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EP0394890A2 - Dispositif de broyage pour bois ou matériaux similaires - Google Patents

Dispositif de broyage pour bois ou matériaux similaires Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0394890A2
EP0394890A2 EP90107609A EP90107609A EP0394890A2 EP 0394890 A2 EP0394890 A2 EP 0394890A2 EP 90107609 A EP90107609 A EP 90107609A EP 90107609 A EP90107609 A EP 90107609A EP 0394890 A2 EP0394890 A2 EP 0394890A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
knife
machine according
knives
wood
machine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP90107609A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0394890A3 (fr
Inventor
Bodo Diemer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Diemer Automat GmbH
Original Assignee
Diemer Automat GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Diemer Automat GmbH filed Critical Diemer Automat GmbH
Publication of EP0394890A2 publication Critical patent/EP0394890A2/fr
Publication of EP0394890A3 publication Critical patent/EP0394890A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L11/00—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor
    • B27L11/005—Tools therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L11/00—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor
    • B27L11/02—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor of wood shavings or the like

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a comminution machine for wood, wood-like materials and the like. According to the preamble of claim 1.
  • drum chippers For the disposal of residual wood and waste in the companies of the woodworking and wood processing industry, in addition to the profile cutting for the shredding of the residual wood in the form of chips, four different machine designs are used in their technology and in the end product. These are drum chippers, disc choppers, shredding machines and grinders. Drum chippers have a rotor that is equipped with several chopping knives lying in the surface line and in which the chopping process is carried out via another fixed counter knife. The end product is a coarse wood chip with fiber lengths between 20 and 100 mm. The wood chips produced in this way are mainly used in the paper, cellulose and plate industry.
  • disc choppers With disc choppers, different knives are arranged diametrically on a rotating disc. During the chopping process, these knives also run against a counter knife and thereby produce a woodchip which, due to the machining rather than the chopping process, has a much better quality than the drum chipper. Disc choppers are therefore mainly used for paper and cellulose pulping generation with chemical dissolution used.
  • Comminution machines so-called slow-speed machines, have a slowly rotating, horizontally lying rotor roller with shear tooth knives arranged spirally around the axis and a hydraulically or mechanically driven box feed.
  • the residual wood is pressed against the shear tooth roller by the box feed, which uses its shear teeth to shred the wood lying against the roller.
  • the end product is an arbitrarily shaped, coarse pulp and fragments, which are mainly suitable for combustion in automated or mechanized combustion plants.
  • Comminution mills have a vertical, slowly rotating rotor, which is also equipped with knives. The material is thrown into a funnel with the rotor at the lowest point. The rest of the wood is fed to the knives by gripping arms, which are arranged spirally on the rotor. Depending on the knife equipment, the product is a fine to coarse schnitzel or crumb, which is also mainly used for combustion in automated or mechanized combustion plants.
  • the first mentioned chippers are mainly used in woodworking companies, especially in sawmills. They are relatively easy to integrate into fully mechanized systems. Their construction is robust and mature; your product meets market requirements.
  • the shredding machines and grinders mentioned above are found almost exclusively in wood processing companies Furniture factories, carpentry shops, ledge factories, etc. Use, ie wherever multi-dimensional residual wood from production has to be shredded. Such machines are only of limited use in mechanized systems because their designs are relatively prone to failure. The product meets the requirements for fuel.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a shredding machine that is suitable for small and medium-sized businesses in the woodworking and woodworking industry in technical and economic terms.
  • the comminution machine can be designed to be extremely simple and inexpensive, since only one knife requires a drive. Noise and dust emissions are extremely low due to the blades that can be moved parallel to each other at low speeds.
  • the lifting pressure required for the cutting process can be effortlessly applied by the lifting and lowering device. Since the material is separated in a shear process, the power requirement can be kept small in a simple manner. In addition, the tool life can be increased, so that the machine according to the invention is advantageously also suitable for small and medium-sized businesses. It can also be used to excellently shred plastic parts such as profile waste in the plastics industry.
  • a pivot axis 4 for a funnel-shaped filling trough 5 for the wood to be shredded is arranged at the upper end 3 of the frame 1.
  • the pivot axis 4 runs horizontally and is provided near the upper corner region 6 of the trough 5. It has a lower mouthpiece 7, on which there is a transverse lower or counter knife 9 in the trough bottom 8.
  • the trough 5 stands at an angle in the room and is pivoted about the axis 4 in the height direction with a lifting and lowering device (to be explained in more detail later).
  • An upper or shear knife 11 is assigned to the counter knife 9, which is fixed on the machine frame 1.
  • the counter knife 9 is moved in parallel against the shear knife 11, as a result of which the knives form a closing shear tongs with which the material located in the trough is cut off.
  • the wood H present in the trough 5 is fed by the action of gravity.
  • the trough bottom 8 is inclined, for example, at an angle of approximately 40 ° with respect to the horizontal.
  • a stop sign 12 which runs perpendicular to the trough bottom 8 and lies in the middle position in front of the trough mouthpiece 7 limits the advancement of the material when the trough 5 is pivoted down.
  • the machine-fixed, detachably attached stop sign 12 also determines the cutting length by its distance from the cutting edge of the upper knife 11.
  • the counter knife 9 is flush with its top to the trough bottom 8, so that the material H can slide freely up to the stop plate 12.
  • the shear knife 11 has a rectangular outline and is provided with a cutting edge 16 on one long side 15.
  • the shear knife 11 lies with a flat rear side 19 on a support surface 57 (FIG. 1), which is preferably provided on a rail 58 of the machine frame 1.
  • the back 19 is provided with a chamfer 14 at the cutting end.
  • the shear knife 11 is clamped onto the rail 58 with a clamping strip 59 (FIG. 1).
  • the terminal block 59 lies on a flat front 18 (FIG. 3) of the shear knife 11, which runs parallel to the rear 19 and one up to the cutting edge 16 running chamfer 17. It is longer than the chamfer 14 and extends over approximately one third of the height of the shear knife 11.
  • the shear knife 11 has longitudinal slots 22, spaced apart from one another and from its narrow sides 20 and 21, two of which are arranged one above the other in the vertical direction of the knife 11. They are penetrated by threaded bolts 60 (FIG. 1) with which the clamping strip 59 is clamped on the rail 58 with the shaving knife 11 interposed.
  • the shear knife 11 can be aligned very precisely with respect to the frame 1 and the lower knife 9 via the longitudinal slots 22.
  • the slots 22 extending in the vertical direction of the shear knife 11 allow the shear knife to be steplessly and precisely adjusted. Even after regrinding of the shear knife 11, a simple yet precise alignment with respect to the counter knife 9 is possible in the manner described.
  • the counter knife 9 (FIGS. 5 and 6) is formed in the form of a strip and has through openings 23 distributed over its length, through which screws and the like can be inserted for fastening the counter knife 9.
  • the lifting and lowering device 10 is preferably actuated via a hydraulic cylinder 24 which is connected to a hydraulic unit 25 provided in the frame 1 and is pivotably mounted on the frame.
  • the device 10 is a knee joint arrangement which essentially consists of an upper toggle lever 26 and a lower toggle lever 27.
  • a mechanically operating lifting and lowering device can also be used be provided.
  • the lower toggle lever 27 is designed as a rocker and is absolutely torsion-resistant and wide in terms of its shape and material thickness.
  • the lower toggle lever 27 thus formed as a relatively thick plate is pivotally supported on its lower end on both sides on an axis 29 which is provided on a base plate 28.
  • the upper toggle lever 26 is advantageously designed in a box construction to achieve a torsion-free design.
  • the toggle lever 26 is formed by two brackets 61, which are connected to one another by a cross member (not shown) which is preferably designed as a hollow profile.
  • the toggle lever 26 has at its lower end 30 on both sides a knee joint bearing 31 located opposite to the toggle lever 27.
  • the toggle lever 26 is supported on both sides on an axis 33 located transversely below the trough 5.
  • the axes 33 are arranged in tabs 53 which are parallel to one another and project vertically downward over a support 52.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 24 is also pivoted on the toggle lever 27 via an axis 54.
  • the axis 54 is mounted in tabs 56 which protrude from the toggle lever 27.
  • the three axes 29, 31, 33 lie parallel to one another and are exactly aligned with respect to the trough bottom 8 and the support 52 for the lower knife 9 in the trough 5.
  • the trough 5 is first pivoted into its uppermost position via the toggle lever 10. In this position, the shear knife 11 is then placed loosely on the counter knife 9 with its cutting edge 16. Then the threaded bolts 60 or other fastening parts are tightened and the shear knife is thus clamped by the terminal block 59 on the support surface 57. The trough 5 is then swiveled down again via the toggle lever 10, the wood H to be cut sliding down. Subsequent lifting of the trough 5 results in a uniform shear average across the entire knife width, in which the shear knife 11 is placed exactly parallel to the counter knife 9. The shear knife 11 can also be adjusted so that its cutting edge 16 is at a short distance from the counter knife 9.
  • transverse gap knives 34, 35 In front of the shear knife 11 are advantageous on the stop sign 12 several transverse gap knives 34, 35 attached. They are mounted with a wedge seat in the stop plate 12 and secured in this position by means of overlying clamping blocks 36 (FIG. 1).
  • the stop plate 12 is provided on its upper side with slots 55, into which the transverse gap knives 34, 35 are inserted and from which they protrude in the direction of the trough 5.
  • the clamping blocks 36 are screwed onto the top of the stop plate 12.
  • the splitting knives 34, 35 are essentially of the same design. However, one splitting knife 34 is somewhat higher than the other splitting knife 35 (FIG. 7).
  • the splitting knives 34 are at a distance from the narrow sides 38, 39 of the stop plate 12 and at a distance which is several times larger.
  • the gap knives 35 In the gap between adjacent gap knives 34, the gap knives 35 are arranged at the same distance from one another and from the adjacent gap knives 34.
  • the cutting edges 40 of the cutting knives 35 are set back in relation
  • the splitting knives 34, 35 are designed as elongated rectangular knives, the narrow edges of which are bevelled on both sides over part of their height, so that oblique edge sections 45, 46 which run towards one another and adjoin a longitudinal edge 44 are formed are. They merge into edge sections 42, 43 running parallel to one another and perpendicular to the cutting edge 40, 41. With one of these edge sections 42, 43, the transverse gap knives lie in the assembled position on the shear knife (FIGS. 1, 8, 12).
  • the edge sections 42, 43 advantageously extend over approximately one third to approximately half the height of the splitting knives 34, 35.
  • the transverse splitting knives can also rest against the shear knife 11 over their entire height. Then, however, more time is required to convey wood that has penetrated between the shear knife 11 and the transverse gap knife 34, 35 (FIG. 11) in the direction of the arrow P 'upwards.
  • the wedge fit of the transverse splitting knives 34, 35 in the stop plate 12 is achieved in that the splitting knives are tapered in a cutting shape in an edge region 47 opposite the longitudinal edge 44 (FIG. 10).
  • transverse gap knives 34, 35 only abut the shear knife 11 in the region of their edge sections 42, 43, that is to say only over about a third of the knife height, material is obtained which gets between the shear knife 11 and the transverse gap knives 34, 35 during the cut , then emerges again at the knives when it has overcome the abutting surfaces 42, 17 of the transverse gap knife 35 and of the shear knife 11 (FIG. 8).
  • the fiber of the wood can lie lengthways, crosswise or diagonally to the knife.
  • the shear cut thus produces strips which correspond in the longitudinal direction to the section length set by the distance of the stop plate 12 from the shear knife 11 and in the transverse direction to the size dimension of the piece to be shredded.
  • the transverse gap knives 34, 35 are arranged in the feed direction after the shear knife 11, through which the wooden parts lying transverse to the feed direction are divided.
  • the division takes place in such a way that the material lying on the counter knife 9 is pushed through the slot 49 (FIG. 12) formed between the stop plate 12 and the cutting edge of the shearing knife 11 during the upward stroke of the trough 5 and through the transverse gap knife 34 located further up at a small height , 35 is separated into uniform pieces (Fig. 11).
  • an extraordinarily high pressure is required to cut through the elongated pieces of material, especially if their fiber direction is transverse to the trough 5.
  • an extraordinarily high pressure is required. This applies in particular if an entire system of transverse gap knives is arranged along the shear knife 11.
  • the pressure required for the severing by means of the transverse gap knives is achieved by extending the toggle lever system or the lifting and lowering device 10.
  • transverse gap knives 34, 35 offset in the vertical direction serves to reduce the forces which occur during the transverse division of the material.
  • the transverse gap knives 34 and 35 viewed transversely to the trough, are not arranged in alignment, but rather are alternately arranged offset in relation to one another in the height direction. This ensures that the material displacement (Fig. 11, 12) between the knives due to the wedge shape of the knives in the first phase of the average is reduced to about half becomes.
  • the outer sides of the material sections present between adjacent transverse gap knives 34 are already on the outer sides 50 running parallel to the extension direction (arrow P ′) , 51 of the transverse gap knife 34, while the separation of the piece of material into two halves is carried out by the shorter transverse gap knife 35 lying between the transverse gap knife 34.
  • transverse splitting knife in conjunction with the shear knife 11 and the pressure transmission achieved by the counter knife 9 via the toggle lever system 10 comminute the wood or the wood-like material into the shape and size of the chips required for production. This size reduction is further favored by the fact that the transverse gap knives 34 and 35 are arranged offset in height from one another.
  • transverse gap knives 34, 35 Since the transverse gap knives 34, 35 only abut about a third of their height on the shear knife 11, those that penetrate between this knife and the transverse gap knives can Wood sections can be transported quickly upwards.
  • the wedge space 62 (FIGS. 8 and 12) created above the contact surfaces by the oblique edge sections 45, 46 of the transverse gap knives 34, 35 also supports the removal of the wood sections, because the wood can expand or relax immediately in this space.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Debarking, Splitting, And Disintegration Of Timber (AREA)
  • Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
EP19900107609 1989-04-28 1990-04-21 Dispositif de broyage pour bois ou matériaux similaires Withdrawn EP0394890A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3914086A DE3914086A1 (de) 1989-04-28 1989-04-28 Zerkleinerungsmaschine fuer holz, holzaehnliche stoffe und dgl.
DE3914086 1989-04-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0394890A2 true EP0394890A2 (fr) 1990-10-31
EP0394890A3 EP0394890A3 (fr) 1991-12-11

Family

ID=6379696

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19900107609 Withdrawn EP0394890A3 (fr) 1989-04-28 1990-04-21 Dispositif de broyage pour bois ou matériaux similaires

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5029625A (fr)
EP (1) EP0394890A3 (fr)
JP (1) JPH0312241A (fr)
DE (1) DE3914086A1 (fr)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011133865A1 (fr) * 2010-04-22 2011-10-27 Forest Concepts, LLC Particules de produit de départ de biomasse de plante de synthèse
US8481160B2 (en) 2010-04-22 2013-07-09 Forest Concepts, LLC Bimodal and multimodal plant biomass particle mixtures
US8497020B2 (en) 2010-04-22 2013-07-30 Forest Concepts, LLC Precision wood particle feedstocks
US8497019B2 (en) 2010-04-22 2013-07-30 Forest Concepts, LLC Engineered plant biomass particles coated with bioactive agents
US8496033B2 (en) 2010-04-22 2013-07-30 Forest Concepts, LLC Comminution process to produce engineered wood particles of uniform size and shape with disrupted grain structure from veneer
US8507093B2 (en) 2010-04-22 2013-08-13 Forest Concepts, LLC Comminution process to produce precision wood particles of uniform size and shape with disrupted grain structure from wood chips
US8734947B2 (en) 2010-04-22 2014-05-27 Forst Concepts, LLC Multipass comminution process to produce precision wood particles of uniform size and shape with disrupted grain structure from wood chips
US8758895B2 (en) 2010-04-22 2014-06-24 Forest Concepts, LLC Engineered plant biomass particles coated with biological agents
US8871346B2 (en) 2010-04-22 2014-10-28 Forest Concepts, LLC Precision wood particle feedstocks with retained moisture contents of greater than 30% dry basis
US9005758B2 (en) 2010-04-22 2015-04-14 Forest Concepts, LLC Multipass rotary shear comminution process to produce corn stover particles
US9061286B2 (en) 2010-04-22 2015-06-23 Forest Concepts, LLC Comminution process to produce precision wood particles of uniform size and shape with disrupted grain structure from wood chips

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4326093A1 (de) * 1993-08-04 1995-02-09 Sabo Maschf Verfahren und Häcksler zum Zerkleinern von organischen Abfällen
US5492159A (en) * 1995-01-04 1996-02-20 Maloshicky; Henry Log-cutter splitter
DE102007014293A1 (de) * 2007-03-26 2008-10-02 Richard Maier Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Hackschnitzeln
JP4936566B2 (ja) * 2009-04-08 2012-05-23 独立行政法人国立高等専門学校機構 樹木枝葉細断機
US9440237B2 (en) 2010-04-22 2016-09-13 Forest Concepts, LLC Corn stover biomass feedstocks with uniform particle size distribution profiles at retained field moisture contents
US10434679B2 (en) * 2016-06-09 2019-10-08 Newman Machine Company, Inc. Stationary box lumber shaving mill with a lumber arrestor
CN110696226B (zh) * 2019-10-16 2022-01-11 临沂军森木塑有限公司 一种木塑复合材料破碎回收装置
CN111617824B (zh) * 2020-05-21 2021-12-03 邝美娟 一种蕨根砸击设备

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1538066A (en) * 1921-04-08 1925-05-19 Louis H Street Pulpwood-chipping machine
DE2065314A1 (de) * 1969-12-08 1973-05-03 Nicholson Mfg Co Zerspanungsvorrichtung fuer rundholzabschnitte
US3977447A (en) * 1969-08-11 1976-08-31 Lionel Pease Harvester chipper machine
US4272032A (en) * 1979-04-25 1981-06-09 Bengt Hellberg Disintegrator of wooden products
GB2065502A (en) * 1979-12-21 1981-07-01 Tokukatsu S Scrap cutting apparatus
DE8905388U1 (de) * 1989-04-28 1989-08-24 Diemer-Automat GmbH, 7470 Albstadt Zerkleinerungsmaschine für Holz, holzähnliche Stoffe u.dgl.

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2760533A (en) * 1953-06-10 1956-08-28 Balsa Proc Company Inc Wood slicing machine
US4086111A (en) * 1976-09-13 1978-04-25 Corey Max L Wood splitter
US4337809A (en) * 1980-08-25 1982-07-06 Bertolette Robert K Log Splitter
US4340098A (en) * 1980-11-03 1982-07-20 Scott George K Log splitter and attachment for tractor
DE3431550A1 (de) * 1984-08-28 1986-03-20 Alois 8551 Waischenfeld Berner Holzzerkleinerungsmaschine
US4945960A (en) * 1989-07-21 1990-08-07 Mccauley Christopher J Double-action vertical wood splitter

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1538066A (en) * 1921-04-08 1925-05-19 Louis H Street Pulpwood-chipping machine
US3977447A (en) * 1969-08-11 1976-08-31 Lionel Pease Harvester chipper machine
DE2065314A1 (de) * 1969-12-08 1973-05-03 Nicholson Mfg Co Zerspanungsvorrichtung fuer rundholzabschnitte
US4272032A (en) * 1979-04-25 1981-06-09 Bengt Hellberg Disintegrator of wooden products
GB2065502A (en) * 1979-12-21 1981-07-01 Tokukatsu S Scrap cutting apparatus
DE8905388U1 (de) * 1989-04-28 1989-08-24 Diemer-Automat GmbH, 7470 Albstadt Zerkleinerungsmaschine für Holz, holzähnliche Stoffe u.dgl.

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011133865A1 (fr) * 2010-04-22 2011-10-27 Forest Concepts, LLC Particules de produit de départ de biomasse de plante de synthèse
US8158256B2 (en) 2010-04-22 2012-04-17 Forest Concepts, LLC Engineered plant biomass feedstock particles
US8481160B2 (en) 2010-04-22 2013-07-09 Forest Concepts, LLC Bimodal and multimodal plant biomass particle mixtures
US8497020B2 (en) 2010-04-22 2013-07-30 Forest Concepts, LLC Precision wood particle feedstocks
US8497019B2 (en) 2010-04-22 2013-07-30 Forest Concepts, LLC Engineered plant biomass particles coated with bioactive agents
US8496033B2 (en) 2010-04-22 2013-07-30 Forest Concepts, LLC Comminution process to produce engineered wood particles of uniform size and shape with disrupted grain structure from veneer
US8507093B2 (en) 2010-04-22 2013-08-13 Forest Concepts, LLC Comminution process to produce precision wood particles of uniform size and shape with disrupted grain structure from wood chips
US8734947B2 (en) 2010-04-22 2014-05-27 Forst Concepts, LLC Multipass comminution process to produce precision wood particles of uniform size and shape with disrupted grain structure from wood chips
US8758895B2 (en) 2010-04-22 2014-06-24 Forest Concepts, LLC Engineered plant biomass particles coated with biological agents
US8871346B2 (en) 2010-04-22 2014-10-28 Forest Concepts, LLC Precision wood particle feedstocks with retained moisture contents of greater than 30% dry basis
US9005758B2 (en) 2010-04-22 2015-04-14 Forest Concepts, LLC Multipass rotary shear comminution process to produce corn stover particles
US9061286B2 (en) 2010-04-22 2015-06-23 Forest Concepts, LLC Comminution process to produce precision wood particles of uniform size and shape with disrupted grain structure from wood chips
US9604387B2 (en) 2010-04-22 2017-03-28 Forest Concepts, LLC Comminution process to produce wood particles of uniform size and shape with disrupted grain structure from veneer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5029625A (en) 1991-07-09
EP0394890A3 (fr) 1991-12-11
JPH0312241A (ja) 1991-01-21
DE3914086A1 (de) 1990-10-31

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