EP0801183B1 - Fume venting device for a long barrel-vault - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an outlet for smoke extraction for a self-supporting arched vault elongated carried by two curbs extending in a longitudinal direction of the vault.

We know many types of vaults curved elongated, which are suitable to be installed at the top of buildings to let through daylight.

Many vaults are fitted to roofs, in general horizontal. These arches are mounted on curbs protruding upward from roof. On these curbs are installed elements of arched vault, with convexity turned upwards, extending transversely next to each other. Some arch elements are made of elements ribbed polyester, partially overlapping each other at a rib. Other elements of arch consist of extruded plates of polycarbonate, two adjacent plates being pinched between two arches, one upper, the other lower, carrying the plates.

We know that standards and regulations applicable, either under the Labor Code in the case of industrial premises, either as part of the legislation concerning premises suitable for receiving public, require the construction of outlets smoke extraction. These outlets must be adapted to be open, either to evacuate industrial smoke, either to evacuate the smoke in the event of fire. These outlets must therefore have characteristics predefined that need to be tested of homologation. In particular, they should avoid any discharge of smoke towards the interior of the building repelled by the wind penetrating through these outlets. They must also allow the passage of a flow of fumes given for a pressure difference predetermined between the interior and exterior of the building.

For these reasons, many outlets known have half arch elements extending substantially over half the transverse width of the vault, articulated along one of their edges longitudinal, for example the edge along the corresponding curb, and are activated by cylinders so as to release substantially completely the opening in the vault.

These outlets easily respect the current standards. However, they are expensive, and they have the disadvantage of leaving in position open, rain penetrating inside the building.

According to another known embodiment, the outlet includes at least one arch element extending substantially across the width of the vault and movable with respect thereto, and means forming a jack to lift the sides of this element of arch so as to move said arch element towards its extended position to open the outlet, or to lower said side so as to bring the element of movable arch in its retracted position substantially in the alignment of the other fixed arch elements, to close the outlet.

Such an arch element does not allow respect the regulations in force. He is extremely hard to prevent a side wind open from this arch element to push back towards inside the building the fumes to be evacuated. He was proposed to place screens in front of this open side. These screens are bulky, expensive, fragile, little aesthetic and their presence decreases so important the aeraulic characteristics of this device.

Finally, we know from EP-A-0 103 559, an air outlet opening in the form a front slit capable of being closed by means of a faïte cap articulated at the free end at least two levers, the other end of which is articulated to the roof, means being provided for rotate these levers and thus control by their through upward or downward movements of said front cap.

Such a structure is not adapted to be used as smoke evacuation system for a roof curved self-supporting.

The object of the present invention is to remedy the drawbacks of known devices, and to propose a structure smoke evacuation system simple, reliable and economical, easy to install and use.

• un profilé fixé le long du bord longitudinal correspondant de l'élément de voûte mobile, sous ledit élément, de façon à être adjacent sensiblement à la face intérieure de la costière correspondante tournée vers l'autre costière dans la position fermée de l'élément de voûte ;
• des moyens formant vérin fixés d'une part sur la face intérieure de la costière correspondante, d'autre part au profilé correspondant ;
• des moyens de guidage adaptés à maintenir sensiblement chaque profilé dans un plan parallèle à la face intérieure de la costière correspondante ;
• des moyens de coordination adaptés à maintenir les profilés de chaque côté de la voûte sensiblement dans un plan parallèle au plan défini par les bords longitudinaux de l'ouverture fermée par ledit exutoire lorsque l'élément de voûte mobile est déplacé par les moyens formant vérin ;
• les moyens de guidage, les moyens de coordination et les moyens formant vérins étant agencés de manière à permettre de lever sensiblement simultanément les deux profilés de l'élément de voûte mobile de façon à déplacer ledit élément de voûte jusqu'à sa position sortie en le maintenant sensiblement parallèle à lui-même, et réciproquement.

According to the invention, the smoke extraction vent of the aforementioned type is characterized in that it comprises, on each side of the roof:

• a profile fixed along the corresponding longitudinal edge of the movable arch element, under said element, so as to be substantially adjacent to the inner face of the corresponding curb facing the other curb in the closed position of the vault;
• means forming a cylinder fixed on the one hand to the inner face of the corresponding curb, on the other hand to the corresponding profile;
• guide means adapted to substantially maintain each profile in a plane parallel to the inner face of the corresponding curb;
• coordination means adapted to maintain the profiles on each side of the arch substantially in a plane parallel to the plane defined by the longitudinal edges of the opening closed by said outlet when the movable arch element is moved by the means forming a jack;
• the guide means, the coordination means and the actuator means being arranged so as to allow the two sections of the movable arch element to be lifted substantially simultaneously so as to move said arch element to its extended position in the now substantially parallel to itself, and vice versa.

Such an outlet, open on all four sides and moved vertically above the opening of the vault, has airy characteristics in accordance with the regulations in force, as soon as the opening of the movable arch element is sufficient. Movable arch element prevents rain to enter through the outlet.

In addition, this outlet does not present any risk of smoke backflow for a directed wind in the longitudinal direction or in the direction transverse of the vault.

Quite surprisingly, this nor does it present a risk of discharge of smoke for a directed wind in the direction of a diagonal of the outlet.

It would seem at first glance that the effects combined with the presence of the curb protruding by report to the roof, which forces the air streams to rise to pass this obstacle, and the presence of the movable arch element, the underside of which has guiding action comparable to that of the lower surface of an airplane wing, linked to the training effect produced by the fumes coming out of the outlet, are sufficient to prevent air streams from passing flush with the upper edge of the curb, near the edge lower of the adjacent fixed arch elements, of a side of the outlet, to penetrate under the elements of arch located on the other side of the outlet in the middle and raised part of them.

In addition, the movable arch element of the outlet according to the invention has a windward catch relatively weak while having excellent stability and good mechanical resistance due to the fact that the vertical distance of the movable roof element in high position above the fixed arch elements adjacent is relatively small compared to longitudinal and transverse dimensions of said element mobile arch.

According to an advantageous version of the invention, the outlet comprises an element forming slide fixed on the inside of the curb correspondent facing the other curb, and extending substantially over the entire dimension longitudinal of the movable arch element so as to be located below the corresponding profile in the closed position of the arch element, and the means of guide include two articulated braces one by relative to each other pivotally about an axis transverse to the vault and fixed so pivoting around respective transverse axes to their end located on the same side of the arch element by relative to said longitudinal direction, the first cross member to the slide element, the second crosspiece with longitudinal profile, both braces comprising at their free end a member suitable for sliding respectively, for the first spider along the longitudinal profile, for the second spider along the forming element slide.

According to a preferred version of the invention, the outlet has two cylinders directed substantially along a perpendicular to the plane defined by the edges longitudinal of the opening closed by said outlet, each cylinder being fixed on the one hand to the forming element slide, on the other hand to the longitudinal profile correspondents, near the end of these opposite the transverse pivot axes of the braces, and the two articulated braces respectively on the slide elements are connected to each other by a drive shaft arranged along their aligned pivot axes.

Other features and advantages of the invention will appear in the description below.

• la figure 1 est une vue schématique en perspective d'un mode de réalisation de l'exutoire selon la présente invention ;
• la figure 2 est une vue schématique de dessus de l'exutoire de la figure 1, l'élément de voûte mobile étant enlevé pour la clarté de la figure ;
• la figure 3 est une vue selon III-III à la figure 2 montrant les croisillons dans leur position rentrée et dans leur position sortie ;
• la figure 4 est une vue suivant IV-IV à la figure 3 ;
• la figure 5 est une vue agrandie d'un détail de la figure 4 ;
• la figure 6 est une vue agrandie de la figure 5.
• la figure 7 est une vue agrandie en perspective d'un détail de la figure 6 ;

In the accompanying drawings, given solely by way of nonlimiting examples:

• Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of the outlet according to the present invention;
• Figure 2 is a schematic top view of the outlet of Figure 1, the movable arch member being removed for clarity of the figure;
• Figure 3 is a view along III-III in Figure 2 showing the braces in their retracted position and in their extended position;
• Figure 4 is a view along IV-IV in Figure 3;
• Figure 5 is an enlarged view of a detail of Figure 4;
• FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of FIG. 5.
• Figure 7 is an enlarged perspective view of a detail of Figure 6;

Figure 1 shows a curved vault free standing elongated 1 carried by two curbs 2 parallels extending in a longitudinal direction 3 of the arch 1. The arch 1 comprises in this example a smoke outlet 4 which includes at least one arch element 5 extending substantially over the entire width thereof and movable relative thereto. The outlet 4 also includes at least one cylinder 6 to raise the arch element 5 to its position output shown in the figure, to open completely outlet 4, or to lower said arch element 5 in its retracted position substantially in alignment with the other elements of fixed vaults 7, to close the outlet 4.

• un élément formant glissière 8 fixé sur la face intérieure 9 de la costière 2 correspondante tournée vers l'autre costière 2, et s'étendant sensiblement sur toute la dimension longitudinale de l'élément de voûte mobile 5 ;
• un profilé 10 fixé le long du bord longitudinal 11 correspondant de l'élément de voûte mobile 5 sous ledit élément, de façon à être situé au-dessus de l'élément formant glissière 8 correspondant dans la position fermée de l'élément de voûte 5 ;
• deux croisillons 12,13 articulés l'un par rapport à l'autre de manière pivotante autour d'un axe transversal 14 par rapport à la voûte 1 et fixés de manière pivotante autour d'axes transversaux respectifs à leur extrémité 12a,13a située du même côté de l'élément de voûte 5 par rapport à ladite direction longitudinale 3, le premier 12 à l'élément formant glissière 8, le second 13 au profilé longitudinal 10, les deux croisillons 12,13 comportant à leur extrémité libre 12b,13b un organe 17 adapté à coulisser respectivement, pour le premier croisillon 12 le long du profilé longitudinal 10, pour le second croisillon 13 le long de l'élément formant glissière 8.

In the example shown in the figures, the outlet 4 comprises, on each side of the arch 1:

• a slide element 8 fixed on the inner face 9 of the corresponding curb 2 facing the other curb 2, and extending substantially over the entire longitudinal dimension of the movable arch element 5;
• a profile 10 fixed along the corresponding longitudinal edge 11 of the movable arch element 5 under said element, so as to be located above the slide element 8 corresponding in the closed position of the arch element 5 ;
• two crossbars 12,13 articulated relative to each other in a pivoting manner about a transverse axis 14 relative to the arch 1 and pivotally fixed around respective transverse axes at their ends 12a, 13a located from the same side of the arch element 5 relative to said longitudinal direction 3, the first 12 to the slide element 8, the second 13 to the longitudinal profile 10, the two crossbars 12,13 having at their free end 12b, 13b a member 17 adapted to slide respectively, for the first cross 12 along the longitudinal profile 10, for the second cross 13 along the slide element 8.

The crossbars 12,13 are thus adapted to keep profile 10 parallel to curb 2 corresponding when the movable arch element is moved by cylinder 6.

The two crossbars 12,13 are articulated one relative to the other substantially in the middle.

Each profile 10 is substantially adjacent to the inner face 9 of the corresponding curb 2 facing the other curb 2, in the position arched element closed 5.

In this example, outlet 4 has two cylinders 6 directed vertically, that is to say according to a perpendicular to the horizontal plane defined by the roof 19 or the two profiles 10 or the upper edges 20 two curbs 2, so on the plane defined by the edges longitudinal 20 of opening 35 closed by outlet 4.

Each cylinder 6 is fixed, in the vicinity of the corresponding curb 2, on the one hand to the slide 8, on the other hand to the corresponding longitudinal section 10, in the vicinity of the end thereof opposite the axes pivot points 15,16 respective of the crossbars 12,13.

So, and as shown in Figure 3, each profile 10 is held at three points: the axis 16 pivot pivot 13, at the end of the profile 10 located to the left of the figure, at point 21 anchoring the rod 6a of the jack 6 on said section, at the level of the sliding member 17 at the end free 12b of the cross 12, this member being all the more farther from the anchor point 21 than the element of movable arch 5 is closer to its extended position.

In this example, and as shown in Figures 4 to 7, the slide 8 comprises a profile 22 of rectangular section open at the top along a longitudinal groove 23 crossed by the cross 13 whose end 13b carries rollers 43 which roll on the bottom of the slide 8, and by the spider 12 pivotally mounted about the axis 15.

Likewise, the profile 10 is a profile substantially identical to the profile 22 of the slide 8. The longitudinal groove 24 of the profile 10 is directed down and is crossed by the cross 12 which the upper end 12b carries rollers 43 which roll on the edges 25 and 26 of the groove 24. The groove 23 of the profile 22 has the same edges 25 and 26.

The slide 8 includes, on both sides profile 22 of the longitudinal sheets 27,28 which form, with vertical end profiles 29.30, a box adapted to contain the crossbars 12,13 in their folded position, the profile 10 resting on the end profiles 29-30 (See Figure 3).

Slide 8 can thus be easily transported all assembled, then fixed to the face interior 9 of the corresponding curb 2.

As shown in Figure 2, the two cross braces 12 articulated respectively on the profiles 22 of the slides 8 are connected to each other by a transmission shaft 31 arranged according to their pivot axes 15 aligned. This tree of transmission 31 is thus a means of coordination suitable for holding the profiles 10 on each side of the vault in a plane parallel to the plane defined by longitudinal edges of the opening 35 formed by the outlet.

We also see in Figures 2 to 7 that each spider 12 comprises a connecting rod 32 having a end 36 integral in rotation with the shaft of transmission 31 and adapted to pivot around the axis of rotation 15 of said cross 12.

In the example of Figure 6, the axis of rotation 15 is fixed to the end 36 of the connecting rod 32, said connecting rod 32 being adapted to be placed against the outer face of the wall of the profile 22 opposite the curb 2.

Preferably, the end 36 of the connecting rod 32 is integral with a sleeve 38 in which is introduced one end of the drive shaft 31. (see figure 7).

The other end 37 of the connecting rod 32 is integral in rotation with the spider 12. In this example the end 37 of the connecting rod 32 carries a finger 39 welded on the cross 12 in 39a.

This connecting rod 32 is thus mounted by simple introduction of axis 15 into the spider bore 12 and profile 22. The drive shaft 31 is then fixed, using a screw for example, in the sleeve 38. Finally, the finger 39 is welded to the cross 12.

The spacer 41 is fixed to each curb 2, the location and thickness of each spacer 41 being chosen so that the cross 13 which brings to its free end 13b a member 17 sliding in the corresponding slide 8 is supported substantially in permanently against said spacer 41.

The outlet of the invention is further adaptable to any arch width by simple adjustment the length of the drive shaft 5.

We see in Figure 4 that in the position folded, closed, from outlet 4, the longitudinal edge lower 11 of the arch element 5 rests on the wing inclined upper 33 of the curb 2, and is aligned with this wing 33 and with the fixed arch elements adjacent 7.

Each profile 10 is fixed to the element of movable arch 5 by a support 40 making with the face interior 9 of the curb 2 a corresponding angle substantially at the angle made by the upper wing inclined 33 of said curb 2 with said face 9.

We also see in this figure, and it It is clear from the above that the element of movable arch 5 moves while remaining parallel to itself to its extended position shown in the upper part of the figure.

By way of nonlimiting example, for a movable arch element 5 of a length, in the axis longitudinal of vault 1, up to 4m and a width of about 2m, a displacement between 0.7 and 1 meter, and preferably substantially equal to 0.8 m, between the extended position and the retracted position of the movable arch element 5, provides a good ventilation coefficient, around 0.65, both without wind and with wind.

Too little displacement of the element of vault 5 allows good ventilation but does not allow avoid repression phenomena. On the other hand, a too much displacement further increases the ventilation coefficient under the roof element 5, by suction effect, but makes the outlet too fragile.

We have thus described a structure outlet extremely simple, light and economical while being air efficient and reliable of daily operation.

Indeed, the braces 12 and 13, even if they are light in structure, are guided effectively at their end 12a, 13b of the side of slide 8.

The end 12a of the spider 12 is guided by the pivot axis 15, and by the connecting rod 32 which is kept by finger 39 at a constant distance from the crosspiece 12, this distance being equal to the length edge 25 of profile 22.

At its free end 12b, the cross 12 is guided by the rollers 43 which constitute the slide 17 and roll inside the profile 10 by being held by the side walls of said streamlined.

For its part, the spider 13 is guided at its lower end 13b by the rollers 43 which roll inside the profile 22.

The cross 13 also leans against the spacer 41 along its entire path between its position closed and its position extended.

In addition, the support 40 is inclined by a fixed angle with respect to profile 22 and contributes to the rigidity of the assembly formed by the arch element 5, the cross-pieces 12 and 13 and the jacks 6.

Generally speaking, as soon as the element of arch 5 is lifted even slightly, above the curb 2, it tends to sag slightly, which has to press the cross 13 against the spacer 41.

In parallel, the spider 12 transmits to the connecting rod 32 via finger 39 thrust towards the outside of the arch element, both connecting rods 32 transmit the corresponding force to the sleeve 38 and the drive shaft 31.

In the case of a wind directed from the left to the right in Figure 6, the cross 13 can move away from the spacer 41. The connecting rod 32 corresponding receives the spreading force from finger 39 corresponding and resists it. On the other side of the movable arch element 5, the spider 13 is plated with a force greater than the usual force against the spacer 41, while the cross 12 is supported by the connecting rod 32 and the corresponding finger 39.

To facilitate guiding the end upper 12b of the cross 12, the upper corner inside the spacer 41 is advantageously cut by a chamfer 42 or by a rounding.

Of course, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments which we have just describe, and we can perform on these many changes and modifications without departing from the scope of the invention.

The plane defined by the longitudinal edges 20 of the opening 35 may thus not be horizontal. We can also modify the position of the cylinder 6. The outlet 4 described can be used for any type of arch.

We can obviously provide positions outlet intermediaries corresponding to various partial strokes of the cylinder or cylinders for adapt to the conditions of each moment. We can provide a regulator to regulate the operation of compressed air cylinders, or a pressure relief valve on each cylinder.

You can also remove the cross bars 12,13 and the slides 8 and have a cylinder 6 to each corner of the movable arch element and control the pressure of each of the cylinders 6 so as to keep each profile 10 parallel to the curb 2 corresponding and the whole arch element mobile 5 parallel to itself during its movement. One can then strengthen the respective attachments of the cylinder 6 on the curb 2 and the end of the rod 6a on profile 10 to ensure the functions of aforementioned guidance.

Of course, and conventionally, the profile 12 is in one piece while the profile 13 has a central part 13c carrying the axis 14 and allowing the crossing of the crosses 12 and 13.

The spacer 41 is advantageously located between the position of axis 14, in the closed position of the outlet, and the position of the organ of sliding 17 of the lower part 13b of the crosspiece (or arm) 13 in the open position of the outlet.

Claims (10)

1. Fume-removal outlet arrangement (4) for a self-supporting elongated arched vault (1) supported by two parallel side walls (2) extending in a longitudinal direction (3) of the vault (1), this outlet arrangement (4) comprising at least one vault element (5) extending substantially over the whole width of the vault (1), being movable relative to the latter, and comprising jack-forming means (6) for lifting the sides of this vault element (5) in such a way as to displace the said vault element (5) towards its extended position in order to open the outlet arrangement (4) or to lower the said side in such a way as to bring the movable vault element (5) into its retracted position substantially in alignment with the other elements of the fixed vault (7) in order to close the outlet arrangement (4), characterized in that it includes, on each side of the vault:

   a structural section (10) fixed along the corresponding longitudinal edge (11) of the movable vault element (5), and under the said element, in such a way as to be substantially adjacent, in the closed position of the vault element (5), to the interior face (9), of the corresponding side wall (2), facing towards the other side wall (2);

   jack-forming means (6) fixed, on the one hand, to the interior face of the corresponding side wall (2) and, on the other hand, to the corresponding structural section (10);

   guidance means (12, 13, 32, 41) arranged so as to keep each structural section (10) substantially within a plane parallel to the interior face (9) of the corresponding side wall (2);

   coordination means (31) arranged so as to keep the structural sections (10) on each side of the vault substantially within a plane parallel to the plane defined by the longitudinal edges of the opening (35), which is closed by the said outlet arrangement (4), when the movable vault element (5) is displaced by the jack-forming means (6);

   the guidance means (12, 13, 32, 41), the coordination means (31) and the jack-forming means (6) being arranged in such a way as to permit the two structural sections (10) of the movable vault element (5) to lift substantially simultaneously so as to displace the said vault element (5) as far as its extended position while keeping it substantially parallel to the same, and vice versa.
2. Outlet arrangement according to Claim 1, characterized in that it includes, on each side of the vault, an element forming a slide (8) fixed on the interior face (9), of the corresponding side wall (2), facing towards the other side wall (2), and extending substantially over the whole of the longitudinal dimension of the movable vault element (5) in such a way as to be situated below the corresponding structural section (10) in the closed position of the vault element (5), and in that the guidance means (12, 13) comprise two stays (12, 13) articulated relative to one another in such a way that they pivot about an axis (14) transverse to the vault (1) and fixed so that they pivot around respective transverse axes at their extremity (12a, 13a) situated at the same end of the vault element (5) with respect to the said longitudinal direction (3), the first stay (12) being fixed to the element forming the slide (8), the second stay (13) being fixed to the longitudinal structural section (10) and the two stays (12, 13) comprising, at their free extremity (12b, 13b), a device (17) arranged to slide, respectively, along the longitudinal structural section (10) in the case of the first stay (12) and along the element forming the slide (8) in the case of the second stay (13).
3. Outlet arrangement according to Claim 2, characterized in that it includes two corresponding jacks (6) respectively fixed, on the one hand, to the element forming the slide (8) and, on the other hand, to the longitudinal structural section (10), and, in the vicinity of the extremity of these latter, opposite to the transverse hinge pins (15, 16) of the corresponding stays (12, 13).
4. Outlet arrangement according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the coordination means comprise a transmission shaft (31) which connects together the two respectively articulated stays (12) on the elements forming the slide (8), the said transmission shaft (31) being disposed in accordance with the aligned hinge pins(15).
5. Outlet arrangement according to Claim 4, characterized in that each stay (12) comprises a link (32) having an extremity (36) which rotates with the transmission shaft (31) and is arranged to pivot around the hinge pin (15) of the said stay (12), and having another extremity (37) which rotates with the said stay (12).
6. Outlet arrangement according to Claim 5, characterized in that the hinge pin (15) is fixed to the extremity (36) of the link (32), the said link (32) being designed to be placed against the exterior face, of the wall of the structural section (22), opposite to the side wall (2).
7. Outlet arrangement according to Claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the extremity (37) of the link (32) carries a finger (39) welded to the stay (12).
8. Outlet arrangement according to one of Claims 2 to 7, characterized in that the stays (12, 13) are articulated, relative to one another, substantially at their centre in the length direction.
9. Outlet arrangement according to one of Claims 2 to 8, characterized in that a distance piece (41) is fixed to each side wall (2), the location and thickness of each distance piece (41) being chosen in such a way that the stay (13), which carries at its free extremity (13b) a device (17) sliding in the structural section (22) of the corresponding slide (8), is always substantially supported against the said distance piece (41).
10. Outlet arrangement according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that each structural section (10) is fixed to the movable vault element (5) by a support (40) which makes, with the interior face (9) of the side wall (2), an angle substantially corresponding to the angle which is made with the said face (9) by the upper inclined wing (33) of the said side wall (2).

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