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EP0966518A1 - Household detergent or cleaning action shaped bodies - Google Patents

Household detergent or cleaning action shaped bodies

Info

Publication number
EP0966518A1
EP0966518A1 EP98912437A EP98912437A EP0966518A1 EP 0966518 A1 EP0966518 A1 EP 0966518A1 EP 98912437 A EP98912437 A EP 98912437A EP 98912437 A EP98912437 A EP 98912437A EP 0966518 A1 EP0966518 A1 EP 0966518A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
disintegrant
weight
particle size
tablets
granules
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP98912437A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0966518B1 (en
Inventor
Gerhard Blasey
Dieter Jung
Hans-Friedrich Kruse
Fred Schambil
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Original Assignee
Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Henkel AG and Co KGaA filed Critical Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Publication of EP0966518A1 publication Critical patent/EP0966518A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0966518B1 publication Critical patent/EP0966518B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Revoked legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/0047—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/0047—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets
    • C11D17/0065—Solid detergents containing builders
    • C11D17/0073—Tablets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to washing or cleaning active moldings, primarily tablets such as detergent tablets, dishwasher tablets, stain remover tablets or water softening tablets for household use, in particular for mechanical use, and a process for producing these moldings and their use.
  • Shaped or active cleaning moldings in particular tablets, have a number of advantages over powdery agents, such as advantageous handling, simple dosing and low packaging volume requirements. Problems arise, however, in that relatively high compression pressures have to be used to achieve adequate dimensional stability and fracture resistance when pressing the powdery constituents. Because of the high degree of compaction, tablets of this type often have inadequate disintegration and dissolving properties when used, as a result of which the active substances are released too slowly in the washing or cleaning cycle and the risk of residues, particularly on textiles, arises after the washing cycle.
  • tablet disintegrants are understood to mean auxiliaries which are suitable for the rapid disintegration of tablets in water or gastric juice and for The release of the pharmaceuticals in resorbable form ensures that they are divided into substance classes depending on the mechanism of action, which increase the porosity or capillarity (“wicking effect”) of the compressed air and have a high adsorption capacity for water, or for gas-evolving substances for effervescent tablets or for hydrophilizing agents , which ensure the wetting of the compressed particles in water.
  • the first class includes the substances known as classic disintegrants, such as starch, cellulose and cellulose derivatives, alginates, dextrans, cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidones and many others; systems from weak acids and carbonate-containing agents, in particular citric acid and tartaric acid in combination with bicarbonate or carbo- nat, understood, while polyethylene glycol sorbitan fatty acid esters can be mentioned as examples of the latter class.
  • classic disintegrants such as starch, cellulose and cellulose derivatives, alginates, dextrans, cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidones and many others
  • systems from weak acids and carbonate-containing agents in particular citric acid and tartaric acid in combination with bicarbonate or carbo- nat, understood, while polyethylene glycol sorbitan fatty acid esters can be mentioned as examples of the latter class.
  • German patent application 938 566 suggests converting acetylsalicylic acid into granular form before pressing, gently but completely drying it and then coating it with highly disperse silica.
  • the acetylsalicylic acid granules powdered with finely divided silica can then be mixed with further tablet ingredients, which may be in powder or granular form, and compressed into tablets.
  • the separating layer of highly disperse silica not only acts as an insulating layer and protection against unwanted reactions, but also contributes to the rapid disintegration of the tablets even after a long storage period.
  • German patent application 12 28 029 describes the production of tablets, powder mixtures without prior granulation being first mixed with cellulose powder and optionally highly disperse silica, ground according to a preferred embodiment and then pressed.
  • German patent application 41 21 127 in turn shows that a particularly good auxiliary in the manufacture of pharmaceutical tablets has cellulose particles on the surface of which a laminating agent is fixed.
  • the excipient is used in the finest possible form; mean particle sizes below 200 ⁇ m are shown to be particularly advantageous.
  • These finely divided excipients which lead to tablets with both higher breaking strength and a higher disintegration speed in pharmaceutical production, are produced in particular by a milling process in a ball mill.
  • the classic tablet disintegrants of the first class of substances mentioned are mixed in very fine-particle form either prior to compression with the other tablet ingredients, which may be in fine or granular form, or the other tablet ingredients are coated or powdered with the tablet disintegrant.
  • disintegrants which are known from the manufacture of pharmaceuticals can also be used.
  • Swelling layer silicates such as bentonites, natural substances and natural substance derivatives based on starch and cellulose are mentioned as disintegrants, Alginates and the like, potato starch, methyl cellulose and / or hydroxypropyl cellulose.
  • These disintegrants can be mixed with the granules to be compressed, but can also be incorporated into the granules to be compressed.
  • EP-A-0 466 485, EP-A-0 522 766, EP-A-0 711 827, EP-A-0 711 828 and EP-A-0 716 144 describe the production of cleaning-active tablets , where compact, particulate material with a particle size between 180 and 2000 microns is used.
  • the resulting tablets can have both a homogeneous and a heterogeneous structure.
  • EP-A-0 522 766 at least the particles which contain surfactants and builders are coated with a solution or dispersion of a binder / disintegrant, in particular polyethylene glycol.
  • binders / disintegrants are, in turn, the disintegrants that have already been described and known several times, for example starches and starch derivatives, commercially available cellulose derivatives such as crosslinked and modified cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose fibers, crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidones, layered silicates etc.
  • weak acids such as citric acid or tartaric acid, which, in connection with carbonate-containing sources, lead to bubbling effects when they come into contact with water and which, according to Römpp's definition, belong to the second class of disintegrants, can be used as coating material. In these cases, too, no explicit information is given on the particle size distribution of the disintegrants. However, the disintegrant is applied to the surface of granular particles.
  • the object of the invention was to provide washing or cleaning-active moldings which contain a disintegrant which is able to increase the porosity or capillarity of the tablets and has a high adsorption capacity for water and which does not have the disadvantages mentioned above exhibit.
  • a method for producing these improved washing or cleaning-active molded articles should also be provided. It has now been found that the classic disintegrants already known from the manufacture of pharmaceutical tablets lead to rapidly disintegrating washing or cleaning-active moldings if these disintegrants are not used in a conventional manner.
  • the invention therefore relates to a washing or cleaning-active molded body, comprising at least one disintegrant which is capable of increasing the porosity or capillarity of molded bodies, in particular tablets, and has a high adsorption capacity for water, the latter Disintegrant is present in granular and optionally in cogranulated form in the shaped body, the disintegrant granulate contains the disintegrant or - if several disintegrants are used - the disintegrant contains at least 20% by weight, preferably 25 to 100% by weight, and the particle size distribution ( Sieve analysis) is designed in such a way that a maximum of 1% by weight, preferably less, of dust components is present and overall (including any dust components present) less than 10% by weight of the disintegrant granules are smaller than 0.2 mm. At least 90% by weight of the disintegrant granules advantageously have a particle size of at least 0.2 mm and a maximum of 3 mm.
  • disintegrants in granular or in co-granulated form or disintegrant granules are understood to mean all those disintegrants which are per se in finely divided powder form and in a spray drying, granulating, agglomerating, compacting, pelleting or extrusion process a more coarse-grained shape has been transferred.
  • shaped articles which are active in washing or cleaning. These are primarily cylindrical configurations or tablets which can be used as detergents, dishwashing detergents, bleaching agents (stain salts), but also, if appropriate, as pretreatment agents, for example as water softeners or bleaching agents.
  • shaped body is not limited to the tablet shape. In principle, any spatial shape is possible that may be imposed on the starting materials due to an outer container.
  • Cylindrical bodies can have a height that is less than or greater than or equal to the diameter of the base area
  • an angular for example a rectangular, in particular a square, but also a diamond-shaped or trapezoidal base area of the shaped body is also conceivable, and further configurations include triangular or more than square base areas of the shaped body.
  • Another preferred molded body has a plate-like or sheet-like structure with alternately thick long and thin short segments, so that individual segments of this "bolt" at the predetermined breaking points, which represent the short thin segments, are broken off and into the machine or the induction chamber of the
  • This principle of the "bar-shaped" means can also be implemented in other geometric shapes, for example vertically standing triangles, which are only connected to one another on the long side.
  • homogeneous or heterogeneous moldings in particular tablets, are provided, these tablets preferably having a diameter of 20 to 60 mm, in particular of 40 +/- 10 mm.
  • the height of these tablets is preferably 10 to 30 mm and in particular 15 to 25 mm.
  • the weight of the individual shaped bodies, in particular the tablets is preferably 15 to 60 g and in particular 25 to 40 g per shaped body or tablet; the consistency of the shaped bodies or tablets, on the other hand, usually has values above 1 kg / dm 3 , preferably from 1.1 to 1.4 kg / dm 3 .
  • the water hardness range or the level of contamination 1 or more, for example 2 to 4, moldings, in particular tablets, can be used.
  • Further shaped bodies according to the invention can also have smaller diameters or dimensions, for example around 10 mm.
  • a homogeneous shaped body is understood to mean those in which the ingredients of the shaped body are distributed homogeneously. Accordingly, heterogeneous shaped bodies are understood to mean those which do not have a homogeneous distribution of their ingredients. Heterogeneous moldings can be produced, for example, in that the various ingredients are not pressed into a uniform molded body, but rather into a molded body which has several layers, that is to say at least two layers. It is also possible that these different layers have different disintegration and dissolution rates. Advantageous application technology Properties of the molded body result.
  • ingredients are contained in the moldings that have a negative influence on one another, it is possible to integrate one component in the more rapidly disintegrating and more rapidly soluble layer and to incorporate the other component in a more slowly disintegrating layer so that the first component coexists Lead time may have an effect or has already reacted when the second goes into solution.
  • the layer structure of the shaped bodies can take place in a stack-like manner, with the inner layer (s) already loosening at the edges of the shaped body when the outer layers have not yet been completely detached or disintegrated; however, a complete covering of the inner layer (s) can also be achieved by the layers lying further outwards, which leads to the premature dissolution of components of the inner layer (s).
  • a tablet consists of at least three layers, that is to say two outer and at least one inner layer, at least one peroxy bleaching agent being contained in at least one of the inner layers, while in the case of the tablet in the form of a tablet, the two outer layers and in the case of the envelope However, the outermost layers of the tablet are free of peroxy bleach. It is also possible to spatially separate peroxy bleaching agents and any bleach activators or bleach catalysts and / or enzymes present in a tablet / molded article.
  • heterogeneous moldings can be found, for example, in European patent applications EP-A-0 711 827, EP-A-0 711 828 and EP-A-0 716 144.
  • a number of disintegrants can be used individually or in combination, in one disintegrant granulate or in different disintegrant gray slats. If different disintegrant granules should be used, it is preferred that more than 40% by weight, preferably at least 50% by weight and in particular at least 60% by weight, in each case based on the total amount of disintegrant granules used, has a composition and particle size distribution of the type specified above. But since it is the coarser than conventionally used The type of disintegrant which accelerates the disintegration of the washing or cleaning-active shaped body, it is particularly advantageous and highly desirable that the total amount of the various disintegrant granules also have the abovementioned features.
  • the preferred disintegrants which are to be converted into granular or cogranulated form include starch and starch derivatives, cellulose and cellulose derivatives, for example microcrystalline cellulose, CMC, MC, alginic acid and its salts, carboxylmethylamylopectin, polyacrylic acid, polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyvinylpolypyrrolidone .
  • the disintegrant granules can be produced in a conventional manner, for example by spray drying or superheated steam drying of aqueous preparation forms or by granulation, pelletization, extrusion or roller compaction. It may be advantageous to add additives, granulating aids, carriers or laminating agents of the known type to the disintegrants (co-granulated form).
  • additives are non-surfactant active substances of washing or cleaning agents, in particular bleach activators and / or bleach catalysts.
  • a disintegrant granulate is particularly preferred which contains tetraacetylethylene diamine (TAED) and / or other bleach activators of the usual type as an additive.
  • Disintegrant granules of this type can advantageously be produced by co-granulating the disintegrant with the additive. Such a cogranulation can increase the distribution of the disintegrant in the shaped body, in particular in the tablet, which in certain cases can also lead to an improvement in the disintegration speed of the shaped body.
  • cellulose-containing disintegrants are cellulose-containing materials that have been compacted, preferably using compacted wood materials such as TMP (thermo mechanical pulp) or CTMP (chemo thermo mechanical pulp).
  • Such particularly preferred disintegrants are, for example, under the type designations Arbocel ® -B and Arbocel ® -BC (beech cellulose), Arbocel ® -BE (beech sulfite cellulose), Arbocel ® -B-SCH (cotton cellulose), Arbocel ® -FIC (spruce cellulose) and other Arbocel ® types (Arbocel ® -TF-30-HG) are available from Rettenmaier.
  • the content of the actual disintegrant in the disintegrant granules is preferably 50 to 100% by weight, in particular at least 70% by weight, configurations with at least 80 or even 90% by weight and above being particularly advantageous. Disintegrant granules which are produced almost entirely from the commercial disintegrants and which contain the commercial disintegrants between 97 and 100% by weight are also possible.
  • the disintegrant content in the granules is more than 20% by weight and less than 70% by weight. %, the remaining constituents advantageously consisting of at least 70% by weight, in particular 80 to 100% by weight, based in each case on the remaining constituents in the disintegrant granulate, of the active substances, such as bleach activator, in particular TAED, and / or bleach catalyst.
  • fine particles of less than 0.2 mm should be obtained in the production of the disintegrant granules, it is not only preferred to separate them to such an extent that the disintegrant granules are largely free of dust, including particles with particle sizes of less than 0.1 mm in the context of this invention are considered (see above), but also that the content of particles below 0.2 mm is minimized overall to 0 to 5% by weight.
  • at least 90% by weight of the disintegrant granules have a particle size of at least 0.3 mm and a maximum of 3 mm, in particular up to a maximum of 2 mm.
  • the shaped bodies according to the invention contain disintegrant granules in amounts of from 1 to 20% by weight, preferably from 2 to 15% by weight, with amounts of up to 10% by weight being particularly preferred.
  • the invention provides that not only the disintegrant granules, but also the remaining constituents of the shaped body are predominantly in a particulate form of the type already specified. It is preferred that at least 50% by weight of the remaining constituents and preferably at least 70% by weight have a particle size distribution between 0.2 and 3 mm.
  • the remaining constituents should only contain particles of a size of less than 0.2 mm in an amount of 0 to 5% by weight, it being particularly advantageous if at least 90% by weight of the other constituents contains particle sizes between 0 , 2 and 3.0 mm. Dust components should also be avoided as far as possible with the remaining components.
  • the remaining constituents are in granular form and / or are combined in one or more compounds which are produced in a conventional manner, for example by spray drying, superheated steam drying, granulation / agglomeration, fluidized bed granulation, roller compaction, pelleting or extrusion can.
  • Any fine particles of particle sizes smaller than 0.2 mm that are produced in the production of these compounds are preferably removed before mixing with the disintegrant granules.
  • Surface treatment agents such as powdering agents, which are known to be very finely divided and are not used in coarse-grained form, are expressly excluded from the balance of the particle size distribution of the remaining constituents. Both disintegrant granules and remaining constituents can be post-treated with these solid, finely divided surface treatment agents.
  • washing or cleaning agents All the usual ingredients of washing or cleaning agents, pretreatment agents, bleaches and water softeners can be considered as the remaining constituents.
  • These primarily include anionic, nonionic, cationic, amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants, inorganic and organic, water-soluble or water-insoluble builder substances and cobuilders, bleaching agents, in particular peroxy bleaching agents, but also active chlorine compounds, which are advantageously coated, bleach activators and bleaching catalysts, enzymes and enzyme stabilizers , Foam inhibitors, graying inhibitors, substances which prevent re-soiling of textiles, so-called soil repellents, and customary inorganic salts such as sulfates and organic salts such as phosphonates, optical brighteners and colorants and fragrances.
  • the use of conventional silver protection agents is also recommended.
  • the preferred anionic surfactants include both those based on petrochemicals, such as alkylbenzenesulfonates and alkanesulfonates and alkyl (ether) sulfates with odd chain lengths, and those based on native ingredients, for example fatty alkyl sulfates or fatty alkyl (ether) sulfates, soaps, sulfosuccinates etc. are particularly preferred - optionally in combination with small amounts of soap - alkylbenzenesulfonates and / or various chain cuts of alkyl sulfates or alkyl ether sulfates.
  • alkyl (ether) sulfates While in alkylbenzenesulfonates C11-C13-alkylbenzenesulfonate and C12-alkylbenzenesulfonate are preferred, in the alkyl (ether) sulfates preferred chain cuts include C12 to C16, C12 to C14, C14 to C16, C16 to C18 or C11 to C15 or C13 to C15.
  • the preferred nonionic surfactants include in particular the C12-C18 fatty alcohols ethoxylated with an average of 1 to 7 moles of EO per mole of alcohol and the corresponding C11-C17 alcohols, in particular C13-C15 alcohols, but also those known from the detergent or cleaning agent sector higher ethoxylated alcohols of the specified chain length, amine oxides, alkyl polyglycosides, polyhydroxy fatty acid amides, fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylates and gemini surfactants.
  • the preferred inorganic builders used are, in particular, conventional phosphates, with preference for tripolyphosphate, zeolites, zeolite A, zeolite P, zeolite X and any mixtures thereof particularly playing a role, but also carbonates, hydrogen carbonates and crystalline and amorphous silicates with secondary washing ability .
  • the usual cobuilders include (co) polymeric salts of (poly) carboxylic acids, for example copolymers of acrylic acid and maleic acid, but also polycarboxylic acids and their salts such as citric acid, tartaric acid, glutaric acid, succinic acid, polyaspartic acid etc.
  • the person skilled in the art knows the usable organic cobuilders from countless publications in the field of detergents and cleaning agents.
  • peroxygen bleaching agents such as perborate and percarbonate are used as bleaching agents, especially in combination with the usual bleach activators and bleaching catalysts, especially in the field of dishwashing detergents, but also the active chlorine compounds already mentioned above.
  • compounds containing anionic surfactants which contain various anionic surfactants - for example alkyl sulfates and alkylbenzenesulfonates and / or soap or else alkyl sulfates and sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters - and / or anionic surfactants in combination with nonionic surfactants, for example alkyl sulfates of different chain lengths, optionally also of several types of alkyl sulfates with various chain cuts in combination with ethoxylated alcohols and / or other nonionic surfactants mentioned above.
  • anionic and nonionic surfactants can also be predominantly contained in two different compounds.
  • At least 50% by weight, preferably 60 to 100% by weight, of the remaining constituents are aftertreated before being mixed with the disintegrant granules, ie sprayed or powdered under granulating conditions, the anhydrous aftertreatment being particularly preferred.
  • Nonionic surfactants and / or polyethylene glycols can be mentioned as preferred liquid constituents.
  • finely divided zeolites in particular are used , Silicas, sulfates, calcium stearates, phosphates and / or acetates.
  • care must be taken to ensure that dust components and particles smaller than 0.2 mm are removed as completely as possible before mixing with the disintegrant granules.
  • this known measure of surface treatment delays the dissolving of the particles in the molded article before it actually disintegrates, and for this reason in the manufacture of molded articles in combination with the disintegrant granules of a very specific particle size distribution to the particularly excellent disintegration properties Shaped body in the aqueous liquor contributes.
  • the invention can also take advantage of the fact that acidifying agents such as citric acid, tartaric acid or succinic acid, but also acidic salts of inorganic acids (“hydrogen salts”), for example bisulfates, in particular in combination with carbonate-containing systems, contribute to improving the disintegration properties of the moldings
  • acidifying agents such as citric acid, tartaric acid or succinic acid
  • hydroogen salts for example bisulfates
  • these acidifying agents are also present in coarse-grained, in particular granular form, which have as little dust as possible and are adapted in their particle size distribution to those of the disintegrant granules.
  • the granular acidifying agents can be used, for example, in amounts of 1 to 10 % By weight can be contained in the moldings.
  • the shaped articles according to the invention in particular the previously poorly disintegrating and poorly soluble detergent tablets and bleach tablets, have excellent disintegration properties.
  • This can be tested, for example, under critical conditions in a conventional household washing machine (use directly in the washing liquor using a conventional dosing device, delicates program or colored laundry, washing temperature maximum 40 ° C) or in a beaker at a water temperature of 25 ° C. The corresponding tests are carried out in Sample part described.
  • the moldings according to the invention not only completely disintegrate within 10 minutes; the preferred embodiments have disintegration times in the beaker test of less than 3 minutes, in particular less than 2 minutes. Particularly advantageous embodiments even have disintegration times of less than 1 minute.
  • Disintegration times of less than 3 minutes in the beaker test are sufficient to allow the detergent tablets or the washing additive tablets to be rinsed into the washing liquor via the detergent dispenser of conventional household washing machines.
  • a washing method is therefore claimed, the shaped body being introduced into the washing liquor via the induction device of the household washing machine.
  • the dissolving times of the shaped bodies in the washing machine are preferably less than 8 minutes and in particular less than 5 minutes.
  • the molded articles according to the invention are actually produced first by dry mixing the disintegrant granules with the remaining constituents and then informing them, in particular pressing them into tablets, using conventional methods (for example, as in the conventional patent literature for tablets, especially in the detergent or cleaning agent field). in particular as can be used in the abovementioned patent applications and the article "Tabletttechnik: Stand dertechnik", S ⁇ FW-Journal, 122nd year, pp. 1016-1021 (1996)).
  • a granular detergent product with a particle size distribution which consisted of more than 90 wt .-% of particles with a size between 0.2 and 2 mm and was also dust-free, and consisting of 12.9 parts by weight of alkyl benzene sulfonate, 7.4 wt .
  • a tablet V1 of the same size with the same weight was produced, which contained 4 parts by weight of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel®-PH-102, FMC, average particle size 100 ⁇ m) instead of the above-mentioned disintegrant granules.
  • microcrystalline cellulose Avicel®-PH-102, FMC, average particle size 100 ⁇ m
  • the hardness of the tablets was measured by deforming the tablet to fracture, the force acting on the side surfaces of the tablet and the maximum force that the tablet was able to withstand.
  • the tablet was placed in a beaker with water (Düsseldorf city water, 16 ° dH) (600 ml of water, temperature 30 ° C) and the time until the tablet was completely broken was measured without any mechanical action.
  • water originallydorf city water, 16 ° dH

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Cleaning Implements For Floors, Carpets, Furniture, Walls, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to shaped bodies with a detergent or cleaning action, specially tablets i.e. detergent tablets, dishwasher detergent tablets, salt cleaning tablets or water softening tablets, exhibiting a favorable decomposition rate required for use in household appliances if said shaped bodies contain a special form of traditional blasting agents which are widely used for pharmaceutical purposes, enabling enhanced porosity and capillarity of said shaped bodies and possessing a high water adsorbtion capacity. Said blasting agents are provided in the shaped bodies in granular or optionally co-granulated form. The blasting agent granulates contain at least 20 wt.% blasting agents and the particle size distribution (sieve analysis) is configured in such a way that dust content is no more than 1 % and a total of less than 10 wt.% blasting agent granulates are smaller than 0.2 mm and at least 50 wt.% of the remaining shaped body constituents have a particle size ranging from 0.2 to 3 mm.

Description

Wasch- oder reinigungsaktive Formkörper für den Gebrauch im Haushalt Shaped or active cleaning moldings for household use
Die Erfindung betrifft wasch- oder reinigungsaktive Formkörper, in erster Linie Tabletten wie Wasch mitteltabletten, Geschirrspülmitteltabletten, Fleckensalztabletten oder Wasserenthärtungstabletten für den Gebrauch im Haushalt, insbesondere für den maschinellen Gebrauch, sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung dieser Formkörper und ihrer Verwendung.The invention relates to washing or cleaning active moldings, primarily tablets such as detergent tablets, dishwasher tablets, stain remover tablets or water softening tablets for household use, in particular for mechanical use, and a process for producing these moldings and their use.
Wasch- oder reinigungsaktive Formkörper, insbesondere Tabletten, besitzen gegenüber pul- verförmigen Mitteln eine Reihe von Vorteilen, wie eine vorteilhafte Handhabung, eine einfache Dosierung sowie geringer Bedarf an Verpackungsvolumina. Probleme ergeben sich jedoch dadurch, daß zur Erreichung einer hinreichenden Form- und Bruchbeständigkeit beim Verpressen der pulverförmigen Bestandteile verhältnismäßig hohe Preßdrucke angewendet werden müssen. Aufgrund der starken Verdichtung weisen derartige Tabletten vielfach unzureichende Zerfalls- und Löseeigenschaften bei ihrer Anwendung auf, wodurch die Aktivsubstanzen im Wasch- bzw. Reinigungsgang zu langsam freigesetzt werden und die Gefahr der Rückstandsbildung insbesondere auf Textilien nach dem Waschgang entsteht.Shaped or active cleaning moldings, in particular tablets, have a number of advantages over powdery agents, such as advantageous handling, simple dosing and low packaging volume requirements. Problems arise, however, in that relatively high compression pressures have to be used to achieve adequate dimensional stability and fracture resistance when pressing the powdery constituents. Because of the high degree of compaction, tablets of this type often have inadequate disintegration and dissolving properties when used, as a result of which the active substances are released too slowly in the washing or cleaning cycle and the risk of residues, particularly on textiles, arises after the washing cycle.
Das Problem des langsamen Zerfalls von Tabletten ist seit langem, insbesondere aus der pharmazeutischen Industrie bekannt. Hier wurde das Problem durch die Zugabe bestimmter Zerfallhilfsmittel, sogenannter Tablettensprengmittel, behoben oder doch zumindest vermindert. Unter Tablettensprengmitteln werden gemäß Römpp (9. Auflage, Bd. 6, S. 4440) und Voigt „Lehrbuch der pharmazeutischen Technologie" (6. Auflage, 1987) Hilfsstoffe verstanden, die für den raschen Zerfall von Tabletten in Wasser oder Magensaft und für die Freisetzung der Pharmaka in resorbierbarer Form sorgen. Sie werden dabei je nach Wirkungsmechanismus in Substanzklassen eingeteilt, welche die Porosität bzw. Kapillarität („Dochteffekt") der Komprimate erhöhen und ein großes Adsorptionsvermögen für Wasser besitzen, oder um Gas entwickelnde Substanzen für Brausetabletten oder um Hydrophilierungsmittel, die für die Benetzung der Komprimatpartikel in Wasser sorgen. Zur ersten Klasse gehören die als klassische Sprengmittel bekannten Substanzen wie Stärke, Cellulose und Cellulose- Derivate, Alginate, Dextrane, quervernetzte Polyvinylpyrrolidone und viele andere; zu der mittleren Klasse werden Systeme aus schwachen Säuren und carbonathaltigen Mitteln, insbesondere Citronensäure und Weinsäure in Kombination mit Hydrogencarbonat oder Carbo- nat, verstanden, während als Beispiele für die letztere Klasse Polyethylenglykolsorbi- tanfettsäureester genannt werden können.The problem of slow tablet disintegration has long been known, particularly from the pharmaceutical industry. Here the problem was solved or at least reduced by adding certain disintegrants, so-called tablet disintegrants. According to Römpp (9th edition, vol. 6, p. 4440) and Voigt "Textbook of pharmaceutical technology" (6th edition, 1987), tablet disintegrants are understood to mean auxiliaries which are suitable for the rapid disintegration of tablets in water or gastric juice and for The release of the pharmaceuticals in resorbable form ensures that they are divided into substance classes depending on the mechanism of action, which increase the porosity or capillarity (“wicking effect”) of the compressed air and have a high adsorption capacity for water, or for gas-evolving substances for effervescent tablets or for hydrophilizing agents , which ensure the wetting of the compressed particles in water. The first class includes the substances known as classic disintegrants, such as starch, cellulose and cellulose derivatives, alginates, dextrans, cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidones and many others; systems from weak acids and carbonate-containing agents, in particular citric acid and tartaric acid in combination with bicarbonate or carbo- nat, understood, while polyethylene glycol sorbitan fatty acid esters can be mentioned as examples of the latter class.
So wird in der deutschen Patentanmeldung 938 566 vorgeschlagen, Acetylsalicylsäure vor dem Verpressen zunächst in Granulatform zu überführen, schonend, aber vollständig zu trocknen und anschließend mit hochdisperser Kieselsäure zu überziehen. Anschließend können die mit hochdisperser Kieselsäure abgepuderten Acetylsalicylsäuregranulate mit weiteren Tabletteninhaltsstoffen, welche in pulverförmiger oder granulärer Form vorliegen können, vermischt und zu Tabletten verpreßt werden. Die Trennschicht von hochdisperser Kieselsäure wirkt nicht nur als Isolierschicht und Schutz vor ungewollten Reaktionen, sondern trägt auch zum schnellen Zerfall der Tabletten selbst nach längerer Lagerzeit bei.For example, German patent application 938 566 suggests converting acetylsalicylic acid into granular form before pressing, gently but completely drying it and then coating it with highly disperse silica. The acetylsalicylic acid granules powdered with finely divided silica can then be mixed with further tablet ingredients, which may be in powder or granular form, and compressed into tablets. The separating layer of highly disperse silica not only acts as an insulating layer and protection against unwanted reactions, but also contributes to the rapid disintegration of the tablets even after a long storage period.
Die deutsche Patentanmeldung 12 28 029 beschreibt die Herstellung von Tabletten, wobei Pulvergemische ohne vorherige Granulation zunächst mit Cellulosepulver und gegebenenfalls hochdisperser Kieselsäure vermischt, gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform vermählen und anschließend verpreßt werden.German patent application 12 28 029 describes the production of tablets, powder mixtures without prior granulation being first mixed with cellulose powder and optionally highly disperse silica, ground according to a preferred embodiment and then pressed.
Aus der deutschen Patentanmeldung 41 21 127 wiederum geht hervor, daß ein besonders guter Hilfsstoff bei der Herstellung von Arzneimitteltabletten Cellulosepartikel aufweist, auf deren Oberfläche ein Kaschiermittel fixiert ist. Der Hilfsstoff wird in möglichst feinteiliger Form eingesetzt; wobei mittlere Partikelgrößen von unterhalb 200 μm als besonders vorteilhaft dargestellt werden. Die Herstellung dieser feinteiligen Hilfsstoffe, die in der Arzneimittelherstellung zu Tabletten mit sowohl höherer Bruchfestigkeit als auch mit einer höheren Zerfallsgeschwindigkeit führen, erfolgt insbesondere durch einen Mahlvorgang in der Kugelmühle.German patent application 41 21 127 in turn shows that a particularly good auxiliary in the manufacture of pharmaceutical tablets has cellulose particles on the surface of which a laminating agent is fixed. The excipient is used in the finest possible form; mean particle sizes below 200 μm are shown to be particularly advantageous. These finely divided excipients, which lead to tablets with both higher breaking strength and a higher disintegration speed in pharmaceutical production, are produced in particular by a milling process in a ball mill.
Üblicherweise werden somit die klassischen Tablettensprengmittel der ersten genannten Substanzklasse in sehr feinteiliger Form entweder vor dem Verpressen mit den sonstigen Tabletteninhaltsstoffen, die feinteilig oder granulär vorliegen können, vermischt oder die sonstigen Tabletteninhaltsstoffe werden mit dem Tablettensprengmittel überzogen bzw. abgepudert.Usually, the classic tablet disintegrants of the first class of substances mentioned are mixed in very fine-particle form either prior to compression with the other tablet ingredients, which may be in fine or granular form, or the other tablet ingredients are coated or powdered with the tablet disintegrant.
Auf dem Gebiet der Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittel können gemäß der Lehre des europäischen Patents EP-B-0 523 099 auch die Sprengmittel eingesetzt werden, die von der Arzneimittelherstellung her bekannt sind. Als Sprengmittel genannt werden quellfähige Schichtsilikate wie Bentonite, Naturstoffe und Naturstoff-Derivate auf Stärke- und Cellulose-Basis, Alginate und dergleichen, Kartoffelstärke, Methylcellulose und/oder Hydroxypropyl-cellulose. Diese Sprengmittel können mit den zu verpressenden Granulaten vermischt, aber bereits auch in die zu verpressenden Granulate eingearbeitet werden.In the field of washing or cleaning agents, according to the teaching of the European patent EP-B-0 523 099, the disintegrants which are known from the manufacture of pharmaceuticals can also be used. Swelling layer silicates such as bentonites, natural substances and natural substance derivatives based on starch and cellulose are mentioned as disintegrants, Alginates and the like, potato starch, methyl cellulose and / or hydroxypropyl cellulose. These disintegrants can be mixed with the granules to be compressed, but can also be incorporated into the granules to be compressed.
Die internationale Patentanmeldung WO-A-96/06156 gibt ebenfalls an, daß der Einbau von Sprengmitteln in Wasch- oder Reinigungsmitteltabletten von Vorteil sein kann. Wiederum werden hier als typische Sprengmittel mikrokristalline Cellulose, Zucker wie Sorbit, aber auch Schichtsilikate, insbesondere feinteilige und quellfähige Schichtsilikate von der Art der Ben- tonite und Smektite genannt. Auch zur Gasbildung beitragende Substanzen wie Citro- nensäure, Bisulfat, Bicarbonat, Carbonat und Percarbonat werden als mögliche Zerfallhilfsmittel aufgeführt.International patent application WO-A-96/06156 also states that the incorporation of disintegrants in detergent or cleaning agent tablets can be advantageous. Again, microcrystalline cellulose, sugars such as sorbitol, but also sheet silicates, in particular finely divided and swellable sheet silicates of the type of bentonites and smectites, are mentioned as typical disintegrants. Substances that contribute to gas formation, such as citric acid, bisulfate, bicarbonate, carbonate and percarbonate, are also listed as possible disintegrants.
In den beiden letztgenannten Dokumenten des Standes der Technik werden zwar keine expliziten Angaben darüber gemacht, welche genaue Teilchengrößenverteilung die einsetzbaren Sprengmittel aufweisen sollen; Angaben bezüglich der Mikrokristallinität der Cellulose und der Feinteiligkeit der Schichtsilikate weisen den Fachmann aber vor allem im Zusammenhang mit der aus der Herstellung von Arzneimitteltabletten bekannten Literatur darauf hin, daß herkömmliche Sprengmittel in feinteiliger Form eingesetzt werden sollen. Dies stimmt damit überein, daß bis heute keine gröberen, beispielsweise durch Granulation feinteiliger Pulver gewonnenen Produkte, die ausdrücklich als Sprengmittel für Tabletten angeboten werden, im Handel erhältlich sind.In the two last-mentioned documents of the prior art, no explicit information is given as to what exact particle size distribution the disintegrants that are to be used should have; Information regarding the microcrystallinity of the cellulose and the fineness of the layered silicates, however, indicate to the person skilled in the art, especially in connection with the literature known from the manufacture of pharmaceutical tablets, that conventional disintegrants should be used in finely divided form. This is in agreement with the fact that to date no coarser products, for example those obtained by granulating finely divided powders, which are expressly offered as disintegrants for tablets, are commercially available.
In den europäischen Patentanmeldungen EP-A-0 466 485, EP-A-0 522 766, EP-A-0 711 827, EP-A-0 711 828 und EP-A-0 716 144 wird die Herstellung von reinigungsaktiven Tabletten beschrieben, wobei kompaktiertes, partikuläres Material mit einer Partikelgröße zwischen 180 und 2000 μm eingesetzt wird. Die resultierenden Tabletten können sowohl eine homogene wie auch eine heterogene Struktur aufweisen. Gemäß EP-A-0 522 766 werden zumindest die Teilchen, welche Tenside und Builder enthalten, mit einer Lösung oder Dispersion eines Binders/Zerfallhilfsmittels, insbesondere Polyethylenglykol, umhüllt. Andere Binder/Zerfallhilfsmittel sind wiederum die bereits mehrfach beschriebenen und bekannten Sprengmittel, beispielsweise Stärken und Stärkederivate, im Handel erhältliche Cellulose- Derivate wie quervernetzte und modifizierte Cellulose, mikrokristalline Cellulosefasern, quer- vemetzte Polyvinylpyrrolidone, Schichtsilikate etc. Auch schwache Säuren wie Citronensäure oder Weinsäure, welche in Zusammenhang mit carbonathaltigen Quellen bei der Kontaktie- rung mit Wasser zu Sprudeleffekten führen und nach der Definition nach Römpp zu der zweiten Klasse der Sprengmittel zählen, können als Coatingmaterial eingesetzt werden. Auch in diesen Fällen werden keine expliziten Angaben zu der Teilchengrößenverteilung der Sprengmittel gemacht. Allerdings wird das Sprengmittel jeweils auf die Oberfläche von granulären Partikeln aufgebracht. Dies geschieht entweder wie angegeben in flüssiger bis disperser Form oder in fester Form. Der Fachmann weiß hierbei, daß zum Überziehen von Partikeln mit festen Teilchen, das sogenannte „Abpudern", möglichst feinteilige, nämlich puderartige Feststoffe, welche üblicherweise auch relativ hohe Mengen an Staubanteilen aufweisen, einzusetzen sind.European patent applications EP-A-0 466 485, EP-A-0 522 766, EP-A-0 711 827, EP-A-0 711 828 and EP-A-0 716 144 describe the production of cleaning-active tablets , where compact, particulate material with a particle size between 180 and 2000 microns is used. The resulting tablets can have both a homogeneous and a heterogeneous structure. According to EP-A-0 522 766, at least the particles which contain surfactants and builders are coated with a solution or dispersion of a binder / disintegrant, in particular polyethylene glycol. Other binders / disintegrants are, in turn, the disintegrants that have already been described and known several times, for example starches and starch derivatives, commercially available cellulose derivatives such as crosslinked and modified cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose fibers, crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidones, layered silicates etc. Also weak acids such as citric acid or tartaric acid, which, in connection with carbonate-containing sources, lead to bubbling effects when they come into contact with water and which, according to Römpp's definition, belong to the second class of disintegrants, can be used as coating material. In these cases, too, no explicit information is given on the particle size distribution of the disintegrants. However, the disintegrant is applied to the surface of granular particles. This is done either as stated in liquid to disperse form or in solid form. The person skilled in the art knows that to coat particles with solid particles, the so-called “powdering”, as fine as possible, namely powder-like solids, which usually also have relatively high amounts of dust, are to be used.
Gemäß der EP-A-0 711 827 führt der Einsatz von Partikeln, welche zum überwiegenden Teil aus Citrat bestehen, das eine bestimmte Löslichkeit in Wasser aufweist, in zweiter Linie auch zu einem beschleunigten Zerfall der Tabletten. Es wird vermutet, daß durch die Auflösung des Citrats die lonenstärke während einer Übergangszeit lokal erhöht wird, wodurch die Gelierung von Tensiden zurückgedrängt und als Folge davon der Zerfall der Tablette nicht behindert wird. Citrat stellt somit gemäß dieser Patentanmeldung kein klassisches Sprengmittel dar, sondern dient als Antigeliermittel.According to EP-A-0 711 827, the use of particles, which predominantly consist of citrate, which has a certain solubility in water, also leads to an accelerated disintegration of the tablets. It is believed that the dissolution of the citrate locally increases the ionic strength during a transition period, which suppresses the gelling of surfactants and, as a result, does not hinder the disintegration of the tablet. According to this patent application, citrate is therefore not a classic explosive, but serves as an anti-gelling agent.
Die genannten Lösungsvorschläge führen bei der Tablettenherstellung von Arzneimitteln zum gewünschten Erfolg. Im Wasch- und Reinigungsmittelbereich tragen sie zwar zu einer Verbesserung der Zerfallseigenschaften von wasch- oder reinigungsaktiven Tabletten bei; jedoch ist die erreichte Verbesserung in vielen Fällen nicht ausreichend. Dies gilt insbesondere dann, wenn der Anteil an klebrigen organischen Substanzen in den Tabletten, beispielsweise an anionischen und/oder nichtionischen Tensiden, steigt. Dies ist einer der Gründe dafür, daß bis heute keine Waschmitteltabletten im Markt erhältlich sind, die den hohen Anforderungen des Verbrauchers genügen. Aber auch im Geschirrspülmittelbereich und im Bereich der Waschmitteladditive weisen Tabletten bei häufig genügender Bruchfestigkeit nicht die genügend hohe Zerfallsgeschwindigkeit auf. Dabei kann auch im Geschirrspülmittelbereich die Beschleunigung der Zerfalls- und der Auflösegeschwindigkeit von Vorteil sein, insbesondere für Phasen, die Wirkstoffe enthalten, die am Beginn des Reinigungsprozesses bzw. bei tieferen Temperaturen wirken sollen.The proposed solutions lead to the desired success in the manufacture of pharmaceutical tablets. In the area of detergents and cleaning agents, they do contribute to an improvement in the disintegration properties of tablets that are active in washing or cleaning; however, the improvement achieved is not sufficient in many cases. This applies in particular if the proportion of sticky organic substances in the tablets, for example anionic and / or nonionic surfactants, increases. This is one of the reasons why so far there are no detergent tablets available on the market that meet the high demands of the consumer. But also in the area of dishwashing detergents and in the area of detergent additives, tablets often do not have a sufficiently high disintegration rate if the breaking strength is sufficient. Accelerating the rate of disintegration and dissolution can also be advantageous in the area of dishwashing detergents, in particular for phases which contain active ingredients which are to act at the start of the cleaning process or at lower temperatures.
Dementsprechend bestand die Aufgabe der Erfindung darin, wasch- oder reinigungsaktive Formkörper bereitzustellen, welche ein Sprengmittel beinhalten, das in der Lage ist, die Porosität bzw. die Kapillarität der Tabletten zu erhöhen und ein hohes Adsorptionsvermögen für Wasser besitzt, und welche die obengenannten Nachteile nicht aufweisen. Ebenso sollte ein Verfahren zur Herstellung dieser verbesserten wasch- oder reinigungsaktiven Formkörper bereitgestellt werden. Es wurde nun gefunden, daß die klassischen, schon aus der Herstellung der Arzneimitteltabletten bekannten Sprengmittel zu schnell zerfallenden wasch- oder reinigungsaktiven Formkörpern führen, wenn man diese Sprengmittel nicht in herkömmlicher Weise anwendet.Accordingly, the object of the invention was to provide washing or cleaning-active moldings which contain a disintegrant which is able to increase the porosity or capillarity of the tablets and has a high adsorption capacity for water and which does not have the disadvantages mentioned above exhibit. A method for producing these improved washing or cleaning-active molded articles should also be provided. It has now been found that the classic disintegrants already known from the manufacture of pharmaceutical tablets lead to rapidly disintegrating washing or cleaning-active moldings if these disintegrants are not used in a conventional manner.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist daher in einer ersten Ausführungsform ein wasch- oder reinigungsaktiver Formkörper, enthaltend mindestens ein Sprengmittel, das in der Lage ist, die Porosität bzw. Kapillarität von Formkörpern, insbesondere von Tabletten zu erhöhen und ein hohes Adsorptionsvermögen für Wasser besitzt, wobei dieses Sprengmittel in granulärer und gegebenenfalls in cogranulierter Form in dem Formkörper vorliegt, das Sprengmittelgranulat das Sprengmittel oder - falls mehrere Sprengmittel eingesetzt werden - die Sprengmittel zu mindestens 20 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise zu 25 bis 100 Gew.-%, enthält und die Partikelgrößenverteilung (Siebanalyse) derart gestaltet ist, daß maximal 1 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise darunter, an Staubanteilen vorliegen und insgesamt (einschließlich der eventuell vorhandenen Staubanteile) weniger als 10 Gew.-% der Sprengmittelgranulate kleiner als 0,2 mm sind. Vorteilhafterweise weisen dabei mindestens 90 Gew.-% der Sprengmittelgranulate eine Partikelgröße von mindestens 0,2 mm und maximal 3 mm auf.In a first embodiment, the invention therefore relates to a washing or cleaning-active molded body, comprising at least one disintegrant which is capable of increasing the porosity or capillarity of molded bodies, in particular tablets, and has a high adsorption capacity for water, the latter Disintegrant is present in granular and optionally in cogranulated form in the shaped body, the disintegrant granulate contains the disintegrant or - if several disintegrants are used - the disintegrant contains at least 20% by weight, preferably 25 to 100% by weight, and the particle size distribution ( Sieve analysis) is designed in such a way that a maximum of 1% by weight, preferably less, of dust components is present and overall (including any dust components present) less than 10% by weight of the disintegrant granules are smaller than 0.2 mm. At least 90% by weight of the disintegrant granules advantageously have a particle size of at least 0.2 mm and a maximum of 3 mm.
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung werden unter Sprengmitteln in granulärer oder in cogranulierter Form bzw. unter Sprengmittelgranulaten alle diejenigen Sprengmittel verstanden, die per se in feinteiliger Pulverform vorliegen und durch einen Sprühtrocknungs-, Granulier-, Agglomerier-, Kompaktier-, Pelletier- oder Extrusionsprozeß in eine grobkörnigere Form überführt wurden.In the context of the present invention, disintegrants in granular or in co-granulated form or disintegrant granules are understood to mean all those disintegrants which are per se in finely divided powder form and in a spray drying, granulating, agglomerating, compacting, pelleting or extrusion process a more coarse-grained shape has been transferred.
Bereits eingangs wurde beschrieben, was unter wasch- oder reinigungsaktiven Formkörpern zu verstehen ist. Es handelt sich dabei in erster Linie um zylinderförmige Ausgestaltungen oder Tabletten, die als Waschmittel, Geschirrspülmittel, Bleichmittel (Fleckensalze), gegebenenfalls aber auch als Vorbehandlungsmittel, beispielsweise als Wasserenthärter oder Bleichmittel eingesetzt werden können. Der Begriff „Formkörper" ist aber nicht auf die Tablettenform beschränkt. Prinzipiell ist jede Raumform möglich, die den Ausgangsstoffen gegebenenfalls aufgrund eines äußeren Behältnisses aufgezwungen werden kann. Zylinderförmige Körper können dabei eine Höhe aufweisen, die kleiner oder größer oder gleich dem Durchmesser der Grundfläche ist. Denkbar ist jedoch auch eine eckige, beispielsweise eine rechteckige, insbesondere eine quadratische, aber auch eine rautenförmige bzw. trapezförmige Grundfläche des Formkörpers. Weitere Ausgestaltungen schließen dreieckige oder mehr als viereckige Grundflächen des Formkörpers ein. Aufgrund der hervorragenden Zerfallseigenschaften der erfindungsgemäßen Formkörper ist es möglich, aber nicht zwingend erforderlich, die Formkörper mittels einer Dosiervorrichtung direkt in die wäßrige Flotte eines maschinellen Verfahrens zu geben; es ist vielmehr auch möglich, den oder die Formkörper in die Einspülrinne der handelsüblichen Haushaltsmaschinen, insbesondere der Waschgeräte, zu plazieren. Dementsprechend ist die Raumform der Formkörper in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung in ihren Dimensionen der Einspülkammer handelsüblicher Haushaltsmaschinen angepaßt.It has already been described at the beginning what is meant by shaped articles which are active in washing or cleaning. These are primarily cylindrical configurations or tablets which can be used as detergents, dishwashing detergents, bleaching agents (stain salts), but also, if appropriate, as pretreatment agents, for example as water softeners or bleaching agents. However, the term “shaped body” is not limited to the tablet shape. In principle, any spatial shape is possible that may be imposed on the starting materials due to an outer container. Cylindrical bodies can have a height that is less than or greater than or equal to the diameter of the base area However, an angular, for example a rectangular, in particular a square, but also a diamond-shaped or trapezoidal base area of the shaped body is also conceivable, and further configurations include triangular or more than square base areas of the shaped body. Because of the excellent disintegration properties of the moldings according to the invention, it is possible, but not absolutely necessary, to add the moldings directly into the aqueous liquor of a mechanical process by means of a metering device; on the contrary, it is also possible to place the molded article or articles in the induction channel of commercially available household machines, in particular washing machines. Accordingly, the spatial shape of the moldings in a preferred embodiment of the invention is adapted in its dimensions to the induction chamber of commercially available household machines.
Ein weiterer bevorzugter Formkörper hat eine platten- oder tafelartige Struktur mit abwechselnd dicken langen und dünnen kurzen Segmenten, so daß einzelne Segmente von diesem „Riegel" an den Sollbruchstellen, welche die kurzen dünnen Segmente darstellen, abgebrochen und in die Maschine bzw. die Einspülkammer der Maschine eingegeben werden können. Dieses Prinzip des „riegeiförmigen" Mittels kann ebenfalls in anderen geometrischen Formen, beispielsweise senkrecht stehenden Dreiecken, die lediglich an einer ihrer Seiten längsseitig miteinander verbunden sind, verwirklicht werden.Another preferred molded body has a plate-like or sheet-like structure with alternately thick long and thin short segments, so that individual segments of this "bolt" at the predetermined breaking points, which represent the short thin segments, are broken off and into the machine or the induction chamber of the This principle of the "bar-shaped" means can also be implemented in other geometric shapes, for example vertically standing triangles, which are only connected to one another on the long side.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung werden homogene oder heterogene Formkörper, insbesondere Tabletten bereitgestellt, wobei diese Tabletten vorzugsweise einen Durchmesser von 20 bis 60 mm, insbesondere von 40 +/- 10 mm aufweisen. Die Höhe dieser Tabletten beträgt vorzugsweise 10 bis 30 mm und insbesondere 15 bis 25 mm. Das Gewicht der einzelnen Formkörper, insbesondere der Tabletten, liegt dabei vorzugsweise bei 15 bis 60 g und insbesondere bei 25 bis 40 g pro Formkörper bzw. Tablette; die Stoffdichte der Formkörper bzw. Tabletten weist hingegen üblicherweise Werte oberhalb von 1 kg/dm3, vorzugsweise von 1 ,1 bis 1 ,4 kg/dm3 auf. Je nach Art der Anwendung, des Wasserhärtebereichs oder der Verschmutzung können 1 oder mehrere, beispielsweise 2 bis 4 Formkörper, insbesondere Tabletten, eingesetzt werden. Weitere erfindungsgemäße Formkörper können auch kleinere Durchmesser bzw. Abmessungen, beispielsweise um 10 mm, aufweisen.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, homogeneous or heterogeneous moldings, in particular tablets, are provided, these tablets preferably having a diameter of 20 to 60 mm, in particular of 40 +/- 10 mm. The height of these tablets is preferably 10 to 30 mm and in particular 15 to 25 mm. The weight of the individual shaped bodies, in particular the tablets, is preferably 15 to 60 g and in particular 25 to 40 g per shaped body or tablet; the consistency of the shaped bodies or tablets, on the other hand, usually has values above 1 kg / dm 3 , preferably from 1.1 to 1.4 kg / dm 3 . Depending on the type of application, the water hardness range or the level of contamination, 1 or more, for example 2 to 4, moldings, in particular tablets, can be used. Further shaped bodies according to the invention can also have smaller diameters or dimensions, for example around 10 mm.
Unter einem homogenen Formkörper werden derartige verstanden, in denen die Inhaltsstoffe des Formkörpers homogen verteilt sind. Unter heterogenen Formkörpern werden dementsprechend solche verstanden, die keine homogene Verteilung ihrer Inhaltsstoffe aufzuweisen haben. Heterogene Formkörper können beispielsweise dadurch hergestellt werden, daß die verschiedenen Inhaltsstoffe nicht zu einem einheitlichen Formkörper, sondern zu einem Formkörper verpreßt wird, der mehrere Schichten, also mindestens zwei Schichten aufweist. Dabei ist es auch möglich, daß diese verschiedenen Schichten unterschiedliche Zerfalls- und Lösegeschwindigkeiten aufweisen. Hieraus können vorteilhafte anwendungstechnische Ei- genschaften der Formkörper resultieren. Falls beispielsweise Inhaltsstoffe in den Formkörpern enthalten sind, die sich wechselseitig negativ beeinflussen, so ist es möglich, die eine Komponente in der schneller zerfallenden und schneller löslichen Schicht zu integrieren und die andere Komponente in eine langsamer zerfallende Schicht einzuarbeiten, so daß die erste Komponente mit Vorlaufzeit wirken kann oder bereits abreagiert hat, wenn die zweite in Lösung geht. Der Schichtaufbau der Formkörper kann dabei sowohl stapelartig erfolgen, wobei ein Lösungsvorgang der inneren Schicht(en) an den Kanten des Formkörpers bereits dann erfolgt, wenn die äußeren Schichten noch nicht vollständig gelöst oder zerfallen sind; es kann aber auch eine vollständige Umhüllung der inneren Schicht(en) durch die jeweils weiter außen liegenden Schichten erreicht werden, was zu einer Verhinderung der frühzeitigen Lösung von Bestandteilen der inneren Schicht(en) führt.A homogeneous shaped body is understood to mean those in which the ingredients of the shaped body are distributed homogeneously. Accordingly, heterogeneous shaped bodies are understood to mean those which do not have a homogeneous distribution of their ingredients. Heterogeneous moldings can be produced, for example, in that the various ingredients are not pressed into a uniform molded body, but rather into a molded body which has several layers, that is to say at least two layers. It is also possible that these different layers have different disintegration and dissolution rates. Advantageous application technology Properties of the molded body result. If, for example, ingredients are contained in the moldings that have a negative influence on one another, it is possible to integrate one component in the more rapidly disintegrating and more rapidly soluble layer and to incorporate the other component in a more slowly disintegrating layer so that the first component coexists Lead time may have an effect or has already reacted when the second goes into solution. The layer structure of the shaped bodies can take place in a stack-like manner, with the inner layer (s) already loosening at the edges of the shaped body when the outer layers have not yet been completely detached or disintegrated; however, a complete covering of the inner layer (s) can also be achieved by the layers lying further outwards, which leads to the premature dissolution of components of the inner layer (s).
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung besteht eine Tablette aus mindestens drei Schichten, also zwei äußeren und mindestens einer inneren Schicht, wobei mindestens in einer der inneren Schichten ein Peroxy-Bleichmittel enthalten ist, während bei der stapeiförmigen Tablette die beiden Deckschichten und bei der hüllenförmigen Tablette die äußersten Schichten jedoch frei von Peroxy-Bleichmittel sind. Ebenso ist es möglich, Peroxy-Bleichmittel und gegebenenfalls vorhandene Bleichaktivatoren oder Bleichkatalysatoren und/oder Enzyme räumlich in einer Tablette / einem Formkörper voneinander zu trennen. Derartige Ausgestaltungen weisen den Vorteil auf, daß selbst in Fällen, bei denen der Waschmittel- oder Bleichmittel-Formkörper / die Waschmittel- oder Bleichmittel-Tablette im direkten Kontakt zu den Textilien in die Waschmaschine oder ins Handwaschbecken gegeben wird, keine Verfleckungen („spotting") durch Bleichmittel und dergleichen auf den Textilien zu befürchten wären.In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, a tablet consists of at least three layers, that is to say two outer and at least one inner layer, at least one peroxy bleaching agent being contained in at least one of the inner layers, while in the case of the tablet in the form of a tablet, the two outer layers and in the case of the envelope However, the outermost layers of the tablet are free of peroxy bleach. It is also possible to spatially separate peroxy bleaching agents and any bleach activators or bleach catalysts and / or enzymes present in a tablet / molded article. Such configurations have the advantage that even in cases in which the detergent or bleach tablets / detergent or bleach tablets are placed in direct contact with the textiles in the washing machine or hand wash basin, there are no stains ("spotting" ) would be feared by bleaching agents and the like on the textiles.
Weitere Beispiele für heterogene Formkörper können beispielsweise den europäischen Patentanmeldungen EP-A-0 711 827, EP-A-0 711 828 und EP-A-0 716 144 entnommen werden.Further examples of heterogeneous moldings can be found, for example, in European patent applications EP-A-0 711 827, EP-A-0 711 828 and EP-A-0 716 144.
Gemäß der obengenannten Definition können eine Reihe von Sprengmitteln einzeln oder in Kombination, in einem Sprengmittelgranulat oder in verschiedenen Sprengmittelgraunlaten vorliegend, eingesetzt werden. Falls verschiedene Sprengmittelgranulate eingesetzt werden sollten, so ist es bevorzugt, daß mehr als 40 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise mindestens 50 Gew.-% und insbesondere mindestens 60 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge der eingesetzten Sprengmittelgranulate, eine Zusammensetzung und Partikelgrößenverteilung der oben angegebenen Art aufweisen. Da aber gerade die gröber als herkömmlich eingesetzte Art der Sprengmittel die Beschleunigung des Zerfalls des wasch- oder reinigungsaktiven Formkörpers bewirkt, ist es besonders vorteilhaft und in hohem Maße wünschenswert, daß auch die Gesamtmenge der verschiedenen Sprengmittelgranulate die obengenannten Merkmale aufweisen.According to the definition given above, a number of disintegrants can be used individually or in combination, in one disintegrant granulate or in different disintegrant gray slats. If different disintegrant granules should be used, it is preferred that more than 40% by weight, preferably at least 50% by weight and in particular at least 60% by weight, in each case based on the total amount of disintegrant granules used, has a composition and particle size distribution of the type specified above. But since it is the coarser than conventionally used The type of disintegrant which accelerates the disintegration of the washing or cleaning-active shaped body, it is particularly advantageous and highly desirable that the total amount of the various disintegrant granules also have the abovementioned features.
Zu den bevorzugten Sprengmitteln, welche in granuläre bzw. in cogranulierte Form zu überführen sind, zählen Stärke und Stärke-Derivate, Cellulose und Cellulosederivate, beispielsweise mikrokristalline Cellulose, CMC, MC, Alginsäure und deren Salze, Carboxylmethyl- amylopectin, Polyacrylsäure, Polyvinylpyrrolidon und Polyvinylpolypyrrolidon. Die Sprengmittelgranulate können auf herkömmliche Art und Weise, beispielsweise durch Sprühtrocknung oder Heißdampftrocknung wäßriger Zubereitungsformen oder durch Granulierung, Pelletierung, Extrusion oder Walzenkompaktierung hergestellt werden. Dabei kann es von Vorteil sein, den Sprengmitteln Zuschlagsstoffe, Granulierhilfsmittel, Träger oder Kaschiermittel der bekannten Art zuzusetzen (cogranulierte Form). Zuschlagsstoffe sind in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung nicht-tensidische Wirksubstanzen von Waschoder Reinigungsmitteln, insbesondere Bleichaktivatoren und/oder Bleichkatalysatoren. Besonders bevorzugt ist dabei ein Sprengmittelgranulat, welches als Zuschlagsstoff Tetraace- tylethylendiamin (TAED) und/oder andere Bleichaktivatoren der gängigen Art enthält. Derartige Sprengmittelgranulate können vorteilhafterweise durch Cogranulation des Sprengmittels mit dem Zuschlagsstoff hergestellt werden. Durch eine derartige Cogranulation kann die Verteilung des Sprengmittels in dem Formkörper, insbesondere in der Tablette, vergrößert werden, was in bestimmten Fällen ebenfalls zu einer Verbesserung der Zerfallsgeschwindigkeit des Formkörpers führen kann.The preferred disintegrants which are to be converted into granular or cogranulated form include starch and starch derivatives, cellulose and cellulose derivatives, for example microcrystalline cellulose, CMC, MC, alginic acid and its salts, carboxylmethylamylopectin, polyacrylic acid, polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyvinylpolypyrrolidone . The disintegrant granules can be produced in a conventional manner, for example by spray drying or superheated steam drying of aqueous preparation forms or by granulation, pelletization, extrusion or roller compaction. It may be advantageous to add additives, granulating aids, carriers or laminating agents of the known type to the disintegrants (co-granulated form). In a preferred embodiment of the invention, additives are non-surfactant active substances of washing or cleaning agents, in particular bleach activators and / or bleach catalysts. A disintegrant granulate is particularly preferred which contains tetraacetylethylene diamine (TAED) and / or other bleach activators of the usual type as an additive. Disintegrant granules of this type can advantageously be produced by co-granulating the disintegrant with the additive. Such a cogranulation can increase the distribution of the disintegrant in the shaped body, in particular in the tablet, which in certain cases can also lead to an improvement in the disintegration speed of the shaped body.
Besonders bevorzugt ist im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung die Verwendung von cellu- losehaltigen Sprengmitteln wie sie die ältere deutsche Patentanmeldung P 197 09 991.2 beschreibt. Dieses Sprengmittel sind cellulosehaltige Materialien, die kompaktiert wurden, wobei bevorzugt kompaktierte Holzstoffe wie TMP (thermo mechanical pulp) oder CTMP (che- mo thermo mechanical pulp) eingesetzt werden. Solche besonders bevorzugten Sprengmittel sind beispielsweise unter den Typenbezeichnungen Arbocel®-B und Arbocel®-BC (Buchen- cellulose), Arbocel®-BE (Buchen-Sulfit-Cellulose), Arbocel®-B-SCH (Baumwollcellulose), Ar- bocel®-FIC (Fichtencellulose) sowie weiteren Arbocel®-Typen (Arbocel®-TF-30-HG) von der Firma Rettenmaier erhältlich. In einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung beträgt der Gehalt der Sprengmittelgranulate an den eigentlichen Sprengmitteln vorzugsweise 50 bis 100 Gew.-%, insbesondere mindestens 70 Gew.-%, wobei Ausgestaltungen mit mindestens 80 oder sogar 90 Gew.-% und darüber besonders vorteilhaft sein können. Auch Sprengmittelgranulate, welche nahezu vollständig aus den handelsüblichen Sprengmitteln hergestellt werden und welche die handelsüblichen Sprengmittel zwischen 97 und 100 Gew.-% enthalten, sind möglich.In the context of the present invention, particular preference is given to the use of cellulose-containing disintegrants as described in the earlier German patent application P 197 09 991.2. These disintegrants are cellulose-containing materials that have been compacted, preferably using compacted wood materials such as TMP (thermo mechanical pulp) or CTMP (chemo thermo mechanical pulp). Such particularly preferred disintegrants are, for example, under the type designations Arbocel ® -B and Arbocel ® -BC (beech cellulose), Arbocel ® -BE (beech sulfite cellulose), Arbocel ® -B-SCH (cotton cellulose), Arbocel ® -FIC (spruce cellulose) and other Arbocel ® types (Arbocel ® -TF-30-HG) are available from Rettenmaier. In one embodiment of the invention, the content of the actual disintegrant in the disintegrant granules is preferably 50 to 100% by weight, in particular at least 70% by weight, configurations with at least 80 or even 90% by weight and above being particularly advantageous. Disintegrant granules which are produced almost entirely from the commercial disintegrants and which contain the commercial disintegrants between 97 and 100% by weight are also possible.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung, in der das Sprengmittel in cogranulierter Form, insbesondere in Kombination mit TAED, in den Sprengmittelgranulaten eingesetzt wird, beträgt der Gehalt an Sprengmittel in dem Granulat mehr als 20 Gew.-% und weniger als 70 Gew.-%, wobei die Restbestandteiie vorteilhafterweise zu mindestens 70 Gew.-%, insbesondere zu 80 bis 100 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf die Restbestandteile in dem Sprengmittelgranulat, aus den Wirksubstanzen wie Bleichaktivator, insbesondere TAED, und/oder Bleichkatalysator bestehen.In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, in which the disintegrant is used in cogranulated form, in particular in combination with TAED, in the disintegrant granules, the disintegrant content in the granules is more than 20% by weight and less than 70% by weight. %, the remaining constituents advantageously consisting of at least 70% by weight, in particular 80 to 100% by weight, based in each case on the remaining constituents in the disintegrant granulate, of the active substances, such as bleach activator, in particular TAED, and / or bleach catalyst.
Falls bei der Herstellung der Sprengmittelgranulate Feinanteile unterhalb 0,2 mm anfallen sollten, so ist es nicht nur bevorzugt, diese soweit abzutrennen, daß die Sprengmittelgranulate weitgehend frei von Staubanteilen sind, worunter im Rahmen dieser Erfindung Partikel mit Partikelgrößen von kleiner als 0,1 mm angesehen werden (siehe oben), sondern auch daß der Gehalt an Partikeln unter 0,2 mm insgesamt auf 0 bis 5 Gew.-% minimiert wird. In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform weisen mindestens 90 Gew.-% der Sprengmittelgranulate eine Partikelgröße von mindestens 0,3 mm und maximal 3 mm, insbesondere bis maximal 2 mm auf.If fine particles of less than 0.2 mm should be obtained in the production of the disintegrant granules, it is not only preferred to separate them to such an extent that the disintegrant granules are largely free of dust, including particles with particle sizes of less than 0.1 mm in the context of this invention are considered (see above), but also that the content of particles below 0.2 mm is minimized overall to 0 to 5% by weight. In a further preferred embodiment, at least 90% by weight of the disintegrant granules have a particle size of at least 0.3 mm and a maximum of 3 mm, in particular up to a maximum of 2 mm.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform beinhalten die erfindungsgemäßen Formkörper Sprengmittelgranulate in Mengen von 1 bis 20 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise von 2 bis 15 Gew.-%, wobei Mengen bis 10 Gew.-% besonders bevorzugt sind.In a preferred embodiment, the shaped bodies according to the invention contain disintegrant granules in amounts of from 1 to 20% by weight, preferably from 2 to 15% by weight, with amounts of up to 10% by weight being particularly preferred.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform sieht die Erfindung vor, daß nicht nur die Sprengmittelgranulate, sondern auch die restlichen Bestandteile des Formkörpers überwiegend in einer partikulären Form der bereits angegebenen Art vorliegen. So ist es bevorzugt, daß mindestens 50 Gew.-% der restlichen Bestandteile und vorzugsweise mindestens 70 Gew.-% eine Partikelgrößenverteilung zwischen 0,2 und 3 mm aufweisen. Auch hier gilt insbesondere, daß die restlichen Bestandteile Partikel einer Größe von kleiner als 0,2 mm lediglich zu 0 bis 5 Gew.-% enthalten sollen, wobei es besonders vorteilhaft ist, wenn mindestens 90 Gew.-% der sonstigen Bestandteile Partikelgrößen zwischen 0,2 und 3,0 mm aufweisen. Staubanteile sollen soweit wie möglich auch bei den restlichen Bestandteilen vermieden werden. Dies wird beispielsweise dadurch verwirklicht, daß die restlichen Bestandteile in granulärer Form vorliegen und/oder in einem oder mehreren Compounds zusammengefaßt sind, welche auf herkömmliche Weise, beispielsweise durch Sprühtrocknung, Heißdampftrocknung, Granulierung/Agglomerierung, Wirbelschichtgranulierung, Walzenkompaktierung, Pelletierung oder Extrusion, hergestellt werden können. Gegebenenfalls bei der Herstellung dieser Compounds anfallende Feinanteile von Partikelgrößen kleiner 0,2 mm werden dabei vorzugsweise vor dem Vermischen mit den Sprengmittelgranulaten entfernt. Ausdrücklich nicht in die Bilanz der Partikelgrößenverteilung der restlichen Bestandteile gehen Oberflächenbehandlungsmittel wie Puderungsmittel ein, die bekannterweise sehr feinteilig sind und gerade nicht in grobkörniger Form eingesetzt werden. Sowohl Sprengmittelgranulate als auch restliche Bestandteile können mit diesen festen, feinteiligen Oberflächenbehandlungsmitteln nachbehandelt sein.In a further preferred embodiment, the invention provides that not only the disintegrant granules, but also the remaining constituents of the shaped body are predominantly in a particulate form of the type already specified. It is preferred that at least 50% by weight of the remaining constituents and preferably at least 70% by weight have a particle size distribution between 0.2 and 3 mm. Here, too, it is particularly true that the remaining constituents should only contain particles of a size of less than 0.2 mm in an amount of 0 to 5% by weight, it being particularly advantageous if at least 90% by weight of the other constituents contains particle sizes between 0 , 2 and 3.0 mm. Dust components should also be avoided as far as possible with the remaining components. This is achieved, for example, by the fact that the remaining constituents are in granular form and / or are combined in one or more compounds which are produced in a conventional manner, for example by spray drying, superheated steam drying, granulation / agglomeration, fluidized bed granulation, roller compaction, pelleting or extrusion can. Any fine particles of particle sizes smaller than 0.2 mm that are produced in the production of these compounds are preferably removed before mixing with the disintegrant granules. Surface treatment agents such as powdering agents, which are known to be very finely divided and are not used in coarse-grained form, are expressly excluded from the balance of the particle size distribution of the remaining constituents. Both disintegrant granules and remaining constituents can be post-treated with these solid, finely divided surface treatment agents.
Als restliche Bestandteile kommen alle üblichen Inhaltsstoffe von Wasch- oder Reinigungsmitteln, Vorbehandlungsmitteln, Bleichmitteln und Wasserenthärtern in Betracht. In erster Linie zählen hierzu anionische, nichtionische, kationische, amphotere und zwitterionische Tenside, anorganische und organische, wasserlösliche oder wasserunlösliche Builder- substanzen und Cobuilder, Bleichmittel, insbesondere Peroxybleichmittel, aber auch Aktivchlorverbindungen, welche vorteilhafterweise umhüllt sind, Bleichaktivatoren und Bleichkatalysatoren, Enzyme und Enzymstabilisatoren, Schauminhibitoren, Vergrauungsinhibitoren, Substanzen, welche das Wiederanschmutzen von Textilien verhindern, sogenannte soil re- pellents, sowie übliche anorganische Salze wie Sulfate und organische Salze wie Phospho- nate, optische Aufheller und Färb- und Duftstoffe. In maschinellen Geschirrspülmitteln ist zusätzlich der Einsatz von herkömmlichen Silberschutzmitteln empfehlenswert.All the usual ingredients of washing or cleaning agents, pretreatment agents, bleaches and water softeners can be considered as the remaining constituents. These primarily include anionic, nonionic, cationic, amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants, inorganic and organic, water-soluble or water-insoluble builder substances and cobuilders, bleaching agents, in particular peroxy bleaching agents, but also active chlorine compounds, which are advantageously coated, bleach activators and bleaching catalysts, enzymes and enzyme stabilizers , Foam inhibitors, graying inhibitors, substances which prevent re-soiling of textiles, so-called soil repellents, and customary inorganic salts such as sulfates and organic salts such as phosphonates, optical brighteners and colorants and fragrances. In machine dishwashing detergents, the use of conventional silver protection agents is also recommended.
Zu den bevorzugten anionischen Tensiden zählen sowohl solche auf petrochemischer Basis wie Alkylbenzolsulfonate und Alkansulfonate und Alkyl(ether)sulfate mit ungeraden Kettenlängen als auch solche auf nativer Basis, beispielsweise Fettalkylsulfate oder Fettal- kyl(ether)sulfate, Seifen, Sulfosuccinate etc. Besonders bevorzugt sind - gegebenenfalls in Kombination mit geringen Mengen an Seife - Alkylbenzolsulfonate und/oder verschiedene Kettenschnitte von Alkylsulfaten bzw. Alkylethersulfaten. Während bei Alkylbenzolsulfonaten C11-C13-Alkylbenzolsulfonat und C12-Alkylbenzolsulfonat bevorzugt sind, umfassen bei den Alkyl(ether)sulfaten bevorzugte Kettenschnitte C12 bis C16, C12 bis C14, C14 bis C16, C16 bis C18 oder C11 bis C15 bzw. C13 bis C15. Zu den bevorzugten nichtionischen Tensiden zählen insbesondere die mit durchschnittlich 1 bis 7 Mol EO pro Mol Alkohol ethoxylierten C12-C18-Fettalkohole und die entsprechenden C11-C17-Alkohole, insbesondere C13-C15-Alkohole, aber auch die aus dem Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittelbereich bekannten höher ethoxylierten Alkohole der angegebenen Kettenlänge, Aminoxide, Alkylpolyglykoside, Polyhydroxyfettsäureamide, Fettsäuremethylester- ethoxylate und Gemini-Tenside.The preferred anionic surfactants include both those based on petrochemicals, such as alkylbenzenesulfonates and alkanesulfonates and alkyl (ether) sulfates with odd chain lengths, and those based on native ingredients, for example fatty alkyl sulfates or fatty alkyl (ether) sulfates, soaps, sulfosuccinates etc. are particularly preferred - optionally in combination with small amounts of soap - alkylbenzenesulfonates and / or various chain cuts of alkyl sulfates or alkyl ether sulfates. While in alkylbenzenesulfonates C11-C13-alkylbenzenesulfonate and C12-alkylbenzenesulfonate are preferred, in the alkyl (ether) sulfates preferred chain cuts include C12 to C16, C12 to C14, C14 to C16, C16 to C18 or C11 to C15 or C13 to C15. The preferred nonionic surfactants include in particular the C12-C18 fatty alcohols ethoxylated with an average of 1 to 7 moles of EO per mole of alcohol and the corresponding C11-C17 alcohols, in particular C13-C15 alcohols, but also those known from the detergent or cleaning agent sector higher ethoxylated alcohols of the specified chain length, amine oxides, alkyl polyglycosides, polyhydroxy fatty acid amides, fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylates and gemini surfactants.
Als bevorzugt eingesetzte anorganische Builder kommen insbesondere herkömmliche Phosphate, mit Bevorzugung des Tripolyphosphats, Zeolithe, wobei besonders Zeolith A, Zeolith P, Zeolith X und beliebige Mischungen aus diesen eine Rolle spielen, aber auch Carbonate, Hydrogencarbonate sowie kristalline und amorphe Silikate mit Sekundärwaschvermögen in Betracht. Zu den üblichen Cobuildern zählen vor allem (co-)polymere Salze von (Poly-) Carbonsäuren, beispielsweise Copolymere der Acrylsäure und der Maleinsäure, aber auch Poly- carbonsäuren und deren Salze wie Citronensäure, Weinsäure, Glutarsäure, Bernsteinsäure, Polyasparaginsäure etc. Der Fachmann kennt die einsetzbaren organischen Cobuilder aus unzähligen Veröffentlichungen auf dem Wasch- und Reinigungsmittelgebiet.The preferred inorganic builders used are, in particular, conventional phosphates, with preference for tripolyphosphate, zeolites, zeolite A, zeolite P, zeolite X and any mixtures thereof particularly playing a role, but also carbonates, hydrogen carbonates and crystalline and amorphous silicates with secondary washing ability . The usual cobuilders include (co) polymeric salts of (poly) carboxylic acids, for example copolymers of acrylic acid and maleic acid, but also polycarboxylic acids and their salts such as citric acid, tartaric acid, glutaric acid, succinic acid, polyaspartic acid etc. The person skilled in the art knows the usable organic cobuilders from countless publications in the field of detergents and cleaning agents.
Als Bleichmittel werden vor allem die zur Zeit gängigen Peroxybieichmittel wie Perborat und Percarbonat, vor allem auch in Kombination mit den gängigen Bleichaktivatoren und Bleichkatalysatoren, insbesondere auf dem Gebiet der Geschirrspülmittel aber auch die bereits weiter oben genannten Aktivchlorverbindungen eingesetzt.The currently used peroxygen bleaching agents such as perborate and percarbonate are used as bleaching agents, especially in combination with the usual bleach activators and bleaching catalysts, especially in the field of dishwashing detergents, but also the active chlorine compounds already mentioned above.
Bei den Enzymen sind nicht nur Proteasen sondern auch Lipasen, Amylasen, Cellulasen und Peroxidasen sowie beliebige Kombinationen dieser Enzyme von besonderem Interesse.In the case of the enzymes, not only proteases but also lipases, amylases, cellulases and peroxidases as well as any combinations of these enzymes are of particular interest.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung werden Aniontensid-haltige Compounds eingesetzt, welche verschiedene Aniontenside - beispielsweise Alkylsulfate und Alkylbenzolsulfonate und/oder Seife oder aber Alkylsulfate und sulfierte Fettsäureglycerinester - und/oder Aniontenside in Kombination mit Niotensiden, beispielsweise Alkylsulfate verschiedener Kettenlänge, gegebenenfalls auch mehrere Typen von Alkylsulfaten mit verschiedenen Kettenschnitten in Kombination mit ethoxylierten Alkoholen und/oder anderen obengenannten nichtionischen Tensiden enthalten. Beispielsweise können auch anionische und nichtionische Tenside überwiegend in zwei verschiedenen Compounds untergebracht sein. In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung werden mindestens 50 Gew.- %, vorzugsweise 60 bis 100 Gew.-% der restlichen Bestandteile vor dem Vermischen mit den Sprengmittelgranulaten nachbehandelt, d.h. unter granulierenden Bedingungen besprüht oder abgepudert, wobei die wasserfreie Nachbehandlung besonders bevorzugt ist. Als bevorzugte flüssige Bestandteile können nichtionische Tenside und/oder Polyethylenglykole genannt werden. Besonders bevorzugt ist aber auch die Nachbehandlung der restlichen Bestandteile mit einer wasserfreien Schmelze von bei Raumtemperatur festen nichtionischen Verbindungen, insbesondere mit Polyethylenglykolen mit relativen Moleküimassen oberhalb von 2000, vor allem zwischen 4000 und 12000. Als Puderungsmittel kommen wie auch bei den Sprengmittelgranulaten vor allem feinteilige Zeolithe, Kieselsäuren, Sulfate, Calciumstea- rate, Phosphate und/oder Acetate in Betracht. Hierbei ist in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung darauf zu achten, daß Staubanteile und Partikel kleiner 0,2 mm vor dem Vermischen mit den Sprengmittelgranulaten möglichst vollständig abgetrennt werden. Die Anmelderin geht davon aus, daß diese an sich bekannte Maßnahme der Oberflächenbehandlung an Anlösen der Partikel in dem Formkörper vor dessen eigentlichen Zerfall verzögert und aus diesem Grund bei der Herstellung von Formkörpern in Kombination mit den Sprengmittelgranulaten einer ganz bestimmten Partikelgrößenverteilung zu den besonders hervorragenden Zerfalleigenschaften der Formkörper in der wäßrigen Flotte beiträgt.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, compounds containing anionic surfactants are used which contain various anionic surfactants - for example alkyl sulfates and alkylbenzenesulfonates and / or soap or else alkyl sulfates and sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters - and / or anionic surfactants in combination with nonionic surfactants, for example alkyl sulfates of different chain lengths, optionally also of several types of alkyl sulfates with various chain cuts in combination with ethoxylated alcohols and / or other nonionic surfactants mentioned above. For example, anionic and nonionic surfactants can also be predominantly contained in two different compounds. In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, at least 50% by weight, preferably 60 to 100% by weight, of the remaining constituents are aftertreated before being mixed with the disintegrant granules, ie sprayed or powdered under granulating conditions, the anhydrous aftertreatment being particularly preferred. Nonionic surfactants and / or polyethylene glycols can be mentioned as preferred liquid constituents. However, the aftertreatment of the remaining constituents with a water-free melt of nonionic compounds which are solid at room temperature, in particular with polyethylene glycols with relative molecular weights above 2000, in particular between 4000 and 12000, is particularly preferred. As with the disintegrant granules, finely divided zeolites in particular are used , Silicas, sulfates, calcium stearates, phosphates and / or acetates. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, care must be taken to ensure that dust components and particles smaller than 0.2 mm are removed as completely as possible before mixing with the disintegrant granules. The applicant assumes that this known measure of surface treatment delays the dissolving of the particles in the molded article before it actually disintegrates, and for this reason in the manufacture of molded articles in combination with the disintegrant granules of a very specific particle size distribution to the particularly excellent disintegration properties Shaped body in the aqueous liquor contributes.
Ebenso kann sich die Erfindung zunutze machen, daß auch Acidifizierungsmittel wie Citro- nensäure, Weinsäure oder Bernsteinsäure, aber auch saure Salze anorganischer Säuren („Hydrogensalze"), beispielsweise Bisulfate, vor allem in Kombination mit carbonathaltigen Systemen zu der Verbesserung der Zerfalleigenschaften der Formkörper beitragen kann. Im Rahmen dieser Erfindung ist dann aber vorgesehen, daß auch diese Acidifizierungsmittel in grobkörniger, insbesondere granulärer Form, welche möglichst keine Staubanteile aufweisen und in der Partikelgrößenverteilung derjenigen der Sprengmittelgranulate angepaßt sind, vorliegen. Die granulären Acidifizierungsmittel können beispielsweise in Mengen von 1 bis 10 Gew.-% in den Formkörpern enthalten sein.The invention can also take advantage of the fact that acidifying agents such as citric acid, tartaric acid or succinic acid, but also acidic salts of inorganic acids (“hydrogen salts”), for example bisulfates, in particular in combination with carbonate-containing systems, contribute to improving the disintegration properties of the moldings In the context of this invention, however, it is then provided that these acidifying agents are also present in coarse-grained, in particular granular form, which have as little dust as possible and are adapted in their particle size distribution to those of the disintegrant granules. The granular acidifying agents can be used, for example, in amounts of 1 to 10 % By weight can be contained in the moldings.
Wie bereits mehrfach oben erwähnt, weisen die erfindungsgemäßen Formkörper, insbesondere die bisher schlecht zerfallenden und schlecht löslichen Waschmittelformkörper und Bleichmittelformkörper hervorragende Zerfalleigenschaften auf. Dies kann beispielsweise unter kritischen Bedingungen in einer üblichen Haushaltswaschmaschine (Einsatz direkt in der Waschflotte mittels herkömmlicher Dosiervorrichtung, Feinwaschprogramm oder Buntwäsche, Waschtemperatur maximal 40 °C) oder in einem Becherglas bei einer Wassertemperatur von 25 °C getestet werden. Die Durchführung der entsprechenden Tests wird im Beispielteil beschrieben. Unter diesen Bedingungen zerfallen die erfindungsgemäßen Formkörper nicht nur innerhalb von 10 Minuten vollständig; die bevorzugten Ausführungsformen weisen Zerfallzeiten im Becherglastest von weniger als 3 Minuten, insbesondere von weniger als 2 Minuten auf. Besonders vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen weisen sogar Zerfallzeiten von weniger als 1 Minute auf. Zerfallzeiten von weniger als 3 Minuten im Becherglastest reichen aus, um die Waschmittelformkörper oder die Waschadditivformkörper über die Einspülkammer herkömmlicher Haushaltswaschmaschinen in die Waschflotte einspülen zu lassen. In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird deshalb ein Waschverfahren beansprucht, wobei der Formkörper über die Einspülvorrichtung der Haushaltswaschmaschine in die Waschflotte eingebracht wird. Die Lösezeiten der Formkörper in der Waschmaschine betragen vorzugsweise weniger als 8 Minuten und insbesondere weniger als 5 Minuten.As already mentioned several times above, the shaped articles according to the invention, in particular the previously poorly disintegrating and poorly soluble detergent tablets and bleach tablets, have excellent disintegration properties. This can be tested, for example, under critical conditions in a conventional household washing machine (use directly in the washing liquor using a conventional dosing device, delicates program or colored laundry, washing temperature maximum 40 ° C) or in a beaker at a water temperature of 25 ° C. The corresponding tests are carried out in Sample part described. Under these conditions, the moldings according to the invention not only completely disintegrate within 10 minutes; the preferred embodiments have disintegration times in the beaker test of less than 3 minutes, in particular less than 2 minutes. Particularly advantageous embodiments even have disintegration times of less than 1 minute. Disintegration times of less than 3 minutes in the beaker test are sufficient to allow the detergent tablets or the washing additive tablets to be rinsed into the washing liquor via the detergent dispenser of conventional household washing machines. In a further embodiment of the invention, a washing method is therefore claimed, the shaped body being introduced into the washing liquor via the induction device of the household washing machine. The dissolving times of the shaped bodies in the washing machine are preferably less than 8 minutes and in particular less than 5 minutes.
Die eigentliche Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Formkörper erfolgt zunächst durch das trockene Vermischen der Sprengmittelgranulate mit den restlichen Bestandteilen und anschließendes Informbringen, insbesondere Verpressen zu Tabletten, wobei auf herkömmliche Verfahren (beispielsweise wie in der herkömmlichen Patentliteratur zu Tablettierungen, vor allem auf dem Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittelgebiet, insbesondere wie in den obengenannten Patentanmeldungen und dem Artikel „Tablettierung: Stand der Technik", SÖFW- Journal, 122. Jahrgang, S. 1016-1021 (1996) beschrieben) zurückgegriffen werden kann. The molded articles according to the invention are actually produced first by dry mixing the disintegrant granules with the remaining constituents and then informing them, in particular pressing them into tablets, using conventional methods (for example, as in the conventional patent literature for tablets, especially in the detergent or cleaning agent field). in particular as can be used in the abovementioned patent applications and the article "Tablettierung: Stand der Technik", SÖFW-Journal, 122nd year, pp. 1016-1021 (1996)).
BeispieleExamples
Ein granuläres Waschmittelprodukt mit einer Partikelgrößenverteilung, welche zu mehr als 90 Gew.-% aus Partikeln mit einer Größe zwischen 0,2 und 2 mm bestand und außerdem staubfrei war, sowie bestehend aus 12,9 Gew.-Teilen Alkylbenzlsulfonat, 7,4 Gew.-Teilen C13-C15-Alkohol mit durchschnittlich 5 EO, 0,8 Gew.-Teilen Seife, 10,5 Gew.-Teilen Natrium- carbonat, 21 Gew.-Teilen Zeolith A, 1 ,8 Gew.-Teilen Natriumsilikat (1 :3,0), 3 Gew.-Teilen - eiens in Waschmitteln überlicherweise eingesetzten Copolymers als Cobuilder, 0,5 Gew.- Teilen Phosphonat, 16 Gew.-Teilen Perboratmonohydrat, 2,5 Gew.-Teilen Enzymgranulat, 7 Gew.-Teilen granulärem Bleichaktivator (Tetraacetylethylendiamin), 3 Gew.-Teilen Schauminhibitorgranulat auf Silikonölbasis und 8 Gew.-Teilen Wasser wurde erfindungsgemäß mit 4- Gew.-Teilen eins Sprengmittelgranulats (Arbocel®-TF-30-HG, Fa. Rettenmeier), welches ebenfalls keine Staubanteile aufwies und zu mehr als 90 Gew.-% aus Partikeln einer Größe zwischen 0,2 und 2 mm bestand, vermischt und anschließend zu einer Tablette T1 verpreßt. Als Pressentyp wurde Korsch EK4 verwendet; die erhaltene Tablette wies einen Durchmesser von 44 mm, eine Höhe von 20 mm und ein Gewicht von 40 g pro Stück auf.A granular detergent product with a particle size distribution which consisted of more than 90 wt .-% of particles with a size between 0.2 and 2 mm and was also dust-free, and consisting of 12.9 parts by weight of alkyl benzene sulfonate, 7.4 wt . Parts of C 13 -C 15 alcohol with an average of 5 EO, 0.8 parts by weight of soap, 10.5 parts by weight of sodium carbonate, 21 parts by weight of zeolite A, 1.8 parts by weight Sodium silicate (1: 3.0), 3 parts by weight - a copolymer usually used in detergents as a cobuilder, 0.5 part by weight phosphonate, 16 parts by weight perborate monohydrate, 2.5 parts by weight enzyme granulate, 7 Parts by weight of granular bleach activator (tetraacetylethylene diamine), 3 parts by weight of foam inhibitor granules based on silicone oil and 8 parts by weight of water were mixed according to the invention with 4 parts by weight of an explosive granulate (Arbocel®-TF-30-HG, from Rettenmeier) , which also had no dust content and more than 90% by weight of particles with a size between 0 , 2 and 2 mm existed, mixed and then compressed to a tablet T1. Korsch EK4 was used as the press type; the tablet obtained had a diameter of 44 mm, a height of 20 mm and a weight of 40 g each.
Zum Vergleich wurde eine Tablette V1 gleicher Größe mit gleichem Gewicht hergestellt, die statt des obengenannten Sprengmittelgranulats 4 Gew. -Teile mikrokristalliner Cellulose (Avicel®-PH-102, Firma FMC, mittlere Teilchengröße 100 μm) enthielt.For comparison, a tablet V1 of the same size with the same weight was produced, which contained 4 parts by weight of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel®-PH-102, FMC, average particle size 100 μm) instead of the above-mentioned disintegrant granules.
Die Härte der Tabletten wurde durch Verformung der Tablette bis zum Bruch gemessen, wobei die Kraft auf die Seitenflächen der Tablette einwirkte und die maximale Kraft, der die Tablette standhielt, ermittelt wurde.The hardness of the tablets was measured by deforming the tablet to fracture, the force acting on the side surfaces of the tablet and the maximum force that the tablet was able to withstand.
Zur Bestimmung des Tablettenzerfalls wurde die Tablette in ein Becherglas mit Wasser (Düsseldorfer Stadtwasser, 16 °dH) gelegt (600ml Wasser, Temperatur 30°C) und die Zeit bis zum vollständigen Tablettenzer all ohne mechanische Einwirkung gemessen.To determine the tablet disintegration, the tablet was placed in a beaker with water (Düsseldorf city water, 16 ° dH) (600 ml of water, temperature 30 ° C) and the time until the tablet was completely broken was measured without any mechanical action.
Die experimentellen Daten zeigt Tabelle 1 : Tabelle 1 : Waschmitteltabletten [physikalische Daten]The experimental data are shown in Table 1: Table 1: Detergent tablets [physical data]

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Wasch- oder reinigungsaktiver Formkörper, enthaltend mindestens ein Sprengmittel, das in der Lage ist, die Porosität bzw. Kapillarität von Formkörpern, insbesondere von Tabletten, zu erhöhen und ein hohes Adsorptionsvermögen für Wasser besitzt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dieses Sprengmittel in granulärer und gegebenenfalls in cogranulierter Form in dem Formkörper vorliegt, das Sprengmittelgranulat das Sprengmittel oder die Sprengmittel zu mindestens 20 Gew.-% enthält und die Partikelgrößenverteilung (Siebanalyse) derart gestaltet ist, daß maximal 1 Gew.-% an Staubanteilen vorliegen und insgesamt weniger als 10 Gew.-% der Sprengmittelgranulate kleiner als 0,2 mm sind und mindestens 50 Gew.-% der restlichen Bestandteile der Formkörper eine Partikelgröße zwischen 0,2 und 3 mm aufweisen.1. washing or cleaning-active molded article containing at least one disintegrant which is able to increase the porosity or capillarity of molded articles, in particular tablets, and has a high adsorption capacity for water, characterized in that this disintegrant in granular and optionally present in cogranulated form in the shaped body, the disintegrant granulate contains the disintegrant or the disintegrants to at least 20% by weight and the particle size distribution (sieve analysis) is designed such that a maximum of 1% by weight of dust components are present and a total of less than 10% by weight % of the disintegrant granules are smaller than 0.2 mm and at least 50% by weight of the remaining constituents of the shaped bodies have a particle size between 0.2 and 3 mm.
2. Mittel nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet daß das Sprengmittelgranulat das oder die Sprengmittel in Mengen von 25 bis 100 Gew.-% enthält.2. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the disintegrant granules contain the disintegrant (s) in amounts of 25 to 100% by weight.
3. Mittel, insbesondere Tablette nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens 90 Gew.-% der Sprengmittelgranulate eine Partikelgröße von mindestens 0,2 mm und maximal 3 mm aufweisen.3. Agent, in particular tablet according to claim 1, characterized in that at least 90 wt .-% of the disintegrant granules have a particle size of at least 0.2 mm and a maximum of 3 mm.
4. Mittel nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Anteil der Sprengmittelgranulate mit einer Partikelgröße kleiner 0,2 mm auf 0 bis 5 Gew.-% minimiert ist, wobei es bevorzugt ist, daß mindestens 90 Gew.-% der Sprengmittelgranulate eine Partikelgröße von mindestens 0,3 mm und maximal 1 ,6 mm aufweisen.4. Composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the proportion of disintegrant granules with a particle size smaller than 0.2 mm is minimized to 0 to 5 wt .-%, it being preferred that at least 90 wt .-% of the disintegrant granules have a particle size of at least 0.3 mm and a maximum of 1.6 mm.
5. Mittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Sprengmittelgranulat das oder die Sprengmittel in Mengen von 50 bis 100 Gew.-%, insbesondere von mindestens 70 Gew.-% enthält.5. Composition according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the disintegrant granules contain the disintegrant or disintegrants in amounts of 50 to 100% by weight, in particular at least 70% by weight.
6. Mittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Sprengmittelgranulat in cogranulierter Form vorliegt und der Gehalt des oder der Sprengmittel in dem Sprengmittelgranulat mehr als 20 Gew.-% und weniger als 70 Gew.-% beträgt.6. Composition according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the disintegrant granules are present in cogranulated form and the content of the disintegrant or disintegrants in the disintegrant granules is more than 20% by weight and less than 70% by weight.
7. Mittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es Sprengmittelgranulate in Mengen von 1 bis 25 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise von 2 bis 15 Gew.-% enthält, wobei Mengen bis 10 Gew.-% besonders bevorzugt sind. 7. Composition according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it contains disintegrant granules in quantities of 1 to 25% by weight, preferably 2 to 15% by weight, quantities up to 10% by weight being particularly preferred .
8. Mittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens 70 Gew.-% der restlichen Bestandteile der Formkörper eine Partikelgröße zwischen 0,2 und 3 mm aufweisen.8. Composition according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at least 70 wt .-% of the remaining constituents of the shaped bodies have a particle size between 0.2 and 3 mm.
9. Mittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es Zerfallszeiten im Becherglastest (Wassertemperatur 25 °C) von weniger als 3 Minuten, insbesondere von weniger als 2 Minuten aufweist und Lösezeiten in der Waschmaschine von weniger als 8 Minuten, insbesondere von weniger als 5 Minuten aufweist.9. Composition according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it has disintegration times in the beaker test (water temperature 25 ° C) of less than 3 minutes, in particular less than 2 minutes, and dissolving times in the washing machine of less than 8 minutes, in particular less than 5 minutes.
10. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines wasch- oder reinigungsaktiven Formkörpers, enthaltend mindestens ein Sprengmittel, das in der Lage ist, die Porosität bzw. die Kapillarität von Formkörpern, insbesondere von Tabletten, zu erhöhen und ein hohes Adsorptionsvermögen für Wasser besitzt, wobei dieses Sprengmittel in granulärer oder in cogranulierter Form in dem Formkörper vorliegt, das Sprengmittelgranulat das Sprengmittel oder die Sprengmittel zu mindestens 20 Gew.-% enthält und die Partikelgrößenverteilung (Siebanalyse) derart gestaltet ist, daß maximal 1 Gew.-% an Staubanteilen vorliegen und weniger als 10 Gew.-% der Sprengmittelgranulate kleiner als 0,2 mm sind und mindestens 50 Gew.-% der restlichen Bestandteile der Formkörper eine Partikelgröße zwischen 0,2 und 3 mm aufweisen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zunächst das trockene Vermischen der Sprengmittelgranulate mit den restlichen Bestandteilen und anschließend das Inform- bringen, insbesondere Verpressen zu Tabletten, erfolgt.10. A process for the production of a washing or cleaning-active molded article containing at least one disintegrant which is able to increase the porosity or capillarity of molded articles, in particular tablets, and has a high adsorption capacity for water, this disintegrant being in is present in granular or cogranulated form in the shaped body, the disintegrant granules contain the disintegrant or the disintegrants to at least 20% by weight and the particle size distribution (sieve analysis) is designed such that a maximum of 1% by weight of dust components are present and less than 10% by weight .-% of the disintegrant granules are smaller than 0.2 mm and at least 50% by weight of the remaining constituents of the shaped bodies have a particle size between 0.2 and 3 mm, characterized in that first the dry mixing of the disintegrant granules with the remaining constituents and then bring the information, especially pressing to the table tten, is done.
11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens 70 Gew.-% der restlichen Bestandteile der Formkörper eine Partikelgröße zwischen 0,2 und 3 mm aufweisen.11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that at least 70 wt .-% of the remaining constituents of the shaped bodies have a particle size between 0.2 and 3 mm.
12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die restlichen Bestandteile in granulärer Form vorliegen und/oder in einem Compound oder mehreren Compounds zusammengefaßt werden.12. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the remaining constituents are in granular form and / or are combined in one compound or several compounds.
13. Verwendung eines Sprengmittels, das in der Lage ist, die Porosität bzw. die Kapillarität von Formkörpern, insbesondere von Tabletten, zu erhöhen und ein hohes Adsorptionsvermögen für Wasser besitzt, in granulärer oder in cogranulierter Form in wasch- oder reinigungsaktiven Formkörpem, wobei das Sprengmittelgranulat das Sprengmittel oder die Sprengmittel zu mindestens 20 Gew.-% enthält und die Partikelgrößenverteilung (Siebanalyse) derart gestaltet ist, daß maximal 1 Gew.-% an Staubanteilen vorliegen und weniger als 10 Gew.-% der Sprengmittelgranulate kleiner als 0,2 mm sind.13.Use of a disintegrant which is able to increase the porosity or capillarity of moldings, in particular tablets, and has a high adsorption capacity for water, in granular or in cogranulated form in washing or cleaning-active moldings, the Disintegrant granules containing the disintegrant or disintegrants to at least 20 wt .-% and the particle size distribution (Sieve analysis) is designed in such a way that a maximum of 1% by weight of dust is present and less than 10% by weight of the disintegrant granules are smaller than 0.2 mm.
14. Verwendung eines Waschmittelformkörpers nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9 in Haushaltswaschmaschinen.14. Use of a detergent tablet according to one of claims 1 to 9 in household washing machines.
15. Waschverfahren unter Verwendung eines Formkörpers nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Formkörper über die Einspülvorrichtung der Haushaltswaschmaschine in die Waschflotte eingebracht wird. 15. Washing method using a shaped body according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the shaped body is introduced into the washing liquor via the induction device of the household washing machine.
EP98912437A 1997-03-13 1998-03-04 Household detergent or cleaning action shaped bodies Revoked EP0966518B1 (en)

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DE19710254A DE19710254A1 (en) 1997-03-13 1997-03-13 Shaped or active cleaning moldings for household use
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PCT/EP1998/001203 WO1998040463A1 (en) 1997-03-13 1998-03-04 Household detergent or cleaning action shaped bodies

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DE19710254A1 (en) 1998-09-17
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US6506720B1 (en) 2003-01-14
RU2200756C2 (en) 2003-03-20
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HUP0004864A2 (en) 2001-08-28
ES2166155T3 (en) 2002-04-01
WO1998040463A1 (en) 1998-09-17
HK1025991A1 (en) 2000-12-01
CN1250474A (en) 2000-04-12
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ATE207529T1 (en) 2001-11-15
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USRE39139E1 (en) 2006-06-20
PL188853B1 (en) 2005-05-31
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CN1216976C (en) 2005-08-31
CZ9903238A3 (en) 2000-12-13

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