EP0628121A1 - Plastering and lining strip for window stiles, door stiles and the like for the join with the plastering. - Google Patents
Plastering and lining strip for window stiles, door stiles and the like for the join with the plastering.Info
- Publication number
- EP0628121A1 EP0628121A1 EP93904018A EP93904018A EP0628121A1 EP 0628121 A1 EP0628121 A1 EP 0628121A1 EP 93904018 A EP93904018 A EP 93904018A EP 93904018 A EP93904018 A EP 93904018A EP 0628121 A1 EP0628121 A1 EP 0628121A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- web
- strip
- plaster
- bar
- protective
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/02—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings of plastic materials hardening after applying, e.g. plaster
- E04F13/04—Bases for plaster
- E04F13/06—Edge-protecting borders
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/02—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings of plastic materials hardening after applying, e.g. plaster
- E04F13/04—Bases for plaster
- E04F13/06—Edge-protecting borders
- E04F13/068—Edge-protecting borders combined with mesh material or the like to allow plaster to bond therewith
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F19/00—Other details of constructional parts for finishing work on buildings
- E04F19/02—Borders; Finishing strips, e.g. beadings; Light coves
- E04F19/04—Borders; Finishing strips, e.g. beadings; Light coves for use between floor or ceiling and wall, e.g. skirtings
- E04F19/049—Plinths specially adapted for joining wall coverings to floor surfaces
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/24—Safety or protective measures preventing damage to building parts or finishing work during construction
- E04G21/30—Safety or protective measures preventing damage to building parts or finishing work during construction against mechanical damage or dirt, e.g. guard covers of stairs
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B1/00—Border constructions of openings in walls, floors, or ceilings; Frames to be rigidly mounted in such openings
- E06B1/62—Tightening or covering joints between the border of openings and the frame or between contiguous frames
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/02—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings of plastic materials hardening after applying, e.g. plaster
- E04F13/04—Bases for plaster
- E04F13/06—Edge-protecting borders
- E04F2013/063—Edge-protecting borders for corners
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B1/00—Border constructions of openings in walls, floors, or ceilings; Frames to be rigidly mounted in such openings
- E06B1/62—Tightening or covering joints between the border of openings and the frame or between contiguous frames
- E06B2001/624—Tightening or covering joints between the border of openings and the frame or between contiguous frames with parts to be embedded in the stucco layer or otherwise linked to this layer
Definitions
- the invention relates to a plastering and protective strip for window frames, door frames or the like at the transition to plaster, with the following features:
- the bar has a base area which is provided on its rear side with an adhesive tape for fastening the bar to the window frame, door frame or the like;
- the bar has at least one web extending from the front of the base area and extending along the bar;
- a strip-shaped protective flap is provided which is connected to the base region of the bar via a small thickness break-off material bridge.
- a bar of this type is known from the document DE 87 15 604 U.
- window frames and door frames (these are the fixed window frames or door frames firmly connected to the structure) are inserted into corresponding wall openings in the shell and fastened there.
- the Shell plastered outside and inside In a later phase the Shell plastered outside and inside.
- the connection of the plaster to the window frame or door frame is a critical point because the plaster meets the material of the window frame or door frame (usually wood, plastic or metal) and there is no perfect bond comes in. Since the plaster shrinks somewhat during drying and since window frames and door frames are exposed to vibrations, for example due to the windows or doors slamming violently, there is a risk of a crack or gap forming between the plaster and the window frame or door frame.
- the invention has for its object to provide a plastering and protective strip of the type mentioned, which is considerably less visible after the plaster has been applied.
- the bar is characterized according to the invention in that
- Protective flap and the web or - in the case of several webs - the web closer to the protective flap has a strip-shaped spacing extension, (e) a plaster receiving space having an essentially L-shaped cross section being formed by the spacing extension and the said web; and
- the bar Due to this being covered, the bar is visually almost invisible. On closer inspection, the adhesive tape can still be seen from certain angles, but this is visually less of an issue than the previously visible, usually several mm high web of the strip. Color contrasts between the material of the bar and the window frame or door frame and the plaster no longer appear optically. In addition to these aesthetic advantages, there is the advantage that the bar material is no longer exposed to UV radiation and therefore with Security is not subject to aging, color changes or the like. As a result, a plastic can be selected for the bar which is somewhat less favorable from the aging point of view mentioned, but which is environmentally friendly and / or recyclable.
- the simplest way to create the described small final thickness of the spacer extension is to design the spacer extension overall with the smallest possible material thickness. However, this design has limits due to the minimum stability of the distance extension to be observed. In a further development of the invention, it is preferred if the spacing extension (starting from a greater material thickness) is rounded, beveled or beveled and rounded into the small final thickness.
- the strip projecting from the front of the base region, has a second web, which extends along the strip, which is further away from the protective flap than the first web and which is spaced from the first web.
- the first web and / or the second web is preferably undercut in such a way that a movement of the plaster from the front of the base region is positively hindered. A shrinkage of the plaster during drying then no longer leads to the plaster detaching from the bar. The transition between the plaster and the skirting is kept crack-free and rainproof.
- the first web and / or the second web has openings so that the plaster penetrates the web or the webs.
- the provision of openings in the first web is a separate invention, which can also be implemented independently of the feature of the distance continuation. It is favorable if the breakout edges in their part or all of the breakouts align the rear area with the front of the base area. As a result, these aligned areas are free of burrs that could hinder a perfect plastering into the openings.
- the openings can be made, for example, by punching or by pushing through a perforating tool. Continuous production is possible, for example, by means of a rotating tool that carries perforation punches along its circumference.
- the back of the protective flap has a spacing web which extends along the protective flap and which preferably has a height such that it essentially ends in one plane with the back of the adhesive tape.
- the spacer ensures that the protective flap is at a distance from the window frame or door frame, so that after plastering has been completed, it can be conveniently broken off with fingers and by bending upwards. Slightly scratching the break-off material bridge before breaking off the protective flap is advantageous in some cases.
- the spacing web prevents the protective flap from escaping too much to the rear when a protective film is attached, thereby making it more difficult to attach the protective film. It is clear from the description of the functions of the spacing web that the intended effects are also achieved if its height deviates from the preferred height described.
- the protective flap has an adhesive layer on its front for attaching a window surface or door surface covering protective film. It is understood that the adhesive layer is preferably provided with an easily removable cover strip in the delivery state.
- the spacing extension preferably has a width which essentially corresponds to the thickness of a surface coating to be applied.
- the flat side of the web facing away from the wall to be plastered or - in the case of two webs - the web adjacent to the protective lug can be used as a peeling edge when applying the under-plaster. Then the top plaster is applied, which extends into the essentially L-shaped plaster receiving space.
- the free edge of the distance extension can be used as an orientation aid or as a peel edge.
- Plastering and protective strips with which a piece of reinforcing fabric is connected or which have a device for clamping a reinforcing fabric to be embedded in the plaster are already known. These strips are intended for use in buildings that are provided with so-called full heat protection.
- a thermal insulation layer e.g. B. made of foamed polystyrene sheets or fiber material, and the plaster is applied to the outside of this thermal barrier coating.
- a reinforcing fabric is normally first applied to the thermal insulation layer, for example held by a filler.
- the reinforcement fabric consists of a mesh-like plastic product. Plastering and protective strips with reinforcing fabric pieces serve to, too In the area of the window reveal or door reveal, reinforcement fabrics are available on the thermal insulation layer.
- the strip according to the invention is connected in its delivery state to a piece of reinforcement fabric or the strip according to the invention has a device for clamping a reinforcement fabric to be embedded in the plaster.
- a preferred embodiment of the clamping device has a strip-shaped clamping tab, which is connected to the bar via a bendable material bridge and is snapped in with its edge behind a ledge projection in the clamping position.
- this embodiment of the clamping device is only one of several possible.
- one can in particular provide an undercut clamping channel into which an edge of the reinforcing fabric piece is inserted, whereupon the channel is closed by a snap-in closing part which clamps the reinforcing fabric piece in the channel.
- the channel can be approximately three-quarter circular, for example, and the closing part can be a round bar.
- the strip according to the invention preferably consists of plastic.
- Polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene are primarily suitable.
- the bar can be manufactured inexpensively using the extrusion process. Alternatively, it is possible to make the bar from metal.
- Figure 1 is a bar in cross section, glued to a window frame or door frame, after applying the wall plaster.
- Fig. 3 is a side view of the bar of Figure 2 according to arrow II;
- FIG. 4 shows a variant of the bar of FIGS. 2 and 3 in a side view like FIG. 3;
- Figures 5 to 7 three further embodiments of a bar in cross section
- Fig. 8 shows a further embodiment of a bar in cross section.
- FIG. 1 is a horizontal cross section through part of a house wall 2, which may consist, for example, of brick or concrete.
- the top of the drawing side of FIG. 1 is the outside of the house, and the bottom of the drawing side of FIG. 1 is the inside of the house.
- the boundary line running from top to bottom in FIG. 1 is the reveal 4, the boundary line of the wall 2 running horizontally in FIG. 1 represents the outer surface 6 of the unplastered wall 2.
- a fair bit further to the left of the drawing 1 has a mirror image of one to present an identical wall section so that the two reveal surfaces 4 delimit a wall opening on both sides.
- a window frame 8 is fastened in the wall opening, the joint between the outside of the window frame 8 and the soffits 4 being filled with hardened polyurethane foam 10.
- a glass pane 12, preferably a double glass pane, is fastened in the window frame 8 by means of a block strip 14 placed in front of it. It is therefore a fixed window pane 12. In the case of an open window sash, the pane 12 does not sit directly in the window frame 8, but in an open window frame which is attached to the window frame 8 with hinges.
- the adhesive tape 16 consists of high-strength foam plastic, which is elastic, but has a relatively high compression resistance.
- the adhesive tape 16 also serves as a sealing tape.
- the strip 18 Apart from the adhesive tape 16, the strip 18 essentially consists of a base region 20, two webs 22 and a protective flap 24.
- the base region 20 has a flat rear side (below in FIG. 1) to which the adhesive tape 16 is adhered.
- the two webs 22 protrude at right angles from the front (top in FIG. 1) of the base region 20.
- the two webs 22 are each delimited by two mutually parallel surfaces and by an end face at the free end.
- the outer surface of the in Fig. 1 right web 22 merges into the local end of base region 20 there.
- the web 22 on the left in FIG. 1 has a lateral distance a from the front end 26 of the base region 20 on the left in FIG. 1. This left end end 26 is located on the side of the strip 18 facing away from the reveal 4.
- the continuation of the base region 20 to the left beyond the location of the left web 22 is referred to as the distance extension 28.
- an essentially L-shaped plaster receptacle 34 is delimited by the left flat side 30 of the left web 22 and the front surface 32 of the spacer extension 28.
- first web The left web 22 in FIG. 1 is referred to in the claims and the introduction to the description as "first web”
- the right web 22 in FIG. 1 is referred to in the claims and in the description as "second web”.
- An essentially U-shaped plaster receiving space 36 is delimited by the inner flat sides of the two webs 22 and the front side of the base region 20.
- the right web 22 is at a distance from the reveal 4.
- the strip 18 could also be glued in such a way that the right web 22 sits close to the reveal 4.
- the strip-shaped protective tab 24 adjoins the side end 26 of the base region 20.
- the front side of the protective tab 24 is flat and is essentially in continuation of the rear side of the base region 20.
- the protective tab 24 On its rear side, has an essentially protruding rearward angle. footbridge 38.
- the spacer web 38 is so high that the protective flap 24 is supported on the rear side via the spacer web 38 on the window frame 8 such that the front side of the protective flap 24 is essentially parallel to the front side of the window frame 8.
- the protective tab 24 has an adhesive layer 40 on its front side.
- a protective film 42 which extends from the strip 18 to the left in FIG. 1, is adhered to this.
- the protective flap 24 is connected to the spacing extension 28 via a break-off material bridge 44.
- cross section of the strip 18, including the protective flap 24, is constant over its entire length, so that the strip 18 can be easily produced by extrusion.
- a flush 46 is applied to the reveal 4 in such a thickness that the right web 22 is embedded in the flush 46 and that the flush 46 is essentially flush with the left flat side of the left web 22 completes.
- the flat side 30 can be used as a peeling edge.
- a layer of top plaster 48 is applied to the flush-mounted plaster essentially in the thickness of dimension a defined further above.
- the side end 26 of the spacer extension 28 can serve as a peeling edge.
- the protective film 42 is removed and the protective lug 24 is broken off at the break-off material bridge 44. Since the thickness of the spacer extension 28 - going from a thickness corresponding to the thickness of the base region 20 - rounded to a minimum final thickness at the side end of the spacing extension, only a very narrow strip of material remains from the protective strip material (apart from the adhesive tape 16) after the protective flap 24 has broken off, corresponding to the broken one Break-off material bridge 44, visible.
- the strip 18 according to FIGS. 2 and 3 serves to illustrate a preferred further training measure.
- a series of openings 50 is provided in each of the two webs 22. 3, the openings 50 are essentially rectangular with rounded corners, while in the embodiment of FIG. 4 the openings 50 are essentially semicircular.
- the rear areas of the breakthrough edges are flush with the front side 52 of the base area 20.
- the perforations 50 can also be provided in shapes other than those shown in FIGS. B. square, circular, circular etc. Along each web 22, the shape of the openings 50 can change. The shape of the openings 50 can be different for the left web 22 and for the right web 22. It is possible to provide only one of the two webs 22 with openings 50.
- FIG. 2 also serves to variant the transition of the thickness of the spacing extension 28 to one to illustrate the smallest possible final thickness by means of a bevel.
- FIGS. 5 to 7 illustrate embodiments of the strip 18 in which the two webs 22 are shaped such that an undercut is formed on the left side of the right web 22 and / or on the right side of the left web 22 and / or on the left side of the left web 22 . These undercuts prevent the plaster from moving away from the front of the base region 20 of the strip 18 in the direction of the arrow P.
- the two webs 22 each have an essentially triangular projection 54 in the vicinity of their front end, which is directed inward in cross section.
- the projections 54 could also be more rounded-bead-shaped, see FIG. 6 on the right.
- the left web 22 is initially cranked inward at about half the height, then cranked again in the original direction, and cranked outwards at the end. This results in an undercut on the left web 22 both in the plaster receiving space 36 and in the plaster receiving space 34.
- the two webs 22 do not run flat but curved in the sense that the plaster receiving space 36 is maximally narrowed at about half the height of the strip 18 and becomes wider behind it.
- the plaster receiving space 34 is maximally widened approximately halfway up the bar 18 and narrowed at the front end of the bar 18.
- the design features described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 7 can also be combined with one another in a different way than shown in the illustrated embodiments.
- the multi-cranked left web 22 of FIG. 6 can be combined with a curved, right web.
- the essential is the creation of functional undercuts on the left side of the left web 22 (FIGS. 6 and 7) and / or on the right side of the left web 22 (FIGS. 5, 6, 7) and / or on the left side of the right web 22 (FIGS. 5, 6, 7) and / or on the right side of the right web 22 (FIG. 7).
- the undercut measures for the two webs 22 can be different, as illustrated by FIG. 6 as an example.
- FIGS. 2 to 7 the adhesive tape 16 and the adhesive layer 40 have been omitted for illustration of the drawing.
- the two webs 22 can have a different height.
- a strip 18 is illustrated in FIG. 8, which is connected to a piece of reinforcement fabric 56.
- This bar 18 has only one web 22.
- the base region 20 merges with a flexible material bridge 58 of reduced thickness into a strip-shaped clamping tab 60.
- the pinch tab 60 is bent back by approximately 180 ° relative to the base region 20, and its tapered end 62 is snapped or locked behind a projection 64 or a nose of the web 22.
- the base region 20 has two or more projections 66 extending along the bar 18 on its front side 52. The edge of the reinforcing fabric piece 56 is clamped between the front 52 of the base region 20, in particular the projections 66, and the back of the bent-back clamping tab 60.
- the reinforcing fabric piece 56 leads out of the strip 18 between the end 62 of the clamping tab 60 and the projection 64.
- a plaster receiving space 34 is delimited from the left flat side 30 of the web 22 and the front side of the spacing extension 28, as in the previous embodiments. As in the previous exemplary embodiments, the side end of the spacing extension 28 is reduced to a minimum final thickness.
- the gutter 68 serves as a centering aid in the event that you want to additionally fix the bar 18 to the window or door frame by screwing.
- the strip 18 can also have spaced screw holes, for example in the channel 68 or without the channel 68 being present. It goes without saying that the channel 68 and / or the screw holes can be provided in all embodiments.
- the strip 18 consists of plastic, alternatively of metal. It is also possible to produce and distribute strips 18 with different widths a of the spacer extension 28, specifically to the thickness of the top coat 48 to be applied.
- the spacing extension has a width a, which corresponds to the grain of the finishing coat to be used or is somewhat larger.
- a typical example is 3 mm.
- Typical dimensions of the bar are:
- the strip according to the invention can be used not only at the transition from a window or door frame to wall plaster, but generally wherever plaster is adjacent to a component made of wood, plastic or metal. Another example of this are beams emerging from a wall.
- the strip 18 could be attached to the window frame 8, for example by means of at least one strip of a self-adhesive, permanently plastic sealing compound, preferably butyl rubber or a hot melt, extending along the strip 18 .
- adhesive tape used in the present application can be replaced by the more general term "means for adhesive attachment".
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)
- Specific Sealing Or Ventilating Devices For Doors And Windows (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4205927 | 1992-02-26 | ||
DE4205927A DE4205927C1 (en) | 1992-02-26 | 1992-02-26 | |
PCT/EP1993/000440 WO1993017204A1 (en) | 1992-02-26 | 1993-02-25 | Plastering and lining strip for window stiles, door stiles and the like for the join with the plastering |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0628121A1 true EP0628121A1 (en) | 1994-12-14 |
EP0628121B1 EP0628121B1 (en) | 1996-05-01 |
Family
ID=6452649
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP93904018A Expired - Lifetime EP0628121B1 (en) | 1992-02-26 | 1993-02-25 | Plastering and lining strip for window stiles, door stiles and the like for the join with the plastering |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5671571A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0628121B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE137554T1 (en) |
CZ (1) | CZ286262B6 (en) |
DE (2) | DE4205927C1 (en) |
HU (1) | HU213703B (en) |
SK (1) | SK281398B6 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1993017204A1 (en) |
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DE19625562A1 (en) * | 1996-06-26 | 1998-01-08 | Heinz Feldmeier | Frame and structure with window or door openings |
DE19744031A1 (en) * | 1997-10-06 | 1999-06-17 | August Braun | Bordering strip for the edge of an interior building board |
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AU1479102A (en) * | 2000-11-03 | 2002-05-15 | Fabio Coslovi | A buiding guide strip |
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US20040206023A1 (en) * | 2002-06-25 | 2004-10-21 | Collins P. Michael | Backer rod material and joint construction for building components |
US6993874B2 (en) * | 2002-08-23 | 2006-02-07 | John T. Trout | Joint materials and configurations |
DE20214192U1 (en) * | 2002-09-13 | 2003-01-09 | Braun, August, Schaffhausen | Plastering strip with reinforcement fabric section |
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DE8715604U1 (en) * | 1987-11-25 | 1988-01-14 | Braun, August, 6653 Blieskastel | Protective strip during wall plastering |
DE3739912A1 (en) * | 1987-11-25 | 1989-06-08 | August Braun | PROTECTIVE BAR FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A CLEANING CONNECTION FOR MINERAL AND ORGANIC FULL HEAT PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN THE WALL CLEANING PROCESS |
GB8909020D0 (en) * | 1989-04-20 | 1989-06-07 | Bruce Aidan S | Trim strip |
US5022212A (en) * | 1989-08-28 | 1991-06-11 | Thomas Lippolt | Molding structure |
DE9107334U1 (en) * | 1991-06-13 | 1991-08-22 | Riehl, Dirk, 6106 Erzhausen | Strip to protect windows and doors during plastering |
-
1992
- 1992-02-26 DE DE4205927A patent/DE4205927C1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1993
- 1993-02-25 WO PCT/EP1993/000440 patent/WO1993017204A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1993-02-25 DE DE59302454T patent/DE59302454D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-02-25 CZ CZ19942037A patent/CZ286262B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-02-25 US US08/295,632 patent/US5671571A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-02-25 HU HU9402455A patent/HU213703B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-02-25 SK SK1018-94A patent/SK281398B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-02-25 AT AT93904018T patent/ATE137554T1/en active
- 1993-02-25 EP EP93904018A patent/EP0628121B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9317204A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE137554T1 (en) | 1996-05-15 |
EP0628121B1 (en) | 1996-05-01 |
SK101894A3 (en) | 1996-01-10 |
WO1993017204A1 (en) | 1993-09-02 |
HU213703B (en) | 1997-09-29 |
DE4205927C1 (en) | 1993-08-19 |
SK281398B6 (en) | 2001-03-12 |
HU9402455D0 (en) | 1994-11-28 |
CZ286262B6 (en) | 2000-02-16 |
CZ203794A3 (en) | 1999-12-15 |
US5671571A (en) | 1997-09-30 |
HUT68176A (en) | 1995-05-29 |
DE59302454D1 (en) | 1996-06-05 |
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