EP0554853A1 - Electrodes with fibre composite materials for a plug - Google Patents
Electrodes with fibre composite materials for a plug Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0554853A1 EP0554853A1 EP93101659A EP93101659A EP0554853A1 EP 0554853 A1 EP0554853 A1 EP 0554853A1 EP 93101659 A EP93101659 A EP 93101659A EP 93101659 A EP93101659 A EP 93101659A EP 0554853 A1 EP0554853 A1 EP 0554853A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- platinum
- nickel
- electrode
- spark
- spark plug
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims description 36
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- PCLURTMBFDTLSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel platinum Chemical compound [Ni].[Pt] PCLURTMBFDTLSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cu] YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- MOFOBJHOKRNACT-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel silver Chemical compound [Ni].[Ag] MOFOBJHOKRNACT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical group [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NEIHULKJZQTQKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Ag] Chemical compound [Cu].[Ag] NEIHULKJZQTQKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003251 chemically resistant material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000156 glass melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- BBKFSSMUWOMYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold palladium Chemical compound [Pd].[Au] BBKFSSMUWOMYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 platinum metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
- H01T13/39—Selection of materials for electrodes
Definitions
- the invention relates to a spark plug with an insulator, a center electrode arranged in the insulator, a body arranged on the outside of the insulator and a body electrode attached to the body.
- the center electrode and / or the body electrode are usually formed from silver or nickel alloys or from a nickel-copper two-material material.
- Spark plugs with platinum electrodes as the center electrode and / or body electrode are also known.
- the object on which the invention is based is to provide a spark plug of the type mentioned at the outset, which is associated with lower costs despite a long service life.
- At least the central electrode or the body electrode is thus formed from a platinum-nickel fiber composite material, which reduces the need for platinum or a platinum alloy and thus leads to considerable cost savings.
- the electrodes of the spark plug are formed in that pieces or disks made of the platinum-nickel fiber composite material are embedded in or attached to the spark-side end of the electrodes, which may otherwise consist of a conventional electrode material such as nickel-copper two-component, the platinum is protected from carburization.
- a peak response and field distortion between the nickel as magnetic and the platinum as non-magnetic material result in a lower response voltage. This means that the nickel is removed first and the platinum protrudes. Since platinum dissipates the heat even better than Nikkel, the nickel is additionally cooled, which leads to an overall longer service life.
- fiber composite material pieces or disks made of the platinum-nickel fiber composite are arranged at the ignition-side end of electrodes made of a base material such as nickel-copper two-component, there is a further saving in the high-cost platinum material.
- the nickel alloy can be a conventional spark plug nickel alloy, preferably with 1-4% silicon and 0.3% magnesium.
- Pipes made of nickel or a nickel alloy can also be provided, which are filled with the work function for the electrode-lowering substances such as metal oxides or semiconducting substances and are introduced into a platinum matrix and shaped until only thin nickel fibers are left.
- FIG. 4 shows a known spark plug with an insulator 5, a central electrode 1 arranged in the insulator and made of a nickel jacket and a copper core with a platinum-nickel insert, one on the outside body 6 arranged on the insulator 5 and a body electrode 3 made of Nikkel or Inconell or a nickel jacket, copper core with platinum-nickel disk, shown on the body 6.
- the center electrode is attached in the insulator 5 via a glass melt 7, optionally with interference suppression or erosion resistance.
- the air spark gap 8 is located between the body electrode and the center electrode 3, 5.
- 5, 5a, 5b show body electrode arrangements which are currently common with platinum or gold-palladium materials made of solid material. According to the invention, these can advantageously consist of a platinum-nickel fiber composite material.
- the basic design of the first exemplary embodiment of the spark plug according to the invention shown in FIGS. 1 and 1 corresponds to the design of the known spark plug shown in FIG. 4 with the exception of the design of the center electrode 1 and the body electrode 3.
- the center electrode 1 has an insert 2 made of a platinum-nickel fiber composite material, which consists of a platinum matrix in which nickel fibers or nickel alloy fibers are embedded.
- This insert 2 can be embedded in an electrode made of conventional electrode base material such as nickel-copper two-component.
- a similar insert 4 made of the platinum-nickel fiber composite material can be provided at the ignition-spark end of the body electrode 3.
- the inserts 2 and 4 can be attached to the electrode ends as disks or plates, for example welded on or embedded in them, for example tapped.
- the disks or plates can protrude in the direction of the spark path in front of the nickel body or center electrode 1, 3. If the fiber composite material is embedded in the electrode base material, there is the advantage that the platinum is embedded in addition to the ignition point and is protected against carburization with a rich mixture.
- one or more roof electrodes 3 with the corresponding inserts or shoulders 4 made of the platinum-nickel fiber composite material can be provided as body electrodes.
- the fiber composite insert 4 has a fiber course in the ignition direction. The fibers can also run across the direction of ignition, provided that they are exposed on the surface.
- FIG 3 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the spark plug according to the invention, in which the central electrode 1 is provided with a fiber composite material insert 2 and a disk 4 made of the fiber composite material is provided on the body electrode 3.
- an electrode using a platinum-nickel fiber composite i.e. the center electrode or the body electrode in combination with a conventional counter electrode made of a nickel electrode material, i.e. a conventional nickel alloy with preferably 1 - 4% Si and 0.3% Mg, a nickel-copper two-substance electrode as a central or body electrode, a silver-copper two-substance electrode or a silver-nickel fiber composite electrode.
- Interference suppression or erosion resistors 7 with a wire-wound base or glass melting can also be provided.
- a spark area with a combination of air and sliding spark gaps leads to a reduction in the response voltage. If a shot chamber 10 is provided, improved insulator cleaning results.
- spark plug according to the invention it is possible to achieve a high electrode spacing and an acceptable response voltage despite a high compression. This results in further physical effects such as a peak effect and field distortion due to the combination of the non-magnetic and magnetic materials platinum and nickel.
- the fiber composite material made of nickel and platinum fulfills the demand for a lower electrode erosion rate, since it is an erosion-resistant and chemically resistant material, which enables a long service life of the corresponding spark plug.
- Both the platinum and nickel alloys are sufficiently resistant to erosion. Platinum only appears in a honeycomb shape on the erosion surface after several 100 hours of running time, namely over the entire fiber composite surfaces in the burning area of the sparks. Together with the field distortion at the separation points between the magnetic nickel and the non-magnetic platinum, this leads to increased peak effects, which applies both to the body electrodes and to the center electrodes of the spark plugs.
- additives that lower the work function such as Metal oxides and semiconductors that withstand the combustion chamber conditions can further reduce the response voltage.
- thin nickel tubes filled with such substances are used as inserts in the platinum matrix and worked over until the nickel is present as a thin fiber.
- the platinum-nickel fiber composite material can be in the form of a disk e.g. be tapped into a center electrode made of solid material, welded over the entire diameter, provided with the direction of the fibers in the axis and transverse to the axis, welded to the body electrode, i.e. welded on the face, or used as a rivet in a body electrode bore.
- platinum rods into a nickel matrix and to shape them until there are enough fine fibers of platinum. In the event of burning, platinum peaks appear over the more burning nickel matrix after a longer period of time.
Landscapes
- Spark Plugs (AREA)
- Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Zündkerze mit einem Isolator, einer im Isolator angeordneten Mittelelektrode, einem außen am Isolator angeordneten Körper und einer am Körper angebrachten Körperelektrode.The invention relates to a spark plug with an insulator, a center electrode arranged in the insulator, a body arranged on the outside of the insulator and a body electrode attached to the body.
Bei einer derartigen üblichen Zündkerze sind die Mittelelektrode und/oder die Körperelektrode üblicherweise aus Silber- oder Nickellegierungen oder aus einem Nickel-Kupfer-Zweistoffwerkstoff gebildet.In such a conventional spark plug, the center electrode and / or the body electrode are usually formed from silver or nickel alloys or from a nickel-copper two-material material.
Es sind auch Zündkerzen mit Platinelektroden als Mittelelektrode und/oder Körperelektrode bekannt.Spark plugs with platinum electrodes as the center electrode and / or body electrode are also known.
Aus der DE-OS 2 508 490 sind weiterhin ein Silber-Nickel-Verbundwerkstoff in Form eines Silber-Nickel-Faserverbundes für Elektroden sowie ein Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung bekannt.From DE-OS 2 508 490 a silver-nickel composite material in the form of a silver-nickel fiber composite for electrodes and a method for its production are also known.
Bei einer Zündkerze mit Platinelektroden werden für eine lange Lebensdauer der Zündkerze, beispielsweise für Gasmotoren, von über 1000 Stunden große Platinmengen als Abbrandreserve benötigt. Das Platin muß darüber hinaus vor Aufkohlung geschützt werden, wobei die hohen Kompressionsdrucke bei Gasmotoren kleine Elektrodenabstände bedingen. Kleine Elektrodenabstände von beispielsweise 0,3 mm sind jedoch schwierig einzustellen. Die Verwendung von Platinmetallen und Platinlegierungen zur Herstellung der Elektroden ist darüber hinaus mit hohen Kosten verbunden.In the case of a spark plug with platinum electrodes, large amounts of platinum are required as a burn-up reserve for a long service life of the spark plug, for example for gas engines, of more than 1000 hours. The platinum must also be protected from carburizing, the high compression pressures in gas engines requiring small electrode gaps. Small electrode spacings of 0.3 mm, for example, are difficult to set. The use of platinum metals and platinum alloys for the manufacture of the electrodes is also associated with high costs.
Die der Erfindung zugrunde liegende Aufgabe besteht demgegenüber darin, eine Zündkerze der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, die trotz einer langen Lebensdauer mit geringeren Kosten verbunden ist.The object on which the invention is based, on the other hand, is to provide a spark plug of the type mentioned at the outset, which is associated with lower costs despite a long service life.
Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß der Erfindung durch die Ausbildung gelöst, die im Kennzeichen des Patentanspruchs 1 angegeben ist.This object is achieved according to the invention by the training specified in the characterizing part of
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Zündkerze ist somit wenigstens die Mittelelektrode oder die Körperelektrode aus einem PlatinNickel-Faserverbundwerkstoff gebildet, was den Bedarf an Platin bzw. einer Platinlegierung reduziert und somit zu einer erheblichen Kosteneinsparung führt.In the spark plug according to the invention, at least the central electrode or the body electrode is thus formed from a platinum-nickel fiber composite material, which reduces the need for platinum or a platinum alloy and thus leads to considerable cost savings.
Die aufgrund des verringerten Zündspannungsbedarfs möglichen größeren Elektrodenabstände machen es möglich, das Verbrennungsgemisch abzumagern. Das führt insgesamt zu einem besseren Maschinenwirkungsgrad und zu einem geringeren Verbrauch. Werden die Fertigungsschwierigkeiten bei kleinen Elektrodenabständen in Kauf genommen, so führt die dadurch größere Abbrandreserve zu einer längeren Lebensdauer.The larger electrode spacings possible due to the reduced ignition voltage requirement make it possible to lean the combustion mixture. Overall, this leads to better machine efficiency and lower consumption. If the manufacturing difficulties with small electrode gaps are accepted, the larger burn-up reserve leads to a longer service life.
Besonders bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der erfindungsgemäßen Zündkerze sind Gegenstand der Patentansprüche 2 bis 5.Particularly preferred refinements and developments of the spark plug according to the invention are the subject of
Wenn insbesondere die Elektroden der Zündkerze dadurch gebildet sind, daß Stücke oder Scheiben aus dem Platin-Nickel-Faserverbundwerkstoff in das zündfunkenseitige Ende der Elektroden eingelagert oder dort angebracht sind, die im übrigen aus einem üblichen Elektrodenmaterial wie beispielsweise Nickel-Kupfer-Zweistoff bestehen können, ist das Platin vor Aufkohlung geschützt. Durch Spitzenwirkung und Feldverzerrung zwischen dem Nickel als magnetischem und dem Platin als nicht magnetischem Material ergibt sich eine niedrigere Ansprechspannung. Das heißt, daß bei der Zündung das Nickel zuerst abgetragen wird und Platin vorsteht. Da Platin noch besser als Nikkel die Wärme ableitet, wird das Nickel zusätzlich gekühlt, was insgesamt zur besseren Standzeit führt.If, in particular, the electrodes of the spark plug are formed in that pieces or disks made of the platinum-nickel fiber composite material are embedded in or attached to the spark-side end of the electrodes, which may otherwise consist of a conventional electrode material such as nickel-copper two-component, the platinum is protected from carburization. A peak response and field distortion between the nickel as magnetic and the platinum as non-magnetic material result in a lower response voltage. This means that the nickel is removed first and the platinum protrudes. Since platinum dissipates the heat even better than Nikkel, the nickel is additionally cooled, which leads to an overall longer service life.
Wenn Faserverbundwerkstoffstücke oder - scheiben aus dem Platin-Nickel-Faserverbund am zündfunkenseitigen Ende von Elektroden aus einem Basismaterial wie beispielsweise Nickel-Kupfer-Zweistoff angeordnet sind, ergibt sich eine weitere Einsparung an dem mit hohen Kosten verbundenen Platinmaterial.If fiber composite material pieces or disks made of the platinum-nickel fiber composite are arranged at the ignition-side end of electrodes made of a base material such as nickel-copper two-component, there is a further saving in the high-cost platinum material.
Aus Gründen der Wärmeausdehnung ist es bevorzugt, 100 bis 6000 Nickel- oder Nickellegierungsfasern pro mm2 des Verbundwerkstoffes in der Platinmatrix vorzusehen. Die Nickellegierung kann eine übliche Zündkerzen-Nickellegierung, vorzugsweise mit 1 - 4 % Silizium und 0,3 % Magnesium sein.For reasons of thermal expansion, it is preferred to provide 100 to 6000 nickel or nickel alloy fibers per mm 2 of the composite in the platinum matrix. The nickel alloy can be a conventional spark plug nickel alloy, preferably with 1-4% silicon and 0.3% magnesium.
Es können auch Rohre aus Nickel oder einer Nickellegierung vorgesehen sein, die mit die Austrittsarbeit für die Elektroden absenkenden Stoffen wie beispielsweise Metalloxiden oder halbleitenden Stoffen gefüllt sind und in eine Platinmatrix eingebracht und solang umgeformt werden, bis nur noch dünne Nickelfasern vorliegen.Pipes made of nickel or a nickel alloy can also be provided, which are filled with the work function for the electrode-lowering substances such as metal oxides or semiconducting substances and are introduced into a platinum matrix and shaped until only thin nickel fibers are left.
Im folgenden werden anhand der zugehörigen Zeichnung besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung näher beschrieben. Es zeigen
- Fig. 1 eine Teilschnittansicht eines Ausführungsbeispiels der erfindungsgemäßen Zündkerze,
- Fig. 1 in einer perspektivischen Ansicht das zündfunkenseitige Ende der Dachelektrode der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Zündkerze,
- Fig. 2 eine Teilschnittansicht eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels der erfindungsgemäßen Zündkerze,
- Fig. 3 eine Teilschnittansicht noch eines Ausführungsbeispiels der erfindungsgemäßen Zündkerze,
- Fig. 4 eine Teilschnittansicht einer bekannten Platinzündkerze, und
- Fig. 5, 5a, 5b eine Teilschnittansicht und Draufsichten auf übliche Körperelektrodenanordnungen.
- 1 is a partial sectional view of an embodiment of the spark plug according to the invention,
- 1 is a perspective view of the ignition-side end of the roof electrode of the spark plug shown in FIG. 1,
- 2 is a partial sectional view of another embodiment of the spark plug according to the invention,
- 3 is a partial sectional view of another embodiment of the spark plug according to the invention,
- Fig. 4 is a partial sectional view of a known platinum spark plug, and
- 5, 5a, 5b are a partial sectional view and top views of conventional body electrode arrangements.
In Fig. 4 ist eine bekannte Zündkerze mit einem Isolator 5, einer im Isolator angeordneten Mittelelektrode 1 aus einem Nickelmantel und Kupferkern mit einem Platin-Nickel-Einsatz, einem außen am Isolator 5 angeordneten Körper 6 und einer am Körper 6 angebrachten Körperelektrode 3 aus Nikkel oder Inconell oder einem Nickelmantel, Kupferkern mit Platin-Nickel-Scheibe dargestellt. Die Mittelelektrode ist über eine Glaseinschmelzung 7 gegebenenfalls mit Entstör- oder Abbrandwiderstand im Isolator 5 angebracht. Zwischen der Körperelektrode und der Mittelelektrode 3, 5 befindet sich die Luftfunkenstrecke 8.4 shows a known spark plug with an
In den Fig. 5, 5a, 5b sind Körperelektrodenanordnungen dargestellt, die gegenwärtig mit Platin-oder Gold-Palladium-Werkstoffen aus Vollmaterial üblich sind. Vorteilhafterweise können diese gemäß der Erfindung aus einem Platin-Nickel-Faserverbundwerkstoffbestehen.5, 5a, 5b show body electrode arrangements which are currently common with platinum or gold-palladium materials made of solid material. According to the invention, these can advantageously consist of a platinum-nickel fiber composite material.
Das in Fig. 1 und Fig. 1 dargestellte erste Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Zündkerze entspricht in seinem Grundaufbau dem in Fig. 4 dargestellten Aufbau der bekannten Zündkerze mit der Ausnahme der Ausbildung der Mittelelektrode 1 und der Körperelektrode 3.The basic design of the first exemplary embodiment of the spark plug according to the invention shown in FIGS. 1 and 1 corresponds to the design of the known spark plug shown in FIG. 4 with the exception of the design of the
Die Mittelelektrode 1 weist einen Einsatz 2 aus einem Platin-Nickel-Faserverbundwerkstoff auf, der aus einer Platinmatrix besteht, in die Nickelfasern oder Nickellegierungsfasern eingebettet sind. Dieser Einsatz 2 kann in einer Elektrode aus üblichem Elektrodengrundmaterial wie beispielsweise Nickel-Kupfer-Zweistoff eingebettet sein. In gleicher Weise kann am zündfunkenseitigen Ende der Körperelektrode 3 ein ähnlicher Einsatz 4 aus dem Platin- Nickel-Faserverbundmaterial vorgesehen sein. Die Einsätze 2 und 4 können als Scheiben oder Platten an den Elektrodenenden angebracht, beispielsweise aufgeschweißt oder in diese eingebettet, beispielsweise eingezapft, sein. Die Scheiben oder Platten können in Richtung der Funkenbahn vor der Nickel-Körper- oder Mittelelektrode 1, 3 vorstehen. Wenn das Faserverbundmaterial in das Elektrodengrundmaterial eingebettet ist, ergibt sich der Vorteil, daß das Platin außer an der Zündstelle eingebettet und vor Aufkohlung bei fettem Gemisch geschützt ist.The
Wie es in Fig. 2 dargestellt ist, können als Körperelektroden ein oder mehrere Dachelektroden 3 mit den entsprechenden Ein- oder Ansätzen 4 aus dem Platin-Nickel-Faserverbundmaterial vorgesehen sein. Bei der in Fig. 2 dargestellten Zündkerze mit zwei Seitenelektroden hat der Faserverbundeinsatz 4 einen Faserverlauf in Zündrichtung. Die Fasern können aber auch quer zur Zündrichtung laufen, sofern sie oberflächlich freigelegt sind.As shown in FIG. 2, one or
In Fig. 3 ist ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Zündkerze dargestellt, bei der die Mittelelektrode 1 mit einem Faserverbundwerkstoffeinsatz 2 versehen ist und auf der Körperelektrode 3 eine Scheibe 4 aus dem Faserverbundwerkstoff vorgesehen ist.3 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the spark plug according to the invention, in which the
Es ist auch möglich, eine unter Verwendung eines PlatinNickel-Faserverbundwerkstoffes gebildete Elektrode, d.h. die Mittelelektrode oder die Körperelektrode in Kombination mit einer üblichen Gegenelektrode aus einem Nickel-Elektrodenmaterial, d.h. einer üblichen Nickellegierung mit vorzugsweise 1 - 4 % Si und 0,3 % Mg, einer Nickel-Kupfer-Zweistoffelektrode als Mittel- oder Körperelektrode, einer Silber-Kupfer-Zweistoffelektrode oder einer Silber-Nickel-Faserverbundelektrode zu verwenden. Weiterhin können Entstör- oder Abbrandwiderstände 7 mit drahtgewickelter Basis oder Glaseinschmelzung vorgesehen sein. Ein Funkenbereich mit einer Kombination aus Luft- und Gleitfunkenstrecke führt zu einer Herabsetzung der Ansprechspannung. Wenn eine Schußkammer 10 vorgesehen ist, ergibt sich eine verbesserter Isolatorreinigung.It is also possible to form an electrode using a platinum-nickel fiber composite, i.e. the center electrode or the body electrode in combination with a conventional counter electrode made of a nickel electrode material, i.e. a conventional nickel alloy with preferably 1 - 4% Si and 0.3% Mg, a nickel-copper two-substance electrode as a central or body electrode, a silver-copper two-substance electrode or a silver-nickel fiber composite electrode. Interference suppression or
Gasmotoren sollen mit möglichst mageren Gemischen auskommen, um einen guten Wirkungsgrad zu erzielen, was für den Verkaufserfolg entscheidend ist. Diese Gemische werden im Grenzbereich inhomogen. Es ist deshalb nötig, mit Zündkerzen zu arbeiten, die einen großen Elektrodenabstand haben, um ein möglichst mageres zündfähiges Gemisch entzünden zu können.Gas engines should make do with as lean mixtures as possible in order to achieve good efficiency, which is crucial for the sales success. These mixtures become inhomogeneous in the border area. It is therefore necessary to work with spark plugs that have a large electrode gap in order to ignite the leanest possible mixture.
Bedingt durch die hohen Verdichtungsdrücke ergibt sich eine hohe Ansprechspannung, wodurch wiederum die Größe des Elektrodenabstandes im Hinblick auf das Zündspannungsangebot begrenzt ist.Due to the high compression pressures, there is a high response voltage, which in turn limits the size of the electrode spacing with regard to the ignition voltage supply.
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Zündkerze ist es möglich, trotz einer hohen Verdichtung noch einen hohen Elektrodenabstand und eine annehmbare Ansprechspannung zu erzielen. Dabei stellen sich weitere physikalische Effekte wie eine Spitzenwirkung und Feldverzerrung aufgrund der Kombination der unmagnetischen und magnetischen Materialien Platin und Nickel ein.With the spark plug according to the invention it is possible to achieve a high electrode spacing and an acceptable response voltage despite a high compression. This results in further physical effects such as a peak effect and field distortion due to the combination of the non-magnetic and magnetic materials platinum and nickel.
Das Faserverbundmaterial aus Nickel und Platin erfüllt die Forderung nach einer geringeren Elektrodenabbrandrate, da es ein abbrandfestes und chemisch beständiges Material ist, was eine lange Lebensdauer der entsprechenden Zündkerze ermöglicht. Sowohl die Platin- als auch die Nickellegierung sind ausreichend abbrandfest. Platin tritt erst nach mehreren 100 Stunden Laufzeit gegenüber dem Nickel etwa wabenförmig auf der Abbrandfläche vor und zwar über die gesamten Faserverbundflächen im Brennbereich der Funken. Das führt zusammen mit den Feldverzerrung an den Trennstellen zwischen dem magnetischen Nikkel und dem unmagnetischen Platin zu verstärkten Spitzenwirkungen, was sowohl für die Körperelektroden als auch für die Mittelelektroden der Zündkerzen gilt.The fiber composite material made of nickel and platinum fulfills the demand for a lower electrode erosion rate, since it is an erosion-resistant and chemically resistant material, which enables a long service life of the corresponding spark plug. Both the platinum and nickel alloys are sufficiently resistant to erosion. Platinum only appears in a honeycomb shape on the erosion surface after several 100 hours of running time, namely over the entire fiber composite surfaces in the burning area of the sparks. Together with the field distortion at the separation points between the magnetic nickel and the non-magnetic platinum, this leads to increased peak effects, which applies both to the body electrodes and to the center electrodes of the spark plugs.
Durch die Verwendung von Zusatzstoffen, die die Austrittsarbeit absenken, wie beispielsweise Metalloxiden und Halbleitern, die den Brennraumbedingungen standhalten, läßt sich die Ansprechspannung weiter absenken. Dazu werden statt Drähten dünne, mit derartigen Stoffen gefüllte Nickelrohre als Einsätze in der Platinmatrix verwandt und solange umgearbeitet, bis das Nickel als dünne Faser vorliegt.By using additives that lower the work function, such as Metal oxides and semiconductors that withstand the combustion chamber conditions can further reduce the response voltage. For this purpose, instead of wires, thin nickel tubes filled with such substances are used as inserts in the platinum matrix and worked over until the nickel is present as a thin fiber.
Der Platin-Nickel-Faserverbundwerkstoff kann in Form einer Scheibe z.B. in eine Mittelelektrode aus Vollmaterial eingezapft sein, über den ganzen Durchmesser aufgeschweißt sein, mit Faserrichtung in Achse und quer zur Achse vorgesehen sein, an die Körperelektrode angeschweißt, d.h. stirnseitig angeschweißt, oder in eine Körperelektrodenbohrung als Niet eingesetzt sein.The platinum-nickel fiber composite material can be in the form of a disk e.g. be tapped into a center electrode made of solid material, welded over the entire diameter, provided with the direction of the fibers in the axis and transverse to the axis, welded to the body electrode, i.e. welded on the face, or used as a rivet in a body electrode bore.
Es ist weiterhin möglich, in eine Nickelmatrix Platinstäbe einzubringen und diese solange umzuformen, bis genügend feine Fasern aus Platin vorliegen. Bei Abbrand treten dann nach längerer Laufzeit Platinspitzen über die stärker abbrennende Nickelmatrix vor.It is also possible to insert platinum rods into a nickel matrix and to shape them until there are enough fine fibers of platinum. In the event of burning, platinum peaks appear over the more burning nickel matrix after a longer period of time.
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4203251 | 1992-02-05 | ||
| DE4203251A DE4203251A1 (en) | 1992-02-05 | 1992-02-05 | SPARK PLUG |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0554853A1 true EP0554853A1 (en) | 1993-08-11 |
| EP0554853B1 EP0554853B1 (en) | 1995-06-07 |
Family
ID=6450991
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP93101659A Expired - Lifetime EP0554853B1 (en) | 1992-02-05 | 1993-02-03 | Electrodes with fibre composite materials for a plug |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5510667A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0554853B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3436556B2 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4203251A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2073310T3 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1276189A1 (en) * | 2000-02-16 | 2003-01-15 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd | Spark plug |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6533629B1 (en) | 1999-07-13 | 2003-03-18 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Spark plug including a wear-resistant electrode tip made from a co-extruded composite material, and method of making same |
| JP2002033176A (en) * | 2000-05-12 | 2002-01-31 | Denso Corp | Spark plug and manufacturing method thereof |
| JP4433634B2 (en) * | 2000-06-29 | 2010-03-17 | 株式会社デンソー | Spark plug for cogeneration |
| US6614145B2 (en) | 2001-08-21 | 2003-09-02 | Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc. | Two-piece swaged center electrode assembly |
| DE10331267A1 (en) * | 2003-07-10 | 2005-02-03 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | fuel injection system |
| US7049733B2 (en) * | 2003-11-05 | 2006-05-23 | Federal-Mogul Worldwide, Inc. | Spark plug center electrode assembly |
| US7011560B2 (en) * | 2003-11-05 | 2006-03-14 | Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc. | Spark plug with ground electrode having mechanically locked precious metal feature |
| CN101507067A (en) | 2006-06-19 | 2009-08-12 | 费德罗-莫格尔公司 | Spark plug with fine wire ground electrode |
| US8334642B2 (en) | 2010-05-11 | 2012-12-18 | Caterpillar Inc. | Spark plug |
| DE102012107771B4 (en) * | 2012-08-23 | 2019-05-09 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Gmbh | Spark plug with ronde-shaped noble metal component |
| DE102015121862B4 (en) | 2015-12-15 | 2017-12-28 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Gmbh | spark plug |
| US20230299566A1 (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2023-09-21 | EcoPower Spark, LLC | Spark plug with integrated center electrode |
| US11621544B1 (en) | 2022-01-14 | 2023-04-04 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Gmbh | Spark plug electrode and method of manufacturing the same |
| US11831130B2 (en) | 2022-03-29 | 2023-11-28 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Gmbh | Spark plug, spark plug electrode, and method of manufacturing the same |
| US11837852B1 (en) | 2022-07-27 | 2023-12-05 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Gmbh | Spark plug electrode with electrode tip directly thermally coupled to heat dissipating core and method of manufacturing the same |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3433683A1 (en) * | 1983-09-13 | 1985-06-20 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd., Nagoya, Aichi | Method for the manufacture of a centre electrode for a spark plug |
| EP0171994A1 (en) * | 1984-08-07 | 1986-02-19 | NGK Spark Plug Co. Ltd. | Spark plug |
| US4581558A (en) * | 1982-01-14 | 1986-04-08 | Nippondenso Co., Ltd. | Spark plug for internal combustion engines having an alloy layer between the electrodes and tip ends |
| US4670684A (en) * | 1983-03-02 | 1987-06-02 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Spark plug |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2508490C3 (en) * | 1975-02-27 | 1984-07-26 | G. Rau GmbH & Co, 7530 Pforzheim | Metallic composite material and process for its manufacture |
| DE2549931A1 (en) * | 1975-11-07 | 1977-05-18 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | SPARK PLUG ELECTRODE |
| JPS5936390B2 (en) * | 1981-03-31 | 1984-09-03 | 株式会社デンソー | Spark plug for internal combustion engine |
| US4540910A (en) * | 1982-11-22 | 1985-09-10 | Nippondenso Co., Ltd. | Spark plug for internal-combustion engine |
| JPS60125339A (en) * | 1983-12-07 | 1985-07-04 | Hitachi Ltd | Manufacture of copper-carbon fiber composite material |
| DE3605300A1 (en) * | 1986-02-19 | 1987-08-20 | Beru Werk Ruprecht Gmbh Co A | SPARK PLUG |
| JPS62226592A (en) * | 1986-03-28 | 1987-10-05 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | Ignition plug |
| US5210457A (en) * | 1990-09-07 | 1993-05-11 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Outer electrode for spark plug and a method of manufacturing thereof |
-
1992
- 1992-02-05 DE DE4203251A patent/DE4203251A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1993
- 1993-02-03 EP EP93101659A patent/EP0554853B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-02-03 ES ES93101659T patent/ES2073310T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-02-03 DE DE59300237T patent/DE59300237D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-02-05 JP JP04069493A patent/JP3436556B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-02-05 US US08/015,024 patent/US5510667A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4581558A (en) * | 1982-01-14 | 1986-04-08 | Nippondenso Co., Ltd. | Spark plug for internal combustion engines having an alloy layer between the electrodes and tip ends |
| US4670684A (en) * | 1983-03-02 | 1987-06-02 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Spark plug |
| DE3433683A1 (en) * | 1983-09-13 | 1985-06-20 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd., Nagoya, Aichi | Method for the manufacture of a centre electrode for a spark plug |
| EP0171994A1 (en) * | 1984-08-07 | 1986-02-19 | NGK Spark Plug Co. Ltd. | Spark plug |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 009, no. 278 (C-312)6. November 1985 & JP-A-60 125 339 ( HITACHI SEISAKUSHO KK ) 4. Juli 1985 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1276189A1 (en) * | 2000-02-16 | 2003-01-15 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd | Spark plug |
| EP1276189A4 (en) * | 2000-02-16 | 2007-01-03 | Ngk Spark Plug Co | Spark plug |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0613157A (en) | 1994-01-21 |
| EP0554853B1 (en) | 1995-06-07 |
| DE4203251A1 (en) | 1993-08-12 |
| DE59300237D1 (en) | 1995-07-13 |
| ES2073310T3 (en) | 1995-08-01 |
| JP3436556B2 (en) | 2003-08-11 |
| US5510667A (en) | 1996-04-23 |
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