EP0624698A1 - Exhaust device for a barrel vault - Google Patents

Abstract

The exhaust (vent) device (2) for a barrel vault (1) includes a support (4) whose profile has a radius of curvature substantially equal to the radius of curvature of the barrel vault (1). The support contains two openings (5, 6) and two flaps (leaves, wings) (10) are fixed to the support (4) and are designed to close off the openings (5, 6) when shut. Used in particular for polyester barrel vaults. <IMAGE>

Description

The present invention relates to a smoke extraction device for a curved vault.

Arched vaults are more and more frequently used in construction, either for their shape, for architectural purposes, or on the roofs of buildings for lighting buildings such as halls, gymnasiums, factories ...

This overhead lighting is generally achieved by arched polyester arches which are fixed near their ends on a base which has a frame shape surrounding the opening made in the roof of the building.

These polyester arches are frequently made up of several identical parts fixed adjacent to the base.

It is necessary that a portion of the roof surface, equivalent to 10% of the building floor area, be made in a translucent vault to allow the lighting of the building.

Other arched arch structures are also known, such as arches having an aluminum structure and filling surfaces of acrylic glass or polycarbonate.

In addition to this lighting requirement, it is also necessary that a portion of the roof area, typically equivalent to 1% of the building floor area, be provided to allow ventilation of the building and smoke extraction by natural.

To this end, point skylights are known which comprise one or two opening leaves which are pivotally displaced by means of jacks.

However, these point skylights are intended to be fixed on flat surfaces. When constructing buildings, it is necessary to create additional openings independent of those already provided for lighting, to arrange these ventilation skylights, which leads to complications in the construction and in the assembly of the structure.

Such a skylight is described in French patent 2,151,541.

There are also known opening elements in arched vaults. These opening elements are similar to a part of the roof and can pivot under the action of two jacks around an axis integral with the base to which they are fixed.

However, given the width of these arched vaults, which are self-supporting up to 6 meters, the pivoting angle of the opening element is limited, which affects ventilation and above all smoke extraction.

In fact, when there is wind, it is stopped and driven back by the opening element which is pivoted about 90% and is substantially vertical.

Smoke extraction can therefore not be done correctly given the turbulence that exists at the outlet of the aeration.

In order not to be hampered by the wind, these opening elements should pivot at an angle of at least 140 °, which is made impossible by their weight and large surface area.

There are known opening elements, described in patent BE - A - 887,493, which are arranged opposite and are mounted on a tubular structure of steel or aluminum. Such a structure is relatively long and complicated to assemble and adjust on the arched arch. In addition, a cross member of closed cross section is located in the middle of the opening, the opening elements coming to rest on this cross when closed.

Such a solution does not solve the problems of sealing and rainwater flow in the middle of the opening.

The present invention aims to solve the aforementioned drawbacks and to provide a smoke extraction device for a curved vault which allows good smoke extraction and good ventilation of the building, without complicating construction and lengthening the assembly times of the curved structures and ensuring a good seal.

The smoke extraction device targeted by the invention is intended to equip a curved vault and comprises a support whose profile has a radius of curvature substantially equal to the radius of curvature of the curved vault, the support having two openings, and two leaves fixed to the support vis-à-vis, each leaf being adapted to close respectively an opening in a closed position, actuating means being adapted to pivotally pivot each leaf on said support symmetrically.

According to the invention, the device is characterized in that said support is made of polyester, said openings being separated by a groove forming a gutter.

The smoke extraction device according to the invention therefore makes it possible to equip a curved vault with two leaves which can be pivoted symmetrically opposite one another and which thus serve as screens for each other, which prevents areas of turbulence is not created above the ventilation openings.

The ventilation, and especially the smoke extraction, are thus greatly improved.

In addition, the support, due to its radius of curvature, is easily integrated into arched vaults, perfectly sealed.

The openings, surmounted by the leaves, are separated by a groove which plays the role of a gutter and in particular allows rainwater to be discharged.

The two leaves covering the openings are therefore separated from each other by means of this groove which thus ensures sealing at the level of the roof.

The support being made of polyester, it can be produced by molding, in one piece, which facilitates its assembly.

According to an advantageous version of the invention, the actuation means comprise a cylinder associated with each leaf, the rod of said cylinder being fixed to an articulation piece integral with the leaf.

Given the structure, only one cylinder per leaf is necessary to pivot it.

According to a preferred version of the invention, the leaves are made of polycarbonate.

Thus, the smoke extraction device does not harm the lighting of the building.

The incorporation of the smoke extraction device according to the invention in a curved vault intended for the lighting of the building therefore does not oblige to increase the total length of vault equipping the building.

Other features and advantages of the invention will appear in the description below.

• la figure 1 est une vue en perspective du dispositif d'aération selon l'invention;
• la figure 2 est une vue en coupe transversale du dispositif selon l'invention en position ouverte;
• la figure 3 est une demi-vue tronquée à échelle agrandie du dispositif de la figure 2 en position fermée;
• la figure 4 est une vue en coupe longitudinale du dispositif selon l'invention.

In the appended drawings given by way of nonlimiting examples:

• Figure 1 is a perspective view of the ventilation device according to the invention;
• Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the device according to the invention in open position;
• Figure 3 is a truncated half-view on an enlarged scale of the device of Figure 2 in the closed position;
• Figure 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of the device according to the invention.

As shown in Figure 1, the smoke extraction device 2 according to the invention is intended to equip a curved vault 1 which allows the lighting of the building.

This device 2 comprises a support 4 whose profile has a radius of curvature substantially equal to the radius of curvature of the arched arch 1.

The support 4 has two openings 5, 6 to allow smoke extraction and ventilation of the building.

Two leaves 10 are fixed to the support 4 and are adapted to close the openings 5, 6 respectively in a first so-called closed position.

As illustrated in FIG. 4, actuation means 14 are adapted to pivotally pivot each leaf on the support 4 symmetrically.

Each leaf 10 pivots about a pivot axis 12 parallel to the longitudinal direction of the arched arch 1.

Thus, each leaf 10 acts as a screen for the other leaf, which prevents air masses from accumulating above the openings 5, 6 and hindering the smoke extraction from the building.

Each opening 5, 6 is framed by a substantially vertical rim 7, each leaf 10 being fixed on a part of this rim 7.

As in the embodiment shown, the flanges 7 also have a curved profile parallel to the profile of the support 4. The leaves 10 also have a curved shape and come to rest in the closed position on the edges 7.

The openings 5, 6 are separated by a groove 9, the walls 7 of which are formed by flanges 7 of each opening 5, 6 located opposite.

The groove 9 is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the arched arch 1.

This groove 9 plays a role of gutter and in particular allows rainwater to flow from the roof. The water is thus discharged through the sides of the aeration device, then through the vault 1.

As illustrated in FIG. 3, sealing parts 18 equip the ends of the leaves 10 and guide the rainwater towards the groove 9 or towards the roof 1.

A cross member 8 extends in the openings 5, 6. The groove 9 having a recess 20 in its walls 7 adapted to the passage of the cross member 8. This cross member also has a curved shape and rests at its center in the groove 9. Des fixing means of the screw-nut type make it possible to maintain the crosspiece at the level of the groove 9 and also prevent the collapse of this groove 9. This crosspiece 8 is generally made of steel.

The actuating means 14 are fixed on the cross-member 8, at a fixing point 15 around which they can pivot.

These actuating means 14 comprise a jack 14 associated with each leaf 10, the rod of the jack 14 being fixed to an articulation piece 13 secured to the leaf 10. This articulation piece 13 is fixed to a crosspiece 19 secured to the leaf 10 and is located near the end of the leaf 10 which is raised when the leaf 10 is opened.

These jacks 14 are either jacks CO₂ tires which control the opening and closing of each leaf 10, or nitrogen cylinders which control the opening of the leaf, a mechanical return means making it possible to close the leaves 10.

The actuating means 14 are adapted to pivotly move each leaf 10 at an angle greater than 90 °.

The arrangement vis-à-vis the leaves allows, with an opening greater than 90 °, to have sufficient ventilation, unlike known devices with a single leaf which requires an opening at 140 °.

Given this lower opening angle, a single cylinder per leaf is sufficient to control the opening and closing of the leaf.

These jacks 14 are remotely controlled and can be associated with smoke or fire detectors to obtain the automatic opening of the leaves 10.

When opening, as shown in FIG. 3, the jacks 14 pivot around the fixing point 15 in the direction of the arrow F and their rod pushes the leaf 10 in the direction of the arrow J.

The entire smoke extraction device is symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal direction of the arched roof 1.

Like the vaults 1, the smoke extraction device can be self-supporting up to 6 meters.

Preferably, the support 4 is made of polyester and the leaves 10 are made of translucent polycarbonate, so as not to harm the lighting of the building. Thus, the surface of the roof intended for lighting is not reduced by the smoke extraction devices.

As shown in Figure 1, the device of smoke extraction according to the invention is adaptable to a curved vault 1 consisting of a series of curved translucent polyester plates fixed side by side on a base 3, of the curb type.

The support 4 is fixed to the base by means of fixing 11 of the screw-nut type in the same way as the curved plates of the arch 1.

The smoke extraction device 2 is sealingly adjacent to the curved plates 32 as shown in FIG. 4.

Preferably, in the polyester arches 1, there is an overlap zone between the ventilation device 2 and the curved plates 32 in order to seal the vault.

The support 4 has a width parallel to the longitudinal dimension of the vault 1, between once and twice the width of a curved plate 32 in the longitudinal direction of the vault 1. The length of the curved profile of the support 4 can vary from 1.5 meters to 6 meters, from centimeter to centimeter. The leaves correspond substantially to an area of 2 meters by 3 meters.

The construction of such a roof 1 equipped with smoke extraction devices is therefore no more complicated than the mounting of a roof 1 alone. It suffices to replace two curved plates 32 of the roof 1 with a smoke extraction device according to the invention which is mounted in the same way as the curved plates 32 on the base 3. The assembly time is therefore not lengthened.

In addition, the smoke extraction device 2 has a well defined structure at the time of its construction, which allows, during assembly, to assemble the curved plates 32 and the smoke extraction device 2 in a reproducible manner, without leaks or of operation due to mounting.

Arched vaults 1 typically have a radius of curvature between 3 and 3.3 meters. The supports 4 are manufactured with a transverse profile whose radius of curvature is substantially equal to 3.15 m. This allows taking into account the elasticity of the polyester support, to adapt the supports 4 to all the vaults whose radius of curvature varies between 3 and 3.3 meters.

This simplifies the construction of the supports 4 of the smoke extraction devices, although it is obviously possible to build, for each radius of curvature of the arch, the corresponding ventilation device, with the same radius of curvature.

The support is preferably made by molding and is in one piece.

As shown in FIG. 4, the smoke extraction device 2 according to the invention can also be adapted to a curved vault la made of aluminum.

The vaults 1a of this type have an aluminum structure 30 and filling panels 31 between the aluminum uprights. These filling panels 31 are made of polycarbonate or acrylic glass. The support 4 is slightly modified on its transverse sides in order to present a surface which can be fixed in the aluminum uprights in the same way as the filling panels.

Of course, many modifications can be made to the above example without departing from the scope of the invention.

Thus, the leaves may have a flat surface, the edges 7 of the support 4 then having curved edges adjacent to the support 4 and straight edges on which the leaves 10.

The single cross-member can also be replaced by two cross-members which are fixed in a fixing piece housed in the groove 9.

The smoke extraction device can be adapted to any type of vault, whatever their radius of curvature.

Claims (15)

Smoke extraction device for a curved vault (1, 1a), comprising a support (4) whose profile has a radius of curvature substantially equal to the radius of curvature of said curved vault (1, 1a), said support (4) comprising two openings (5, 6), and two leaves (10) fixed to the support (4) vis-à-vis, each leaf (10) being adapted to close respectively an opening (5, 6) in a closed position, means actuator (14) being adapted to pivotally pivot each leaf (10) on said support (4) symmetrically, characterized in that said support (4) is made of polyester, said openings (5, 6) being separated by a groove (9) forming a gutter. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that each leaf (10) pivots about a pivot axis (12) parallel to the longitudinal direction of the arched arch (1, 1a). Device according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that each opening (5, 6) is framed by a flange (7) substantially vertical, each leaf (10) being fixed on a part of said flange (7). Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the groove (9) separating the openings (5, 6) has walls (7) formed by flanges (7) of each opening (5, 6) located opposite. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the groove (9) is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the arched vault (1, 1a). Device according to one of claims 4 or 5, characterized in that a crosspiece (8) extends in the openings (5, 6). Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the actuating means (14) are fixed to said crosspiece (8). Device according to claim 7, characterized in that the actuating means (14) comprise at least one jack (14) associated with each leaf (10), the rod of said jack being fixed to an articulation piece (13) secured to the leaf (10). Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the actuating means (14) are adapted to pivotly move each leaf (10) at an angle greater than 90 °. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it is symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal direction of the arched vault (1, 1a). Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that said leaves (10) have a curved shape. Device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the leaves (10) are made of translucent polycarbonate. Device according to one of claims 1 to 12, adaptable to a curved arch (1) consisting of a series of curved polyester plates fixed side by side on a base (3), characterized in that the support (4 ) is fixed to said base (3) and is adjacent at least to a curved plate (32). Device according to claim 13, characterized in that said support (4) has a width between once and twice the width of a curved plate (32) of the roof (1). Device in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 14, said curved vault (1, 1a) having a radius of curvature between 3 and 3.3 meters, characterized in that the support (4) has a transverse profile whose radius of curvature is substantially equal to 3 , 15 m.

Images