EP0310754B1 - Separation device - Google Patents

Abstract

The separation device consists of a row of interconnected concrete elements which form a separating and/or sliding wall on or between roadways, are designed as horizontal prisms and adjoin one another with front faces which run at an angle of 45 DEG to the prism length. The concrete elements are in each case directed towards the traffic and the traffic direction, with the end at which the lateral prism surface and front face form an obtuse angle, the front faces and/or base faces are equipped with synthetic elastic, if appropriate knopped, material for the purpose of increasing the mutual connection, and the base faces have at least one transverse, downwardly open groove for drainage and increasing displacement security, whereas there are provided, starting from the front faces, either in the region of the base face and/or the top lateral surface, and symmetrically to the vertical longitudinal mid-plane, slots which are extended conically or at the ends and receive cross-sectionally adapted, at least metal- reinforced connecting bolts, and/or approximately dovetail-shaped recesses for receiving bridging bolts are provided on lateral surfaces facing away from the traffic. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a separating device which consists of lined up, interconnected concrete elements which are arranged in a wall-like manner between opposing carriageways or on the edges of roads or the like, the mutually identical concrete elements having a prism shape and with their perpendicular prism bases in the wall-shaped one Arrangement in the manner of end faces face each other and have a polygonal cross-sectional shape and a correspondingly divided jacket shape, in which one surface is designed as a standing surface (standing surface), while the other surfaces run perpendicularly and / or diagonally ascending or horizontally and as sliding surfaces , Visible surfaces, mounting surfaces or the like are configured.

Separators are known worldwide. They are available in versions made of steel or plastic as well as composed of concrete elements. When steel is used, not only are the individual elements expensive, but the mutual connection of the individual elements is time-consuming and therefore also expensive.

Separators of the type mentioned have the advantage that they are very stable and therefore resistant due to their own weight, and that they are inexpensive compared to steel.

Since separating devices have the task of catching vehicles coming off the road and preventing such vehicles from getting into an oncoming lane running next to it or from straying from the road and endangering adjacent areas, the concrete elements sometimes have to withstand quite large forces. In known separation devices, a single element cannot absorb such impact forces without being displaced. For this reason they are mechanically connected to one another in known separation devices with mutually facing end faces by complicated coupling devices.

The design of the known concrete elements of the separating devices mentioned at the outset, in which the end faces run at right angles to the length, not only has the purpose of making it possible to mount the coupling elements, it is also intended to create curved separating devices, because if successive concrete elements are in each case If angles are offset from one another, so that a more or less wedge-shaped gap is formed between the end faces of adjoining concrete elements, polygonal wall profiles result which enable erection in curve areas of roadways or streets. This necessity of spacing two successive concrete elements is, however, an almost inadmissibly serious disadvantage, because a vehicle that comes off the road meets a front right-angled corner in the gap. This gives the effect of a head-on collision against a wedge-shaped butt. It inevitably leads not only to very serious vehicle but also serious personal injury and also in the case of concrete of the highest quality and highest compaction it must be expected that the impact force concentrated on a corner will cause damage to the concrete element.

The elements of the known separation device mentioned at the outset also have the disadvantage that they can only be used directly for specific purposes. You cannot use it as a slope wall, not as a permanent retaining wall, not as a base for noise barriers or the like.

A separating device of the type mentioned is described under the heading: "Concrete guide walls for increased traffic safety" in volume 44, January 1978, on pages 52, 53 of the magazine: "Concrete plant + precast technology" by J. Jakobs.

It is reported that such separators were built on site using slipforms and ready-mix concrete. In this manufacturing technique, the known aids for increasing the strength of molded concrete parts, such as high compaction and / or pressing, must be dispensed with. The separating devices are therefore more easily damaged and therefore easier to repair than is the case with elements that are manufactured in concrete plants. On-site repairs are cumbersome and have only limited quality or durability. Although this manufacturing technology avoids the emergence of the dangerous corners mentioned and also ensures high stability, the disruption to the flow of traffic takes a long time and the lower material strength and greater susceptibility to repairs cancel out these advantages.

They also do not offer the advantages of a sliding wall made from prefabricated parts, since they can only be erected at a fixed location and then cannot be moved. As a result, your temporary use is different, e.g. at workplaces.

A separation device made from individual elements is also reported. Although these concrete elements have a relatively low weight, they do not provide sufficient stability in the event of an impact. The end faces are also perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. The concrete elements are connected to each other with the help of plug-in plugs. The dangerous corners mentioned cannot be avoided. Universal use, i.e. for purposes other than creating separators is not possible.

As studies and practice have shown, the connecting elements - e.g. the plug-in plugs - hardly able to withstand the start-up loads

The separating device according to DE-A 1 534 470 is also made of concrete elements. Also with these concrete elements, high weight and ground friction allow the impact forces to be consumed. The concrete elements are additionally secured by chains against excessive impact forces. This ket ten run through horizontal longitudinal holes and can be tensioned. In order for this bracing to be possible, the concrete elements are laterally offset from one another. The end faces of these concrete elements can be slightly spherical and also slightly concave. However, the tangential plane on the curved end faces is essentially perpendicular to the length. If two concrete elements with spherical end faces meet, there are dangerous gaps through which free-standing corners are created, which vehicles can collide with frontally. Even if a spherical end face abuts a concavely curved end face, gaps or free-standing corners are created. The disclosed alternative solution to mutual connection by means of stepped end faces connected with solder bolts or positive locking in the manner of a dovetail connection does not prevent the dangerous corners from being exposed. Except for the formation of separators, there is no use for the concrete elements.

The separating device according to DE-U 8 708 908 consists of fittings which are toothed or toothed on at least one side. A separating device can be created by means of intermediate pieces with teeth or other shaped pieces, in which the individual elements are positively connected over a large area. Molded parts of this type are difficult to manufacture from concrete, i.e. correspondingly expensive. Handling, i.e. the assembly to the separating device, becomes difficult if the teeth have to be inserted into each other, but the large weight of a concrete body has to be moved. Therefore, the separator can only be made from molded parts made of lightweight materials, e.g. Recycled plastic. The resistance to impact is too low with such materials, and the weight is not sufficient to withstand displacement forces. Therefore, the molded parts should be hollow bodies that are filled with ballast. Liquid or powdered ballast is extremely dangerous because if the hollow body is damaged, it can cause dirt on the road surface. Although this known separating device has no dangerous exposed corners, it is not practical for the reasons described.

The separating device according to FR-A 2 585 047 also consists of molded parts which are made of plastic or steel and are designed as hollow bodies which have to be filled with ballast. Such molded parts are not practical for the reasons already mentioned.

FR-A 2 557 896 discloses concrete elements for creating separating devices of the type mentioned at the beginning. End faces running at right angles to the longitudinal axis lead to the dangerous exposed corners.

In the separating device according to US-A 3 092 371, several differently shaped concrete parts are required. The main elements have slightly spherical end faces that run largely at right angles to the length, through which curves are to be formed. Curves that are more curved cannot be formed, i.e. This known separating device can only be used for roads with a straight, at most slightly curved course.

Based on this known prior art, the invention has for its object to provide a separating device of the type mentioned, in which concrete elements are used, which are designed so that, despite the possibility of creating curved wall profiles, they border one another without gaps, one Frontal impact against a sharp corner reliably prevent them easily or without much assembly work to a partition or the like. are connectable and can also be used universally.

To solve this problem, the above-mentioned separating device is characterized according to the invention in that the concrete elements are designed as inclined prisms with mutually parallel end faces, which are inclined at an angle of 45 _° to the prism length, that these end faces in the wall-shaped arrangement of the concrete elements on the Direction opposite to the traffic direction on the side facing traffic at an obtuse angle to the length of the prism and in the wall-shaped arrangement, with at least partially mutually contacting end faces, form a positive and non-positive connection of adjacent concrete elements.

In the separating device designed according to the invention, the concrete elements have perpendicular end faces, but inclined at an angle of 45 _° to the length, and they are each arranged in such a way that the corner opposite the direction of traffic, ie the angle between the end face and the outer surface, is obtuse, ie 135 _{° in} size , is. In addition, the concrete elements are offset so that they touch each other with the end faces at least in some areas.

This configuration is independent of the specific cross-sectional shape of the concrete element in each case. Concrete elements in the shape of a truncated pyramid, trapezoidal or the links in cross-section can thus be designed differently, without the cross-sectional shape having an influence on the particular configuration of the end faces and thus impairing the advantages which result from this configuration.

First of all, there are no gaps in the separating device designed according to the invention due to the concrete elements touching the end faces. Since there are no gaps between the concrete elements, it is also impossible for a vehicle to get into a gap when deviating from the roadway and to suffer a frontal impact on a corner. Even if two consecutive concrete elements have been pushed out of alignment, that is, with their longitudinal axes offset to one another or running at a slight angle, the worst case scenario is the corner with the obtuse angle of 135 _° . However, this acts more as a sliding and steering tendency, and from egg Previously, a frontal impact was a sliding impact, the impact force of which was considerably reduced and impact damage was reduced accordingly.

Although the concrete elements in the separating device designed according to the invention in the embodiment according to the aforementioned main claim are only lined up with at least partial end face contact and do not require any further aids which connect them in a force-transmitting manner, there is nevertheless power transmission. A concrete element that is hit by the force of an impacting vehicle and is unable to absorb this impact impulse due to its inherent weight-related inertia and grip of its footprint, transmits the impulses via its end face to the next concrete element. If the impact impulse is so strong that the next concrete element is not yet sufficient to neutralize the force, this transfers the pulse remnants to the next concrete element etc. This ensures that the concrete elements are manageable, i.e. reasonable dimensions and weights manufactured, therefore can be transported and installed inexpensively and still have a high degree of stability. This stability arises even when a vehicle hits the concrete element at right angles to the direction of traffic, because due to the overlap of the concrete elements in the area of the end faces, such lateral forces are also passed from end face to end face from one concrete element to the other. While in the known separating devices with concrete elements mentioned at the beginning, which have right-angled end faces, despite the coupling links in the event of accidents, i. when vehicles came off the carriageway, displacements of the concrete elements occurred, which subsequently had to be corrected in laborious repair work, any displacements which may occur in the separating devices according to the invention are negligibly small. It is of considerable importance that this effective force transmission from concrete element to concrete element is achieved for average loads without any force-transmitting connecting element, because this results in very considerable savings when installing separating devices.

It is also essential that the inclined end faces make it possible to erect dividing devices in an arc shape, i.e. to provide road or road curves with separating devices, and that even in this case a complete coverage is ensured on the concave side of the arch that is at risk. Even when the end faces are partially touched, the described force-transmitting effects become effective, and there is the possibility of reliably avoiding a frontal impact on a corner at a 90 _° angle. Since the concave side is always the endangered side of roadways, which must absorb impacting vehicles and which is subjected to high forces in the event of an impact, the separating device designed according to the invention offers a level of safety not previously achieved. The fact that there are gaps on the convex side, between the two end faces of successive concrete elements, which are comparatively narrow, is insignificant in terms of safety, because the probability that an impact on a curved roadway is centripetal and not centrifugal is very high low. Should this unlikely impact take place anyway, the safety factor already mentioned also takes effect in this case; because the concrete elements form an obtuse-angled corner of 135 _{° in} an impacting vehicle, which acts as a sliding surface and avoids the effect of a frontal impact.

So that the concrete elements of the device designed according to the invention are always directed at an obtuse angle to the traffic, it is necessary to produce a left and a right version, depending on whether the concrete elements, seen in the direction of travel, to the left of the road or to the right the lane. If the concrete elements are to be used in areas with left-hand traffic, the requirements for left-hand or right-hand execution are reversed.

So that the separating device optimally fulfills its purpose, the requirement mentioned several times must be made that the individual element is able, due to its own properties, to absorb the impact of a vehicle with as little or as little as possible slipping. One way of fulfilling this requirement is to make the concrete elements difficult to make so that they can be moved with difficulty by an impact due to their high weight and thus the mass of the support as well as their high resistance to displacement. But there are limits to this path. The manageability when transporting and setting up the concrete elements limits the weight increase. In addition, for reasons of price, it is not justifiable to make the concrete elements chunkier or more extensive in cross-section than would correspond to the conditions of use. The concrete elements of the separating device designed according to the invention can only be made as long and thus as difficult as is manageable, etc. in the context of manageability. However, this path can only be followed without disadvantages if the concrete elements are to be used to create separating devices which are straight or only slightly curved.

DE-U 7 420 685 discloses, as a replacement for straw bales, which are intended to prevent in motorcycle racing that motorcycle riders crash into the sharp-edged guardrails, so-called impact absorbers in pieces of approximately 10 m in length, which are given as flexible pads by air or seagrass filling or the like and strapped to the guard rails. Gaps could form at adjacent ends of these tubular cushioning elements because of their deformation, and the motorcycle rider could still crash into the guardrail posts through the gaps. Therefore the ends are overlapped, either the stepped or oblique. The overlap is chosen so that the direction of travel faces either a corner with step shape or an obtuse angle with sloping ends. An impact on a corner is harmless due to the flexibility of the impact pads. The slanted final design has nothing in common with the invention, because cushions are flexible, they are attached to the guide posts and they do not transmit any impact forces in the sense of a partition.

Concrete elements of shorter length are considerably more advantageous for separating devices that are more curved or curved.

In order to be able to manufacture economically, a compromise solution will therefore be found in practice in terms of length, in which the stability, i.e. the resistance to displacement is as large as possible, while the length of the concrete elements is limited to a value at which curved separating devices can still be realized with good polygonal alignment. It is therefore important to increase the security against displacement in another way.

Therefore, in a further development according to claim 2 it is provided that the concrete element is coated with an elastic material on the end faces at least in areas near the edges, on the outer surfaces at least in areas near the end faces. This protects the surfaces. The friction between the parts increases and with it the power transmission from one element to the other, so that the elements stick together like a closed wall.

An advantageous further development according to claim 3 consists in that the end faces and, if necessary, the standing area, in each case at least in regions, are provided with knobs made of elastic material, such as plastic, which are fastened in the concrete element.

Elastic knobs, which are arranged in the surface of the concrete element on the end faces or the standing surface, have the advantage that, as it were, they offer mutual resistance from end face to end face, so that sliding against each other touching end faces is avoided. The elastic knobs on the base adapt to the surface and increase the resistance to displacement. However, this measure also makes installation work easier and the preparation of the sub-floor no longer needs to be so precise because the knobs compensate for irregularities. The elastic knobs allow the concrete elements to be placed very close to one another, so that they are already in contact with one another, so to speak, without causing any disadvantages. Concrete elements are also subject to thermal expansion in strong sunlight. The elastic knobs absorb these thermal expansions by deforming.

Another way is indicated by the development according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the surface of the concrete element on the end faces, at least in areas close to the edge, on the outer surfaces, at least in areas close to the face, with rounded angles, between the wall surface and the end surface is, and that the recesses are supplemented by elastic material firmly adhering to the concrete element to the original shape of the concrete element.

In this development, the concrete elements can be placed against one another with the end faces on pre-pressure, so that they are clamped or clamped in the frame of the separating device. Thermal expansion is absorbed and compensated for in the manner already mentioned within the elastic material. It is of particular advantage in this development that pointed corners are generously rounded as far as the concrete body is concerned and that the addition to the target shape is made by the elastic material. In this way, safety is increased to a considerable degree, because even in the most adverse circumstances, vehicles hitting in extremely disadvantageous directions encounter resilient material, which reduces the impact and reduces impact damage. But the concrete element itself also benefits from this development, because the corners and edges of a concrete body are in danger of being destroyed, but an elastic material absorbs forces that could damage the corner of a concrete body through elastic deformation.

The development according to claim 4 related to end faces and lateral surfaces. However, according to claim 5, it can also be used to advantage on the stand area. You have a considerable increase in the security against displacement if the elastic material is flexible enough to adapt to even the smallest unevenness of the base.

You can combine the execution according to claim 3 with that according to claim 4 and 5. However, one can also create a further development according to claim 6, in which the elastic material which complements the recesses in the concrete element has, at least in some areas, a nubbed or rough surface.

An alternative or additionally applicable development of the separating device is characterized in accordance with claim 7, characterized in that the standing surface of the concrete element is divided into at least two partial surfaces by means of at least one channel which is open at the bottom and runs transverse to the length.

Due to the transverse grooves, which are expediently arranged so that they follow one another at equal intervals within the separating device, the displacement resistance of the individual concrete element increases against displacement forces in the longitudinal direction and against forces acting obliquely to the length, because the gravel-like or sand-like subsurface to a certain extent penetrates into the grooves. The further advantage is, however, that when the device is set up on the roadway, it can be drained through the separating device. To avoid aquaplaning and ice formation, this training is very significant Advantage.

A further advantageous embodiment of the separating device according to the invention is that the base surface of the concrete element is divided by offset, for example cross-shaped grooves, which form individual feet.

If it is not possible with the above-mentioned further developments to design the separating device to be sufficiently secure for displacement, for example because the impact forces to be expected are extremely high, or because severely curved dividing or sliding walls are to be erected, in which the concrete elements must be even shorter than the compromise measure allows, then the development according to claim 9 is recommended, which is characterized in that the concrete elements on their end faces, approximately in the longitudinal center plane, on the base surface has open, lower slots of limited height, the cross section of which tapers towards narrow slot openings towards the end face is, and that in the lower slots of two, with their end faces adjoining concrete elements a shape-matched at the slots, tapered towards the middle of its length from both ends, lower double-conical connecting bolt.

This training can be used in addition to those already mentioned or alternatively. Although it provides that successive concrete elements are mechanically connected to one another, as is already the case with the known separating device mentioned at the outset, it avoids the disadvantages associated with the known. Since the end walls are at an angle of 45 ° to the length of the concrete elements, there are no gaps and no right-angled corners that would cause a frontal impact. However, the considerable manufacturing and assembly work is also avoided, since the slots open from the base allow the double-conical connecting bolts to be placed on the ground and the concrete element to be placed on the connecting bolt from above. So there is no coupling, connection or assembly work. The double-conical shape of the connecting bar serves to absorb any tensile forces that may have caused the contacting end faces of two concrete elements to be removed from one another. Even if the double-conical connecting bolts are adapted to the shape of the slots, this does not mean that they must fit into the slots without play. If you allow a certain amount of play and if you make the double-conical connecting bolts long in the middle, narrow area, the concrete elements can also be used when setting up a curved separating device.

According to claim 10, it is provided that the connecting bolt is designed as a steel-reinforced concrete bolt, designed to withstand certain loads up to certain values against longitudinal and transverse to the concrete elements, and on the middle of the length with a concrete breaking point that yields when the steel reinforcement remains under limit load is provided.

This development relates to the design of the connecting bolt in detail. If it is designed as a steel-reinforced concrete bar, it also has a high resistance to shear or compression, so that it is not only able to absorb and transmit pushing forces that act in the direction of pull, but primarily and to a particular extent pushing forces that generate pressure. It is essential, however, that a predetermined breaking point is created in the middle. This predetermined breaking point enables transverse forces to be absorbed up to certain heights. Even if the connecting bar breaks, the steel reinforcement maintains the connection between the two concrete elements. The success of this measure is that, in the event of a severe impact, slight displacements occur, but the mutual connection of the concrete elements within the separating device is not canceled or destroyed.

An alternative solution for a mutual connection of the concrete elements within the separating device is characterized according to claim 11, characterized in that the concrete elements on their end faces, arranged symmetrically to the longitudinal median plane, extending from the uppermost surface area to the bottom and widening in cross section at their ends remote from the end face have open top slots on the end faces and that an upper connecting bar is inserted from above into the top slots of two concrete elements adjoining one another with their end faces, which is cross-sectionally adapted to the shape of two adjoining top slots and is made of metal coated with elastic material on the outside consist.

With this configuration, the laying or assembly work may be even easier than with the aforementioned solution. In particular, mutual connections of concrete elements can be produced even with a strong curvilinear course, because the slits extending downwards from the upper lateral surface allow the upper connecting bolts to be made of sheet metal, which is elastically and plastically coated, in accordance with Situation pre-bent and inserted into the slots. Such upper connecting bolts can be dimensioned almost arbitrarily. This is because it can be realized that such bars break due to their material properties and dimensions before the concrete element is damaged. It is much easier to replace a damaged top link after an impact than to replace one or two concrete elements that have broken due to an overload. The fact that the top connecting bolts are coated with an elastic-plastic coating means that they are also protected against corrosion from the weather.

In the development according to claim 12 it is provided that the upper slots extend up to the transport threads of the concrete element and that the upper connecting bar with the Transportge winches can be brought into engagement.

Concrete elements usually have transport threads, with the help of which handling during transport and laying work is made easier. This transport thread can advantageously also be used for fastening upper connecting bolts if the slots extend as far as the transport thread.

The separating device designed according to the invention can be used universally. It can be created both as a temporarily usable separating device and as a permanent device. For this purpose, the development according to claim 13 is suitable, which is characterized in that the adjoining end faces of two adjacent concrete elements are glued together.

The mutual bonding of adjacent end faces means that the mutual connection is absolutely tight and permanent. It can be done by gluing concrete to concrete surface or also by gluing the elastic materials applied to the concrete surfaces. Where separating devices are curved and consequently wedge-shaped gaps are formed on the convex side between two end faces, suitable masses can be poured out.

The separating device designed according to the invention can also be used in a permanent version for other purposes, for example as a support or embankment wall. For this application, the further development according to claim 14 is advantageous, which is characterized in that the concrete elements in or in one of the lateral surfaces facing away from the traffic have a cross-section e.g. dovetail undercut recess, each extending from the end face a distance in the longitudinal direction of the concrete element and that in the two recesses of two, adjacent to the end faces adjacent concrete elements, a bridging bar with at least part of its cross-section is inserted into the recess .

The bridging bars, which positively engage the concrete elements on the back, transfer local embankment pressures from concrete element to concrete element.

It goes without saying that the back of the joint between two end faces can usually also be covered with a cover film if one wants to avoid the penetration of leachate or the like.

The separating device designed according to the invention is extremely versatile. Thus, it is provided according to claim 15 that exposed and visible lateral surfaces of the concrete element are provided with colored and / or retroreflective markings.

In the development according to claim 16 it is provided that at least the uppermost surface of the concrete elements has receiving openings for posts or the like.

In the case of concrete elements of the separating device which, for example, have upper slots for upper connecting bolts, the extended ends of these slots can possibly already be used as receiving openings for posts or the like. Such openings can also be used in the top surface. This makes it possible to build on the top surface of a partition or sliding wall, windbreaks, noise barriers, fences, but also posts for traffic signs, lighting equipment and much more.

The profile of the concrete elements of the separating device designed according to the invention is not mandatory for achieving the inventive advantages, but on the contrary, any profile shape suitable for the respective application can be used. For example, in cases where the main effect of the separating device is in the lower area, while lighter structures are sufficient in the upper area, it is advantageous if the development according to claim 17 is used, which is characterized in that the prismatic cross section of the lying concrete element consists of a bottom is composed of the standing surface, laterally of a flat rectangle delimited at right angles to the standing surface and a trapezoid delimited by inclined running surfaces and an uppermost lateral surface running parallel to the standing surface.

Another already successfully used shape is characterized according to claim 18 in that the prismatic cross-section of the lying concrete element above the trapezoid has a further high trapezoid delimited by steeply inclined lateral surfaces and the uppermost lateral surface and corresponds essentially to that of the "New Jersey" profile.

The so-called "New Jersey" profile has been tested worldwide and can be used according to the invention.

For support and embankment walls, the further development according to claim 19 is particularly advantageous, which is characterized in that the prismatic cross section of the lying concrete element is formed asymmetrically to the solder center line on the standing surface and is delimited in a straight line on the side facing away from the traffic by a vertical or steeply inclined lateral surface.

It has already been mentioned that the separating device can be varied as required. The concrete elements can be made small or comparatively short or large and comparatively heavy, depending on which task the separating device has to fulfill and which loads it is exposed to. In the case of a necessary mutual connection of adjoining concrete elements, the lower slot with the double-conical connecting bar is generally the advantageous form for heavy and large configurations, while the upper slot with the upper connecting bar in general has advantages for light versions, although this rule does not exclude exceptions that require conflicting solutions. In extreme cases, where lightness and high resilience are required, it would also be conceivable to use the upper and lower slots together with the upper and lower connecting bolts.

Although it has already been mentioned that it is irrelevant to achieve the advantages of the invention, what dimensions, size, etc. of the concrete elements of the separating device, it makes sense in the interest of a cheaper manufacture and production if as many applications as possible can be realized with a unit form of a concrete element and if special shapes only have to be produced in rare exceptional cases. A size which, according to at least previous knowledge, is the most suitable for the use of partitions and sliding walls is characterized in that concrete elements with a "New Jersey" profile have a footprint of approximately 0.6 m and a height of approximately 8 .0 m and a length of approx. 3.0 m.

• Fig. 1 - eine Stirnansicht auf ein Betonelement der erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Trennvorrichtung
• Fig. 2 - eine Draufsicht auf eine Trenn- oder Gleitwand mit zwei aneinandergrenzenden jeweils nur teilweise dargestellten Betonelementen,
• Fig. 3 - die Einzelheit gemäß Kreis 111 in Fig. 2, in vergrößertem Maßstabe bei weiteren möglichen Ausgestaltungen,
• Fig. 4 - eine Teilseitenansicht eines Betonelementes der erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Trennvorrichtung,
• Fig. 5 - eine der Fig. 4 entsprechende Darstellung einer weiteren Ausgestaltung des Betonelementes,
• Fig. 6 - eine Bodenansicht des Betonelementes gemäß Fig. 5 in Richtung des Pfeiles VI in Fig. 5, mit Blick auf kreuzförmig verlaufenden Nuten und die so gebildeten Standfüße,
• Fig. 7 - eine Bodenansicht des Bereiches zweier aneinandergrenzender Betonelemente, die durch einen unteren Verbindungsriegel miteinander gekoppelt sind,
• Fig. 8 - eine Schnittansicht bei längs der Linie VIII-VIII in Fig. 7 verlaufender Schnittebene,
• Fig. 9 - eine Draufsicht auf einen unteren Verbindungsriegel zum Einsatz für Trennvorrichtungen gemäß Fig. 7 und 8,
• Fig. 10 - eine Draufsicht auf den Bereich zweier aneinandergrenzender Betonelemente bei einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Trennvorrichtung, bei welcher obere Schlitze mit oberen Verbindungsriegeln verwendet werden,
• Fig. 11 - eine Schnittansicht bei längs der Linie XI-XI in Fig. 10 verlaufender Schnittebene,
• Fig. 12 - eine Weiterbildung in einer Ansicht gemäß Fig. 11, bei welcher Transportgewinde zu Verbindungszwecken herangezogen werden können,
• Fig. 13 - einen Horizotalschnitt durch einen oberen Verbindungsriegel,
• Fig. 14 - eine Seitenansicht des Verbindungsriegels gemäß Fig. 13,
• Fig. 15 - die Stirnansicht auf ein Betonelement der erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Trennvorrichtung, die als Böschungs- oder Stützmauer verwendet wird,
• Fig. 16 - eine Teildraufsicht gemäß Pfeil XVI in Fig. 15,
• Fig. 17 - eine Weiterbildung, welche die Befestigung von Pfosten oder dergleichen für Verkehrszeichen symbolisch wiedergibt,
• Fig. 18 - ein Fig. 17 entsprechendes Bild mit weiteren Applikationen bei einer anderen Querschnittsform,
• Fig. 19 - eine Teildraufsicht auf die oberste Mantelfläche eines Betonelementes mit verschiedenen Aufnahmeöffnungen für Aufbauten und
• Fig. 20 - eine Schemadraufsicht auf ein Teilstück einer bogenförmigen Trennvorrichtung, bestehend aus aneinandergereihten Betonelementen.

The separating device according to the invention is shown schematically in the drawings using several exemplary embodiments. It shows:

• Fig. 1 - an end view of a concrete element of the separating device designed according to the invention
• 2 - a plan view of a partition or sliding wall with two adjoining concrete elements which are only partially shown,
• 3 - the detail according to circle 111 in FIG. 2, on an enlarged scale with further possible configurations,
• 4 - a partial side view of a concrete element of the separating device designed according to the invention,
• 5 - a representation corresponding to FIG. 4 of a further embodiment of the concrete element,
• 6 - a bottom view of the concrete element according to FIG. 5 in the direction of arrow VI in FIG. 5, with a view of grooves running in a cross shape and the feet thus formed,
• 7 - a bottom view of the area of two adjoining concrete elements which are coupled to one another by a lower connecting bar,
• 8 - a sectional view with the sectional plane running along the line VIII-VIII in FIG. 7,
• 9 - a plan view of a lower connecting bar for use for separating devices according to FIGS. 7 and 8,
• 10 shows a plan view of the area of two adjoining concrete elements in a further embodiment of the separating device, in which upper slots with upper connecting bolts are used,
• 11 is a sectional view with the sectional plane running along the line XI-XI in FIG. 10,
• 12 - a development in a view according to FIG. 11, in which transport threads can be used for connection purposes,
• 13 - a horizontal section through an upper connecting bar,
• 14 - a side view of the connecting bolt according to FIG. 13,
• 15 - the front view of a concrete element of the separating device designed according to the invention, which is used as an embankment or retaining wall,
• 16 is a partial top view according to arrow XVI in FIG. 15,
• 17 - a development which symbolically represents the fastening of posts or the like for traffic signs,
• 18 - an image corresponding to FIG. 17 with further applications with a different cross-sectional shape,
• Fig. 19 - a partial plan view of the top surface of a concrete element with different receiving openings for structures and
• Fig. 20 - a schematic plan view of a portion of an arcuate separator consisting of strung concrete elements.

Fig. 1 shows a concrete element 2 in front view. The concrete element 2 shown is adapted approximately to the "New Jersey" profile. It has the shape of a prism, which is arranged lying in the separating device 1 (see FIG. 20). The cross section of the lying concrete element 2 consists of a lower flat rectangle 3 and an overlying trapezium 4, which is followed by a relatively slim trapezoid 5. The concrete element can consist of high-density concrete and internal steel reinforcements, not shown.

Due to the shape shown in FIG. 1, the concrete element 2, as the lower surface of the prism, has a standing surface 6 and an uppermost boundary surface 7.

As shown in FIG. 2, the concrete elements 2 have end faces 8 that extend at an angle of 45 _° to a longitudinal median plane 9. With these end faces 8, the concrete elements 2 can be arranged close together to the separating device 1. They have surfaces or pressure contact at least in some areas and overlap one another at the ends in such a way that no gaps or gaps arise between two concrete elements 2.

2 shows an embodiment of a separating device in the median of directional lanes. The direction of traffic is shown in FIG. 2 by the arrow V. This arrangement and configuration has the effect that that corner of the concrete element 2 which is opposed to the traffic direction V on the side exposed to traffic has an angle of 135 _° . This has the advantage that even if two concrete elements 2 have been displaced in relation to one another and the front corner exposed to traffic is exposed, an obtuse angle is created, the legs of which serve as sliding and sliding surfaces. In this way, an impacting vehicle cannot be subject to the effects of a frontal impact, but is gliding away over the obtuse-angled surfaces.

Thanks to the inclined end faces 8, the separating device 1 can be made from concrete elements 2 without the need for an additional mutual mechanical connection for normal cases, because a tendency to displacement of an individual concrete element caused by impact force is divided by the friction of the standing surface after overcoming the displacement safety 6 with the subsurface of the adjacent end face 8, so that the adjacent concrete element 2 absorbs the rest of the impact force not absorbed by the affected concrete element 2. Under normal conditions, therefore, only negligibly small shifts are possible. Even vehicles hitting at right angles to the length of the concrete elements do not lead to displacements of the concrete elements 2; because in this case too, the inclined end faces 8 transmit those residues of the impact force which they cannot absorb through their own security against displacement to the neighboring concrete element or elements.

20 shows that in the case of a curved arrangement the end faces 8 of the concrete elements 2 do not come into contact over the whole area, but that wedge-shaped gaps 10 remain between them. In order to increase the mutual connection effect, these wedge-shaped gaps 10 can be filled with removable casting compounds in temporarily created separating devices 1, and permanent casting compounds can be inserted in the case of permanent designs.

In order to increase the security against displacement of an individual concrete element against impact force, the end face 8 and optionally or also exclusively the standing area 6 according to FIG. 3 can be equipped with mushroom-shaped knobs 11 made of elastic material anchored in the concrete element. On the stand area 6 the knobs press into the ground and increase the security against displacement. On the end faces 8, the knobs can be in relation to one another with a gap, so that they interlock to a certain extent and counteract relative displacements on end walls 8 that are adjacent to one another.

In the left half of Fig. 3 it can be seen that the surface of the concrete element 2 is recessed in the area of the end face 8 and is generously rounded at the corners and that the concrete element is supplemented by elastic material 12 to the original shape. This material can be firmly adhered to the concrete element by appropriate measures and can also be seen in the lower area of FIG. 3 and also have knobs 13 on its surface. End faces, adjacent jacket surfaces and the base 6 can be equipped in this way. Resiliently flexible materials press into rough surfaces or adapt to them, thus increasing the resistance to displacement against impact forces. The generous rounding on the end faces protects the concrete elements from unfavorable loads. The resilient material is able to absorb thermal expansion. It also allows the individual concrete elements 2 to be put together, as it were, under pressure with the end faces 8 by compressing the elastic material 12, so that a high degree of security against displacement is achieved. This is particularly advantageous in the case of an arcuate arrangement, because work can be carried out at least on the partial contact surfaces with a high mutual contact pressure.

The partially reproduced concrete element 2 shown in FIG. 4 has a base 6 which is either equipped with elastic material 12 or mushroom-shaped knobs 11, but is otherwise smooth and even. In the embodiment according to FIG. 5, openings 6 which are open at the bottom, e.g. In cross-section, U-shaped, channel-shaped grooves 14 running at right angles to the longitudinal center plane 9 are incorporated. Through these grooves, which are expediently placed so that there are uniform distances between the grooves 14 within the separating device 1, the displacement resistance of the concrete element increases with respect to the substrate, because the more or less flexible base material at least partially bulges into the grooves. With hard ground, however, the opposite is the case. In addition, these grooves 14 have the considerable advantage that they enable cross-drainage through a separating device.

FIG. 6 shows the bottom view of the concrete element 2 according to FIG. 5.

1 to 5 for normal cases, an extremely resistant to impact separating device 1 can be created, the security of which is that the individual concrete elements on the one hand rest largely against displacement and on the other hand over the inclined at an angle of 45 _° End faces are in contact with each other and thus transfer unresorbed impact forces to neighboring elements.

For extreme cases, where these measures are not sufficient to ensure the security against displacement, the further developments according to FIGS. 7 to 9 are provided. In this case, an upright, trapezoidal, lower slot 15, which has a limited height, is worked into the standing area 6 of the concrete elements 2 symmetrically to the longitudinal median plane 9 in the area of the end faces 8. This slot opens into the end face 8 in the form of a comparatively narrow gap, while the broad trapezoid lies at a distance from the end face. In this way, two adjoining concrete elements with lower slots 15 jointly delimit an approximately double-conical gap. A lower connecting bar 16 is inserted into this gap. The insertion is relatively simple in that the connecting bar 16, which is double-conical, is placed on the floor and the concrete element is placed over it when laying. The lower connecting bolt 16 is advantageously designed as a reinforced concrete bolt, which has an inner steel reinforcement 17, but has a very narrow cross section 18 in the middle, which is designed to a certain extent as a predetermined breaking point. A lower tie bar 16 is capable of limited tensile forces from Betonele ment 2 to transfer to concrete element 2. It transmits thrust forces in the same way, in relation to transverse forces which are not transmitted via the end faces 8, but which tend to separate the end faces 8 from one another. If the concrete breaks under stress, the predetermined breaking point 18 takes effect. The concrete breaks and the steel reinforcement 17 maintains its strength. As a result, the concrete elements are only negligibly displaced relative to one another.

Another possibility of additionally mechanically connecting the concrete elements 2 to one another is to in turn guide the upper slots 19 in the uppermost lateral surface 7 near the end faces symmetrically to the longitudinal median plane 9, and to limit the upper slots 19 downward in the perpendicular direction. These slots are conveniently undercut, i.e. at their ends distant from the end faces crowned or angularly enlarged in cross section. You can also bring the slots 19 to any existing transport thread 20. See Fig. 12.

In these slots, so-called upper slots 19, upper connecting bolts 21 are inserted, which consist essentially of sheet metal, which is thickened at the ends by flanging or similar measures and which is covered on all sides by elastic material. By inserting these upper connecting bolts into the upper slots 19, adjacent concrete elements 2 are connected to one another against tensile and transverse forces.

It is not shown in detail that the lower connecting bar 16 as well as the upper connecting bar 21 can also be adapted to the situation of an arcuate separating device 1. The lower connecting bars 16 can then already be prefabricated in the desired angular shape, the upper connecting bars 21 can be pre-bent or adapted in a suitable form on the laying point. The upper connecting bolts 21 can also have devices which can be brought into engagement with the transport threads 20.

15 shows a further application of the separating device 1, in which the concrete elements 2 are produced with a different profile, in such a way that they have a steeply inclined, flat boundary surface 22 facing away from the traffic. This boundary surface 22 can also run perpendicular. The concrete elements 2 produced in this way with an asymmetrical prism cross section are suitable as supporting and embankment walls. In this case too, the end faces inclined at an angle of 45 _° to the longitudinal vertical plane are not only force-transmitting but also opaque. The end faces 8 can advantageously be glued to one another both in the case of the aforementioned designs and in this case in order to tightly close the gap between the adjoining end faces 8 and thus to ensure additional power transmission. 15, the concrete elements 2 in the embodiment according to FIG. 15 can be provided with dovetail-shaped conical recesses 23 at the height or in the area of the standing surface 6, 12, the latter being open at the bottom. These recesses each run a certain length from the end face 8 in the direction of the concrete element and have an opening with a reduced cross section to the flat face 22. Bridging bars 24 can be used in them, which are made of any materials, concrete or the like, which can be angularly curved even when cornering, and which have the task of transmitting embankment pressures that are exerted locally on a concrete element 2 to the neighboring element.

The concrete element 2 of the separating device 1 designed according to the invention can not only be produced in different cross-sectional shapes according to FIG. 17 or 18, but it can also be advantageously equipped on its end face 8 or on other faces with retroreflective foils or plates or other security surfaces 25 , which contrast in color, reflect light, etc. In the upper boundary surface 7, receiving holes can be provided in the posts 27, for example for traffic signs 28 warning bars 28 or e.g. Posts not shown for noise protection or windbreak walls can be attached.

The concrete elements 2 shown can be manufactured in almost any dimensions, as far as the handling and the load capacity allow. You can have any profile, such as Figures 15, 17 and 18 show. In most applications, they can be set up without mechanical interlocking to the separating device.

It goes without saying that the invention is not intended to be limited to the exemplary embodiments shown and described. Rather, these represent only advantageous exemplary embodiments. For example, instead of concrete, another suitable material can also be selected.

Claims (20)

1. Separation device consisting of assembled concrete elements in series, that are connected with each other and horizontally arranged in a wall-like manner between single-lanes or at road verges or the like, whereby said concrete elements having equal shape between each other, exhibit a prismatic form and, with their prismatic bases running vertically to each other in said wall-like arrangement, are faced towards each other in the manner of front faces as well as comprise a polygonal cross-sectional form and accordingly a jacket form segmented into several planes, in which one plane is developed as a base contact surface (supporting surface), whereas said other surfaces are vertically developed and/or are obliquely ascending or running parallel to each other and are formed as gliding planes or visible planes or add-on planes or the like, characterized in that said concrete elements (2) are formed as inclined prisms having front faces (8) parallel to each other, and which run obliquely to said prism length at an angle of 45 degree; said these front faces (8) in said wall-like arrangement of said concrete elements at said end opposed to said traffic direction, run to said prism length at an obtuse angle on said side turned towards said traffic as well as in said wall-like arrangement, at front faces which at least partly contact each other, form at least in an on-load case a positive and frictional connection of said adjacent concrete elements (2).

2. Separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that said concrete element (2) is coated at said front faces (8), at least in rim adjoining regions, and at said jacket surfaces at least in front face close regions, with an elastic material.

3. Separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that said front faces (8), and, if occasion arises, also said base contact surface (6), are provided each, at least in some regions, with knobs (11) fastened in said concrete element (2), and that are made from plastic material such as plastics.

4. Separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that said surface of said concrete element (2) is recessed at said front faces (8), at least in rim adjoining regions and at said jacket surfaces (7) at least in front face close regions, for chamfer- ring acute angles between surface wall and front face (8), and that said recessions are added to said initial form of said concrete element by elastic material (12) that is rigidly adhered to said concrete element (2).

5. Separation device according to one a several of said claims 1 to 4 characterized in that said surface of said concrete element (2) is recessed and supplemented at said base contact surface (6) and supplemented to said initial form by said elastic and rigidly hold material.

6. Separation device according to one or several of said claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said elastic material (12) supplementing said recessions of said concrete element (2) comprise at least in some regions a knobbed or raw surface (13).

7. Separation device according to one or several of said claims 1 to 6, characterized in that said base contact surface (6) of said concrete element (2) is divided into at least two partial surfaces by means of at least a groove (14) running crosswise to said length and opening downwards like a channel.

8. Separation device according to one or several of said claims 1 to 6, characterized in that said base contact surface (6) of said concrete element (2) is divided into grooves arranged in displaced manner and which, e.g., run crosswise to said grooves forming single base footings.

9. Separation device according to one or several of said claims 1 to 8, characterized in that said concrete elements (2), at their front faces (8) approximately in said longitudinal center line (9) at said base contact surface (6), comprise open, lower slits (15) of limited heights, the cross-section of which in direction of said front face (8) is conically reduced towards small slit openings, and that into said lower slits (15) of said two concrete elements (2) adjacent to their front faces (8), is inserted a lower, double- conical crosshead (16) which is adapted in form to both said slits (15) and is tapering towards said middie of its length from both said ends.

10. Separation device according to claim 9, characterized in that said crosshead (16) is formed as a steel reinforced concrete bar; is capable of bearing limited forces up to defined values along and across to said concrete elements (2), and is provided on the middle of said length with a predetermined concrete breaking point (18) which will give way under critical load at remaining steel reinforcement.

11. Separation device according to one or several of said claims 1 to 10, characterized in that said concrete elements (2) at their front faces (8) comprise open, upper slits (19) which are symmetrically arranged to said longitudinal center line (9) as well as extend from said uppermost jacket surface (7) downwards to a defined limit and which enlarge at their remote front face ends in said cross-section, and that into said upper slits (19) of said two concrete elements (2), with their front faces (8) arranged adjacent to each other, is inserted from the top an upper crosshead (21) which is adapted in cross-section to said form of said two adjoining upper slits (19) and which consists of metal coated with elastic material on the outside.

12. Separation device to one or several of said claims 1 to 11, characterized in that said the upper slits (19) run up to transport threads (20) of said concrete element (2), and that said upper crossheads (21) can be brought into meshing contact with said transport threads (20).

13. Separation device according to one or several of said claims 1 to 12, characterized in that said adjoining front faces (8) of said two adjacent concrete elements (2) can be bonded to each other.

14. Separation device according to one or several of said claims 1 to 13, characterized in that said concrete elements (2), in said jacket surface or in one of said jacket surfaces (22) turned away from said traffic, comprise a recess (23) which is, e.g., undercut in a dovetail-like manner in said cross-section, and is extending each from said front face (8) in longitudinal direction of said concrete element (2) by a distance and that into both said recesses (23) of two said adjacent concrete elements (2), joining said front faces (8) is inserted a bridging-over bar (24) fitting, with at least one part of its cross-section, into said recess (23).

15. Separation device according to one or several of said claims 1 to 14, characterized in that said visible traffic-exposed jacket surfaces of said concrete element (2) are provided with coloured and/or retroflecting markings (25).

16. Separation device according to one or several of said claims 1 to 15, characterized in that said at least said uppermost jacket surface (7) of said concrete elements (20) comprise receiving ports (26) for posts (27) or the like.

17. Separation device according to one or several of said claims 1 to 16, characterized in that said prism cross-section of said horizontally arranged concrete element (2) is built of a flat rectangle (8) delimited below by said base contact surface (6) and laterally by said jacket surfaces running rectangularly to said base contact surface (6), and of a trapezium (4) lying above thereto, which is delimited by inclined peripheral surfaces as well as by a peripheral uppermost surface (7) running parallel to said base contact surface (6).

18. Separation device according to claim 17, characterized in that said prism cross-section of said horizontal concrete element (2) above said trapezium (4) comprises another high trapezium (5) delimited by deep-sloping peripheral surfaces and said uppermost jacket surface (7), and that said prism cross-section essentially corresponds to that one with a 'New Jersey-Profile'.

19. Separation device according to one or several of said claims 1 to 18, characterized in that said prism cross-section of said lying concrete element (2) is asymmetrically developed in regard to said longitudinal center line (9) on said base contact surface (6) and is delimited in rectilinear manner by a perpendicular or steep-sloping front face (22) on said traffic opposed side.

20. Separation device according to one or several of said claims 1 to 19, characterized in that said concrete elements (2) with said 'New-Jersey-Profile' comprise a base sheet surface width of about 0,60 m, a hight of about 0,80 m and a length of about 3,00 m.

Images