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EP0954722A1 - Water-cooled firing grate - Google Patents

Water-cooled firing grate

Info

Publication number
EP0954722A1
EP0954722A1 EP97913176A EP97913176A EP0954722A1 EP 0954722 A1 EP0954722 A1 EP 0954722A1 EP 97913176 A EP97913176 A EP 97913176A EP 97913176 A EP97913176 A EP 97913176A EP 0954722 A1 EP0954722 A1 EP 0954722A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grate
combustion
bars
pieces
inlet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97913176A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0954722B1 (en
Inventor
Emil Zurl
Jaroslav Aubrecht
Anton Esser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Doosan Lentjes GmbH
Original Assignee
Metallgesellschaft AG
MG Technologies AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Metallgesellschaft AG, MG Technologies AG filed Critical Metallgesellschaft AG
Publication of EP0954722A1 publication Critical patent/EP0954722A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0954722B1 publication Critical patent/EP0954722B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H3/00—Grates with hollow bars
    • F23H3/02—Grates with hollow bars internally cooled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H1/00—Grates with solid bars
    • F23H1/02—Grates with solid bars having provision for air supply or air preheating, e.g. air-supply or blast fittings which form a part of the grate structure or serve as supports
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H17/00—Details of grates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H7/00—Inclined or stepped grates
    • F23H7/06—Inclined or stepped grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding
    • F23H7/08—Inclined or stepped grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding reciprocating along their axes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H2900/00—Special features of combustion grates
    • F23H2900/03021—Liquid cooled grates

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a combustion grate cooled with water.
  • Solid particulate fuels such as coal, peat, wood waste and garbage, can be burned in a grate to generate steam and, if necessary, to remove waste.
  • the grate is either horizontal or slanted in the combustion chamber.
  • the grate consists of grate bars or grate plates, in or between which grate slots are arranged. Fixed and movable gratings are known. In the case of the movable grates, the grate bars or plates are arranged on routing rollers, or they form an endless, moving belt, or they are moved by vibration.
  • the fuel is given to the grate in the form of a layer.
  • the fuel is under the influence of gravity and / or the vibration of the grate bars or the rotation of the grate rollers or the speed of migration of the grate belt transported through the combustion chamber, where it burns with the combustion air.
  • the combustion air is fed to the fuel layer from below through the grate slots (primary air), it being possible to supply part of the combustion air to the fuel layer from above (secondary air).
  • the temperature on the surface of the grate bars and plates can reach between 650 and 950 ° C. during combustion and in particular during ignition, so that cooling of the grate is necessary, which is normally done by the combustion air.
  • combustion grates are also known which are cooled with water.
  • a small part of the ash formed during combustion falls through the grate slots or through the spaces between the individual grate bar groups and is collected in ash funnels.
  • the majority of the ash is thrown off at the end of the grate.
  • ash removal is carried out periodically, for example by shaking the grate bars or plates.
  • a water-cooled hollow grate with interchangeable rods in which the hollow grate rods have recesses at their ends, in which the connecting pieces provided with flow channels and the connecting pieces provided with pipe connections are fastened by pressing devices.
  • the connectors generally connect two grate bars in such a way that the whole grate forms a continuous coil of tubes.
  • the coolant flow can vary depending on the arrangement of the connectors provided with pipe connections can be designed as desired, and each individual grate bar can be replaced after loosening only two connectors.
  • This construction has the disadvantage that the connecting pieces and abutments are partially in the immediate vicinity of the combustion chamber and are therefore subject to constant wear. In addition, due to the large spacing of the grate bars, a slight air-side grate resistance is generated, which adversely affects the course of the combustion.
  • a hollow grate with water circulation which has additional air channels which distribute the combustion air over the grate surface, the additional air channels being formed by the jacket of a water chamber which projects over the entire length of the grate and below the widened head of the water chamber open into the firebox.
  • the cooling medium water flows through the hollow grate bars of the known grate, the grate slots forming incisions in the grate bar around which the water located in the hollow bars runs.
  • the circulating water is connected to a feed water vessel through a corresponding pipe.
  • DE-AS 1 053 131 discloses a firing grate with divided grate bars which flowed through by the water Rest pipes, between which they are inserted from above and against which they are pressed with a recess corresponding to the pipe profile.
  • This furnace grate has the disadvantage that it is technically complex; it can be carried out in a technically simpler manner using jacket pipe walls.
  • Thrust combustion grate module for burning waste in large plants which has several grate stages movable against each other and a primary air supply, its load-bearing elements and its grate consist of sheet metal hollow bodies through which a liquid cooling medium flows when installed.
  • the individual grate levels each consist of a hollow grate plate, the length of which is intended to extend over the entire width of the combustion grate to be created.
  • the grate plate is hollow on the inside and has at least one connection piece and one discharge piece for the supply and discharge of the cooling medium.
  • a pipe extends below the grate over the entire length of the grate, which serves as a cooling water supply and from which hose connections lead to each grate plate or grate stage or its cooling chambers, and hose connections are present which act as separate cooling water returns from each grate plate or Return the grate or its cooling chambers to the controls for the coolant control.
  • the primary air is supplied through holes that penetrate the grate plates.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a water-cooled combustion grate, which allows a high thermal load of 0.9 to 1.1 MW / m 2 grate area, has little wear and requires little maintenance.
  • a water-cooled combustion grate which consists of a plurality of grate bar blocks which extend over the grate width and which are each composed of a plurality of grate bars and in which each grate bar has a meandering channel and a number of milled-in grate slots in its interior, in which the grate bars are further connected to one another by screwable connecting pieces in such a way that a grate slot is formed between two grate bars, in which a connecting channel runs in the interior of the connecting pieces, which connects the meandering channels of two grate bars and in which the grate bars positioned on the grate limitation can be screwed together - And have outlet pieces through which the liquid cooling medium water is supplied and removed.
  • the temperature on the grate bar surface is 90 to 110 ° C. This results in a reduction in wear on the grate and a high thermal load capacity of 0.9 to 1.1 MW / m 2 grate area. This has the consequence that the grate according to the invention can be built about 30% smaller than the known air-cooled grates with the same thermal output.
  • the meandering design of the channels arranged in the interior of the grate bars, in which the cooling medium flows, and the connecting, inlet and outlet pieces to be used according to the invention advantageously cooperate in such a way that the supply and removal of the cooling medium only from the grate limitation he follows; the individual grate bar blocks or several grate bar blocks can thus be supplied with the cooling medium by the grate limitation, which increases operational reliability.
  • the connecting pieces advantageously cause grate slots to form between the individual grate bars, which make up a grate bar block, and do not change their width during operation.
  • the connecting, inlet and outlet pieces grip around a grate support and are screwed to it and in which the meandering channels of the grate bars are connected to one another via the connecting channels of the connecting pieces.
  • This increases the dimensional accuracy of the grate bar blocks and the operational safety of the combustion grate.
  • the individual grate bar blocks are movable over the grate bar supports and / or that the combustion grate has an inclination angle of 8 to 11 °.
  • the mobility of the grate bar blocks does not reduce the operational safety of the combustion grate designed in accordance with the invention.
  • the combustion grate according to the invention can be designed, for example, as an inclined counter-running grate or as an inclined feed grate or as a horizontally arranged feed grate.
  • the grate slots have a width of 1 to 1.5 mm. This width of the grate slots guarantees that the fuel on the grate does not fall through the slots and that sufficient combustion air gets into the fuel layer.
  • the grate slots that exist between two grate bars do not change in width during operation, because the connecting pieces fix the individual grate bars so that a grate slot width of 1 to 1.5 mm is reliably maintained.
  • connections between the grate bars and the connecting pieces or the inlet and outlet pieces are sealed by a flush grinding of the contact surfaces of the workpieces and by graphite seals.
  • the interaction of the flush-ground contact surfaces of the workpieces with the graphite seals and with the screw connections of the individual workpieces provided according to the invention makes one absolute Reliable sealing of the cooling system is achieved, so that the operational safety of the combustion grate is guaranteed even during a long period of operation.
  • the grate bars are placed on the connecting, inlet and outlet pieces and are screwed to the connecting, inlet and outlet pieces by vertical screws.
  • the large contact surface and the screw connection ensure a good fixation of all workpieces and a secure seal of the cooling system.
  • the combustion grate according to the invention is followed by a horizontal, air-cooled combustion grate known per se. In this way, a high burnout of the fuel is advantageously achieved, although the thermal load capacity of the air-cooled combustion grate is only 0.5 to 0.8 MW / m 2 grate area.
  • the combustion grate according to the invention is followed by a second, horizontal, water-cooled combustion grate according to the invention, by means of which a high fuel burnout is achieved with a high thermal load capacity of the grate.
  • the afterburning can be improved according to the invention in that nozzles are arranged at the beginning of the second water-compatible air-cooled or water-cooled combustion grate, via which pulsed combustion air into the Combustion chamber is introduced, the pulsed air can also be preheated.
  • the horizontal, air-cooled combustion grate connected downstream of the combustion grate according to the invention has connecting and end pieces which have no connecting channels, but are otherwise designed in accordance with the connecting, inlet and outlet pieces.
  • Figure 1 shows a combustion grate according to the invention, which is followed by a horizontal, air-cooled combustion grate.
  • Figure 2 illustrates the structure of a grate bar block.
  • Figure 3 shows the connection between the grate bar block and grate bar support in detail.
  • the arrangement shown in Figure 1 consists of a combustion grate (1) according to the invention and a downstream, air-cooled, known combustion grate (2).
  • the combustion grate (1) has an inclination angle of 10 ° and is designed in its front part as a counter-rotating grate and in its rear part as a feed grate, these two constructions being part of the known prior art and working with movable grate bar blocks (3).
  • Both parts of the combustion grate (1) have a length of approx. 3.5 m and a width of 3 m. However, these dimensions can also be smaller or larger. The width can be varied according to the mass flow of the fuel.
  • the air-cooled The combustion grate (2) is arranged horizontally and has a length of approx.
  • the width of the air-cooled grates can also be varied in accordance with the mass flow of the fuel.
  • the combustion grate (1) is operated with an average thermal load of 0.94 MW / m 2
  • the air-cooled combustion grate (2) operates with a thermal load of 0.64 MW / m 2 .
  • the ash particles falling through the combustion grates (1) and (2) are collected in the ash funnels (4a), (4b) and (4c) and this ash is fed to the ash discharge (5), in which the ashes from the end of the combustion grate are also fed (2) is dropped. Waste is supplied to the arrangement shown in FIG. 1 via the allocation device (6).
  • the combustion air is introduced into the fuel layer from below via the ash funnels (4a, 4b, 4c) through the grids (1, 2).
  • the combustion grate (1) is operated with an average air ratio of approx. 1.1.
  • nozzles (not shown) are arranged in the drawing, via which pulsed, hot combustion air is introduced into the combustion chamber can.
  • the temperature in the combustion chamber i.e. above the fuel layer, is between 1100 and 950 ° C.
  • the temperature in the fuel layer is 700 to 800 ° C.
  • Combustion grate (1) has a temperature of 90 to 110 ° C due to water cooling. A temperature of 400 to 600 ° C prevails on the surface of the grate bar blocks of the combustion grate (2). It is obvious that the The combustion grate according to the invention cannot be designed as a roller grate or traveling grate, since in these constructions the cooling provided according to the invention cannot be realized with economically justifiable effort. It is possible to enter combustion air in the combustion chamber above the combustion grate (1). By introducing the combustion air into the combustion chamber, that is above the fuel layer, in particular an optimal combustion of the gaseous components emerging from the fuel is achieved. The combustion air which is introduced into the combustion chamber via the nozzles arranged on the grate stage (7) also promotes the combustion of the gaseous fuel components and the afterburning of the fuel.
  • the grate bar block (3) shown schematically in FIG. 2 consists of several grate bars (8a), (8b) and (8c).
  • the grate bars (8) have a length of 400 to 600 mm and a width of 400 to 700 mm.
  • the grate bar blocks (3) are arranged within the grate limitation (9a), (9b).
  • a meandering channel (10) is arranged in the interior of each grate bar (8) and has, for example, a diameter of 20 mm and in which the cooling medium water flows. The amount of cooling water is measured so that it has a temperature of 60 to 95 ° C after passing through one or more grate bar blocks (3); No steam is generated during the cooling process.
  • a plurality of grate slots (11) of the same length, width and shape are milled into the grate bars (8), the width of the grate slots (11) being 1 to 1.5 mm.
  • the fuel layer from below Combustion air supplied Through the rust slots (11) the fuel layer from below Combustion air supplied.
  • Each grate bar (8) has an inlet opening (12a) and an outlet opening for the cooling water
  • the cooling water is fed to the grate bar block (3) from the outside via the line (13) and passes through the line
  • inlet and outlet pieces (15a), (15b) are placed, which are connected to the grate bars (8a) and (8c). are screwed.
  • the lines (13) and (14) open into the inlet and outlet pieces (15a), (15b).
  • the grate bars (8a) and (8c) are connected to the grate bar (8b) by connecting pieces (16) placed on them and firmly positioned.
  • the connecting pieces (16) are screwed to the grate bars (8). All screws (20) used are led to the support surfaces at an angle of 90 °, ie, perpendicularly.
  • a connecting channel (17) through which the cooling water passes from one grate bar to the other.
  • the surfaces of the inlet and outlet pieces (15a), (15b) and the connecting pieces (16) resting on the grate bars (8) as well as the corresponding mating surfaces of the grate bars (8) are provided with a ground joint, which means that in cooperation with the screw connection high degree of tightness of the cooling system can be achieved.
  • the transition between the grate bars (8) and the connecting, inlet and outlet pieces is sealed by a graphite seal (21), so that ultimately a very reliable, durable and robust seal of the cooling system is achieved.
  • the individual grate bars (8) are so against each other by the connecting pieces (16) positioned that a rust slot (18) is formed between them, the width of which is also 1 to 1.5 mm.
  • the fixing of the grate bars (8) achieved with the connecting pieces (16) is so stable that the width of the grate slots (18) does not change during operation. It has been shown that the connection of the grate bars (8) by the connecting pieces (16) alone is sufficient to ensure the dimensional accuracy of the grate bar blocks (3).
  • the connection of the Ros rod block (3) consisting of several grate bars (8a, 8b, 8c) to the drive elements of the combustion grate is established via the grate bar support (19).
  • the inlet and outlet pieces (15a, 15b) and the connecting pieces (16) are firmly connected to the grate bar support (19). According to FIG. 3, this can be achieved in that the inlet and outlet pieces (15a, 15b) and the connecting pieces (16) grip around the grate bar support (19) flush and are screwed to both the grate bars (8) and the grate bar support (19) are.
  • the generally movable grate bar support (19) thus moves the grate bar block (3) via the inlet and outlet pieces (15a, 15b) acting as claws and the connecting pieces (16) and drives it.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/EP97/05893 Sec. 371 Date May 12, 1999 Sec. 102(e) Date May 12, 1999 PCT Filed Oct. 24, 1997 PCT Pub. No. WO98/25079 PCT Pub. Date Jun. 11, 1998A water-cooled firing grate made up of grate bar blocks extending over the width of the grate and each having a plurality of grate bars mounted on a grate bar carrier and interconnected by connecting pieces communicating between meandering shaped channels in the grate bar and a pair of end pieces forming an inlet and an outlet at the outer boundaries of the block and connected to an inlet and an outlet for the cooling water. The pieces are so fixed to the bars that they maintain a clearance between the bars of 1 to 1.5 mm.

Description

Mit Wasser gekühlter VerbrennungsrostCombustion grate cooled with water
Beschreibungdescription
Die Erfindung betrifft einen mit Wasser gekühlten Verbrennungsrost .The invention relates to a combustion grate cooled with water.
Feste stückige Brennstoffe, zum Beispiel Kohle, Torf, Holzabfälle und Müll, können in einer Rostfeuerung verbrannt werden, um Dampf zu erzeugen und um gegebenenfalls Abfälle zu beseitigen. Der Rost ist im Verbrennungsraum entweder waagerecht oder schräg angeordnet . Der Rost besteht aus Roststäben oder Rostplatten, in bzw. zwischen denen Rostschlitze angeordnet sind. Es sind feststehende und bewegbare Roste bekannt . Bei den bewegbaren Rosten sind die Roststäbe oder -platten auf routierenden Walzen angeordnet, oder sie bilden ein endloses, bewegtes Band, oder sie werden durch Vibration bewegt . Der Brennstoff wird dem Rost in Form einer Schicht aufgegeben. Bei den bewegten Rosten wird der Brennstoff unter dem Einfluß der Schwerkraft und/oder der Vibration der Roststäbe bzw. der Rotation der Rostwalzen bzw. der Wanderungsgeschwindigkeit des Rostbandes durch den Verbrennungsraum transportiert, wobei er mit der Verbrennungεluft verbrennt . Die Verbrennungsluft wird der Brennstoffschicht von unten durch die Rostschlitze zugeführt (Primärluft) , wobei es möglich ist, der Brennstoffschicht einen Teil der Verbrennungsluft auch von oben zuzuführen (Sekundärluft) . Die Temperatur kann an der Oberfläche der Roststäbe und -platten während der Verbrennung und insbesondere während der Zündung Werte zwischen 650 und 950°C erreichen, so daß eine Kühlung des Rostes erforderlich ist, was normalerweise durch die Verbrennungsluft erfolgt. Es sind aber auch Verbrennungsroste bekannt, die mit Wasser gekühlt werden. Ein geringer Teil der bei der Verbrennung gebildeten Asche fällt durch die Rostschlitze bzw. durch die Zwischenräume zwischen den einzelnen Roststabgruppen hindurch und wird in Aschetrichtern gesammelt. Bei den schrägen und/oder den bewegbaren Rosten wird der überwiegende Teil der Asche am Rostende abgeworfen. Bei den feststehenden, waagerechten Rosten erfolgt die Entaschung periodisch z.B. durch Rütteln der Roststäbe oder -platten.Solid particulate fuels, such as coal, peat, wood waste and garbage, can be burned in a grate to generate steam and, if necessary, to remove waste. The grate is either horizontal or slanted in the combustion chamber. The grate consists of grate bars or grate plates, in or between which grate slots are arranged. Fixed and movable gratings are known. In the case of the movable grates, the grate bars or plates are arranged on routing rollers, or they form an endless, moving belt, or they are moved by vibration. The fuel is given to the grate in the form of a layer. In the case of the moving grates, the fuel is under the influence of gravity and / or the vibration of the grate bars or the rotation of the grate rollers or the speed of migration of the grate belt transported through the combustion chamber, where it burns with the combustion air. The combustion air is fed to the fuel layer from below through the grate slots (primary air), it being possible to supply part of the combustion air to the fuel layer from above (secondary air). The temperature on the surface of the grate bars and plates can reach between 650 and 950 ° C. during combustion and in particular during ignition, so that cooling of the grate is necessary, which is normally done by the combustion air. However, combustion grates are also known which are cooled with water. A small part of the ash formed during combustion falls through the grate slots or through the spaces between the individual grate bar groups and is collected in ash funnels. In the case of the sloping and / or movable grates, the majority of the ash is thrown off at the end of the grate. In the case of fixed, horizontal grates, ash removal is carried out periodically, for example by shaking the grate bars or plates.
Aus der DE-PS 312 287 ist ein mit Wasser gekühlter Hohlrost mit auswechselbaren Stäben bekannt, bei dem die Hohlroststäbe an ihren Enden Aussparungen aufweisen, in denen die mit Durchströmkanälen versehenen Verbindungsstücke sowie die mit Rohranschlüssen versehenen Verbindungsstücke durch Andrückvorrichtungen befestigt werden. Die Verbindungsstücke verbinden im allgemeinen zwei RostStäbe in der Weise, daß der ganze Rost gewissermaßen eine fortlaufende Rohrschlange bildet. Der Kühlmitteldurchfluß kann dabei je nach Anordnung der mit Rohranschlüssen versehenen Verbindungsstücke beliebig gestaltet werden, und jeder einzelne Roststab kann nach dem Lösen nur zweier Verbindungsstücke ausgewechselt werden. Diese Konstruktion hat den Nachteil, daß sich die Verbindungsstücke und Widerlager teilweise in ummittelbarer Nähe des Feuerraums befinden und daher einem ständigen Verschleiß unterliegen. Außerdem wird durch den großen Abstand der Roststäbe ein geringer luftseitiger Rostwiderstand erzeugt, der den Verbrennungsverlauf nachteilig beeinflußt.From DE-PS 312 287 a water-cooled hollow grate with interchangeable rods is known, in which the hollow grate rods have recesses at their ends, in which the connecting pieces provided with flow channels and the connecting pieces provided with pipe connections are fastened by pressing devices. The connectors generally connect two grate bars in such a way that the whole grate forms a continuous coil of tubes. The coolant flow can vary depending on the arrangement of the connectors provided with pipe connections can be designed as desired, and each individual grate bar can be replaced after loosening only two connectors. This construction has the disadvantage that the connecting pieces and abutments are partially in the immediate vicinity of the combustion chamber and are therefore subject to constant wear. In addition, due to the large spacing of the grate bars, a slight air-side grate resistance is generated, which adversely affects the course of the combustion.
Aus der DE-PS 340 602 ist ein Hohlrost mit Wasserumlauf bekannt, der Zusatzluftkanäle aufweist, die die Verbrennungsluft über die Rostfläche verteilen, wobei die Zuεatzluftkanäle durch den Mantel einer den Rost auf seiner ganzen Länge überragenden Wasserkammer gebildet werden und unterhalb des verbreiterten Kopfes der Wasserkammer in den Feuerraum münden. Das Kühlmedium Wasser fließt durch die Hohlroststäbe des bekannten Rostes, wobei die Rostschlitze Einschnitte im Roststab bilden, um die das in den Hohlstäben befindliche Wasser herumläuft. Das Umlaufwasser wird durch eine entsprechende Leitung mit einem Speisewassergefäß verbunden. Durch Erwärmung des im Hohlrost umlaufenden Wassers wird der Rost geschützt und zugleich die Wasserkühlung des Rostes für die Erwärmung des Speisewassers nutzbar gemacht. Dieser bekannte Verbrennungsrost hat den Nachteil, daß er stationär ist und nur mit aschearmen Brennstoffen betrieben werden kann.From DE-PS 340 602 a hollow grate with water circulation is known, which has additional air channels which distribute the combustion air over the grate surface, the additional air channels being formed by the jacket of a water chamber which projects over the entire length of the grate and below the widened head of the water chamber open into the firebox. The cooling medium water flows through the hollow grate bars of the known grate, the grate slots forming incisions in the grate bar around which the water located in the hollow bars runs. The circulating water is connected to a feed water vessel through a corresponding pipe. By heating the water circulating in the hollow grate, the grate is protected and, at the same time, the water cooling of the grate can be used for heating the feed water. This known combustion grate has the disadvantage that it is stationary and can only be operated with low-ash fuels.
Die DE-AS 1 053 131 offenbart einen Feuerungsrost mit unterteilten RostStäben, die auf vom Wasser durchströmten Rohren ruhen, zwischen die sie von oben eingesetzt und gegen die sie mit einer dem Rohrprofil entsprechenden Ausnehmung angepreßt werden. Dieser Feuerungsrost hat den Nachteil, daß er technisch aufwendig konstruiert ist; er kann technisch einfacher unter Verwendung von Mantelrohrwänden ausgeführt werden .DE-AS 1 053 131 discloses a firing grate with divided grate bars which flowed through by the water Rest pipes, between which they are inserted from above and against which they are pressed with a recess corresponding to the pipe profile. This furnace grate has the disadvantage that it is technically complex; it can be carried out in a technically simpler manner using jacket pipe walls.
Schließlich ist aus der WO 95/18333 einFinally, from WO 95/18333
Schub-Verbrennungsrost-Modul zum Verbrennen von Abfällen in Großanlagen bekannt, das mehrere gegeneinander bewegliche Roststufen sowie eine Primärluftzufuhr aufweist, wobei seine tragenden Elemente sowie sein Rost aus Blech-Hohlkörpern bestehen, die im eingebauten Zustand von einem flüssigen Kühlmedium durchströmt sind. Die einzelnen Roststufen bestehen aus je einer hohlen Rostplatte, wobei deren Länge dazu bestimmt ist, sich über die ganze Breite des zu erstellenden Verbrennungsrostes zu erstrecken. Die Rostplatte ist innen hohl und weist mindestens einen Anschlußstutzen und einen Abführstutzen für die Zu- und Abfuhr des Kühlmediums auf. Es ist vorgesehen, daß sich unterhalb des Rostes ein Rohr über die ganze Rostlänge erstreckt, welches als Kühlwasservorlauf dient und von dem Schlauchverbindungen zu jeder Rostplatte bzw. Roststufe oder deren Kühlkammern führen, sowie das Schlauchverbindungen vorhanden sind, die als getrennte Kühlwasserrückläufe von jeder Rostplatte bzw. Roststufe oder deren Kühlkammern zu den Steuerelementen für die Kühlmedium-Steuerung zurückführen. Die Primärluft wird durch Löcher zugeführt, welche die Rostplatten durchdringen. Diese Konstruktion hat den Nachteil, daß die Verbrennungsluft nur partiell durch den Roststab zugeführt wird und den Brennstoff nicht gleichmäßig durchlüftet, wodurch eine hohe thermische Belastung des Rostes behindert ist.Thrust combustion grate module for burning waste in large plants known, which has several grate stages movable against each other and a primary air supply, its load-bearing elements and its grate consist of sheet metal hollow bodies through which a liquid cooling medium flows when installed. The individual grate levels each consist of a hollow grate plate, the length of which is intended to extend over the entire width of the combustion grate to be created. The grate plate is hollow on the inside and has at least one connection piece and one discharge piece for the supply and discharge of the cooling medium. It is envisaged that a pipe extends below the grate over the entire length of the grate, which serves as a cooling water supply and from which hose connections lead to each grate plate or grate stage or its cooling chambers, and hose connections are present which act as separate cooling water returns from each grate plate or Return the grate or its cooling chambers to the controls for the coolant control. The primary air is supplied through holes that penetrate the grate plates. This construction has the disadvantage that the combustion air is only partially supplied through the grate bar and the fuel not evenly ventilated, which hinders a high thermal load on the grate.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen mit Wasser gekühlten Verbrennungsrost zu schaffen, der eine hohe thermische Belastung von 0,9 bis 1,1 MW/m2 Rostfläche zuläßt, der einen geringen Verschleiß aufweist und der einen geringen Wartungsaufwand erfordert .The invention has for its object to provide a water-cooled combustion grate, which allows a high thermal load of 0.9 to 1.1 MW / m 2 grate area, has little wear and requires little maintenance.
Die der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Aufgabe wird durch einen mit Wasser gekühlten Verbrennungsrost gelöst, der aus mehreren, sich über die Rostbreite erstreckenden Roststabblöcken besteht, die jeweils aus mehreren Roststäben zusammengesetzt sind und bei dem jeder Roststab in seinem Inneren einen mäanderförmigen Kanal sowie mehrere eingefräste Rostschlitze aufweist, bei dem die Roststäbe ferner durch verschraubbare Verbindungsstücke miteinander so verbunden sind, daß zwischen zwei Roststäben ein Rostschlitz gebildet wird, bei dem im Inneren der Verbindungsstücke ein Verbindungskanal verläuft, der die mäanderförmigen Kanäle zweier Roststäbe verbindet und bei dem die an der Rostbegrenzung positionierten Roststäbe verschraubbare Ein- und Auslaßstücke aufweisen, über die das flüssige Kühlmedium Wasser zu- und abgeführt wird.The object on which the invention is based is achieved by a water-cooled combustion grate which consists of a plurality of grate bar blocks which extend over the grate width and which are each composed of a plurality of grate bars and in which each grate bar has a meandering channel and a number of milled-in grate slots in its interior, in which the grate bars are further connected to one another by screwable connecting pieces in such a way that a grate slot is formed between two grate bars, in which a connecting channel runs in the interior of the connecting pieces, which connects the meandering channels of two grate bars and in which the grate bars positioned on the grate limitation can be screwed together - And have outlet pieces through which the liquid cooling medium water is supplied and removed.
Durch die Kühlung des Rostes mit dem flüssigen Kühlmedium Wasser beträgt die Temperatur an der Roststab-Oberfläche 90 bis 110°C. Hierdurch wird einerseits eine Verminderung des Verschleißes des Rostes und andererseits eine hohe thermische Belastbarkeit von 0,9 bis 1,1 MW/m2 Rostfläche erreicht. Dies hat zur Folge, daß der erfindungsgemäße Rost gegenüber den bekannten luftgekühlten Rosten bei gleicher thermischer Leistung um ca. 30 % kleiner gebaut werden kann. Die mäanderförmige Ausbildung der im Innern der Roststäbe angeordneten Kanäle, in denen das Kühlmedium fließt, und die erfindungsge äß zu verwendenden Verbindungs- , Ein- und Auslaßstücke wirken in der Weise vorteilhaft zusammen, daß die Zu- und Abfuhr des Kühlmediums nur von der Rostbegrenzung aus erfolgt; die einzelnen Roststabblöcke oder mehrere Roststabblöcke können also von der Rostbegrenzung mit dem Kühlmedium versorgt werden, wodurch sich die Betriebssicherheit erhöht. Außerdem bewirken die Verbindungsstücke in vorteilhafter Weise, daß sich zwischen den einzelnen Roststäben, aus denen ein Roststabblock besteht, Rostschlitze bilden, die während des Betriebs ihre Breite nicht verändern. Diese hohe Maßhaltigkeit des erfindungsgemäßen Verbrennungsrostes garantiert sowohl einen geringen Aschedurchfall durch den Rost als auch eine optimale Versorgung mit Verbrennungsluft als auch einen weitgehenden Ausbrand des Brennstoffs auf dem Rost, wodurch letztlich eine hohe thermische Belastung erreicht wird.By cooling the grate with the liquid cooling medium water, the temperature on the grate bar surface is 90 to 110 ° C. This results in a reduction in wear on the grate and a high thermal load capacity of 0.9 to 1.1 MW / m 2 grate area. This has the consequence that the grate according to the invention can be built about 30% smaller than the known air-cooled grates with the same thermal output. The meandering design of the channels arranged in the interior of the grate bars, in which the cooling medium flows, and the connecting, inlet and outlet pieces to be used according to the invention advantageously cooperate in such a way that the supply and removal of the cooling medium only from the grate limitation he follows; the individual grate bar blocks or several grate bar blocks can thus be supplied with the cooling medium by the grate limitation, which increases operational reliability. In addition, the connecting pieces advantageously cause grate slots to form between the individual grate bars, which make up a grate bar block, and do not change their width during operation. This high dimensional stability of the combustion grate according to the invention guarantees both a low ash diarrhea through the grate and an optimal supply of combustion air as well as extensive combustion of the fuel on the grate, which ultimately leads to a high thermal load.
Nach der Erfindung ist ferner vorgesehen, daß die Verbindungs-, Ein- und Auslaßstücke einen Rostabträger umgreifen sowie mit diesem verschraubt sind und bei dem die mäanderförmigen Kanäle der Roststäbe über die Verbindungskanäle der Verbindungsstücke miteinander verbunden sind. Hierdurch wird die Maßhaltigkeit der Roststabblöcke und die Betriebssicherheit des Verbrennungsrostes erhöht. Nach der Erfindung ist es besonders vorteilhaft, daß die einzelnen Roststabblöcke über die Roststabträger bewegbar sind und/oder daß der Verbrennungsrost einen Neigungswinkel von 8 bis 11° hat. Die Bewegbarkeit der Roststabblöcke vermindert die Betriebssicherheit des entsprechend der Erfindung gestalteten Verbrennungsrostes nicht. Der erfindungsgemäße Verbrennungsrost kann beispielsweise als schräg angeordneter Gegenlaufrost oder als schräg angeordneter Vorschubrost oder als waagerecht angeordneter Vorschubrost ausgeführt werden.According to the invention it is further provided that the connecting, inlet and outlet pieces grip around a grate support and are screwed to it and in which the meandering channels of the grate bars are connected to one another via the connecting channels of the connecting pieces. This increases the dimensional accuracy of the grate bar blocks and the operational safety of the combustion grate. According to the invention, it is particularly advantageous that the individual grate bar blocks are movable over the grate bar supports and / or that the combustion grate has an inclination angle of 8 to 11 °. The mobility of the grate bar blocks does not reduce the operational safety of the combustion grate designed in accordance with the invention. The combustion grate according to the invention can be designed, for example, as an inclined counter-running grate or as an inclined feed grate or as a horizontally arranged feed grate.
In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß die Rostschlitze eine Breite von 1 bis 1,5 mm haben. Diese Breite der Rostschlitze garantiert, daß der auf dem Rost befindliche Brennstoff nicht durch die Schlitze hindurchfällt und daß genügend Verbrennungsluft in die Brennstoffschicht gelangt. Insbesondere die Rostschlitze, die zwischen zwei Roststäben vorhanden sind, verändern sich bezüglich ihrer Breite während des Betriebs nicht, denn die Verbindungsstücke fixieren die einzelnen Roststäbe so, daß eine Rostschlitzbreite von 1 bis 1,5 mm zuverlässig eingehalten wird.In a further embodiment of the invention it is provided that the grate slots have a width of 1 to 1.5 mm. This width of the grate slots guarantees that the fuel on the grate does not fall through the slots and that sufficient combustion air gets into the fuel layer. In particular, the grate slots that exist between two grate bars do not change in width during operation, because the connecting pieces fix the individual grate bars so that a grate slot width of 1 to 1.5 mm is reliably maintained.
Nach der Erfindung ist ferner vorgesehen, daß die Verbindungen zwischen den Roststäben und den Verbindungsstücken bzw. den Ein- und Auslaßstücken durch einen bündigen Schliff der Berührungsflächen der Werkstücke und durch Graphit-Dichtungen abgedichtet sind. Durch das Zusammenwirken der bündig geschliffenen Berührungsflächen der Werkstücke mit den Graphit-Dichtungen und mit den erfindungsgemäß vorgesehenen Verschraubungen der einzelnen Werkstücke wird eine absolut zuverlässige Abdichtung des Kühlsystems erreicht, so daß in soweit die Betriebssicherheit des Verbrennungsrostes auch während einer längeren Betriebszeit gewährleistet ist.According to the invention it is further provided that the connections between the grate bars and the connecting pieces or the inlet and outlet pieces are sealed by a flush grinding of the contact surfaces of the workpieces and by graphite seals. The interaction of the flush-ground contact surfaces of the workpieces with the graphite seals and with the screw connections of the individual workpieces provided according to the invention makes one absolute Reliable sealing of the cooling system is achieved, so that the operational safety of the combustion grate is guaranteed even during a long period of operation.
Entsprechend der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß die RostStäbe auf die Verbindungs-, Ein- und Auslaßstücke aufgelegt und durch senkrecht verlaufende Schrauben mit den Verbindungs-, Ein- und Auslaßstücken verschraubt sind. Die große Auflagefläche und die Verschraubung bewirken eine gute Fixierung aller Werkstücke und eine sichere Abdichtung des KühlSystems .According to the invention it is provided that the grate bars are placed on the connecting, inlet and outlet pieces and are screwed to the connecting, inlet and outlet pieces by vertical screws. The large contact surface and the screw connection ensure a good fixation of all workpieces and a secure seal of the cooling system.
In einigen Fällen hat es sich als zweckmäßig erwiesen, wenn dem erfindungsgemäßen Verbrennungsrost ein an sich bekannter, waagerechter, luftgekühlter Verbrennungsrost nachgeschaltet ist . Hierdurch wird in vorteilhafter Weise ein hoher Ausbrand des Brennstoffs erreicht, wenngleich die thermische Belastbarkeit des luftgekühlten Verbrennungsrostes nur 0,5 bis 0,8 MW/m2 Rostfläche beträgt. Alternativ ist vorgesehen, daß dem erfindungsgemäßen Verbrennungsrost noch ein zweiter erfindungsgemäßer, waagerechter, wassergekühlter Verbrennungsrost nachgeschaltet ist, durch den ein hoher Brennstoff-Ausbrand bei hoher thermischer Belastbarkeit des Rostes erreicht wird.In some cases, it has proven to be advantageous if the combustion grate according to the invention is followed by a horizontal, air-cooled combustion grate known per se. In this way, a high burnout of the fuel is advantageously achieved, although the thermal load capacity of the air-cooled combustion grate is only 0.5 to 0.8 MW / m 2 grate area. Alternatively, it is provided that the combustion grate according to the invention is followed by a second, horizontal, water-cooled combustion grate according to the invention, by means of which a high fuel burnout is achieved with a high thermal load capacity of the grate.
Die Nachverbrennung kann erfindungsgemäß dadurch verbessert werden, daß am Anfang des zweiten wassergerechten luftgekühlten oder wassergekühlten Verbrennungsrostes Düsen angeordnet sind, über die gepulste Verbrennungsluft in den Verbrennungsraum eingebracht wird, wobei die gepulste Luft auch vorgewärmt sein kann.The afterburning can be improved according to the invention in that nozzles are arranged at the beginning of the second water-compatible air-cooled or water-cooled combustion grate, via which pulsed combustion air into the Combustion chamber is introduced, the pulsed air can also be preheated.
Schließlich ist nach der Erfindung vorgesehen, daß der dem erfindungsgemäßen Verbrennungsrost nachgeschaltete, waagerechte, luftgekühlte Verbrennungsrost Verbindungs- und Endstücke aufweist, die keine Verbindungskanäle besitzen, aber ansonsten entsprechend den Verbindungs-, Ein- und Auslaßstücken ausgeführt sind.Finally, according to the invention it is provided that the horizontal, air-cooled combustion grate connected downstream of the combustion grate according to the invention has connecting and end pieces which have no connecting channels, but are otherwise designed in accordance with the connecting, inlet and outlet pieces.
Der Gegenstand der Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert . Figur 1 zeigt einen erfindungsgemäßen Verbrennungsrost, dem ein waagerechter, luftgekühlter Verbrennungsrost nachgeschaltet ist. Figur 2 veranschaulicht den Aufbau eines Roststabblocks. Figur 3 zeigt die Verbindung zwischen Roststabblock und Roststabträger im Detail .The object of the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. Figure 1 shows a combustion grate according to the invention, which is followed by a horizontal, air-cooled combustion grate. Figure 2 illustrates the structure of a grate bar block. Figure 3 shows the connection between the grate bar block and grate bar support in detail.
Die in Figur 1 dargestellte Anordnung besteht aus einem erfindungsgemäßen Verbrennungsrost (1) und einem nachgeschalteten, luftgekühlten, bekannten Verbrennungsrost (2) . Der Verbrennungsrost (1) hat einen Neigungswinkel von 10° und ist in seinem vorderen Teil als Gegenlaufroεt und in seinem hinteren Teil als Vorschubrost gestaltet, wobei diese beiden Konstruktionen zum bekannten Stand der Technik gehören und mit bewegbaren Roststabblöcken (3) arbeiten. Beide Teile des Verbrennungsrostes (1) haben eine Länge von ca. 3,5 m und eine Breite von 3 m. Diese Abmessungen können aber auch kleiner oder größer sein. Die Breite kann entsprechend dem Massenstrom des Brennstoffs variiert werden. Der luftgekühlte Verbrennungsrost (2) ist waagerecht angeordnet und hat eine Länge von ca. 3,4 m sowie eine Breite von 3 m. Auch die Breite der luftgekühlten Roste kann entsprechend dem Massenstrom des Brennstoffes variiert werden. Der Verbrennungsrost (1) wird mit einer durchschnittlichen thermischen Belastung von 0,94 MW/m2 gefahren, während der luftgekühlte Verbrennungsrost (2) mit einer thermischen Belastung von 0,64 MW/m2 arbeitet. Die durch die Verbrennungsroste (1) und (2 ) hindurchfallenden Ascheteilchen werden in den Aschetrichtern (4a) , (4b) und (4c) gesammelt, und diese Asche wird dem Ascheaustrag (5) zugeführt, in den auch die Asche vom Ende des Verbrennungsrostes (2) abgeworfen wird. Als Brennstoff wird der in Figur 1 dargestellten Anordnung Müll über die Zuteilvorrichtung (6) zugeführt. Die Verbrennungsluft wird von unten über die Aschetrichter (4a, 4b, 4c) durch die Roste (1, 2) in die Brennstoffschicht eingebracht. Der Verbrennungsrost (1) wird mit einer durchschnittlichen Luftzahl von ca. 1,1 gefahren. Im vorderen Teil des Verbrennungsros es (2) bzw. am Übergang zwischen den Verbrennungsrosten (1) und (2) , also an der Roststufe 7, sind in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellte Düsen angeordnet, über die gepulste, heiße Verbrennungsluft in den Verbrennungsraum eingebracht werden kann. Im Verbrennungsraum, also oberhalb der Brennstoffschicht, herrscht eine Temperatur von 1100 bis 950°C. In der Brennstoffschicht herrscht eine Temperatur von 700 bis 800°C. An der Oberfläche der Roststabblöcke (3) desThe arrangement shown in Figure 1 consists of a combustion grate (1) according to the invention and a downstream, air-cooled, known combustion grate (2). The combustion grate (1) has an inclination angle of 10 ° and is designed in its front part as a counter-rotating grate and in its rear part as a feed grate, these two constructions being part of the known prior art and working with movable grate bar blocks (3). Both parts of the combustion grate (1) have a length of approx. 3.5 m and a width of 3 m. However, these dimensions can also be smaller or larger. The width can be varied according to the mass flow of the fuel. The air-cooled The combustion grate (2) is arranged horizontally and has a length of approx. 3.4 m and a width of 3 m. The width of the air-cooled grates can also be varied in accordance with the mass flow of the fuel. The combustion grate (1) is operated with an average thermal load of 0.94 MW / m 2 , while the air-cooled combustion grate (2) operates with a thermal load of 0.64 MW / m 2 . The ash particles falling through the combustion grates (1) and (2) are collected in the ash funnels (4a), (4b) and (4c) and this ash is fed to the ash discharge (5), in which the ashes from the end of the combustion grate are also fed (2) is dropped. Waste is supplied to the arrangement shown in FIG. 1 via the allocation device (6). The combustion air is introduced into the fuel layer from below via the ash funnels (4a, 4b, 4c) through the grids (1, 2). The combustion grate (1) is operated with an average air ratio of approx. 1.1. In the front part of the combustion chamber (2) or at the transition between the combustion grates (1) and (2), that is to say at grate level 7, nozzles (not shown) are arranged in the drawing, via which pulsed, hot combustion air is introduced into the combustion chamber can. The temperature in the combustion chamber, i.e. above the fuel layer, is between 1100 and 950 ° C. The temperature in the fuel layer is 700 to 800 ° C. On the surface of the grate bar blocks (3) of the
Verbrennungsrostes (1) herrscht infolge der Wasserkühlung eine Temperatur von 90 bis 110°C. An der Oberfläche der Roststabblöcke des Verbrennungsrostes (2) herrscht eine Temperatur von 400 bis 600°C. Es liegt auf der Hand, daß der erfindungsgemäße Verbrennungsrost nicht als Walzenrost oder Wanderrost ausgeführt werden kann, da bei diesen Konstruktionen die nach der Erfindung vorgesehene Kühlung nicht mit wirtschaftlich vertretbarem Aufwand realisierbar ist. Es ist möglich, in den Verbrennungsraum oberhalb des Verbrennungsrostes (1) Verbrennungsluft einzutragen. Durch das Einbringen der Verbrennungsluft in den Verbrennungsraum, also oberhalb der Brennstoffschicht , wird insbesondere eine optimale Verbrennung der aus dem Brennstoff austretenden gasförmigen Bestandteile erreicht. Auch die Verbrennungsluft, die über die an der Rostεtufe (7) angeordneten Düsen in den Verbrennungs aum eingebracht wird, fördert die Verbrennung der gasförmigen Brennstoffanteile, sowie die Nachverbrennung des Brennstoffs.Combustion grate (1) has a temperature of 90 to 110 ° C due to water cooling. A temperature of 400 to 600 ° C prevails on the surface of the grate bar blocks of the combustion grate (2). It is obvious that the The combustion grate according to the invention cannot be designed as a roller grate or traveling grate, since in these constructions the cooling provided according to the invention cannot be realized with economically justifiable effort. It is possible to enter combustion air in the combustion chamber above the combustion grate (1). By introducing the combustion air into the combustion chamber, that is above the fuel layer, in particular an optimal combustion of the gaseous components emerging from the fuel is achieved. The combustion air which is introduced into the combustion chamber via the nozzles arranged on the grate stage (7) also promotes the combustion of the gaseous fuel components and the afterburning of the fuel.
Der in Figur 2 schematisch dargestellte Roststabblock (3) besteht aus mehreren Roststäben (8a) , (8b) und (8c) . Die Roststäbe (8) haben eine Länge von 400 bis 600 mm und eine Breite von 400 bis 700 mm. Die Roststabblöcke (3) sind innerhalb der Rostbegrenzung (9a), (9b) angeordnet. Im Innern jedes Roststabs (8) ist ein mäanderförmiger Kanal (10) angeordnet, der beispielsweise einen Durchmesser von 20 mm hat und in dem das Kühlmedium Wasser fließt. Die Menge des Kühlwassers wird so bemessen, daß es nach dem Durchgang durch einen oder mehrere Roststabblöcke (3) eine Temperatur von 60 bis 95°C aufweist; während des KühlVorgangs wird also kein Dampf gebildet. In die Roststäbe (8) sind mehrere Rostschlitze (11) von gleicher Länge, Breite und Form eingefräst, wobei die Breite der Rostschlitze (11) 1 bis 1,5 mm beträgt. Durch die Rostschlitze (11) wird der Brennstoffschicht von unten Verbrennungsluft zugeführt. Jeder Roststab (8) hat für das Kühlwasser eine ZulaufÖffnung (12a) und eine AblaufÖffnungThe grate bar block (3) shown schematically in FIG. 2 consists of several grate bars (8a), (8b) and (8c). The grate bars (8) have a length of 400 to 600 mm and a width of 400 to 700 mm. The grate bar blocks (3) are arranged within the grate limitation (9a), (9b). A meandering channel (10) is arranged in the interior of each grate bar (8) and has, for example, a diameter of 20 mm and in which the cooling medium water flows. The amount of cooling water is measured so that it has a temperature of 60 to 95 ° C after passing through one or more grate bar blocks (3); No steam is generated during the cooling process. A plurality of grate slots (11) of the same length, width and shape are milled into the grate bars (8), the width of the grate slots (11) being 1 to 1.5 mm. Through the rust slots (11) the fuel layer from below Combustion air supplied. Each grate bar (8) has an inlet opening (12a) and an outlet opening for the cooling water
(12b) . Das Kühlwasser wird dem Roststabblock (3) von außen über die Leitung (13) zugeführt und tritt über die Leitung(12b). The cooling water is fed to the grate bar block (3) from the outside via the line (13) and passes through the line
(14) nach außen aus.(14) outwards.
Auf die RostStäbe (8a) und (8c) , die an der Rostbegrenzung (9a) , (9b) positioniert sind, werden Ein- und Auslaßstücke (15a) , (15b) aufgelegt, die mit den Roststäben (8a) und (8c) verschraubt sind. In die Ein- und Auslaßstücke (15a) , (15b) münden die Leitungen (13) und (14) . Die Roststäbe (8a) und (8c) sind mit dem Roststab (8b) durch aufgelegte Verbindungsstücke (16) verbunden und fest positioniert. Die Verbindungsstücke (16) sind mit den Roststäben (8) verschraubt. Alle verwendeten Schrauben (20) sind zu den Auflageflächen im Winkel von 90°, also semkrecht geführt. Im Innern der Verbindungsstücke (16) verläuft ein Verbindungskanal (17) , durch den das Kühlwasser von einem Roststab in den anderen übertritt. Die auf den Roststäben (8) aufliegenden Flächen der Ein- und Auslaßstücke (15a) , (15b) und der Verbindungsstücke (16) sowie die entsprechenden Gegenflächen der RostStäbe (8) sind mit einem Planschliff versehen, wodurch im Zusammenwirken mit der Verschraubung bereits ein hohes Maß an Dichtigkeit des Kühlsystems erreicht werden kann. Zusätzlich wird der Übergang zwischen den Roststäben (8) und den Verbindungs-, Ein- und Auslaßstücken durch eine Graphit-Dichtung (21) abgedichtet, so daß letztlich eine sehr zuverlässige, langlebige und robuste Abdichtung des Kühlsystems erreicht wird. Die einzelnen Roststäbe (8) werden durch die Verbindungsstücke (16) so gegeneinander positioniert, daß zwischen ihnen ein Rostschlitz (18) entsteht, dessen Breite ebenfalls 1 bis 1,5 mm beträgt. Die mit den Verbindungsstücken (16) erreichte Fixierung der Roststäbe (8) ist so stabil, daß sich die Breite der Rostschlitze (18) während des Betriebs nicht verändert. Es hat sich gezeigt, daß allein die Verknüpfung der Roststäbe (8) durch die Verbindungsstücke (16) ausreicht, um die Maßhaltigkeit der Roststabblöcke (3) sicherzustellen.On the grate bars (8a) and (8c), which are positioned on the grate limitation (9a), (9b), inlet and outlet pieces (15a), (15b) are placed, which are connected to the grate bars (8a) and (8c). are screwed. The lines (13) and (14) open into the inlet and outlet pieces (15a), (15b). The grate bars (8a) and (8c) are connected to the grate bar (8b) by connecting pieces (16) placed on them and firmly positioned. The connecting pieces (16) are screwed to the grate bars (8). All screws (20) used are led to the support surfaces at an angle of 90 °, ie, perpendicularly. Inside the connecting pieces (16) there is a connecting channel (17) through which the cooling water passes from one grate bar to the other. The surfaces of the inlet and outlet pieces (15a), (15b) and the connecting pieces (16) resting on the grate bars (8) as well as the corresponding mating surfaces of the grate bars (8) are provided with a ground joint, which means that in cooperation with the screw connection high degree of tightness of the cooling system can be achieved. In addition, the transition between the grate bars (8) and the connecting, inlet and outlet pieces is sealed by a graphite seal (21), so that ultimately a very reliable, durable and robust seal of the cooling system is achieved. The individual grate bars (8) are so against each other by the connecting pieces (16) positioned that a rust slot (18) is formed between them, the width of which is also 1 to 1.5 mm. The fixing of the grate bars (8) achieved with the connecting pieces (16) is so stable that the width of the grate slots (18) does not change during operation. It has been shown that the connection of the grate bars (8) by the connecting pieces (16) alone is sufficient to ensure the dimensional accuracy of the grate bar blocks (3).
Es ist vorteilhaft, wenn die Ein- und Auslaßstücke (15a, 15 b) sowie die Verbindungsstücke (16) in entsprechende Ausnehmungen eingepaßt sind, die sich in den Roststäben (8) befinden. Eine entsprechende Darstellung zeigt Figur 3.It is advantageous if the inlet and outlet pieces (15a, 15b) and the connecting pieces (16) are fitted into corresponding recesses which are located in the grate bars (8). A corresponding representation is shown in FIG. 3.
Die Verbindung des aus mehreren Roststäben (8a, 8b, 8c) bestehenden Ros Stabblockes (3) mit den Antriebselementen des Verbrennungsrostes wird über den Roststabträger (19) hergestellt. Die Ein- und Auslaßstücke (15a, 15b) sowie die Verbindungsstücke (16) sind mit dem Roststabträger (19) fest verbunden. Dies kann entsprechend Figur 3 dadurch erreicht werden, daß die Ein- und Auslaßstücke (15a, 15b) sowie die Verbindungsstücke (16) den Roststabträger (19) bündig umgreifen und sowohl mit den RostStäben (8) als auch mit dem Roststabträger (19) verschraubt sind. Der in der Regel bewegliche Roststabträger (19) bewegt also über die als Klauen wirkenden Ein- und Auslaßstücke (15a, 15b) sowie die Verbindungsstücke (16) den Roststabblock (3) und treibt diesen an. The connection of the Ros rod block (3) consisting of several grate bars (8a, 8b, 8c) to the drive elements of the combustion grate is established via the grate bar support (19). The inlet and outlet pieces (15a, 15b) and the connecting pieces (16) are firmly connected to the grate bar support (19). According to FIG. 3, this can be achieved in that the inlet and outlet pieces (15a, 15b) and the connecting pieces (16) grip around the grate bar support (19) flush and are screwed to both the grate bars (8) and the grate bar support (19) are. The generally movable grate bar support (19) thus moves the grate bar block (3) via the inlet and outlet pieces (15a, 15b) acting as claws and the connecting pieces (16) and drives it.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Mit Wasser gekühlter Verbrennungsrost (1), der aus mehreren, sich über die Rostbreite erstreckenden RostStabblöcken (3) besteht, die jeweils aus mehreren Roststäben (8a, 8b, 8c) zusammengesetzt sind, wobei jeder Roststab (8) in seinem Inneren einen mäanderförmigen Kanal (10) sowie mehrere eingefräste Rostschlitze (11) aufweist, wobei die Roststäbe (8) durch verschraubbare Verbindungsstücke (16) miteinander so verbunden sind, daß zwischen zwei Roststäben (8) ein Rostschlitz gebildet wird, wobei im Inneren der Verbindungsstücke (16) ein Verbindungskanal (17) verläuft, der die mäanderförmigen Kanäle (10) zweier Roststäbe (8) verbindet und wobei die an der Rostbegrenzung (9a, 9b) positionierten Roststäbe (8) verschraubbare Ein- und Auslaßstücke (15a, 15b) aufweisen, über die das flüssige Kühlmedium Wasser zu- und abgeführt wird.1. Water-cooled combustion grate (1), which consists of a plurality of grate bar blocks (3) which extend over the grate width and which are each composed of a plurality of grate bars (8a, 8b, 8c), each grate bar (8) having one inside has a meandering channel (10) and a number of milled grate slots (11), the grate bars (8) being connected to one another by screwable connecting pieces (16) in such a way that a grate slot is formed between two grate bars (8), the inside of the connecting pieces (16 ) runs a connecting channel (17) which connects the meandering channels (10) of two grate bars (8) and the grate bars (8) positioned on the grate boundary (9a, 9b) have screwable inlet and outlet pieces (15a, 15b) which the liquid cooling medium water is supplied and removed.
2. Verbrennungsrost nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Verbindungs-, Ein- und Auslaßstücke (16, 15a, 15b) einen Roststabträger (19) umgreifen sowie mit diesem verschraubt sind, und bei dem die mäanderförmigen Kanäle2. Combustion grate according to claim 1, in which the connecting, inlet and outlet pieces (16, 15a, 15b) surround a grate bar support (19) and are screwed to it, and in which the meandering channels
(10) der Roststäbe (8) über die Verbindungskanäle (17) miteinander verbunden sind.(10) the grate bars (8) are connected to one another via the connecting channels (17).
3. Verbrennungsrost nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 2, bei dem die Roststabblöcke (3) über die Roststabträger (19) bewegbar sind. 3. combustion grate according to claims 1 and 2, wherein the grate bar blocks (3) on the grate bar support (19) are movable.
4. Verbrennungsrost nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 3, der einen Neigungswinkel von 8 bis 11° hat.4. Combustion grate according to claims 1 to 3, which has an inclination angle of 8 to 11 °.
5. Verbrennungsrost nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 4, dessen Rostschlitze (11, 18) eine Breite von 1 bis 1,5 mm haben.5. combustion grate according to claims 1 to 4, the grate slots (11, 18) have a width of 1 to 1.5 mm.
6. Verbrennungsrost nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 5, bei dem die Verbindungen zwischen den Roststäben (8) und den Verbindungsstücken (16) bzw. den Ein- und Auslaßstücken6. combustion grate according to claims 1 to 5, in which the connections between the grate bars (8) and the connecting pieces (16) or the inlet and outlet pieces
(15a, 15b) durch einen bündigen Schliff der Berührungsflächen der Werkstücke und durch Graphit-Dichtungen (21) abgedichtet sind.(15a, 15b) are sealed by a flush grinding of the contact surfaces of the workpieces and by graphite seals (21).
7. Verbrennungsrost nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 6, bei dem die Roststäbe (8) auf die Verbindungs-, Ein- und Auslaßstücke (16, 15a, 15b) aufgelegt und durch senkrecht verlaufende Schrauben (20) mit den Verbindungs-, Ein- und Auslaßstücken (16, 15a, 15b) verschraubt sind.7. combustion grate according to claims 1 to 6, wherein the grate bars (8) placed on the connecting, inlet and outlet pieces (16, 15a, 15b) and by vertical screws (20) with the connecting, inlet and Outlet pieces (16, 15a, 15b) are screwed.
8. Verbrennungsrost nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 7, dem ein waagerechter, luftgekühlter Verbrennungsrost (2) nachgeschaltet ist.8. combustion grate according to claims 1 to 7, which is followed by a horizontal, air-cooled combustion grate (2).
9. Verbrennungsrost nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 7, dem ein waagerechter, wassergekühlter Verbrennungsrost (1) nachgeschaltet ist. 9. combustion grate according to claims 1 to 7, which is followed by a horizontal, water-cooled combustion grate (1).
10. Verbrennungsrost nach den Ansprüchen 8 und 9, bei dem am Anfang des waagerechten, luftgekühlten oder wassergekühlten Verbrennungsrostes Düsen angeordnet sind, über die gepulste Verbrennungsluft in den Verbrennungsraum eingebracht wird.10. Combustion grate according to claims 8 and 9, in which at the beginning of the horizontal, air-cooled or water-cooled combustion grate nozzles are arranged, through which pulsed combustion air is introduced into the combustion chamber.
11. Verbrennungsrost nach Anspruch 8, dessen waagerechter, luftgekühlter Verbrennungsrost (2) Verbindungs- und Endstücke aufweist, die keine Verbindungskanäle (17) besitzen, aber ansonsten entsprechend den Verbindungs-, Ein- und Auslaßstücken ausgeführt sind. 11. combustion grate according to claim 8, whose horizontal, air-cooled combustion grate (2) has connecting and end pieces which have no connecting channels (17), but are otherwise designed according to the connecting, inlet and outlet pieces.
EP97913176A 1996-12-06 1997-10-24 Water-cooled firing grate Expired - Lifetime EP0954722B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19650742A DE19650742C1 (en) 1996-12-06 1996-12-06 Water-cooled vibrating grate for solid fuel incinerator
DE19650742 1996-12-06
PCT/EP1997/005893 WO1998025079A1 (en) 1996-12-06 1997-10-24 Water-cooled firing grate

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0954722A1 true EP0954722A1 (en) 1999-11-10
EP0954722B1 EP0954722B1 (en) 2001-05-23

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EP97913176A Expired - Lifetime EP0954722B1 (en) 1996-12-06 1997-10-24 Water-cooled firing grate

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US (1) US6145451A (en)
EP (1) EP0954722B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3990463B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE201501T1 (en)
DE (2) DE19650742C1 (en)
DK (1) DK0954722T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2159126T3 (en)
WO (1) WO1998025079A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59703629D1 (en) 2001-06-28
DK0954722T3 (en) 2001-09-10
ES2159126T3 (en) 2001-09-16
EP0954722B1 (en) 2001-05-23
DE19650742C1 (en) 1998-02-19
US6145451A (en) 2000-11-14
JP3990463B2 (en) 2007-10-10
JP2001505295A (en) 2001-04-17
ATE201501T1 (en) 2001-06-15
WO1998025079A1 (en) 1998-06-11

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