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EP0895045B1 - Procédé de séparation d'air - Google Patents

Procédé de séparation d'air Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0895045B1
EP0895045B1 EP98113793A EP98113793A EP0895045B1 EP 0895045 B1 EP0895045 B1 EP 0895045B1 EP 98113793 A EP98113793 A EP 98113793A EP 98113793 A EP98113793 A EP 98113793A EP 0895045 B1 EP0895045 B1 EP 0895045B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid
tank
pressure
heat exchanger
product
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98113793A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0895045A2 (fr
EP0895045A3 (fr
Inventor
Horst Dipl.-Ing. Corduan
Stefan Dipl.-Ing. Lochner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Linde GmbH
Original Assignee
Linde GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Linde GmbH filed Critical Linde GmbH
Publication of EP0895045A2 publication Critical patent/EP0895045A2/fr
Publication of EP0895045A3 publication Critical patent/EP0895045A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0895045B1 publication Critical patent/EP0895045B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
    • F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
    • F25J3/04084—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
    • F25J3/04103—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression using solely hydrostatic liquid head
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04193—Division of the main heat exchange line in consecutive sections having different functions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04193—Division of the main heat exchange line in consecutive sections having different functions
    • F25J3/042—Division of the main heat exchange line in consecutive sections having different functions having an intermediate feed connection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/0423—Subcooling of liquid process streams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04236—Integration of different exchangers in a single core, so-called integrated cores
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
    • F25J3/04812—Different modes, i.e. "runs" of operation
    • F25J3/04824—Stopping of the process, e.g. defrosting or deriming; Back-up procedures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
    • F25J3/04812—Different modes, i.e. "runs" of operation
    • F25J3/04836—Variable air feed, i.e. "load" or product demand during specified periods, e.g. during periods with high respectively low power costs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J3/04872—Vertical layout of cold equipments within in the cold box, e.g. columns, heat exchangers etc.
    • F25J3/04878—Side by side arrangement of multiple vessels in a main column system, wherein the vessels are normally mounted one upon the other or forming different sections of the same column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J3/04951—Arrangements of multiple air fractionation units or multiple equipments fulfilling the same process step, e.g. multiple trains in a network
    • F25J3/04963—Arrangements of multiple air fractionation units or multiple equipments fulfilling the same process step, e.g. multiple trains in a network and inter-connecting equipment within or downstream of the fractionation unit(s)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2235/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams
    • F25J2235/42—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams the fluid being nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2235/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams
    • F25J2235/50—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams the fluid being oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/30—External or auxiliary boiler-condenser in general, e.g. without a specified fluid or one fluid is not a primary air component or an intermediate fluid
    • F25J2250/40—One fluid being air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/30—External or auxiliary boiler-condenser in general, e.g. without a specified fluid or one fluid is not a primary air component or an intermediate fluid
    • F25J2250/42—One fluid being nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/30—External or auxiliary boiler-condenser in general, e.g. without a specified fluid or one fluid is not a primary air component or an intermediate fluid
    • F25J2250/50—One fluid being oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device according to the preambles of independent claims 1 and 5, respectively.
  • the product gas obtained in an air separation plant is often under increased pressure needed.
  • the pressure is increased either by post-compression of the gaseous product by means of a compressor or by increasing the pressure of the product obtained in the liquid state and subsequent evaporation.
  • the latter method is also known as internal compression and has the advantage of less than gaseous product compression Equipment costs.
  • additional Components essentially require a storage tank, in which during the Part of the liquid product is routed during normal operation, as well as an emergency evaporator and a pump, with the help of which, if necessary, liquid from the tank to the Emergency evaporator can be pumped and evaporated there.
  • the main heat exchanger is usually used as the main heat carrier serving high pressure air flow, which after the main heat exchanger on a lower pressure is throttled and therefore in the following as a throttle current is referred to, and a stream referred to below as separation air stream is passed.
  • the latter is cooled down to its dew point and in the gaseous state State of the pressure column supplied, while the throttle current is mostly fluid in the Rectification.
  • the chosen designation does not mean that the choke current is not also broken down by rectification.
  • the object of the present invention is to make it inexpensive and technically simple implementing method of the type mentioned and a corresponding Show device, which with an emergency supply and an internal compression are provided and can be operated as flexibly as possible.
  • the feed air to be broken down is compressed and then in a main heat exchanger system in indirect Heat exchange cooled with one or more streams.
  • the cooled air is fed to a rectification system in which one or more fractions be won.
  • At least one liquid fraction is in a tank cached.
  • a corresponding part of the liquid is made removed from the tank and the pressure of this liquid with a suitable Device increased.
  • it is under increased pressure standing liquid preheated in a preheater and then in the main heat exchanger system evaporates.
  • the resulting gaseous The printed product is then used for its intended purpose.
  • the term preheater refers to the function of a Heat exchanger block or a section of a heat exchanger block.
  • the Pre-heat exchanger and the main heat exchanger do not necessarily have to be two be different components, but can be both as separate Heat exchanger blocks can be run as well as in a common Heat exchanger block can be integrated. It is essential that in the preheater such heating of the liquid under increased pressure is achieved, that liquefaction of the decomposition air, which is passed in gaseous form into the pressure column should be avoided at the cold end of the main heat exchanger.
  • the liquid stored in the tank by means of the device for increasing the pressure not pumped into the preheater, but into an emergency evaporator and there evaporated.
  • the gaseous product obtained in the emergency evaporator can then on the appropriate locations are forwarded to the emergency care sure.
  • An operating fault should be understood to mean all operating states at to whom the quantity or quality of the decomposition products produced does not meet the needs on these products. This can be caused by failures or Malfunction of system components. But also temporarily increased demand for one or more rectification products is in this Context referred to as a disturbance to the normal operation of the system. The Emergency care is guaranteed in times when the currently gained Amount of product does not meet requirements, adequate supply with gaseous product.
  • Any liquid storage device can serve as a tank. This can both inside and outside the cryogenic air separation plant be arranged.
  • the pressure increase of the liquid fraction can, for example, with a pump located downstream of the tank or by changing the static height of the liquid can be achieved.
  • the invention combines a method for generating gaseous Printed product by internal compression using a procedure for emergency supply. at the previous procedures, in which the internal compression and emergency care are independent of each other, are used for the internal compression of the liquid product and the emergency supply each has its own pump and corresponding lines and Valves needed.
  • the apparatus Effort significantly reduced.
  • the liquid fraction brought to increased pressure is according to the invention in indirect heat exchange with the liquid fraction fed into the tank heated.
  • the liquid product flows are removed from the rectification system obtained above atmospheric pressure and then in the under normal pressure standing tanks initiated. With the relaxation that occurs, evaporates Part of the liquid products and is therefore lost as a liquid. In the Heating of the internally compressed liquids in the heat exchange with the Product flows from the rectification system are the latter before being introduced in the tanks cooled, causing the losses described in the relaxation of the Liquids, the so-called flash losses, are lower.
  • Oxygen and / or nitrogen are preferred as liquid products from the Rectification system withdrawn, fed into a tank, at least partially again removed from the tank, compressed in the liquid state and then heated and evaporated.
  • part of the liquid fraction is removed according to the invention removed from the tank and fed to an emergency evaporator.
  • the emergency evaporator liquid fraction advantageous with ambient air or water as a heat transfer medium evaporated.
  • the invention relates also to a device with the features of claim 5.
  • the preheater in the line for removing the Liquid product arranged from the rectification system, so that by means of Device for increasing the pressure brought to increased pressure liquid product the product fed into the tank by the rectification system is heated.
  • the cleaned feed air is in a throttle flow 1 with a pressure of 5 to 70 bar and a separation air stream 31 compressed to pressure column pressure and introduced into the main heat exchanger system 2.
  • the maximum pressure on the the operational air can be compressed, is carried out by the execution of the Main heat exchanger 2 is determined in the main heat exchanger 2 gaseous decomposition air 31 cooled to about its dew point and via line 3 fed to the pressure column 4 of the rectification system.
  • the throttle air flow 1 is, as far if the Q-T curve allows, also cooled.
  • the rectification system includes: another a low-pressure column 5, which at a pressure between 1.1 and 3 bar, preferably between 1.3 and 1.7 bar, is operated.
  • the pressure column 4 and the Low pressure column 5 are in thermal contact via the main condenser 6.
  • Gaseous nitrogen 7 from the top of the pressure column 4 is in the main condenser 6 in heat exchange with liquid oxygen, the bottom of line 8 Low pressure column 5 is removed, liquefied.
  • the evaporating oxygen is introduced back into the low pressure column 5 via line 15.
  • the liquid On the one hand, nitrogen is applied to the pressure column 4 as reflux liquid 9, on the other hand, via the preheater 10, a liquid separator 11 fed. A part of the liquid folding in the separator 11 is called Return liquid 14 used for the low pressure column 5, the remaining liquid Nitrogen, which is under the top pressure of the low pressure column 5, is via line 12 relaxed in a liquid nitrogen tank 13.
  • the liquid nitrogen is in tank 13 preferably under atmospheric pressure. In the preheater 10 Temperature of the nitrogen is lowered, so that due to the pressure drop arising when the liquid nitrogen is introduced into the tank 13 Evaporation losses are very low.
  • Liquid oxygen 8 is taken from the bottom of the low-pressure column 5 and partly fed to the main capacitor 6, partly in one Preheat exchanger 16 subcooled.
  • the supercooled liquid oxygen is converted into one Liquid oxygen tank 17 introduced, in which the oxygen is under atmospheric pressure is stored.
  • the liquid nitrogen from the tank 13 is pumped to a pressure of brought up to 200 bar and then passed to the preheater 10 (Line 19).
  • the pressure nitrogen the temperature of 80 K, for example, in countercurrent to that from the main capacitor 6 stripped nitrogen heated to about 95 K.
  • the pressure nitrogen heated in this way is passed via line 20 to the main heat exchanger 2 before Main heat exchanger 2, line 20 branches into that in heat exchanger 2 leading lines 21a and 21b.
  • the line 21a is under high pressure standing nitrogen is passed directly into the heat exchanger 2, where it evaporates and can then via line 22a as a high pressure product with a pressure of preferably up to 60 bar.
  • the pressure of the in the Main heat exchanger 2 directed nitrogen can also be higher than 60 bar However, maximum pressure is due to the pressure resistance of the heat exchanger 2 certainly. A portion of the pressure nitrogen 20 can then be relaxed in line 21b evaporated and via line 22b as a gaseous product of medium pressure be removed.
  • At least part of the oxygen stored in the tank 17 is produced in an analogous manner internally compressed by the two pumps 23a and 23b.
  • the two oxygen flows brought to increased pressure through Heat exchange with that obtained from the bottom of the low pressure column 5 Oxygen flow warmed. After the evaporation of the internally compressed oxygen in the main heat exchanger 2 becomes more gaseous via the lines 24a and 24b Deducted oxygen of increased pressure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Procédé de fractionnement de l'air à basse température par rectification,
    de l'air de charge comprimé étant refroidi dans un échangeur thermique principal et étant acheminé à un système de rectification,
    une fraction fluide étant obtenue dans le système de rectification et stockée dans un réservoir,
    au moins une partie de la fraction fluide étant prélevée du réservoir en tant que produit fluide, et étant amenée à une pression élevée,
    et, en cours de fonctionnement normal,
    le produit fluide amené à une pression élevée étant échauffé
    et étant évaporé dans l'échangeur thermique principal,
    du produit gazeux sous pression élevée étant obtenu,
    alors qu'en cas de perturbations de fonctionnement
    au moins une partie du produit fluide est prélevée du réservoir, évaporée et utilisée en vue de l'alimentation d'urgence,
    caractérisé en ce que le produit fluide amené à une pression élevée est échauffé en échange thermique indirect dans un échangeur de chauffage préalable à l'aide de la fraction conduite dans le réservoir.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'on extrait l'oxygène en tant que fraction fluide.
  3. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'on extrait l'azote en tant que fraction fluide.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'en cas de perturbations de fonctionnement la fraction fluide est évaporée en échange thermique indirect à l'aide d'air ou d'eau.
  5. Dispositif en vue du fractionnement de l'air à basse température
    à l'aide d'un système de rectification,
    à l'aide d'un conduit d'air de charge, qui conduit dans un échangeur thermique principal et, de celui-ci, dans le système de rectification,
    à l'aide d'un conduit en vue du prélèvement d'une fraction fluide hors du système de rectification et en vue de son introduction dans un réservoir,
    à l'aide d'un conduit de produit fluide pour la fraction fluide allant du réservoir à l'échangeur thermique principal,
    à l'aide d'un conduit de produit en vue du prélèvement de la fraction fluide évaporée en tant que produit comprimé gazeux en provenance de l'échangeur thermique principal,
    à l'aide d'un dispositif disposé dans le conduit de produit fluide en vue de l'augmentation de la pression du produit fluide,
    et à l'aide d'un conduit bifurquant du conduit de produit fluide en aval du dispositif en vue de l'augmentation de pression de la fraction fluide, allant à un dispositif d'évaporation pour l'alimentation d'urgence,
    caractérisé en ce que l'on prévoit un échangeur de chauffage préalable, qui est disposé dans le conduit de produit fluide et dans le conduit en vue du prélèvement de la fraction fluide hors du système de rectification.
EP98113793A 1997-07-30 1998-07-23 Procédé de séparation d'air Expired - Lifetime EP0895045B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19732887 1997-07-30
DE19732887A DE19732887A1 (de) 1997-07-30 1997-07-30 Verfahren zur Luftzerlegung

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0895045A2 EP0895045A2 (fr) 1999-02-03
EP0895045A3 EP0895045A3 (fr) 1999-06-16
EP0895045B1 true EP0895045B1 (fr) 2002-11-27

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US (1) US6038885A (fr)
EP (1) EP0895045B1 (fr)
BR (1) BR9802805A (fr)
DE (2) DE19732887A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0895045T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2187861T3 (fr)
HU (1) HU220018B (fr)
PL (1) PL186823B1 (fr)

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DE102007031765A1 (de) 2007-07-07 2009-01-08 Linde Ag Verfahren zur Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft
DE102007031759A1 (de) 2007-07-07 2009-01-08 Linde Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von gasförmigem Druckprodukt durch Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft
DE102009034979A1 (de) 2009-04-28 2010-11-04 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von gasförmigem Drucksauerstoff
EP2312248A1 (fr) 2009-10-07 2011-04-20 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif de production d'oxygène sous pression et de crypton/xénon
EP2458311A1 (fr) 2010-11-25 2012-05-30 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif de production d'un produit d'impression gazeux par décomposition à basse température d'air
DE102010052544A1 (de) 2010-11-25 2012-05-31 Linde Ag Verfahren zur Gewinnung eines gasförmigen Druckprodukts durch Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft
EP2520886A1 (fr) 2011-05-05 2012-11-07 Linde AG Procédé et dispositif de production d'un produit comprimé à oxygène gazeux par décomposition à basse température d'air
EP2568242A1 (fr) 2011-09-08 2013-03-13 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif destinés à la production d'acier
EP2600090A1 (fr) 2011-12-01 2013-06-05 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif destinés à la production d'oxygène sous pression par décomposition à basse température de l'air
DE102011121314A1 (de) 2011-12-16 2013-06-20 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines gasförmigen Sauerstoff-Druckprodukts durch Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft
DE102013017590A1 (de) 2013-10-22 2014-01-02 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Gewinnung eines Krypton und Xenon enthaltenden Fluids und hierfür eingerichtete Luftzerlegungsanlage
DE102012017488A1 (de) 2012-09-04 2014-03-06 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Erstellung einer Luftzerlegungsanlage, Luftzerlegungsanlage und zugehöriges Betriebsverfahren
EP2784420A1 (fr) 2013-03-26 2014-10-01 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de séparation de l'air et installation de séparation de l'air
WO2014154339A2 (fr) 2013-03-26 2014-10-02 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de séparation d'air et installation de séparation d'air
EP2801777A1 (fr) 2013-05-08 2014-11-12 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Installation de décomposition de l'air dotée d'un entraînement de compresseur principal
EP2963370A1 (fr) 2014-07-05 2016-01-06 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procede et dispositif cryogeniques de separation d'air
EP2963369A1 (fr) 2014-07-05 2016-01-06 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procede et dispositif cryogeniques de separation d'air
EP2963371A1 (fr) 2014-07-05 2016-01-06 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procede et dispositif de production d'un produit de gaz sous pression par decomposition a basse temperature d'air
EP2963367A1 (fr) 2014-07-05 2016-01-06 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif cryogéniques de séparation d'air avec consommation d'énergie variable

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GB0219415D0 (en) * 2002-08-20 2002-09-25 Air Prod & Chem Process and apparatus for cryogenic separation process
FR2849172A1 (fr) * 2002-12-19 2004-06-25 Air Liquide Procede de distillation d'air ameliore, et installation de mise en oeuvre de ce procede
FR2853407B1 (fr) * 2003-04-02 2012-12-14 Air Liquide Procede et installation de fourniture de gaz sous pression
FR2855598B1 (fr) * 2003-05-28 2005-10-07 Air Liquide Procede et installation de fourniture de secours d'un gaz sous pression par vaporisation de liquide cryogenique
FR2872262B1 (fr) * 2004-06-29 2010-11-26 Air Liquide Procede et installation de fourniture de secours d'un gaz sous pression
DE102005029274A1 (de) * 2004-08-17 2006-02-23 Linde Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Gewinnung eines gasförmigen Druckprodukts durch Tieftemperatur-Zerlegung von Luft
DE102011015233A1 (de) * 2011-03-25 2012-09-27 Linde Ag Vorrichtung zur Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft
DE102015100714B4 (de) 2015-01-19 2023-03-02 Anton Paar Gmbh Scherrheometer

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GB929798A (en) * 1960-04-11 1963-06-26 British Oxygen Co Ltd Low temperature separation of air
FR2670278B1 (fr) * 1990-12-06 1993-01-22 Air Liquide Procede et installation de distillation d'air en regime variable de production d'oxygene gazeux.
JP2909678B2 (ja) * 1991-03-11 1999-06-23 レール・リキード・ソシエテ・アノニム・プール・レテュード・エ・レクスプロワタシオン・デ・プロセデ・ジョルジュ・クロード 圧力下のガス状酸素の製造方法及び製造装置
CN1071444C (zh) * 1992-02-21 2001-09-19 普拉塞尔技术有限公司 生产气体氧的低温空气分离系统
FR2699992B1 (fr) * 1992-12-30 1995-02-10 Air Liquide Procédé et installation de production d'oxygène gazeux sous pression.
FR2706195B1 (fr) * 1993-06-07 1995-07-28 Air Liquide Procédé et unité de fourniture d'un gaz sous pression à une installation consommatrice d'un constituant de l'air.
DE4415747C2 (de) * 1994-05-04 1996-04-25 Linde Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft
FR2723184B1 (fr) * 1994-07-29 1996-09-06 Grenier Maurice Procede et installation de production d'oxygene gazeux sous pression a debit variable
GB9521996D0 (en) * 1995-10-27 1996-01-03 Boc Group Plc Air separation
FR2757282B1 (fr) * 1996-12-12 2006-06-23 Air Liquide Procede et installation de fourniture d'un debit variable d'un gaz de l'air

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DE102007031765A1 (de) 2007-07-07 2009-01-08 Linde Ag Verfahren zur Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft
DE102007031759A1 (de) 2007-07-07 2009-01-08 Linde Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von gasförmigem Druckprodukt durch Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft
EP2015012A2 (fr) 2007-07-07 2009-01-14 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé pour la séparation cryogénique d'air
EP2015013A2 (fr) 2007-07-07 2009-01-14 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif de production d'un gaz sous pression par séparation cryogénique d'air
DE102009034979A1 (de) 2009-04-28 2010-11-04 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von gasförmigem Drucksauerstoff
EP2312248A1 (fr) 2009-10-07 2011-04-20 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif de production d'oxygène sous pression et de crypton/xénon
EP2458311A1 (fr) 2010-11-25 2012-05-30 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif de production d'un produit d'impression gazeux par décomposition à basse température d'air
DE102010052544A1 (de) 2010-11-25 2012-05-31 Linde Ag Verfahren zur Gewinnung eines gasförmigen Druckprodukts durch Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft
DE102010052545A1 (de) 2010-11-25 2012-05-31 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Gewinnung eines gasförmigen Druckprodukts durch Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft
EP2466236A1 (fr) 2010-11-25 2012-06-20 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de production d'un produit d'impression gazeux par décomposition à basse température de l'air
EP2520886A1 (fr) 2011-05-05 2012-11-07 Linde AG Procédé et dispositif de production d'un produit comprimé à oxygène gazeux par décomposition à basse température d'air
DE102011112909A1 (de) 2011-09-08 2013-03-14 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Gewinnung von Stahl
EP2568242A1 (fr) 2011-09-08 2013-03-13 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif destinés à la production d'acier
EP2600090A1 (fr) 2011-12-01 2013-06-05 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif destinés à la production d'oxygène sous pression par décomposition à basse température de l'air
DE102011121314A1 (de) 2011-12-16 2013-06-20 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines gasförmigen Sauerstoff-Druckprodukts durch Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft
DE102012017488A1 (de) 2012-09-04 2014-03-06 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Erstellung einer Luftzerlegungsanlage, Luftzerlegungsanlage und zugehöriges Betriebsverfahren
EP2784420A1 (fr) 2013-03-26 2014-10-01 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de séparation de l'air et installation de séparation de l'air
WO2014154339A2 (fr) 2013-03-26 2014-10-02 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de séparation d'air et installation de séparation d'air
EP2801777A1 (fr) 2013-05-08 2014-11-12 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Installation de décomposition de l'air dotée d'un entraînement de compresseur principal
DE102013017590A1 (de) 2013-10-22 2014-01-02 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Gewinnung eines Krypton und Xenon enthaltenden Fluids und hierfür eingerichtete Luftzerlegungsanlage
EP2963370A1 (fr) 2014-07-05 2016-01-06 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procede et dispositif cryogeniques de separation d'air
EP2963369A1 (fr) 2014-07-05 2016-01-06 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procede et dispositif cryogeniques de separation d'air
EP2963371A1 (fr) 2014-07-05 2016-01-06 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procede et dispositif de production d'un produit de gaz sous pression par decomposition a basse temperature d'air
EP2963367A1 (fr) 2014-07-05 2016-01-06 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif cryogéniques de séparation d'air avec consommation d'énergie variable
WO2016005031A1 (fr) 2014-07-05 2016-01-14 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif de fractionnement de l'air à basse température à consommation d'énergie variable

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2187861T3 (es) 2003-06-16
EP0895045A2 (fr) 1999-02-03
HU220018B (hu) 2001-10-28
HUP9801620A1 (hu) 1999-03-29
DE19732887A1 (de) 1999-02-04
PL327374A1 (en) 1999-02-01
US6038885A (en) 2000-03-21
BR9802805A (pt) 1999-10-05
PL186823B1 (pl) 2004-03-31
DK0895045T3 (da) 2003-03-03
HU9801620D0 (en) 1998-09-28
DE59806410D1 (de) 2003-01-09
EP0895045A3 (fr) 1999-06-16

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