EP0475890B1 - Wiping device for the plate cylinder of a gravure printing machine - Google Patents
Wiping device for the plate cylinder of a gravure printing machine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0475890B1 EP0475890B1 EP91810636A EP91810636A EP0475890B1 EP 0475890 B1 EP0475890 B1 EP 0475890B1 EP 91810636 A EP91810636 A EP 91810636A EP 91810636 A EP91810636 A EP 91810636A EP 0475890 B1 EP0475890 B1 EP 0475890B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wiping
- cylinder
- trough
- adjusting
- pivot axis
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 238000007646 gravure printing Methods 0.000 title 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F9/00—Rotary intaglio printing presses
- B41F9/06—Details
- B41F9/08—Wiping mechanisms
- B41F9/10—Doctors, scrapers, or like devices
- B41F9/1018—Doctors, scrapers, or like devices using a wiping cylinder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F9/00—Rotary intaglio printing presses
- B41F9/06—Details
- B41F9/08—Wiping mechanisms
- B41F9/10—Doctors, scrapers, or like devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F33/00—Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
- B41F33/0072—Devices for measuring the pressure between cylinders or bearer rings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F9/00—Rotary intaglio printing presses
- B41F9/06—Details
- B41F9/08—Wiping mechanisms
Definitions
- the invention relates to a wiper device for the plate cylinder of an intaglio printing machine according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Such a wiper device is known from GB-A-793 790; the geometrical arrangement, according to which the pivot axis of the tub lies approximately in the plane passing through the axis of rotation of the wiper cylinder, which is parallel to the tangential plane of these two cylinders passing through the point of contact between the wiper cylinder and plate cylinder, can only be seen in the drawing.
- This trough is mounted in the device frame by means of a stationary axis, and the force exerted by the adjusting device in the form of a screw spindle on the wiping cylinder is transmitted by means of a coil spring.
- a pressure control system to provide, which has a force measuring device measuring the actual value of the contact pressure and a doctor blade carrier adjustable by a motor, this motor being controlled by the force measuring device in such a way that the contact pressure is kept constant at a manageable target value.
- the invention has for its object to provide a wiping device in which the contact pressure with which the wiping cylinder rests on the plate cylinder is more precise and easier than before, in particular during printing operation, is adjustable and uniform over the entire length of the cylinder and which is a simple one Constant direct measurement of the contact pressure and thus pressure control enables the frictional forces between the wiper and plate cylinders to measure the pressure measurement as little or as little as possible affect.
- a control of the contact pressure can preferably be carried out with the wiper device according to the invention, in that a force measuring device measuring the actual value of the contact pressure is provided and the adjusting device forms, together with this force measuring device, a pressure control system which keeps the contact pressure of the wiping cylinder constant at a predefinable setpoint value during operation .
- the arrangement is preferably such that the contact pressure is transmitted to the tub by side actuating rods and that the end of each actuating rod facing away from the wiping cylinder is articulated on a sliding piece which is supported on an abutment, the bearing surface of which points to the longitudinal axis of the actuating rods Forms angle; this slider is displaceable on the support surface by an actuator.
- a part of each actuating rod is preferably formed by a hydraulic cylinder which is subjected to a predeterminable pressure and which is used to turn the wiping cylinder on and off and to roughly adjust the contact pressure; the position of the slider then defines the pressure adjustment.
- the plate cylinder 1 of an intaglio printing machine interacts with the wiper cylinder 2 of the wiper device.
- the wiping cylinder 2 is partially immersed in a tub 4 filled with a cleaning liquid and is mounted with its pins 3 concentrically in bearings 3a which are mounted in the opposite side walls 4a of the tub 4.
- Bearings 3a are preferably self-aligning bearings with plain bearings. The self-aligning bearings prevent the slide bearings from tilting and allow compensation when the pins 3 are inclined due to a deflection of the wiper cylinder 2.
- trough 4 there are also the usual, schematically illustrated cleaning elements in the form of doctor blades 16 and brushes 17, which are on the wiper cylinder surface and clean them of paint.
- Plate cylinder 1 and wiper cylinder 2 have the same direction of rotation F1 and F2, that is, opposite peripheral speeds at the point of contact.
- the tub 4 is installed on a carriage 20 which can be displaced on a frame 18 of the printing press between a working position shown in FIG. 1, in which the wiping cylinder 2 rests on the plate cylinder 1, and an out-of-operation position, in which the wiping cylinder 2 extends from Plate cylinder 1 is moved.
- Carrier parts 20a fastened on the slide 20 serve to support the base of the tub 4 when it is moved away. The displaceability of the slide 20 will be discussed later.
- the tub 4 In the working position of the wiper cylinder 2, the tub 4 is mounted such that it can be tilted about a pivot axis 6, which lies in the lower region of the rear of the tub.
- This pivot axis 6 is arranged in the plane T 'passing through the wiper cylinder axis of rotation, which is parallel to the tangential plane T going through the point of contact between the wiper cylinder 2 and plate cylinder 1; the direction of movement of the wiper cylinder circumference at the point of contact, as indicated by the direction of rotation F2, points downward, that is to say approximately to the pivot axis 6.
- a bearing 15 designed as a self-aligning bearing with a pin 6a seated in the bearing opening 15a and two support rollers 22 provided on both sides of this bearing 15 on the tub 4 serve to support the wiping cylinder 2 and are supported in a freely rollable manner on inclined bearing surfaces 23.
- the bearing 15 protrudes from the rear of the tub 4 and, as shown in FIG. 2, extends only in the central region of the tub 4.
- the pin 6a is supported in supports 18a, 18b which rest on the frame 18 are attached.
- the two support rollers 22 are mounted with their pins 6b in projections 21 which are attached to the tub 4.
- the bearing surfaces 23 are formed by inclined surfaces of two supports 18c fastened to the frame 18.
- the axes of the pins 6b of the two support rollers 22 and the axis of the pin 6a of the bearing 15 are aligned with one another and define the pivot axis 6.
- the inclination of the bearing surfaces 23, which lie in a common plane, is selected such that they are at least approximately perpendicular to the mentioned plane T ', that is also perpendicular to the tangential plane T, are oriented.
- the storage described ensures that the tub 4 is not only around the mentioned Pivot axis 6, in the sense of arrow F3 according to Figure 1, but also in the direction of arrow F3 'about a pivot axis 6' which is perpendicular to the first-mentioned pivot axis 6 and intersects the wiper cylinder axis of rotation.
- the bearing surfaces 23 for the support rollers 22 could also be fastened to the slide 20, but the fastening to the frame 18 is more advantageous in order to achieve increased rigidity.
- an adjusting rod is articulated to the tub 4 below the bearing 3a by means of a pin 5.
- the other end of this adjusting rod 7 is articulated by means of a pin 9a on a slide 9, which can be pushed back and forth on a horizontal, flat abutment 10, which is formed by the surface of the slide 20, in the direction of the arrows F4, F5 ie the direction of displacement is parallel to a plane perpendicular to the wiper cylinder axis 3.
- the actuating rod 7 forms an acute angle with the contact surface of the abutment 10.
- An actuating device acting on the slider 9 is used to generate the contact pressure, which in the exemplary embodiment under consideration consists of an actuator 13 in the form of an electric servomotor and an actuating gear 12 driven by the latter with an adjusting spindle 11 which can be displaced in the longitudinal direction and is fastened to the slider 9.
- the actuating gear 12 can in particular be a worm gear contain.
- the actuating rods 7 can be rigid, one-piece arms.
- the wiper cylinder 2 is pressed more strongly against the plate cylinder 1 by the adjusting rods 7, the trough 4 tilting upward about its pivot axis 6 in the direction of the curved arrow F3.
- the movement of the tub 4 by means of the adjusting rods 7 is a superposition of two pivoting movements about the pivot axes 6 and 6 '.
- the arrangement can, for example, be such that, starting from an initial position of the wiping cylinder 2, in which it presses against the plate cylinder 1 with a certain force, the adjustment range of the slider 9 is between -7.0 mm (in the sense of a reduction in the contact pressure) and + 5.6 mm (in the sense of increasing the contact pressure), and the corresponding adjustment range of the wiper cylinder is between approximately -2.0 mm and +1.5 mm.
- the ratio of the adjustment ranges of the wiping cylinder 2 and the slider 9 thus corresponds to a reduction of the adjustment and of course depends on the angle between the longitudinal axis of the adjustment rods 7 and the contact surface of the abutment 10.
- the contact pressure can easily be changed during printing.
- the direction of action of the force exerted by the actuating rods 7 runs approximately perpendicular to the connecting line L between the pivot axis 6 and the point of application of this force, that is to say the pin 5.
- the contact pressure of the wiping cylinder 2 is preferably kept at a predetermined constant value during operation of the printing press.
- a force measuring device 8 is installed on each adjusting rod 7, which, as an actual value transmitter, belongs to a pressure control system and constantly reports the actual value of the contact pressure or the contact pressure.
- the force measuring device can, for example, be a load cell with strain gauges, the deformation being converted into the detuning of a Wheathstone bridge and this detuning being measured with a measuring amplifier.
- the described geometric arrangement of the pivot axis 6 to the wiper cylinder axis of rotation 3 has the advantage that the frictional forces between the wiper cylinder 2 and the plate cylinder 1 are practically negligible or only insignificant in the measurement of the contact pressure.
- the actuator 13 is controlled as a function of the difference between this actual value and the predetermined target value of the contact pressure. This state of affairs is illustrated schematically in FIG. 1 by a line 14 leading from the force measuring device 8 to the actuator 13.
- part of the actuating rod 7 consists of a hydraulic cylinder 7d, to which an arm 7e, which is articulated on the slider 9 and carries the force measuring device 8, is fastened.
- the piston rod 7c of the piston of this hydraulic cylinder 7d is located at one end of a compression spring 7b, the other end of which acts on an arm 7a articulated on the pin 5.
- the hydraulic cylinder 7d forms a practically rigid section of the actuating rod 7 and is subjected to a predetermined pressure in the working position of the wiper cylinder 2, which pressure can be, for example, 100 bar. With this hydraulic cylinder 7d, the contact pressure can therefore be roughly adjusted, while the fine adjustment or pressure control is carried out by moving the slide 9, as described above. At the same time, the hydraulic cylinder 7d serves to turn the wiping cylinder on and off.
- the compression springs 7b bring about a resilient contact of the wiper cylinder 2 on the plate cylinder 1.
- the compression springs 7b can also be dispensed with, in this case the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 7d is articulated directly on the tub 4.
- the arrangement of the actuating rod 7, sliding piece 9 and adjusting device 11, 12, 13 described has the advantage that the adjusting device does not have to constantly absorb the strong contact pressure of the wiping cylinder 2, rather the wiping cylinder 2 is supported via the adjusting rods 7 and the sliding pieces 9 on the Abutment 10 from.
- the wiping cylinder 2 can be moved away from the plate cylinder 1 when it is not in operation.
- the tub 4 rests together with the sliders 9, the abutment 10 and the actuating device 11, 12, 13 on the sliding carriage 20, and the pin 6a is mounted in the supports 18a, 18b of the frame 18 so as to be longitudinally displaceable and adjustable, so that it can be pulled out of the bearing 15 to release the tub 4.
- an actuating cylinder 19 is installed in the support 18a, on the piston 19a of which the pin 6a is attached.
- the pin 6a With the piston 19a extended, the pin 6a is held in the working position shown, with the piston retracted in the retracted rest position, in which the pin 6a is removed from the opening 15a of the bearing 15.
- the trough 4 can be moved by moving the carriage 20 in the frame 18 in the direction of arrow F6 from the working position shown in FIG. 1 to an out-of-service position moved away from the plate cylinder 1 and back to its working position.
- the trough 4 is carried by the carrier parts 20a of the slide 20.
- the pin 6a is inserted by the actuating cylinder 19 into the bearing 15 and the bearing opening of the support 18b, so that the tub can be tilted as described 4 is guaranteed.
- the invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described, but rather allows for numerous variants with regard to the design of the trough and its storage, the adjusting rods and the adjusting device.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Rotary Presses (AREA)
- Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)
- Manufacture Or Reproduction Of Printing Formes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Wischvorrichtung für den Plattenzylinder einer Stichtiefdruckmaschine gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a wiper device for the plate cylinder of an intaglio printing machine according to the preamble of claim 1.
Eine derartige Wischvorrichtung ist aus der GB-A- 793 790 bekannt; dabei ist die geometrische Anordnung, wonach die Schwenkachse der Wanne näherungsweise in derjenigen, durch die Wischzylinderdrehachse gehenden Ebene liegt, die parallel zu der durch die Berührungsstelle zwischen Wischzylinder und Plattenzylinder gehenden Tangentialebene dieser beiden Zylinder ist, lediglich der Zeichnung zu entnehmen. Diese Wanne ist mittels einer ortsfesten Achse im Vorrichtungsgestell gelagert, und die von der Stellvorrichtung in Form einer Schraubenspindel auf den Wischzylinder ausgeübte Kraft wird mittels einer Schraubenfeder übertragen.Such a wiper device is known from GB-A-793 790; the geometrical arrangement, according to which the pivot axis of the tub lies approximately in the plane passing through the axis of rotation of the wiper cylinder, which is parallel to the tangential plane of these two cylinders passing through the point of contact between the wiper cylinder and plate cylinder, can only be seen in the drawing. This trough is mounted in the device frame by means of a stationary axis, and the force exerted by the adjusting device in the form of a screw spindle on the wiping cylinder is transmitted by means of a coil spring.
Aus dem Dokument Soviet Inventions Illustrated, P/Q, Woche 8312, 04 Mai 1983, Derwent Publications Ltd., London GB, & SU-A-927566 (VEB Polygraph, Leipzig) 24 Juni 1977) ist eine Reinigungsvorrichtung für den Plattenzylinder einer lithographischen Druckmaschine bekannt; bei dieser Vorrichtung kann der Reinigungszylinder mit der Wanne durch ein Stellglied gegen den Plattenzylinder gedrückt werden, wobei, wie der Zeichung des Dokuments zu entnehmen, die Wirkungsrichtung der von der Stellvorrichtung ausgeübten Kraft wenigstens näherungsweise senkrecht auf der Verbindungslinie zwischen der Schwenkachse der Wanne und dem Angriffspunkt der Stellvorrichtung steht.From the document Soviet Inventions Illustrated, P / Q, week 8312, May 04, 1983, Derwent Publications Ltd., London GB, & SU-A-927566 (VEB Polygraph, Leipzig, June 24, 1977) is a cleaning device for the plate cylinder of a lithographic Printing press known; in this device, the cleaning cylinder with the tub can be pressed against the plate cylinder by an actuator, whereby, as can be seen from the drawing of the document, the direction of action of the force exerted by the adjusting device is at least approximately perpendicular to the connecting line between the pivot axis of the tub and the point of application the actuator stands.
Bei einer Einrichtung zur Kontrolle des Anpressdrucks einer Rakel gegen einen Tiefdruckzylinder ist es bekannt (US-A- 3 783 781), ein Druckregelsystem vorzusehen, welches ein den Istwert des Anpressdrucks messendes Kraftmessgerät und einen durch einen Motor verstellbaren Rakelträger aufweist, wobei dieser Motor durch das Kraftmessgerät so gesteuert wird, dass der Anpressdruck auf einem vorgehbaren Sollwert konstant gehalten wird.In a device for controlling the contact pressure of a doctor blade against a gravure cylinder, it is known (US-A-3 783 781), a pressure control system to provide, which has a force measuring device measuring the actual value of the contact pressure and a doctor blade carrier adjustable by a motor, this motor being controlled by the force measuring device in such a way that the contact pressure is kept constant at a manageable target value.
Um bei Stichtiefdruckmaschinen eine einwandfreie Wischung des Plattenzylinders zu gewährleisten, ist ein möglichst konstanter Anpressdruck des Wischzylinders während des Betriebs der Druckmaschine wesentlich. Dieser Anpressdruck kann sich im Laufe des Betriebs aufgrund der nicht konstant bleibenden Betriebsbedingungen ändern, insbesondere durch Erwärmung der Druckplatten und des Wischzylinders sowie durch Abnutzung der Wischzylinderoberfläche.In order to guarantee perfect wiping of the plate cylinder in intaglio printing machines, one is possible constant contact pressure of the wiping cylinder during operation of the printing press essential. This contact pressure can change during operation due to the non-constant operating conditions, in particular due to the heating of the pressure plates and the wiper cylinder and due to wear on the wiper cylinder surface.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Wischvorrichtung zu schaffen, bei welcher der Anpressdruck, mit dem der Wischzylinder am Plattenzylinder anliegt, genauer und leichter als bisher, insbesondere während des Druckbetriebs, einstellbar und gleichförmig über die gesamte Zylinderlänge ist und welche auf einfache Weise eine ständige direkte Messung des Anpressdrucks und damit eine Druckregelung ermöglicht, wobei die Reibungskräfte zwischen Wisch- und Plattenzylinder die Druckmessung möglichst nicht oder nur unbedeutend beeinträchtigen.The invention has for its object to provide a wiping device in which the contact pressure with which the wiping cylinder rests on the plate cylinder is more precise and easier than before, in particular during printing operation, is adjustable and uniform over the entire length of the cylinder and which is a simple one Constant direct measurement of the contact pressure and thus pressure control enables the frictional forces between the wiper and plate cylinders to measure the pressure measurement as little or as little as possible affect.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss durch die im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst.This object is achieved according to the invention by the features specified in claim 1.
Dadurch wird, unter Berücksichtigung des Antriebsmoments des Wischzylinders, erreicht, dass die im allgemeinen veränderlichen Reibungskräfte zwischen Wischzylinder und Plattenzylinder die Druckmessung nur unbedeutend oder gar nicht beeinflussen und die in Pendellagern kippbare Wanne mitsamt dem Wischzylinder auch während des Betriebs auf einfache Weise zum Konstanthalten des Anpressdrucks ohne weiteres verstellt werden kann, wobei die von der Stellvorrichtung ausgeübte Kraft mittels eines Kraftmessgeräts direkt messbar ist.This takes into account, taking into account the drive torque of the wiper cylinder, that the generally variable frictional forces between the wiper cylinder and the plate cylinder influence the pressure measurement only insignificantly or not at all, and the trough that can be tilted in self-aligning bearings, together with the wiper cylinder, easily maintains the contact pressure even during operation can be easily adjusted, the force exerted by the actuating device being directly measurable by means of a force measuring device.
Vorzugsweise lässt sich mit der Wischvorrichtung nach der Erfindung eine Regelung des Anpressdrucks durchführen, indem ein den Istwert des Anpressdrucks messendes Kraftmessgerät vorgesehen ist und die Stellvorrichtung zusammen mit diesem Kraftmessgerät ein Druckregelsystem bildet, das den Anpressdruck des Wischzylinders während des Betriebs auf einem vorgebbaren Sollwert konstant hält.A control of the contact pressure can preferably be carried out with the wiper device according to the invention, in that a force measuring device measuring the actual value of the contact pressure is provided and the adjusting device forms, together with this force measuring device, a pressure control system which keeps the contact pressure of the wiping cylinder constant at a predefinable setpoint value during operation .
Ferner ist die Anordnung vorzugsweise so getroffen, dass die Anpresskraft durch seitliche Stellstangen auf die Wanne übertragen wird und dass das dem Wischzylinder abgewandte Ende jeder Stellstange an einem Gleitstück angelenkt ist, das sich auf einem Widerlager abstützt, dessen Auflagefläche mit der Längsachse der Stellstangen einen spitzen Winkel bildet; dieses Gleitstück ist auf der Auflagefläche durch einen Stellmotor verschiebbar. Vorzugsweise wird ein Teil jeder Stellstange durch einen Hydraulikzylinder gebildet, der mit vorgebbarem Druck beaufschlagt ist und zum Anstellen und Abstellen des Wischzylinders und zur Grobeinstellung des Anpressdrucks dient; die Position des Gleitstücks definiert dann die Druckfeineinstellung.Furthermore, the arrangement is preferably such that the contact pressure is transmitted to the tub by side actuating rods and that the end of each actuating rod facing away from the wiping cylinder is articulated on a sliding piece which is supported on an abutment, the bearing surface of which points to the longitudinal axis of the actuating rods Forms angle; this slider is displaceable on the support surface by an actuator. A part of each actuating rod is preferably formed by a hydraulic cylinder which is subjected to a predeterminable pressure and which is used to turn the wiping cylinder on and off and to roughly adjust the contact pressure; the position of the slider then defines the pressure adjustment.
Weitere zweckmässige Ausgestaltungen der Wischvorrichtung nach der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen.Further expedient configurations of the wiper device according to the invention result from the dependent claims.
Die Erfindung wird anhand der Zeichnung an einem Ausführungsbeispiel näher erläutert. Es zeigen :
- Figur 1 eine schematische Seitenansicht einer Wischvorrichtung nach der Erfindung und
Figur 2 eine schematische Ansicht der Rückseite der Wanne im Sinne des Pfeils II nach Figur 1 mit geschnittenen Lagerteilen für die Schwenkachse.
- Figure 1 is a schematic side view of a wiper device according to the invention and
- Figure 2 is a schematic view of the back of the tub in the direction of arrow II of Figure 1 with cut bearing parts for the pivot axis.
Nach Figur 1 und 2 wirkt der Plattenzylinder 1 einer nicht weiter dargestellten Stichtiefdruckmaschine mit dem Wischzylinder 2 der Wischvorrichtung zusammen. Der Wischzylinder 2 taucht teilweise in eine mit einer Reinigungsflüssigkeit gefüllte Wanne 4 ein und ist mit seinen Zapfen 3 konzentrisch in Lagern 3a, die in den gegenüberliegenden Seitenwänden 4a der Wanne 4 montiert sind, gelagert. Die Lager 3a sind vorzugsweise Pendellager mit Gleitlagern. Die Pendellager vermeiden ein Verkanten der Gleitlager und ermöglichen einen Ausgleich bei einer Schrägstellung der Zapfen 3 infolge einer Durchbiegung des Wischzylinders 2. In dieser Wanne 4 befinden sich ausserdem noch übliche, schematisch dargestellte Reinigungselemente in Form von Rakeln 16 und Bürsten 17, die an der Wischzylinderoberfläche anliegen und diese von Farbe säubern. Plattenzylinder 1 und Wischzylinder 2 haben die gleiche Drehrichtung F1 bzw. F2, das heisst also an der Berührungsstelle entgegengesetzte Umfangsgeschwindigkeiten.According to FIGS. 1 and 2, the plate cylinder 1 of an intaglio printing machine, not shown, interacts with the
Die Wanne 4 ist im betrachteten Beispiel auf einem Schlitten 20 installiert, der auf einem Gestell 18 der Druckmaschine zwischen einer in Figur 1 gezeigten Arbeitsstellung, in welcher der Wischzylinder 2 am Plattenzylinder 1 anliegt, und einer Ausserbetriebstellung verschiebbar ist, in welcher der Wischzylinder 2 vom Plattenzylinder 1 abgerückt ist. Auf dem Schlitten 20 befestigte Trägerteile 20a dienen zur Abstützung des Bodens der Wanne 4, wenn diese abgerückt wird. Auf die Verschiebbarkeit des Schlittens 20 wird später noch eingegangen.In the example under consideration, the
In der Arbeitsstellung des Wischzylinders 2 ist die Wanne 4 um eine Schwenkachse 6, die im unteren Bereich der Wannenrückseite liegt, kippbar gelagert. Diese Schwenkachse 6 ist in derjenigen, durch die Wischzylinderdrehachse gehenden Ebene T' angeordnet, die parallel zu der durch die Berührungsstelle zwischen Wischzylinder 2 und Plattenzylinder 1 gehenden Tangentialebene T ist; dabei weist die Bewegungsrichtung des Wischzylinderumfangs an der Berührungsstelle, wie durch die Drehrichtung F2 angedeutet, nach unten, also ungefähr zur Schwenkachse 6.In the working position of the
Zur Lagerung des Wischzylinders 2 dienen ein als Pendellager ausgebildetes Lager 15 mit einem in der Lageröffnung 15a sitzenden Zapfen 6a sowie zwei beiderseits dieses Lagers 15 an der Wanne 4 vorgesehenen Stützrollen 22, die sich frei abrollbar auf schrägen Lagerflächen 23 abstützen. Das Lager 15 steht an der Rückseite der Wanne 4 vor und erstreckt sich, wie in Figur 2 gezeigt, nur im zentralen Bereich der Wanne 4. In der Arbeitsstellung des Wischzylinders 2 ist der Zapfen 6a in Stützen 18a, 18b gelagert, die auf dem Gestell 18 befestigt sind. Die beiden Stützrollen 22 sind mit ihren Zapfen 6b in Vorsprüngen 21 gelagert, die an der Wanne 4 befestigt sind. Die Lagerflächen 23 werden von Schrägflächen zweier, auf dem Gestell 18 befestigter Stützen 18c gebildet. Die Achsen der Zapfen 6b der beiden Stützrollen 22 und die Achse des Zapfens 6a des Lagers 15 sind miteinander ausgerichtet und definieren die Schwenkachse 6. Die Neigung der Lagerflächen 23, die in einer gemeinsamen Ebene liegen, ist so gewählt, dass sie wenigstens näherungsweise senkrecht zur erwähnten Ebene T', also auch senkrecht zur Tangentialebene T, orientiert sind. Durch die beschriebene Lagerung wird erreicht, dass die Wanne 4 nicht nur um die erwähnte Schwenkachse 6, im Sinne des Pfeils F3 nach Figur 1, sondern auch im Sinne des Pfeils F3′ um eine Schwenkachse 6′ kippbar ist, die senkrecht auf der ersterwähnten Schwenkachse 6 steht und die Wischzylinderdrehachse schneidet. Somit definieren die schrägen Lagerflächen 23 und das Lager 15 mit seinem sphärischen Lagerteil eine Schwenkbewegung mit zwei rotativen Freiheitsgraden um die Schwenkachsen 6 und 6′, wodurch eine gleichförmige Anpressung des Wischzylinders 2 gegen den Plattenzylinder 1 über die gesamte Zylinderlänge gewährleistet wird.A
Die Lagerflächen 23 für die Stützrollen 22 könnten auch am Schlitten 20 befestigt sein, die Befestigung am Gestell 18 ist jedoch zur Erzielung einer erhöhten Steifigkeit vorteilhafter.The
Auf jeder Seite des Wischzylinders 2 ist an der Wanne 4 unterhalb des Lagers 3a eine insgesamt mit 7 bezeichnete Stellstange mittels eines Zapfens 5 angelenkt. Das andere Ende dieser Stellstange 7 ist mittels eines Zapfens 9a an einem Gleitstück 9 angelenkt, welches auf einem horizontalen, ebenen Widerlager 10, das von der Oberfläche des Schlittens 20 gebildet wird, im Sinne der Pfeile F4, F5 hin- und herschiebbar ist, das heisst die Verschiebungsrichtung liegt parallel zu einer senkrecht zur Wischzylinderachse 3 stehenden Ebene. Dabei bildet die Stellstange 7 mit der Auflagefläche des Widerlagers 10 einen spitzen Winkel. Zur Erzeugung des Anpressdrucks dient eine auf das Gleitstück 9 wirkende Stellvorrichtung, die im betrachteten Ausführungsbeispiel aus einem Stellantrieb 13 in Form eines elektrischen Stellmotor und einem von diesem angetriebenen Stellgetriebe 12 mit einer Verstellspindel 11 besteht, welche in Längsrichtung verschiebbar und am Gleitstück 9 befestigt ist. Das Stellgetriebe 12 kann insbesondere ein Schneckengetriebe enthalten.On each side of the
Bei den Stellstangen 7 kann es sich im Prinzip um starre einteilige Arme handeln. Bei Verschiebung des Gleitstücks 9 durch die Stellvorrichtung im Sinne des Pfeils F4 wird der Wischzylinder 2 von den Stellstangen 7 stärker gegen den Plattenzylinder 1 gedrückt, wobei die Wanne 4 im Sinne des gekrümmten Pfeils F3 um ihre Schwenkachse 6 aufwärtskippt. Genauer gesagt ist die Bewegung der Wanne 4 mittels der Stellstangen 7 eine Ueberlagerung zweier Schwenkbewegungen um die Schwenkachsen 6 und 6′. Bei Verschiebung des Gleitstücks 9 in entgegengesetzter Richtung im Sinne des Pfeils F5 wird der Anpressdruck verringert. Da die Wanne 4 insgesamt verstellt wird, haben die Reinigungselemente (Rakeln 16, Bürsten 17) natürlich immer die gleiche geometrische Lage zum Wischzylinder 2.In principle, the actuating rods 7 can be rigid, one-piece arms. When the
Die Anordnung kann z.B. so getroffen sein, dass ausgehend von einer Anfangsstellung des Wischzylinders 2, in welcher er mit bestimmter Kraft gegen den Plattenzylinder 1 drückt, der Stellbereich des Gleitstücks 9 zwischen -7,0 mm (im Sinne einer Verringerung des Anpressdrucks) und +5,6 mm (im Sinne einer Verstärkung des Anpressdrucks) beträgt, und der entsprechende Stellbereich des Wischzylinders zwischen etwa -2,0 mm und +1,5 mm liegt. Das Verhältnis der Stellbereiche des Wischzylinders 2 und des Gleitstücks 9 entspricht also einer Untersetzung der Verstellung und hängt natürlich vom Winkel zwischen der Längsachse der Stellstangen 7 und der Auflagefläche des Widerlagers 10 ab. Eine Aenderung des Anpressdrucks kann ohne weiteres während des Druckbetriebs erfolgen.The arrangement can, for example, be such that, starting from an initial position of the
Im Beispiel nach Figur 1 verläuft die Wirkungsrichtung der von den Stellstangen 7 ausgeübten Kraft näherungsweise senkrecht zu der Verbindungslinie L zwischen der Schwenkachse 6 und dem Angriffspunkt dieser Kraft, also dem Zapfen 5.In the example according to FIG. 1, the direction of action of the force exerted by the actuating rods 7 runs approximately perpendicular to the connecting line L between the
Vorzugsweise wird der Anpressdruck des Wischzylinders 2 beim Betrieb der Druckmaschine auf einem vorgegebenen konstanten Wert gehalten. Zu diesem Zwecke ist an jeder Stellstange 7 ein Kraftmessgerät 8 installiert, welches als Istwertgeber zu einem Druckregelsystem gehört und ständig den Istwert des Anpressdrucks bzw. der Anpresskraft meldet. Beim Kraftmessgerät kann es sich zum Beispiel um eine Kraftmessdose mit Dehnmesstreifen handeln, wobei die Deformation in die Verstimmung einer Wheathstone-Brücke umgewandelt und diese Verstimmung mit einem Messverstärker gemessen wird.The contact pressure of the
Die beschriebene geometrische Anordnung der Schwenkachse 6 zur Wischzylinderdrehachse 3 hat dabei den Vorteil, dass die Reibungskräfte zwischen Wischzylinder 2 und Plattenzylinder 1 praktisch nicht oder nur unbedeutend in die Messung der Anpresskraft eingehen.The described geometric arrangement of the
Der Stellantrieb 13 wird als Funktion der Differenz zwischen diesem Istwert und dem vorgegebenen Sollwert der Anpresskraft gesteuert. Dieser Sachverhalt ist in Figur 1 schematisch durch eine vom Kraftmessgerät 8 zum Stellantrieb 13 führende Leitung 14 veranschaulicht.The actuator 13 is controlled as a function of the difference between this actual value and the predetermined target value of the contact pressure. This state of affairs is illustrated schematically in FIG. 1 by a
Gemäss der bevorzugten Ausführungsform nach Figur 1 besteht ein Teil der Stellstange 7 aus einem Hydraulikzylinder 7d, an welchem ein am Gleitstück 9 angelenkter Arm 7e, der das Kraftmessgerät 8 trägt, befestigt ist. Die Kolbenstange 7c des Kolbens dieses Hydraulikzylinders 7d liegt am einen Ende einer Druckfeder 7b an, deren anderes Ende auf einen am Zapfen 5 angelenkten Arm 7a wirkt. Der Hydraulikzylinder 7d bildet einen praktisch starren Abschnitt der Stellstange 7 und wird in der Arbeitsstellung des Wischzylinders 2 mit einem vorgegebenen Druck beaufschlagt, der beispielsweise 100 bar betragen kann. Mit diesem Hydraulikzylinder 7d lässt sich daher der Anpressdruck grob einstellen, während die Feineinstellung bzw. die Druckregelung durch Verschiebung des Gleitstücks 9 durchgeführt wird, wie vorstehend beschrieben. Gleichzeitig dient der Hydraulikzylinder 7d zum Anstellen und Abstellen des Wischzylinders.According to the preferred embodiment according to FIG. 1, part of the actuating rod 7 consists of a hydraulic cylinder 7d, to which an
Die Druckfedern 7b bewirken eine federnde Anlage des Wischzylinders 2 am Plattenzylinder 1. Auf die Druckfedern 7b kann auch verzichtet werden, in diesem Falle ist die Kolbenstange des Hydraulikzylinders 7d direkt an der Wanne 4 angelenkt.The compression springs 7b bring about a resilient contact of the
Die beschriebene Anordnung von Stellstange 7, Gleitstück 9 und Stellvorrichtung 11, 12, 13 hat den Vorteil, dass die Stellvorrichtung nicht ständig den starken Anpressdruck des Wischzylinders 2 aufnehmen muss, vielmehr stützt sich der Wischzylinder 2 über die Stellstangen 7 und die Gleitstücke 9 auf dem Widerlager 10 ab.The arrangement of the actuating rod 7, sliding
Im betrachteten Beispiel ist der Wischzylinder 2 bei Nichtbetrieb vom Plattenzylinder 1 abrückbar. Zu diesem Zwecke ruht die Wanne 4 zusammen mit den Gleitstücken 9, dem Widerlager 10 und der Stellvorrichtung 11, 12, 13 auf dem verschiebbaren Schlitten 20, und der Zapfen 6a ist in den Stützen 18a, 18b des Gestells 18 längsverschiebbar gelagert und verstellbar, so dass er zur Freigabe der Wanne 4 aus dem Lager 15 herausgezogen werden kann. Dazu dient, wie schematisch in Figur 2 dargestellt, ein in der Stütze 18a installierter Stellzylinder 19, an dessen Kolben 19a der Zapfen 6a befestigt ist. Bei ausgefahrenem Kolben 19a wird der Zapfen 6a in der gezeigten Arbeitsstellung, bei eingezogenem Kolben in der zurückgezogenen Ruhestellung gehalten, in welcher der Zapfen 6a aus der Oeffnung 15a des Lagers 15 entfernt ist. In dieser Ruhestellung kann die Wanne 4 durch Verschiebung des Schlittens 20 im Gestell 18 in Richtung des Pfeils F6 aus der in Figur 1 gezeigten Arbeitsstellung in eine vom Plattenzylinder 1 abgerückte Ausserbetriebsstellung und wieder zurück in ihre Arbeitsstellung bewegt werden. Dabei wird die Wanne 4, sobald die Stützrollen 22 von den Lagerflächen 23 abgehoben haben, von den Trägerteilen 20a des Schlittens 20 getragen. Nachdem die Wanne 4 wieder ihre Arbeitsstellung erreicht hat, in der sie sich mit den Stützrollen 22 auf den Lagerflächen 23 abstützt, wird der Zapfen 6a vom Stellzylinder 19 in das Lager 15 und die Lageröffnung der Stütze 18b eingeschoben, so dass die beschriebene Kippbarkeit der Wanne 4 gewährleistet ist.In the example considered, the
Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt, sondern lässt hinsichtlich der Ausbildung der Wanne und ihrer Lagerung, der Stellstangen sowie der Stellvorrichtung mannigfache Varianten zu.The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described, but rather allows for numerous variants with regard to the design of the trough and its storage, the adjusting rods and the adjusting device.
Claims (10)
- A wiping device for the plate cylinder (1) of an intaglio printing machine, with a wiping cylinder (2) and with a trough (4) for receiving the cleaning fluid and mechanical cleaning elements, the wiping cylinder (2) being mounted rotatably in opposite side walls (4a) of the trough (4), the trough (4) being mounted tiltably about a pivot axis (6) and, together with the wiping cylinder (2), being subjected to the effect of an adjusting device (11, 12, 13) which presses the wiping cylinder (2) with adjustable force about the pivot axis (6) against the plate cylinder (1), this pivot axis (6) lying at least approximately in that plane (T') which passes through the axis of rotation (3) of the wiping cylinder and which is parallel to the tangential plane (T) of the wiping cylinder (2) and plate cylinder (1) passing through the point of contact between these two cylinders, the direction of rotation of the circumference of the wiping cylinder at the point of contact pointing approximately to the said pivot axis (6), characterized in that the trough (4) is mounted by means of a pendulum bearing (15), said trough being provided with supporting rollers (22) on both sides of said pendulum bearing, said supporting rollers being supported in a freely rollable manner on plane bearing faces (23) oriented at least approximately perpendicularly to said tangential plane (T), the axes of said supporting rollers (22) being aligned with one another and, together with the pendulum bearing (15), defining said pivot axis (6), said trough (4) being moreover tiltable about a second pivot axis (6') perpendicular to said pivot axis (6) and intersecting the axis of rotation of the wiping cylinder.
- The wiping device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the effective direction of the force exerted by the adjusting device (11, 12, 13) is at least approximately perpendicular to the connecting line (L) between the pivot axis (6) of the trough (4) and the engagement point (5) of the adjusting device.
- The wiping device as claimed in claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the force exerted by the adjusting device (11, 12, 13) is transmitted by adjusting rods (7) which are mounted on both sides of the wiping cylinder (2) and which act on the trough (4).
- The wiping device as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the adjusting device comprises an adjusting gear (12), having preferentially a worm gear, moving the adjusting rods (7), and an actuating drive (13), preferentially a servomotor, driving this adjusting gear.
- The wiping device as claimed in claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the end of each adjusting rod (7) facing away from the wiping cylinder (2) is articulated on a sliding piece (9) supported on an abutment (10), the bearing face of which forms an acute angle with the longitudinal axis of the adjusting rod (7), and that this sliding piece (9) is displaceable on this bearing face by means of the output member of the adjusting device (11, 12, 13) in parallel with a plane perpendicular to the axis of the wiping cylinder, this output member being preferentially an adjusting spindle (11).
- The wiping device as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that part of each of the adjusting rods (7) comprises a hydraulic cylinder (7d) which can be subjected to a predeterminable constant pressure.
- The wiping device as claimed in one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the forces exerted on the wiping cylinder (2) by the adjusting device (11, 12, 13) are transmitted with the interposition of compression springs (7b).
- The wiping device as claimed in one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it includes at least one dynamometer (8) for measuring the actual value of the pressing force of the wiping cylinder (2), and in that said adjusting device (11, 12, 13) forms, together with the dynamometer (8), a pressure regulating system which keeps the pressing force of the wiping cylinder (2) constant at a predeterminable desired value during operation.
- The wiping device as claimed in claims 4 and 8, characterized in that dynamometers (8) are attached to each of the adjusting rods (7).
- The wiping device as claimed in one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the trough (4) is mounted in its central region by means of said pendulum bearing (15), projecting on its rear side, on a journal (6a) forming the pivot axis (6), and this journal is mounted on the stand (18) of the printing machine displaceably in the longitudinal direction and is adjustable between a working position engaging into the orifice (15a) of the bearing (15) and a position of rest releasing the bearing (15) and trough (4) and that the trough (4), together with the adjusting device (11, 12, 13), is mounted in said stand (18) so as to be movable off from the plate cylinder (1), said journal (6a) being pushed into said bearing (15) after the displacement of the trough (4) out of its moved-off position into its working position.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH2682/90 | 1990-08-17 | ||
CH2682/90A CH681875A5 (en) | 1990-08-17 | 1990-08-17 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0475890A1 EP0475890A1 (en) | 1992-03-18 |
EP0475890B1 true EP0475890B1 (en) | 1995-06-14 |
Family
ID=4239213
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP91810636A Expired - Lifetime EP0475890B1 (en) | 1990-08-17 | 1991-08-13 | Wiping device for the plate cylinder of a gravure printing machine |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5152220A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0475890B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2869218B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR0163784B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1049862C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE123696T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU638913B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2048489C (en) |
CH (1) | CH681875A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE59105697D1 (en) |
RU (1) | RU1838155C (en) |
UA (1) | UA19146A (en) |
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CA2073118C (en) * | 1991-07-30 | 2004-09-14 | Ernst Anton Blass | Intaglio printing machine |
DE4213659C2 (en) * | 1992-04-25 | 1995-06-08 | Koenig & Bauer Ag | Short inking unit for a rotary printing press |
DE4213660C2 (en) * | 1992-04-25 | 1995-06-08 | Koenig & Bauer Ag | Short inking unit for a web-fed rotary printing press |
EP0622191B1 (en) * | 1993-04-30 | 1997-01-22 | De La Rue Giori S.A. | Wiping device of an intaglio printing machine |
US5423259A (en) * | 1994-09-12 | 1995-06-13 | Su; Wu-Shuan | Apparatus for erasing a plate cylinder of an offset printing press |
DE4442216B4 (en) * | 1994-11-26 | 2004-12-02 | Baldwin Germany Gmbh | Washing device for rotating bodies in printing machines |
DE4442217A1 (en) * | 1994-11-26 | 1996-05-30 | Baldwin Gegenheimer Gmbh | Washing device for rotating bodies in printing machines |
JP3718275B2 (en) * | 1996-01-12 | 2005-11-24 | 株式会社小森コーポレーション | Printer |
JPH09193337A (en) * | 1996-01-24 | 1997-07-29 | Komori Corp | Apparatus for adjusting contact pressure of printer |
US5755158A (en) * | 1996-08-28 | 1998-05-26 | Presstek, Inc. | Alternately engageable, dual-stage cleaning system for lithographic printing plates |
EP0881072B1 (en) * | 1997-05-29 | 2002-07-31 | Kba-Giori S.A. | Drive for a wiping cylinder in a die stamping press |
US5870954A (en) * | 1998-01-22 | 1999-02-16 | Presstek, Inc. | Retractable cleaning system for lithographic printing plates |
JPH11321063A (en) * | 1998-03-20 | 1999-11-24 | Tohoku Ricoh Co Ltd | Stencil printer |
DE10215422A1 (en) * | 2002-04-08 | 2003-10-23 | Roland Man Druckmasch | Ink or dampening unit of a rotary printing press |
DE10321358B4 (en) * | 2003-05-13 | 2006-02-16 | Koenig & Bauer Ag | Gravure printing machine with a forme cylinder and a wiping cylinder rotating in contact with the forme cylinder |
DE102008000416A1 (en) * | 2008-02-26 | 2009-09-03 | Isimat Gmbh Siebdruckmaschinen | Apparatus and method for printing on objects |
CN101665020B (en) * | 2008-09-03 | 2013-01-09 | 海德堡印刷机械股份公司 | Method for operating a cleaning apparatus of a printing press |
CN105150668A (en) * | 2010-06-04 | 2015-12-16 | 小森公司 | Contact pressure adjusting method and contact pressure adjusting apparatus for printing press |
US20120174807A1 (en) | 2010-12-16 | 2012-07-12 | Goss International Americas, Inc. | Adjustable Inking or Dampening Apparatus for a Variable Cutoff Press and Method |
CN102126342B (en) * | 2011-03-24 | 2012-12-05 | 中国印钞造币总公司 | Device for preventing wiping roller from splashing cleaning solution for intaglio printing press |
EP2524805A1 (en) * | 2011-05-20 | 2012-11-21 | KBA-NotaSys SA | Ink wiping system for an intaglio printing press |
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WO2016043129A1 (en) * | 2014-09-17 | 2016-03-24 | 株式会社小森コーポレーション | Method and device for adjusting contact pressure of intaglio printer wiping roller |
US9950705B2 (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2018-04-24 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Hybrid vehicle and method of controlling an engine disconnect clutch for engine start-up |
CN104998842B (en) * | 2015-07-23 | 2017-04-12 | 江苏大学 | Device for wiping outer surface of cylindrical roller |
US9956782B2 (en) | 2016-09-13 | 2018-05-01 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Wiper with bias members |
CN108339726A (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2018-07-31 | 深圳市运泰利自动化设备有限公司 | The automatic cementing machine of excessive glue line after mobile terminal device display module gluing |
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CN110065300B (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2024-06-04 | 株洲三新包装技术有限公司 | Novel doctor blade holder |
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-
1990
- 1990-08-17 CH CH2682/90A patent/CH681875A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1991
- 1991-07-22 US US07/734,259 patent/US5152220A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-07-30 AU AU81457/91A patent/AU638913B2/en not_active Expired
- 1991-08-05 KR KR1019910013503A patent/KR0163784B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-08-06 CA CA002048489A patent/CA2048489C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-08-13 EP EP91810636A patent/EP0475890B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-08-13 DE DE59105697T patent/DE59105697D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-08-13 AT AT91810636T patent/ATE123696T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-08-15 CN CN91105214A patent/CN1049862C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-08-16 RU SU915001266A patent/RU1838155C/en active
- 1991-08-16 UA UA5001266A patent/UA19146A/en unknown
- 1991-08-16 JP JP3206010A patent/JP2869218B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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RU1838155C (en) | 1993-08-30 |
JP2869218B2 (en) | 1999-03-10 |
JPH04234650A (en) | 1992-08-24 |
AU8145791A (en) | 1992-02-20 |
CH681875A5 (en) | 1993-06-15 |
UA19146A (en) | 1997-12-25 |
AU638913B2 (en) | 1993-07-08 |
DE59105697D1 (en) | 1995-07-20 |
CA2048489C (en) | 2001-06-12 |
US5152220A (en) | 1992-10-06 |
KR920004158A (en) | 1992-03-27 |
KR0163784B1 (en) | 1999-03-30 |
CA2048489A1 (en) | 1992-02-18 |
CN1049862C (en) | 2000-03-01 |
ATE123696T1 (en) | 1995-06-15 |
EP0475890A1 (en) | 1992-03-18 |
CN1058930A (en) | 1992-02-26 |
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