input can be controlled so that the excretion structure can be influenced at its edges.
- the laser beam 6 travels over the Tread surface 7 so that there is a strip-like band results. If at the same time a feed movement in the direction the cylinder axis 8 takes place, results from superposition a spiral coating of the tread surface of the two movements 7.
- the rotating and the translational Movement in the direction of the cylinder axis 8 should be one on the other be tuned so that the turns of the spiral are tight abut each other so that there is a closed alloy zone results.
- FIG. 2 shows the alloy zone 10, which is produced according to the invention with a line focus, and consists of a zone 11 which is rich in excretions and two zones 12, 13 which are arranged on the side and have little precipitation.
- Figure 2 shows the state of the alloy zone immediately after the laser coating, it being evident that the proportion of the low-precipitation zone L AL , based on the usable length L NL of the precipitation-rich zone, is relatively small.
- the corresponding areas in FIG. 3 are designated L AK , which belong to the edge zones 15, 16, 17.
- FIG. 3 three alloy zones produced with a conventional circular focus are shown as a comparative example, the coating width approximately matching in the method with line focus and in the method with circular focus. It can be seen that the usable length L NK of the structure rich in excretions in the method with circular focus is considerably less than the usable length in the line focus L NL . Furthermore, the usable depth of the hardened surface layer in the circular focus is considerably less than in the line focus, since in the circular focus a structure with little elimination extends into deeper zones of the cylinder block structure. This is illustrated in the cross section according to FIG. 3 by the wide edge zones 15, 16, 17.
- the quality of the coating according to the comparative example is less favorable. Furthermore, the required removal ⁇ H WK is significantly higher in the comparative example with the same machining depth as in the inventive example ( ⁇ H WL ), since the circular focus creates a wavy surface layer which has a lower usable material proportion M K in the area of the tread than a corresponding tread section according to FIG. 2 ( L NL ).
- the usable material fraction is L NL
- M K is formed as the sum of the individual values L NK1 , L NK2 , L NK3 .
- the light alloy cylinder block according to the invention therefore has a more wear-resistant cylinder tread, thanks to uniform Distribution of the fine primary Si precipitates optimized tribologically is and by linear focus and overlapping Coating can be produced with significantly reduced production costs is.
- FIG. 4 It is illustrated on the basis of the microstructure in FIG. 4. It is a micrograph with a magnification of 200: 1, in the right part of the picture A a cast alloy of the type AlSi9Cu3 and in the left part B a tribologically optimized surface layer with finely dispersed primary silicon precipitates is recognizable.
- the primary silicon content here Example 10%, the primary phase diameter 4.4 ⁇ m and the distance the Si primary phases 13 ⁇ m.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
- Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Fig. 1
- Prinzipbild einer erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Beschichtungseinrichtung im Teilquerschnitt;
- Fig. 2
- Prinzipbild einer erfindungsgemäß erzeugten Oberflächenschicht;
- Fig. 3
- Vergleichsbeispiel mit einer anderen Oberflächenstruktur;
- Fig. 4
- Querschnitt an einem Gußteil im Bereich der laserlegierten Zone.
- 1
- Pulverzuführung
- 1a
- Ende der Pulverzuführung
- 1b
- Düse
- 2
- Laserstrahleinrichtung
- 3
- Fokussiersystem
- 4
- Umlenkspiegel
- 5
- Lauffläche
- 6
- Laserstrahl
- 7
- Laufflächenoberfläche
- 8
- Zylinderachse
- 9
- -
- 10
- Auflegierungszone
- 11
- Ausscheidungsreiche Zone
- 12,13
- Ausscheidungsarme Zone
- 14
- -
- 15,16,17
- Randzonen
- MK
- Materialanteil
- LNK
- Nutzbare Länge des ausscheidungsreichen Gefüges
- LNL
- Nutzbare Länge der ausscheidungsreichen Zone
- LAL
- Anteil der ausscheidungsarmen Zone
- LAK
- Bereiche, die zu den Randzonen gehören
- ▵HWK
- Abtrag Vergleichsbeispiel
- ▵HWL
- Abtrag Erfindungsbeispiel
- A
- Matrixgefüge
- B
- Auflegierungszone
- C
- Übergangszone
Claims (18)
- Leichtmetallzylinderblock mit mindestens einer verschleißfesten und tribologisch optimierten Zylinderlauffläche, bestehend aus einer Leichtmetallmatrixlegierung mit einer feindispersen, Primär-Silizium-Ausscheidungen enthaltenden Oberflächenschicht,
wobei das Primärsilizium aus gleichmäßig verteilten, rundlich geformten Körnern mit einem mittleren Korndurchmesser zwischen 1 und 10 µm besteht und die Oberflächenschicht 10 bis 14 % AlSi-Eutektikum, 5 bis 20 % Primärsilizium, Rest reine Al-Phase enthält, wobei die Mindesthärte der Oberfläche 160 HV beträgt. - Leichtmetallzylinderblock nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß die Si-Primärphasen in einem Abstand von 1 - 5 Primärphasendurchmesser in der Oberflächenschicht verteilt vorliegen.
- Leichtmetallzylinderblock nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß das Primärsilizium in einer streifenförmigen Auflegierungszone mit einer Streifenbreite von mindestens 2 mm und einer mittleren Schichtdicke von 150 - 650 µm in der Matrixlegierung angeordnet ist, wobei die Streiten spiralförmig über die Zylinderlauffläche verlaufen. - Leichtmetallbauteil nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß die Streifenbreite 2 bis 4 mm beträgt. - Leichtmetallbauteil nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß bei mehreren nebeneinander angeordneten Auflegierungszonen eine Überlappung der Streiten vorgesehen ist, wobei die Überlappungsbreite 5 bis 10 % beträgt. - Leichtmetallzylinderblock mit mindestens einer verschleißfesten und tribologisch optimierten Zylinderlauffläche, bestehend aus einer Leichtmetallmatrixlegierung mit einer feindispersen, Primär-Silizium-Ausscheidungen enthaltenden Oberflächenschicht, die als reine Diffusionsschicht aus einer ausscheidungsreichen Auflegierungszone (11) und ausscheidungsarmen Randzonen (12, 13) besteht,
wobei die Ausscheidungen aus gleichmäßig verteilten, rundlich geformten Körnern des Primärsiliziums mit einem mittleren Korndurchmesser zwischen 1 und 10 µm gebildet werden und die Auflegierungszone aus 10 bis 14 % AlSi-Eutektikum, 5 bis 20 % Primärsilizium, Rest reine Aluminiumphase besteht und eine Mindesthärte von 160 HV aufweist. - Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Leichtmetallzylinderblocks mit mindestens einer verschleißfesten und tribologisch optimierten Zylinderlauffläche, umfassend eine Leichtmetallmatrixlegierung und ein hartstoffhaltiges Pulvermaterial, das als feindisperse, Primär-Silizium-Ausscheidungen enthaltene Oberflächenschicht in der Leichtmetallmatrix vorliegt, durch Schwerkraft-, Niederdruck- oder Druckgußverfahren mit anschließender Oberflächenbearbeitung durch parallel zueinandergerichtete Laser- und Pulverstrahlen,
wobei der Laserstrahl in einer Streitenbreite quer zur Vorschubrichtung von mindestens 2 mm über die Leichtmetallmatrixoberfläche geführt wird und bei dem das Pulver erst im Auftreffpunkt des Laserstrahls auf die Leichtmetallmatrixoberfläche in einer Kontaktzeit von 0,1 bis 0,5 Sekunden auf Schmelztemperatur aufgeheizt und eindiffundiert wird. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß die Leichtmetallmatrixlegierung im Auftreffpunkt in einer Tiefe von mindestens 350 µm vollständig aufgeschmolzen und an der Leichtmetallmatrixoberfläche in den Plasmazustand überführt wird. - Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß das geschmolzene Pulver bei der Diffusion eine Auflegierungszone bildet, die eine Schichtdicke von 500 - 1000 µm aufweist. - Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß das Pulver im Zeitpunkt kurz vor dein Auftreffen auf die Metallmatrixlegierung eine Kornstruktur besitzt und erst im Kontakt mit der Metallmatrixlegierung im Bereich des Laserstrahls innerhalb einer Kontaktzeit von 0,1 bis 0,5 sec aufgeschmolzen und einlegiert wird. - Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß die Vorschubgeschwindigkeiten von Laserstrahl und Pulverstrahl derart gesteuert werden, daßa) eine Diffusion in die Metallmatrixlegierung mit Eindringtiefen von 350 bis 850 µm erfolgt,b) durch langsame gesteuerte Abkühlung der Auflegierungszone rundlich geformte Primärphasen kleiner 10 µm gebildet werden, deren Abstände 1 bis 5-mal Primärphasendurchmesser betragen,c) eine Ausscheidung von Hartphasen erhalten wird, mit einer Schichthärte von HV 110 bis 160. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 11,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß die Vorschubgeschwindigkeit 0,8 bis 4,0 m pro Minute bei einer focussierten Auftreffläche des Laserstrahls von 1 bis 10 mm2 und einer Laserlichtleistung von 3 bis 4 kW beträgt. - Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß der Laserstrahl mit einem linienförmigen Fokus auf der Innenlauffläche eines Hohlzylinders spiralig rotiert und dabei durch Zugabe eines Si-Pulvers eine streifenförmige, Primärsilizium enthaltende Auflegierungszone gebildet wird. - Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß die mittlere Bearbeitungstiefe in der Auflegierungszone 750 µm beträgt. - Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß die Hartphasen der Auflegierungszone durch eine mechanische Bearbeitung freigelegt werden, wobei der Abtrag der obersten Schicht kleiner 30 % der Gesamtschichtdicke beträgt. - Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß die Auflegierungszone ohne Zwischenbearbeitung direkt gehont wird. - Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens einer Laufflächenbeschichtung von Hohlzylindern, bestehend aus einer Pulverzuführung (1), einer Laserstrahleinrichtung (2) und einem Fokussiersystem (3) mit einem Umlenkspiegel (4),
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß Pulverzuführung (1) und Laserstrahleinrichtung (2) parallel zueinander in radialer und axialer Richtung des Hohlzylinders geführt sind,daß das Fokussiersystem (3) einen linienförmigen Strahlaustritt mit einer Strahlenbreite von 2,0 bis 2,5 mm aufweistund daß die Pulverzuführung mit einer Dosiereinrichtung versehen ist, über die der Volumenstrom des Pulvers in Abhängigkeit von der Vorschubgeschwindigkeit des Laserstrahls einstellbar ist. - Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 17,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,daß das Fokussiersystem (3) eine X-, I- oder 8-förmige Fokusform aufweist, die an den oberen und unteren Randzonen im Vergleich zum mittleren Fokusbereich einen erhöhten Energieaustritt ermöglicht.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19915038A DE19915038A1 (de) | 1999-04-01 | 1999-04-01 | Leichtmetallzylinderblock, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
DE19915038 | 1999-04-01 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1041173A1 true EP1041173A1 (de) | 2000-10-04 |
EP1041173B1 EP1041173B1 (de) | 2004-05-26 |
Family
ID=7903361
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00105126A Expired - Lifetime EP1041173B1 (de) | 1999-04-01 | 2000-03-10 | Leichtmetallzylinderblock, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
Country Status (16)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US6390050B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1041173B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP3467744B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR100388150B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE267891T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU775660B2 (de) |
BR (1) | BR0006013B1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2332944C (de) |
CZ (1) | CZ294043B6 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19915038A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2222122T3 (de) |
HU (1) | HU222858B1 (de) |
PL (1) | PL193699B1 (de) |
RU (1) | RU2212472C2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2000060136A1 (de) |
ZA (1) | ZA200006437B (de) |
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EP0837152A1 (de) | 1996-10-18 | 1998-04-22 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft, Patentabteilung AJ-3 | Verfahren zum Beschichten eines aus einer Aluminium-Legierung bestehenden Bauteils einer Brennkraftmaschine mit Silicium |
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EP1247878A1 (de) * | 2001-04-04 | 2002-10-09 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Gerät zur Laser-Pulverbeschichtung |
DE10257213A1 (de) * | 2002-12-07 | 2004-06-24 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren zur Aufbereritung einer Zylinderlauffläche eines Kurbelgehäuses |
DE10257213A8 (de) * | 2002-12-07 | 2004-11-04 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren zur Aufbereitung einer Zylinderlauffläche eines Kurbelgehäuses |
DE10257213B4 (de) * | 2002-12-07 | 2010-06-10 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren zur Aufbereitung einer Zylinderlauffläche eines Kurbelgehäuses |
DE102005019756A1 (de) * | 2005-04-28 | 2006-11-02 | Sms Elotherm Gmbh | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Behandeln von zylindrisch geformten Flächen mittels Laserstrahls |
DE102005019757A1 (de) * | 2005-04-28 | 2006-11-02 | Sms Elotherm Gmbh | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Behandeln von Flächen metallischer Bauelemente mittels Laserstrahls |
DE102005019756A8 (de) * | 2005-04-28 | 2007-04-05 | Sms Elotherm Gmbh | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Behandeln von zylindrisch geformten Flächen mittels Laserstrahls |
DE102006062502A1 (de) | 2006-12-28 | 2008-07-03 | Sms Elotherm Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Behandeln zylindrisch geformter Flächen von metallischen Werkstücken |
DE102006062502B4 (de) * | 2006-12-28 | 2010-09-30 | Sms Elotherm Gmbh | Verwendung einer Vorrichtung zur Behandlung von Laufbahnen von Zylinderräumen von Motorblöcken für Verbrennungsmotoren |
WO2014040155A1 (pt) * | 2012-09-12 | 2014-03-20 | Mahle Metal Leve S/A | Membro metálico de um sistema móvel de um motor à combustão interna e processo de fabricação deste membro metálico |
CN105798268A (zh) * | 2016-03-25 | 2016-07-27 | 杨洪彬 | 双金属复合发动机缸体及其制作方法 |
CN105798268B (zh) * | 2016-03-25 | 2018-05-01 | 杨洪彬 | 双金属复合发动机缸体及其制作方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ES2222122T3 (es) | 2005-02-01 |
US20020033160A1 (en) | 2002-03-21 |
PL193699B1 (pl) | 2007-03-30 |
CA2332944C (en) | 2005-05-24 |
ZA200006437B (en) | 2001-05-21 |
HU222858B1 (hu) | 2003-12-29 |
RU2212472C2 (ru) | 2003-09-20 |
DE19915038A1 (de) | 2000-10-26 |
US6797916B2 (en) | 2004-09-28 |
US20010003227A1 (en) | 2001-06-14 |
ATE267891T1 (de) | 2004-06-15 |
HUP0001361A2 (hu) | 2000-12-28 |
WO2000060136A1 (de) | 2000-10-12 |
AU775660B2 (en) | 2004-08-12 |
US6575130B2 (en) | 2003-06-10 |
HU0001361D0 (en) | 2000-06-28 |
PL339334A1 (en) | 2000-10-09 |
US20020153359A1 (en) | 2002-10-24 |
BR0006013A (pt) | 2001-03-06 |
CZ20001135A3 (cs) | 2000-12-13 |
BR0006013B1 (pt) | 2011-02-22 |
AU3288200A (en) | 2000-10-23 |
JP2002541322A (ja) | 2002-12-03 |
US6390050B2 (en) | 2002-05-21 |
KR100388150B1 (ko) | 2003-06-19 |
EP1041173B1 (de) | 2004-05-26 |
CA2332944A1 (en) | 2000-10-12 |
HUP0001361A3 (en) | 2001-02-28 |
CZ294043B6 (cs) | 2004-09-15 |
KR20010043633A (ko) | 2001-05-25 |
JP3467744B2 (ja) | 2003-11-17 |
DE50006550D1 (de) | 2004-07-01 |
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