EP0445152A1

EP0445152A1 - Washing and cleansing agents containing a tenside mixture of alkylglycosides and anionic tensides

Info

Publication number: EP0445152A1
Application number: EP89912904A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Martina Kihn-Botulinski; Rolf Puchta; Gilbert Dr. SCHENKER; Karlheinz Hill; Ansgar Behler
Original assignee: Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Current assignee: Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Priority date: 1988-11-17
Filing date: 1989-11-08
Publication date: 1991-09-11
Also published as: WO1990005772A2; KR900701984A; EP0370312A2; JPH04501734A; DE3838808A1; DK93391A; EP0370312A3; WO1990005772A3; DK93391D0

Abstract

Les produits de lavage et de nettoyage ont un pouvoir lavant accru s'ils contiennent, outre un alkylglycoside, au moins un agent de surface ionique, qui comporte (a) un alkylsulfate gras, (b) un alpha-sulfoester ou un alpha-sulfocarbonate, (c) un sulfohydroxyester ou un sulfohydroxycarbonate secondaire, (d) un dialkyléthersulfate secondaire ou (e) des mélanges de ces substances. Le rapport pondéral entre alkylglycoside et agent de surface anionique est compris entre 1:9 et 9:1.Washing and cleaning products have an increased washing power if they contain, in addition to an alkylglycoside, at least one ionic surfactant, which comprises (a) a fatty alkylsulfate, (b) an alpha-sulfoester or an alpha-sulfocarbonate , (c) a secondary sulfohydroxy ester or sulfohydroxycarbonate, (d) a secondary dialkylethersulfate or (e) mixtures of these substances. The weight ratio of alkylglycoside to anionic surfactant is between 1: 9 and 9: 1.

Description

"Detergents and cleaning agents containing a surfactant mixture of alkyl olvosides and anionic surfactants"

The invention relates to detergents and cleaning agents based on alkyl glycosides and synthetic anionic surfactants.

The surface-active alkyl glycosides, which are acetals from sugars and fatty alcohols with at least 8 carbon atoms, can be produced entirely from renewable raw materials, namely fat on the one hand and sugars or starches on the other hand. The terms alkyl oligoglycoside, alkyl polyglycoside, alkyl oligosaccharide and alkyl polysaccharide refer to those alkylated glycoses in which 1 acetal-like alkyl radical is accounted for by more than one glycose radical, that is to say one poly or oligosaccharide radical. These terms are considered to be synonymous with each other. Accordingly, alkyl monoglycoside means the acetal of a monosaccharide. Since the reaction products from the sugars and the alcohols are usually mixtures, the term alkyl glycoside means both alkyl monoglycosides and alkyl poly (oligo) glycosides, unless the structural differences are important.

Surface-active alkyl glycosides, which essentially contain C ₁₂ to C ₁₈ alkyl or alkenyl residues and belong to the type of nonionic surfactants, have been known as detergent raw materials for over 50 years. Austrian Patent No. 135 333 describes the production of lauryl glucoside and Cetyl glucoside from acetobromglucose and the respective fatty alcohol in the presence of a base. Direct synthesis from glucose and lauryl alcohol with hydrogen chloride as an acid catalyst is also mentioned. According to the teaching of German patent 611 055, alkyl glucosides are prepared from pentaacetyl glucose and the fatty alcohol in the presence of anhydrous zinc chloride. From German patent 593 422 the maltosides and lactosides of the aliphatic alcohols with more than 8 carbon atoms and their use as emulsifying, cleaning and wetting agents are known. For example, by adding cetyl maltoside to ordinary soap, which was the main component of the detergents at the time, the washing effect of the soap is improved, which is explained by the action of the cetyl maltoside as a lime soap dispersant. From the 1960s and 1970s, several proposals for improved production processes for alkyl glycosides came either by direct reaction of the glycose, usually in the form of glucose, with an excess of the fatty alcohol and an acid as a catalyst (direct synthesis), or with the use of a lower alcohol or glycol as Solvents and reactants (transacetalization). For example, US Pat. No. 3,547,828 (Mansfield et al) describes the preparation of a ternary mixture of alkyl oligoglucosides, alkyl monoglucosides and the corresponding C ₁₁ -C ₃₂ alkanols by the transacetalization process with butanol. First, the glucose with butanol and an acid catalyst, e.g. B. sulfuric acid, converted to butyl glucoside, the water of reaction being separated at the reflux temperature. 2 to 6 moles of butanol per mole of glucose are used. The fatty alcohol is then added in amounts of 0.5 to 4 moles per mole of glucose and the excess butanol and the butanol formed in the transacetalization reaction are distilled off. The transacetalization reaction is optionally stopped, so that parts of the butyl glucosides remain in the reaction mixture. In this way, products with low viscosity can be produced. The acidic catalyst is then neutralized by adding sodium hydroxide solution. Then the excess fatty alcohol is largely removed to the desired level in a vacuum.

Such ternary alkyl glycoside mixtures have already been used in combination with other known anionic or nonionic surfactants.

The European patent application 75 995 describes mixtures of alkyl polysaccharides and other nonionic surfactants. European patent application 105 556 discloses cleaning agents which contain alkyl polysaccharides, another nonionic surfactant and an anionic surfactant from the group consisting of glyceryl ether sulfonates, ethoxylated alkylphenol ether sulfates, alkyl sulfates and alkylbenzenesulfonates. According to European patent application 70 074, alkyl glycoside mixtures are combined with anionic surfactants and, if appropriate, other conventional detergent and cleaning agent components. Preferred anionic surfactants are saturated or unsaturated soaps, which can be hydroxylated or sulfonated in the α-position, and in particular alkylbenzenesulfonates. The alkyl poly (oligo) glycosides used contain about 1.5 to 10 glycose units per molecule. This value is an average value and also takes into account the presence of alkyl monoglycosides in a corresponding proportion. However, alkyl glucosides with a degree of oligomerization of 2 or higher are found to be particularly suitable.

The economically most important anion surfactant, which is also used most frequently in combination with ternary alkyl glycoside mixtures, belongs to the surfactant class of alkyl benzene sulfonates. However, the production of the alkylbenzenesulfonates from petrochemical raw materials must be regarded as a disadvantage.

The present invention has for its object to provide a detergent and cleaning agent which contains a combination of nonionic surfactants and an anionic surfactant from the group of sulfates and sulfonates, which are completely obtainable from native, that is, renewable oleochemical raw materials. This combination is also intended to substitute those surfactant mixtures in which the anionic surfactants, which are based exclusively on petrochemical, that is to say non-renewable, raw materials, for example surfactants from the class of the alkylbenzenesulfonates. Substitution in reduced phosphate washing and cleaning agents is of particular interest. "Reduced phosphate" means in the following those washing and cleaning agents which contain at most 30% by weight, preferably less than 20% by weight, of phosphates, calculated as alkali metal tripolyphosphates, and in particular are free of phosphates.

The invention accordingly relates to a washing and cleaning agent containing a surfactant mixture

(A) an alkyl glycoside

and

(B) an anionic surfactant

as well as further constituents of solid or liquid washing and cleaning agents, characterized in that the alkyl glycoside (A) obeys the general formula (I),

RO- (G) _x (II in which R is a primary or secondary aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 10 to 18, carbon atoms, G is a symbol which represents a glycose unit derived from a reducing saccharide and has 5 or 6 carbon atoms, and the Degree of oligomerization x is between 1 and 10, the anionic surfactant (B) is at least one sulfate or sulfonate, which consists entirely or predominantly of

(a) R1-OSO3M (II),

(b) (III),

(c) (IV),

(d) (V) or

(e) Mixtures of the compounds of the formulas (II) to (V), where M is a hydrogen, alkali, alkaline earth or ammonium cation, R _{1 is} an aliphatic linear fatty alkyl or fatty alkenyl radical with 6 to 26 C. -Atoms and the derivative of a saturated fatty acid with 8 to 22

Represent carbon atoms, R ₃ and R ₄ independently of one another represent hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, y is 0 or a number from 1 to 17, z is a number 1 to 18 and the sum ( y + z) can be a number from 4 to 18, R _{5 is} an aliphatic linear or branched, saturated alkyl radical having 1 to 18 C atoms, R _{6 is} an aliphatic means linear, saturated alkyl radical having 6 to 16 carbon atoms and the sum (R ₅ + R ₆ ) is 7 to 28 carbon atoms, where p can be a number from 1 to 30 and n can be a number from 2 to 4, and the weight ratio (A): (B) is between 1: 9 and 9: 1, preferably between 1: 5 and 5: 1.

The detergents and cleaning agents according to the invention show a significantly better biodegradability in comparison to agents containing alkylbenzenesulfonate and also a significantly better skin tolerance.

Furthermore, phosphate-reduced detergents according to the invention have better washability than commercially available phosphate-reduced detergents based on alkylbenzenesulfonate.

The products according to the invention remain liquid at a content of 60% washing active substance, whereas products based on alkylbenzenesulfonates already form precipitates at this content and are no longer pumpable.

Alkyl glycosides suitable for the purposes of this invention are described, for example, in US Pat. Nos. 3,547,828 and 3,839,318. Alkyl glycosides used with particular preference are the process products described in German patent applications 37 23 826 and P 38 33 780.0, which have an alkyl monoglycoside content of over 70% by weight (based on the total amount of alkyl mono- and alkyl oligoglycosides) and an average degree of oligomerization x of less than 1.5, preferably 1.1 to 1.4. While x must always be an integer in a given compound, and especially the numbers x = 1 to 6 come into question here, the value x is an analytically determined arithmetic quantity for a special alkyl glycoside process product, which is usually a fractional number. The sugar component comes from the usual aldoses or ketoses, such as. B. glucose, fructose, mannose, galactose, talose, gulose, allose, old rose, idose, arabinose, xylose, lyxose and ribose. Because of the better reactivity, the reducing saccharides, the aldoses, are preferably used. Among the aldoses, glucose is particularly suitable because of their easy accessibility and availability in technical quantities. The alkyl glycosides used with particular preference in the invention are therefore the alkyl glucosides. The term "alkyl" in alkylglycoside broadly includes the remainder of an aliphatic alcohol of any chain length, preferably a primary aliphatic alcohol having 8 to 22 carbon atoms and in particular a fatty alcohol having 10 to 18 carbon atoms obtainable from natural fats, so that the The term saturated and unsaturated radicals and their mixture including those with different chain lengths in the mixture.

Typical alkyl glycosides are those in which alkyl is octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl and mixtures thereof. Particularly suitable alkyl glycosides contain a coconut fatty alkyl residue, i. H. Decyl, dodecyl and tetradecyl residues.

For the purposes of the invention, it is also possible to use alkyl glycosides whose alkyl radical is derived from synthetic primary alcohols, in particular the so-called oxo alcohols, which have a certain percentage, usually 20 to 40%, of branched isomers with a 2-methyl radical , derives. However, such surfactants are less preferred if the focus is also on the intended use of surfactants with a natural raw material base of the hydrophobic part. When the alkyl glycosides are represented by the formula RO (G) _x , the percentage of fatty alcohol is neglected. This excess of fatty alcohol stemming from the reaction can be removed from the product by distillation except for residual values which are less than 5% of the total.

Particularly preferred embodiments of the alkyl glycosides contain more than 70% by weight, in particular 75 to 90% by weight, of alkyl monoglycoside, based on the total amount of alkyl monoglycoside and alkyl oligoglycoside. Essentially, alkyl glycoside mixtures consist of 30 to 90% by weight, preferably 50 to 90% by weight alkyl monoglycoside, 2 to 40% by weight, preferably 3 to 25% by weight alkyl oligoglycoside, 0.5 to 5% by weight. %, preferably 1 to 4% by weight of residual fatty alcohol and 3 to 25% by weight, preferably 5 to 15% by weight of polyglycose. The latter are formed in a side reaction in the alkylation reaction by condensation of the glycose molecules with one another. The average molecular weight of these polyglycoses is from 2000 to 10,000. Surprisingly, contrary to the general teaching, it was found that the presence of these polyglycoses does not impair the stability of the product and, moreover, has a positive effect on the surfactant action of the alkylglycoside.

The alkyl sulfates used for the purposes of the invention as anionic surfactants according to formula (II) are preferably derived from fatty alcohols which are obtained from natural fatty acids or fatty acid mixtures. They are in the form of the alkali, alkaline earth or ammonium salts, ammonium salts also being understood to mean the salts of organic ammonium bases. Suitable alkyl sulfates have a linear alkyl or alkenyl group R ₁ with 6 to 26, preferably 10 to 22, carbon atoms. Alkyl or alkenyl radicals having 16 to 22 carbon atoms, that is to say sulfates, the fatty alkyl groups of which, for example, from coconut, tallow, Lauryl, myristyl, palmityl, stearyl and oleyl residues and mixtures thereof. In particular, sulfates are preferred from fatty alcohol mixtures, which are derived from natural linear fatty alcohols, and a C-chain distribution of 0 to 3 wt .-% C _12, 5 to 14 wt .-% C _14, 25 to 35 wt -.% C ₁₆ , 17 to 27% by weight of C ₁₈ , 10 to 20% by weight of C ₂₀ and 10 to 20% by weight of C ₂₂ , have a hydroxyl number between 210 and 220 and an iodine number of less than 1.0.

Anionic surfactants according to formula (III) are obtained by reacting saturated fatty acids and fatty acid esters, which are in turn predominantly based on natural raw materials, by reacting with SO ₃ and then converting them into the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium salts. Suitable α-sulfoesters and sulfo-acid disalts are derived from fatty acids with 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18, carbon atoms. In the case of the esters, R ₃ consists of linear or branched alkyl chains with 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4, carbon atoms. Particularly preferred embodiments are the methyl esters, e.g. B. the α-sulfonated methyl esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids. During the reaction with lye and the formation of the sulfonate, partial saponification to form disalts can take place at the same time. In such mixtures, the disalt can have a proportion of 10% to 50%. Its presence does not negatively affect the wash-active properties of the α-sulfoesters.

The secondary sulfohydroxy esters contained as anionic surfactant components according to formula (IV) in at least one of the surfactant combinations according to the invention are derived from unsaturated fatty acids in which y is 0 or a number from 1 to 17, z is a number from 1 to 18 and the sum (y + z ) can be a number from 4 to 18, from. Preferred secondary sulfohydroxy esters are obtained if unsaturated fatty acids are used for the sulfonation, in which the sum (y + z) is a number from 8 to 18, is preferably 8 to 14 and R _{4 is} a linear or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4, carbon atoms. Suitable fatty acids are accordingly, for example, lauroleic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, gadoleic acid and erucic acid, as well as mixtures of these and various oleate cuts obtainable from taig fats. A particularly preferred embodiment is an ester according to the invention with y and z equal to 7, where R _{4 is} a branched alkyl radical with 4 carbon atoms, for example a secondary sulfohydroxy ester based on oleic acid isobutyl ester.

The process for the preparation of the secondary sulfohydroxy esters is described in detail using the example of oleic acid lower alkyl ester sulfonates in the earlier application P 38 28 892.3. The sulfonation of the oleate cuts used can be carried out with gaseous sulfur trioxide in conventional sulfonation reactors, in particular of the type of falling film reactors, at temperatures in the preferred range from 15 to 30 ° C.

Secondary dialkyl ether sulfates of the formula (V) can be obtained by reacting secondary hydroxy dialkyl ethers of the general formula (VI)

R ₅ -O- (C _n H _2n O) p-CH ₂ -CH-R ₅ (VI)

OH with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent neutralization with aqueous alkali, alkaline earth or ammonium hydroxide easily accessible. R ^{5 here} denotes an aliphatic linear or branched, saturated alkyl radical having 1 to 18, preferably 1 to 8, in particular 4 to 8, carbon atoms, while R ₆ denotes an aliphatic linear, saturated alkyl radical having 6 to 16, preferably 6 to 14 and in particular 10 to 12 carbon atoms means where the sum (R ₅ + R ₆ ) is at least 7 and at most 28 and is preferably between 14 and 18 carbon atoms, p can be a number from 1 to 30, preferably from 1 to 10, and n an integer from 2 to 4. N is preferably the number 2.

The process for the preparation of secondary hydroxydialkyl ethers of the formula (VI) from epoxides of the general formula (VII) and alcohol alkoxylates of the general formula (VIII) is described in detail in the earlier application P 37 23 323.8

(VII)

R _5-0 - (C _n H _2n O) pH (VIII). The reaction of compounds of general formula (VII) with compounds of general formula (VIII) takes place at elevated temperature under a protective gas in the presence of a catalyst.

Suitable further components of liquid or solid detergents and cleaning agents are, for the purposes of this invention, for. B. builder substances, bleaching agents, foam stabilizers, complexing agents, optical brighteners, thickeners, dirt suspending agents, graying inhibitors, dyes, perfume oils, enzymes, bactericides, fungicides, etc.

Suitable organic and inorganic builder substances are weakly acidic, neutral or alkaline-reacting salts, in particular alkali salts, which are able to precipitate or bind calcium ions in a complex manner. Of the inorganic salts, the water-soluble alkali metal or alkali polyphosphates, in particular especially the pentasodium triphosphate, in addition to the alkali ortho- and alkali pyrophosphates, of particular importance. All or part of these phosphates can be replaced by organic complexing agents for calcium ions.

Suitable phosphorus-containing organic complexing agents are the water-soluble salts of alkanephosphonic acids, amino and hydroxyalkanephosphonic acids and phosphonopolycarboxylic acids such as. B. methanediphosphonic acid, dimethylaminomethane-1,1-diphosphonic acids, aminotrimethylene triphosphonic acid, 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid, 1-phosphonoethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid.

Of the organic framework substances, the nitrogen-free and phosphorus-free polycarboxylic acids which form complex salts with calcium ions, including polymers containing carboxyl groups, are of particular importance. Are suitable for. B. citric acid and tartaric acid. Polycarboxylic acids containing ether groups are also suitable, such as 2,2'-oxydisuccinic acid and polyhydric alcohols or hydroxycarboxylic acids partially or completely etherified with glycolic acid, e.g. B. biscarboxymethylethylene glycol, carboxymethyloxy succinic acid, carboxymethyl tartronic acid and carboxymethylated or oxidized polysaccharides. Polymeric carboxylic acids with a molecular weight of at least 350 in the form of water-soluble salts are also suitable. Particularly preferred polymeric polycarboxylates have a molecular weight in the range from 500 to 175,000 and in particular in the range from 10,000 to 100,000. These compounds include, for example, polyacrylic acid, polyhydroxyacrylic acid, polymaleic acid and the copolymers of the corresponding monomeric carboxylic acids with one another or with ethylenically unsaturated compounds such as vinyl methyl ether. The water-soluble salts of polyglyoxylic acid are also suitable. As water-insoluble inorganic builders are, for. B. the finely divided, synthetic, bound water-containing sodium aluminosilicates of the zeolite A type described in DE-OS 24 12 837 as phosphate substitutes for detergents and cleaning agents. The cation-exchanging sodium aluminosilicates are used in the usual hydrated, finely crystalline form. They have practically no particles larger than 30 μm and preferably consist at least 80% of particles smaller than 10 μm. Your calcium binding capacity, which is determined according to the details of DE-OS 24 12 837, is in the range of 100 to 200 mg CaO / g. Zeolite NaA is particularly suitable, as is zeolite NaX and mixtures of NaA and NaX.

Suitable inorganic, non-complexing salts are the alkali salts of bicarbonates, carbonates, borates, sulfates and silicates, also known as "washing alkalis". Of the alkali silicates, especially the sodium silicates with a Na ₂ O: SiO2 ratio of 1: 1 to 1: 3.5 can be used.

The detergents according to the invention can additionally contain bleaching agents and bleach activators. Among the compounds which serve as bleaching agents and supply H ₂ O ₂ in water, sodium perborate tetrahydrate (NaBO ₂ .H ₂ O ₂ .3H ₂ O) and monohydrate (NaBO ₂ .H ₂ O ₂ ) are of particular importance. However, other borates which provide H ₂ O _{2 can also} be used, e.g. B. the perborax Na ₂ B ₄ O ₇ - 4H ₂ O ₂ . These compounds can be partially or completely by other active oxygen carriers, in particular by peroxypyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates, urea / H ₂ O ₂ - or melamine / H ₂ O ₂ compounds as well as by H ₂ O ₂ providing peracid salts such as. As caroates (KHSO ₅ ), perbenzoates or peroxyphthalates can be replaced. The detergents and cleaning agents can contain dirt carriers as a further component, which keep the dirt detached from the fibers suspended in the liquor and thus prevent graying. For this purpose, water-soluble colloids, mostly of an organic nature, are suitable, such as, for example, the water-soluble salts of polymeric carboxylic acids, glue, gelatin, salts of ether carboxylic acids or ether sulfonic acids of starch or cellulose or salts of acidic sulfuric acid esters of cellulose or starch. Water-soluble polyamides containing acidic groups are also suitable for this purpose. Soluble starch preparations and starch products other than those mentioned above can also be used, e.g. B. degraded starch, aldehyde starches, etc. Polyvinylpyrrolidone is also useful.

Further surfactants can also be added to the mixtures, provided they do not interfere with the positive effect of the washing and cleaning agents according to the invention.

EXAMPLES

Examples 1 to 8 below describe the tests carried out to test the washing power of the washing and cleaning agents according to the invention in a household washing machine (type: Miele W 760) under the following conditions:

Washing program: soaking program at 30 ° C, 30 min.

Dosage: 86 g washing powder / machine

Water hardness: 16 ° d

Textile samples: 3 kg clean laundry

Determinations: 3-fold

Measurement conditions:

artificial soiling: RFC 3/24 (465 nm)

natural soiling: length device (Y filter)

The composition of the P-free comparison formulation V1 was:

13.5% by weight sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate

1.5% by weight of C ₁₆ -C ₁₈ fatty alcohols with 5-10 mol of ethylene oxide

1.5% by weight of soap (C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ fatty acids)

2.5% by weight water glass

20.0 wt% zeolite NaA

3.5% by weight of Sokalan CP5 (acrylic acid-maleic acid copolymer

Na salt)

Balance inorganic salts, water and other additives

In Examples 1 to 8, a proportion of 15.0% by weight in total, consisting of 13.5% by weight of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and 1.5% by weight of C ₁₆ -C ₁₈ , was found in the P-free comparison formulation V1 -Fatty alcohol with 5 to 10 mol of ethylene oxide, replaced by various surfactant combinations used in the specified mixing ratios anionic surfactant: nonionic surfactant. Blends with of the composition (a) in the examples include dodecylbenzenesulfonate and C ₁₆ -C ₁₈ fatty alcohol with 5 to 10 mol of ethylene oxide. The mixtures in experiment (b) contain the surfactant mixtures to be tested, consisting of anionic surfactant according to the formulas (II) to (V) and alkyl glycoside (I). A cocoalkyl glucoside (C ₁₂ / C ₁₄ ) was used as the alkyl glycoside.

Composition (GC analysis): 62.8% by weight monoglucoside, 15.4% by weight diglucoside, 5.8% by weight triglucoside, 3% by weight residual fatty alcohol, 8% by weight polyglucose; Degree of oligomerization x = 1.3.

1st example:

Surfactant mixture (a) from 12.5% by weight fatty alcohol ethoxylate and 2.5% by weight dodecylbenzenesulfonate, surfactant mixture (b) from 12.5% by weight (I) and 2.5% by weight alkyl sulfate (II) , consisting of a mixture of C ₁₂ -C ₂₂ alkyl sulfates with a C chain distribution of 2% by weight C ₁₂ , 10% by weight C ₁₄ , 31% by weight C ₁₆ , 21% by weight C ₁₈ , 19% by weight C ₂₀ and 17% by weight C ₂₂ . In the case of fat-pigment soiling, standard soiling was used.

The reflectance values were determined photometrically (Zeiss reflectometer, for lipstick and make-up with a Y filter). Differences in remission of 2% and more are significant.

2nd example:

Surfactant mixture (a) from 12.5% by weight of dodecylbenzenesulfonate and 2.5% by weight of fatty alcohol ethoxylate, surfactant mixture (b) from 12.5% by weight of saturated α-sulfoesters (III), consisting of a mixture of the sodium salts of α-Sulfotalgfettsäuremethyl- esters, and 2.5 wt .-% (I).

3rd example

Surfactant mixture (a) of 7.5% by weight of dodecylbenzenesulfonate and 7.5% by weight of alcohol ethoxylate, surfactant mixture (b) of α-sulfo ester (III) and alkyl glycoside (I) in the same ratio.

4th example

Surfactant mixture (a) as in Example 1, surfactant mixture (b) consisting of 2.5% by weight of α-sulfoester (III) and 12.5% by weight of alkyl glycoside (I).

Different remission values for the same soiling with the same anionic surfactant / nonionic surfactant ratio result from several washes with different initial degrees of soiling. However, the values within a table can be compared directly with one another.

Example:

Surfactant mixture (a) as in Example 1, surfactant mixture (b)

12.5% by weight (I) and 2.5% by weight of a secondary hydroxysulfonate of oleic acid isobutyl ester (IV) in the form of Na

Salt.

6. Example:

Surfactant mixture (a) as in Example 2, surfactant mixtures (b) and (c) from 2.5% by weight (I) and 12.5% by weight of secondary dialkyl ether sulfates (V) in the form of the Na salts

(b) R ₅ = C ₈ H ₁₇ (c) R ₅ = CH ₃

^R 6 = C ₁₀ H ₂₁ R ₆ = ^C 10 ^H 21

n = 2 n = 2

p = 4 p = 4

7th example

Example 6 was repeated with a mixing ratio in (a) and (b) of 7.5% by weight to 7.5% by weight.

8. Example

Example 7 was repeated with a mixing ratio in (a) and (b) of 12.5% by weight nonionic surfactant to 2.5% by weight anionic surfactant.

Different remission values for the same stains with the same anionic surfactant / nonionic surfactant ratio result several washes with different initial degrees of soiling. However, values within a table can be compared directly.

Example 9:

Partial rinsing capacity of surfactant mixtures from (I) and secondary dialkyl ether sulfates (V)

To check the cleaning performance, saucers were coated with 2 g of mixed water, protein, fat and carbohydrate mixed with water. Then 8 1 tap water (16 ° d) and 8 1 softened water (3 ° d), each at 45 ° C, were placed in a bowl. To clean the soiled plates, 1.2 g of a cleaning agent consisting of an anionic surfactant according to formula (V) (DAES) and / or a C ₁₂ / C ₁₄ alkyl glucoside (APG) used according to formula (I) were added and the plates washed until the foam of the solution disappears. The mixing ratio was varied as indicated in Table 9.

While DAES had only a very moderate rinse capacity per se and APG per se only a medium rinse capacity, a mixture of both components led to an increase in activity of a maximum of 100%, based on C ₁₂ / C ₁₄ -alkyl glucoside used alone, the level of the standard sodium ABS) was reached.

Temperature: 45 ° C

Active substance: 0.15 g / l

Water hardness: 3 ° d or 16 ºd a) DAES = C ₄ H ₉ -O- (C ₂ H ₄ O) ₁₀ -CH ₂ -CH-C ₁₂ H ₂₅

APG = C ₁₂ / C ₁₄ alkyl glucoside (native basis) ABS = sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS

1. washing and cleaning agents containing a surfactant mixture

(A) an alkyl glycoside

and

(B) an anionic surfactant

as well as further constituents of solid or liquid detergents and cleaning agents, characterized in that the alkyl glycoside (A) obeys the general formula (I),

RO- (G) _x (I) in which R denotes a primary or secondary aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 10 to 18, carbon atoms, G is a symbol which denotes a glycose unit derived from a reducing saccharide with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, and the degree of oligomerization x is between 1 and 10, the anionic surfactant (B) is at least one sulfate or sulfonate which consists entirely or predominantly of

(a) R! -0S0 ₃ M (II),

(b) (III),

(c) (IV),

(d) (V) or 3

(e) Mixtures of the compounds of formulas (II) to (V), where M is a hydrogen, alkali, alkaline earth or Ammonium cation means R _{1 is} an aliphatic linear fatty alkyl or fatty alkenyl radical having 6 to 26 carbon atoms and the derivative of a saturated fatty acid having 8 to 3

22 represent C atoms, R ₃ and R ₄ independently of one another represent hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 6 C atoms, y is 0 or a number from 1 to 17, z is a number from 1 to 18 and Sum (y + z) can be a number from 4 to 18, R _{5 is} an aliphatic linear or branched, saturated alkyl radical having 1 to 18

C atoms, R _{6 is} an aliphatic linear, saturated alkyl radical having 6 to 16 C atoms and the sum (R ₅ + R ₆ ) is 7 to 28 C atoms, where p is a number from 1 to 30 and n is a number can be from 2 to 4, and the weight ratio (A): (B) is between 1: 9 and 9: 1.

2. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the weight ratio (A): (B) is 1: 5 to 5: 1.

3. Composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the amount of alkyl monoglycoside, based on the total amount of alkyl monoglycoside and alkyl oligoglycoside, in the nonionic surfactant according to formula (I) is over 70% by weight and x is less than 1.5, preferably Is 1.1 to 1.4.

4. Composition according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the alkyl glycoside is derived from the glucose.

5. Composition according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the alkyl sulfates of the formula (II) have a C chain distribution of 0 to 3% by weight of C ₁₂ , 5 to 14% by weight of C ₁₄ , 25 up to 35% by weight of C ₁₆ , 17 to 27% by weight of C ₁₈ , 10 to 20% by weight of C ₂₀ and 10 to 20% by weight of C ₂₂ , a hydroxyl number have between 210 and 220 and an iodine value of less than 1.0.

6. Composition according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the secondary sulfohydroxy esters of the formula (IV) are derived from a linear Ci8 fatty acid and R4 is a linear or branched alkyl radical having 4 carbon atoms.

7. Composition according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it contains a secondary dialkyl ether sulfate according to formula (V), wherein R ₅ 1 to 8, preferably 4 to 8 C atoms and R ₆ 6 to 14 , preferably means 10 to 12 carbon atoms, (R ₅ + R ₆ ) is between 14 and 18 carbon atoms, p is a number from 1 to 10 and n is 2.

8. Composition according to one or more of claims 1 to 4,

characterized in that it contains an α-sulfomethyl ester according to formula (III) in which the alkyl radical R _{2 has} 10 to 16 carbon atoms.