EP0391360A1 - Ballast for a direct heated discharge lamp - Google Patents
Ballast for a direct heated discharge lamp Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0391360A1 EP0391360A1 EP90106385A EP90106385A EP0391360A1 EP 0391360 A1 EP0391360 A1 EP 0391360A1 EP 90106385 A EP90106385 A EP 90106385A EP 90106385 A EP90106385 A EP 90106385A EP 0391360 A1 EP0391360 A1 EP 0391360A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- lamp
- capacitor
- heating wires
- switch
- ballast
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton atom Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
- H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
- H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
- H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
- H05B41/295—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices and specially adapted for lamps with preheating electrodes, e.g. for fluorescent lamps
Definitions
- the invention relates to a ballast according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the controllable impedance is here to be determined by an essentially ohmic impedance, e.g. be formed by a controllable ohmic resistance or by a heating conductor.
- the control circuit part for the impedance operates in dependence on the operating state of the discharge lamp, with a control variable, e.g. signal generated by a sensing circuit and proportional to the lamp current is present.
- the control variable can also be proportional to the lamp voltage.
- the operating frequency of the alternating voltage generator should be selected with a view to the quantities determining the resonance so that the voltage drop across the capacitor is sufficient to ignite the lamp after sufficient heating of the electrodes.
- the heating current itself is inversely proportional to the total impedance of the series circuit consisting of the capacitor and the controllable impedance.
- discharge lamps filled with different gases for example argon or krypton
- argon lamps need a higher operating frequency than krypton lamps.
- the capacitor arranged between the heating wires and connected in series with you is connected in parallel to the electrodes of the lamp, since in the case of directly heated lamps the heating wires simultaneously form the electrodes.
- This capacitor which is part of a series resonant circuit located in the load circuit of the AC voltage generator, has two functions. The first function is to conduct heating current through the heating wires in a preheating phase before the lamp is ignited, while the AC voltage generator is operated at such a high frequency that the lamp is still ignited is closed. The second function of the capacitor is that a resonance voltage surge which causes the ignition occurs on it during the ignition phase, the AC voltage generator being operated during this ignition phase at a frequency which corresponds approximately to the resonance frequency of the resonance circuit.
- the operation of the lamp is largely independent of the heating current that continues to flow through the capacitor.
- This heating current therefore causes an undesirable power loss in the heating wires.
- It also has a disadvantage in that, despite the regulated power consumption in the case of discharge lamps with different gas fillings, because of the different operating frequencies, the result is that the power loss caused by him in the heating wires and thus the luminous efficiency of the discharge lamps is different.
- the power loss in the heating wires caused by the capacitor is higher than in the case of krypton lamps, despite the regulated power consumption of the ballast.
- the basic proposal is known to reduce the heating current flowing through the capacitor and the heating wires and thus the corresponding power loss by igniting the lamp by increasing the controllable impedance, with the result that that the overall efficiency is increased accordingly.
- the problem of the different luminous efficacy in the case of discharge lamps with different gas fillings is also reduced.
- the invention has for its object an alternative proposal for the formation of the controllable impedance and a specific configuration of the control circuit to do part of it.
- the same current flows through the two primary windings of the transformer, and only the heating current. Since the two primary windings are in opposite directions, no current is induced in the secondary winding. After the lamp has been ignited, only the heating current flows through the primary winding arranged between the heating wires, while heating and lamp current flow in the other primary winding. The latter has the result that a current is induced in the secondary winding of the transformer, which supplies the switchover signal for the switch in such a way that it opens and thus interrupts the heating current path.
- Claim 2 relates to an advantageous embodiment of the invention.
- the further capacitor has the task of making it possible to increase the voltage during operation in order to maintain the discharge in the lamp.
- the drawing shows a ballast for a discharge lamp 6.
- the ballast contains a rectifier 1 connected to the AC network, which is followed by an inverter 2 with a controllable frequency.
- the frequency of the inverter 2 is controlled according to a time program which will be explained below.
- the corresponding control part which is not the subject of the invention, has been omitted for the sake of simplicity.
- the frequency of the inverter 2 can also be changed by a power regulator 18 which receives its DC supply voltage from the rectifier 1 via a line 18.
- the power regulator 18 is also supplied with a DC voltage actual value signal by a voltage divider 16, 17.
- the voltage divider 16, 17 is connected to the DC voltage output of the rectifier 1.
- the voltage drop across a resistor 15 in the current path between the rectifier 1 and the inverter 2 is supplied to the power controller 18 as an actual DC value.
- the power controller 18 multiplies the actual DC voltage value and the DC voltage setpoint. He compares the resulting product with an internal setpoint. In the event of a control deviation, the frequency of the inverter 2 is changed. In this way it is ensured that the same power is always drawn from the AC network, regardless of the aging state of the discharge lamp 6 and also regardless of the gas (for example argon or krypton) with which it is filled.
- the output of the inverter 2 forms a series circuit comprising a choke 3, a capacitor, a first primary winding 10 of a transformer 9, a heating wire 7 of the discharge lamp 6, a second primary winding 11 of the transformer 9, a capacitor 5, an electronic switch 14 and the second heating wire 8 of the discharge lamp 6.
- the series circuit comprising the capacitor and the switch 14 is bridged by a further capacitor 13.
- the current induced in the secondary winding 12 of the transformer 9 serves as a switchover signal for the switch 14, the latter being opened when a current is induced in the secondary winding 12.
- the choke 3 serves to limit the lamp current after the lamp has been ignited and to form a series resonant circuit with the capacitors 4, 5 and 13.
- the capacitor 4 is used for decoupling the direct current from the inverter 2 and the lamp 6. It is very much larger than the capacitor 5.
- the capacitor 13 is very much smaller than the capacitor 5.
- the inverter 2 In order to put the lamp 6 into operation, the inverter 2 first generates an AC voltage according to the time program mentioned above, the frequency of which is so far above the series resonance frequency essentially determined by the inductor 3 and the capacitor 5 that there is no resonance voltage surge on the capacitor 5 occurs that could cause the lamp 6 to ignite.
- the switch 14 when the switch 14 is closed, the capacitor 5 is practically parallel to the electrodes of the directly heated discharge lamp 6 formed by the two heating wires 7, 8.
- heating current flows through the series circuit described above in the load circuit of the inverter 2, the switch 14 being closed.
- the frequency of the inverter 2 is lowered in the direction of the series resonance frequency mentioned above, with which As a result, a resonance voltage surge occurs on the capacitor 5 (and of course also on the capacitor 13 of smaller capacitance connected in parallel), which leads to the ignition of the lamp 6.
- a total current formed from the heating current and lamp current flows through the primary winding 10 of the transformer 9.
- only the lamp current flows through the primary winding 11 of the transformer 9. The result of this is that the two primary windings 10, 11 induce opposing but different currents in the secondary winding 12, as a result of which a switchover signal is generated for the switch 14. The latter is opened by this switching signal.
- the heating current flowing through the capacitor 5 is interrupted. Only a heating current can still flow through the condenser 13, which is, however, considerably lower than the heating current previously flowing through the condenser 5, because, as mentioned, the capacitance of the condenser 13 is substantially smaller than the capacitance of the condenser 5.
- the capacitor 13 is provided to possibly. to allow necessary resonance voltage surge during operation of the lamp to maintain the discharge.
- the capacitor 13 is not absolutely necessary, but can also be omitted if necessary.
Landscapes
- Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
- Quick-Acting Or Multi-Walled Pipe Joints (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Vorschaltgerät gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a ballast according to the preamble of claim 1.
Nach der DE-OS 32 08 607 der Anmelderin ist ein derartiges Vorschaltgerät bekannt. Die steuerbare Impedanz soll hier durch eine im wesentlichen Ohm'sche Impedanz, wie z.B. durch einen steuerbaren Ohm'schen Widerstand oder durch einen Heizleiter gebildet sein. Der Steuerschaltungsteil für die Impedanz arbeitet in Abhängigkeit vom Betriebszustand der Entladungslampe, wobei an dem Steuerschaltungsteil als Steuergröße ein z.B. von einer Fühlschaltung erzeugtes, dem Lampenstrom proportionales Signal anliegt. Die Steuergröße kann auch der Lampenspannung proportional sein. Die Betriebsfrequenz des Wechselspannungsgenerators soll im Hinblick auf die Resonanz bestimmenden Größen so gewählt werden, daß der Spannungsabfall am Kondensator ausreicht, um nach genügender Erwärmung der Elektroden die Lampe zu zünden. Hierdurch soll das Startverhalten der Lampe verbessert werden, ohne das Betriebsverhalten der Gesamtschaltung zu verschlechtern. Wenn die Lampe gezündet hat, so ist ihre Brennspannung nahezu unabhängig vom Heizstrom. Der Heizstrom selbst ist umgekehrt proportional zu der Gesamtimpedanz der Serienschaltung aus dem Kondensator und der steuerbaren Impedanz. Durch Erhöhen der Impedanz, entweder durch Steuerung oder Frequenzänderung, wird die Heizleistung erniedrigt und damit der Gesamtwirkungsgrad der Anordnung erhöht.According to the applicant's DE-OS 32 08 607, such a ballast is known. The controllable impedance is here to be determined by an essentially ohmic impedance, e.g. be formed by a controllable ohmic resistance or by a heating conductor. The control circuit part for the impedance operates in dependence on the operating state of the discharge lamp, with a control variable, e.g. signal generated by a sensing circuit and proportional to the lamp current is present. The control variable can also be proportional to the lamp voltage. The operating frequency of the alternating voltage generator should be selected with a view to the quantities determining the resonance so that the voltage drop across the capacitor is sufficient to ignite the lamp after sufficient heating of the electrodes. This is intended to improve the starting behavior of the lamp without impairing the operating behavior of the overall circuit. When the lamp has ignited, its operating voltage is almost independent of the heating current. The heating current itself is inversely proportional to the total impedance of the series circuit consisting of the capacitor and the controllable impedance. By increasing the impedance, either by controlling or changing the frequency, the heating power is reduced and thus the overall efficiency of the arrangement is increased.
Nach der DE-OS 32 08 607 ist es ferner bekannt, daß der Wechselspannungsgenerator von einem an das Wechselstromnetz angeschlossenen Gleichrichter und einem diesem nachgeschalteten Wechselrichter gebildet ist.According to DE-OS 32 08 607 it is also known that the AC voltage generator from a rectifier connected to the AC network and one of these downstream inverter is formed.
In der älteren, jedoch nicht vorveröffentlichten europäischen Patentanmeldung 88 106 325.9 der Anmelderin, zu der auch Deutschland benannt ist, ist vorgeschlagen worden, eine Regeleinheit vorzusehen, mittels welcher die dem Wechselstromnetz entnommene Leistung konstant gehalten wird, indem der Ist-Wert der vom Gleichrichter erzeugten Gleichspannung und der Ist-Wert des dem Gleichrichter entnommenen Gleichstromes multipliziert werden und das Produkt dieser beiden Ist-Werte mit einem Leistungs-Sollwert verglichen wird. Bei Abweichung des Ist-Wert-Produktes von dem Leistungs-Sollwert wird die Frequenz des Wechselrichters zur Regulierung der Regelabweichung korrigiert.In the applicant's older, but not prepublished, European patent application 88 106 325.9, to which Germany is also named, it has been proposed to provide a control unit by means of which the power drawn from the AC network is kept constant by the actual value of the power generated by the rectifier DC voltage and the actual value of the direct current taken from the rectifier are multiplied and the product of these two actual values is compared with a power target value. If the actual value product deviates from the power setpoint, the frequency of the inverter is corrected to regulate the control deviation.
Bekannt ist ferner, daß mit unterschiedlichen Gasen, beispielsweise Argon oder Krypton gefüllte Entladungslampen voneinander abweichende Strom-Spannungs-Charakteristiken haben. Damit sie dem Wechselstromnetz gleiche Leistung entziehen, müssen sie bei unterschiedlichen Betriebsfrequenzen betrieben werden. Argonlampen brauchen für gleiche Leistungsaufnahme beispielsweise eine höhere Betriebsfrequenz als Kryptonlampen.It is also known that discharge lamps filled with different gases, for example argon or krypton, have different current-voltage characteristics. In order for them to draw the same power from the AC network, they must be operated at different operating frequencies. For the same power consumption, argon lamps, for example, need a higher operating frequency than krypton lamps.
Der zwischen den Heizdrähten angeordnete und mit Ihnen in Serie geschaltete Kondensator ist parallel zu den Elektroden der Lampe geschaltet, da bei direkt beheizten Lampen die Heizdrähte gleichzeitig die Elektroden bilden. Dieser Kondensator, der Teil eines im Lastkreis des Wechselspannungsgenerators liegenden Reihenresonanzkreises ist, hat zwei Funktionen. Die erste Funktion besteht darin, Heizstrom durch die Heizdrähte in einer Vorwärmphase vor dem Zünden der Lampe zu leiten, während der Wechselspannungsgenerator mit einer so hohen Frequenz betrieben wird, daß ein Zünden der Lampe noch ausge schlossen ist. Die zweite Funktion des Kondensators besteht darin, daß an ihm während der Zündphase eine das Zünden bewirkende Resonanz-Spannungsüberhöhung entsteht, wobei der Wechselspannungsgenerator während dieser Zündphase mit einer Frequenz betrieben wird, die etwa der Resonanzfrequenz des Resonanzkreises entspricht. Nach dem Zünden ist der Betrieb der Lampe, wie oben ausgeführt wurde, weitgehend unabhängig von dem weiterhin durch den Kondensator fließenden Heizstrom. Dieser Heizstrom bedingt daher eine unerwünschte Verlustleistung in den Heizdrähten. Er wirkt sich auch insofern nachteilig aus, als er trotz geregelter Leistungsaufnahme bei Entladungslampen mit unterschiedlicher Gasfüllung wegen der verschiedenen Betriebsfrequenzen zur Folge hat, daß die durch ihn bedingte Verlustleistung in den Heizdrähten und damit auch die Lichtausbeute der Entladungslampen unterschiedlich ist. Bei Argonlampen, die mit einer höheren Betriebsfrequenz arbeiten, ist die durch den Kondensator bedingte Verlustleistung in den Heizdrähten trotz geregelter Leistungaufnahme des Vorschaltgerätes höher als bei Kryptonlampen.The capacitor arranged between the heating wires and connected in series with you is connected in parallel to the electrodes of the lamp, since in the case of directly heated lamps the heating wires simultaneously form the electrodes. This capacitor, which is part of a series resonant circuit located in the load circuit of the AC voltage generator, has two functions. The first function is to conduct heating current through the heating wires in a preheating phase before the lamp is ignited, while the AC voltage generator is operated at such a high frequency that the lamp is still ignited is closed. The second function of the capacitor is that a resonance voltage surge which causes the ignition occurs on it during the ignition phase, the AC voltage generator being operated during this ignition phase at a frequency which corresponds approximately to the resonance frequency of the resonance circuit. After ignition, the operation of the lamp, as stated above, is largely independent of the heating current that continues to flow through the capacitor. This heating current therefore causes an undesirable power loss in the heating wires. It also has a disadvantage in that, despite the regulated power consumption in the case of discharge lamps with different gas fillings, because of the different operating frequencies, the result is that the power loss caused by him in the heating wires and thus the luminous efficiency of the discharge lamps is different. In the case of argon lamps which operate at a higher operating frequency, the power loss in the heating wires caused by the capacitor is higher than in the case of krypton lamps, despite the regulated power consumption of the ballast.
Nun ist nach der eingangs diskutierten DE-OS 32 08 607 der Anmelderin der grundsätzliche Vorschlag bekannt, nach dem Zünden der Lampe durch Erhöhung der steuerbaren Impedanz den durch den Kondensator und die Heizdrähte fließenden Heizstrom und damit die entsprechende Verlustleistung zu erniedrigen, mit der Folge, daß der Gesamtwirkungsgrad entsprechend erhöht wird. Mit einer entsprechenden Erniedrigung der Verlustleistung reduziert sich auch das Problem der unterschiedlichen Lichtausbeute bei Entladungslampen mit verschiedener Gasfüllung.Now, according to the applicant's DE-OS 32 08 607 discussed at the outset, the basic proposal is known to reduce the heating current flowing through the capacitor and the heating wires and thus the corresponding power loss by igniting the lamp by increasing the controllable impedance, with the result that that the overall efficiency is increased accordingly. With a corresponding reduction in the power loss, the problem of the different luminous efficacy in the case of discharge lamps with different gas fillings is also reduced.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen alternativen Vorschlag zur Ausbildung der steuerbaren Impedanz sowie eine konkrete Ausgestaltung des Steuerschaltungs teiles dafür zu machen.The invention has for its object an alternative proposal for the formation of the controllable impedance and a specific configuration of the control circuit to do part of it.
Die Aufgabe ist erfindungsgemäß durch die im Kennzeichen des Ansprüches 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst.The object is achieved by the features specified in the characterizing part of claim 1.
Vor dem Zünden der Lampe fließt durch die beiden Primärwicklungen des Übertragers der gleiche Strom, und zwar nur der Heiztstrom. Da die beiden Primärwicklungen gegensinnig sind, wird in der Sekundärwicklung kein Strom induziert. Nach dem Zünden der Lampe fließt durch die zwischen den Heizdrähten angeordnete Primärwicklung nur der Heizstrom, während in der anderen Primärwicklung Heiz- und Lampenstrom fließen. Letzteres hat zur Folge, daß in der Sekundärwicklung des Übertragers ein Strom induziert wird, welcher das Umschaltsignal für den Schalter liefert, derart, daß dieser öffnet und den Heizstromweg damit unterbricht.Before the lamp is ignited, the same current flows through the two primary windings of the transformer, and only the heating current. Since the two primary windings are in opposite directions, no current is induced in the secondary winding. After the lamp has been ignited, only the heating current flows through the primary winding arranged between the heating wires, while heating and lamp current flow in the other primary winding. The latter has the result that a current is induced in the secondary winding of the transformer, which supplies the switchover signal for the switch in such a way that it opens and thus interrupts the heating current path.
Anspruch 2 betrifft eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung. Der weitere Kondensator hat die Aufgabe, eine eventuell notwendige Spannungsüberhöhung im Betrieb zum Aufrechterhalten der Entladung in der Lampe zu ermöglichen.Claim 2 relates to an advantageous embodiment of the invention. The further capacitor has the task of making it possible to increase the voltage during operation in order to maintain the discharge in the lamp.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnung beschrieben.An embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to the drawing.
Die Zeichung zeigt ein Vorschaltgerät für eine Entladungslampe 6. Das Vorschaltgerät enthält einen an das Wechselstromnetz angeschlossenen Gleichrichter 1, dem ein Wechselrichter 2 mit steuerbarer Frequenz nachgeschaltet ist. Die Frequenz des Wechselrichters 2 wird nach einem nachfolgend noch erläuterten Zeitprogramm gesteuert. Der entsprechende Steuerteil, der nicht Gegenstand der Erfindung ist, ist der Einfachheit halber weggelassen. Daneben kann die Frequenz des Wechselrichters 2 noch durch einen Leistungsregler 18 verändert werden, der seine Versorgungsgleichspannung über eine Leitung 18 vom Gleichrichter 1 erhält. Dem Leistungsregler 18 wird ferner von einem Spannungsteiler 16,17 ein Gleichspannungs-Istwertsignal zugeführt. Der Spannungsteiler 16, 17 ist an den Gleichspannungsausgang des Gleichrichters 1 angeschaltet. Der Spannungsabfall an einem im Stromweg zwischen dem Gleichrichter 1 und dem Wechselrichter 2 liegenden Widerstand 15 wird dem Leistungsregler 18 als Gleichstrom-Istwert zugeführt. Der Leistungregler 18 multipliziert den Gleichspannungs-Istwert und den Gleichspannungs-Sollwert. Das daraus gebildete Produkt vergleicht er mit einem internen Sollwert. Bei einer Regelabweichung wird die Frequenz des Wechselrichters 2 verändert. Auf diese Weise wird gewährleistet, daß dem Wechselstromnetz stets die gleiche Leistung entnommen wird, unabhängig vom Alterungszustand der Entladungslampe 6 und ebenfalls unabhängig davon, mit welchem Gas (beispielsweise Argon oder Krypton) sie gefüllt ist. Den Ausgang des Wechselrichters 2 bildet eine Serienschaltung aus einer Drossel 3, einem Kondensator, einer ersten Primärwicklung 10 eines Übertragers 9, dem einen Heizdraht 7 der Entladungslampe 6, einer zweiten Primärwicklung 11 des Übertragers 9, einem Kondensator 5, einem elektronischen Schalter 14 und dem zweiten Heizdraht 8 der Entladungslampe 6. Die Serienschaltung aus dem Kondensator und dem Schalter 14 ist durch einen weiteren Kondensator 13 überbrückt. Der in der Sekundärwicklung 12 des Übertragers 9 induzierte Strom dient als Umschaltsignal für den Schalter 14, wobei letzterer geöffnet wird, wenn in der Sekundärwicklung 12 ein Strom induziert wird.The drawing shows a ballast for a discharge lamp 6. The ballast contains a rectifier 1 connected to the AC network, which is followed by an inverter 2 with a controllable frequency. The frequency of the inverter 2 is controlled according to a time program which will be explained below. The corresponding control part, which is not the subject of the invention, has been omitted for the sake of simplicity. In addition, the frequency of the inverter 2 can also be changed by a
Die Drossel 3 dient zur Begrenzung des Lampenstroms nach dem Zünden der Lampe sowie zur Bildung eines Reihenresonanzkreises mit den Kondensatoren 4,5 und 13. Der Kondensator 4 dient zur Gleichstromentkopplung von Wechselrichter 2 und Lampe 6. Er ist sehr viel größer als der Kondensator 5. Der Kondensator 13 ist sehr viel kleiner als der Kondensator 5. Dadurch wird bei geschlossenem Schalter 14 der Reihenresonanzkreis im wesentlichen durch die Drossel 3 und die Kapazität des Kondensators 5 bestimmt.The
Um die Lampe 6 in Betrieb zu nehmen, erzeugt der Wechselrichter 2 gemäß dem vorstehend erwähnten Zeitprogramm zunächst eine Wechselspannung, deren Freqeunz soweit über der im wesentlichen durch die Drossel 3 und den Kondensator 5 bestimmten Reihenresonanzfrequenz liegt, daß an dem Kondensator 5 keine Resonanz-Spannungsüberhöhung auftritt, die ein Zünden der Lampe 6 bewirken könnte. In diesem Zusammenhang sei darauf hingewiesen, daß der Kondensator 5 bei geschlossenem Schalter 14 praktisch parallel zu den von den beiden Heizdrähten 7,8 gebildeten Elektroden der direkt beheizten Entladungslampe 6 liegt. Während dieser Vorwärmphase fließt Heizstrom durch die im Lastkreis des Wechselrichters 2 liegende oben beschriebene Serienschaltung, wobei der Schalter 14 geschlossen ist. Da dieser Heizstrom in den beiden Primärwicklungen 10,11 des Übertragers 9 gleich ist, hebt sich die Wirkung der induzierten Ströme in der Sekundärwicklung 12 des Übertragers 9 auf, mit der Folge, daß dem Schalter 14 kein Umschaltsignal zugeführt wird und er geschlossen bleibt. In dieser Vorwärmphase werden die Heizdrähte 7,8 der Lampe 6 vorgewärmt, wodurch deren Lebensdauer erhöht wird.In order to put the lamp 6 into operation, the inverter 2 first generates an AC voltage according to the time program mentioned above, the frequency of which is so far above the series resonance frequency essentially determined by the
Nachdem die Vorwärmphase beendet ist, wird die Frequenz des Wechselrichters 2 in Richtung auf die vorstehend erwähnte Reihenresonanzfrequenz abgesenkt, mit der Folge, daß an dem Kondensator 5 (und selbstverständlich auch an dem diesem parallel geschalteten Kondensator 13 geringerer Kapazität) eine Resonanzspannungs-Überhöhung auftritt, die zum Zünden der Lampe 6 führt. Wenn die Lampe gezündet hat, fließt durch die Primärwicklung 10 des Übertragers 9 ein aus Heizstrom und Lampenstrom gebildeter Summenstrom. Durch die Primärwicklung 11 des Übertragers 9 fließt dagegen nur der Lampenstrom. Dies hat zur Folge, daß die beiden Primärwicklungen 10,11 in der Sekundärwicklung 12 zwar gegensinnige aber unterschiedliche Ströme induzieren, wodurch ein Umschaltsignal für den Schalter 14 erzeugt wird. Letzterer wird durch dieses Umschaltsignal geöffnet.After the preheating phase has ended, the frequency of the inverter 2 is lowered in the direction of the series resonance frequency mentioned above, with which As a result, a resonance voltage surge occurs on the capacitor 5 (and of course also on the
Durch das Öffnen des Schalters 14 nach dem Zünden der Lampe 6 wird der durch den Kondensator 5 fließende Heizstrom unterbrochen. Es kann nur noch ein Heizstrom über den Kondensator 13 fließen, der jedoch wesentlich geringer ist als der vorher durch den Kondensator 5 fließende Heizstrom, weil die Kapazität des Kondensators 13, wie erwähnt, wesentlich geringer als die Kapazität des Kondensators 5 ist. Der Kondensator 13 ist vorgesehen, um eine evtl . notwendige Resonanz-Spannungsüberhöhung im Betrieb der Lampe zum Aufrechterhalten der Entladung zu ermöglichen. Der Kondensator 13 ist nicht unbedingt notwendig, sondern kann ggf. auch weggelassen werden.By opening the switch 14 after the lamp 6 has been ignited, the heating current flowing through the
Dadurch, daß der durch den Kondensator 5 fließende Heizstrom nach dem Zünden der Lampe 6 entfällt, wird eine entsprechende Verlustleistung, die dieser Heizstrom in den Heizdrähten 7,8 bewirken würde, vermieden. Im Hinblick darauf, daß Entladungslampen mit unterschiedlichen Gasen, z.B. Argon- und Kryptonlampen bei gleicher Leistungsaufnahme nach dem Zünden mit unterschiedlichen Frequenzen betrieben werden müssen, wird durch das Öffnen des Schalters 14 eine unterschiedliche Lichtausbeute praktisch vermieden, die andernfalls dadurch bedingt wäre, daß infolge der unterschiedlichen Betriebsfrequenzen unterschiedliche Heizströme durch den Kondensator 5 und die Heizdrähte 7,8 fließen würden, die ihrerseits zu unterschiedlichen Verlustleistungen führen würden.Because the heating current flowing through the
Claims (3)
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die steuerbare Impedanz ein Schalter (14) ist, und daß der Steuerschaltungsteil ein Übertrager (9) mit zwei gegensinnig gewickelten Primärwicklungen (10,11) gleicher Windungszahl und einer Sekundärwicklung (12) ist, wobei die beiden Primärwicklungen (10,11) in Serie mit den beiden Heizdrähten (7,8) der Lampe (6) geschaltet, jedoch nur eine von ihnen zwischen den Heizdrähten (7,8) angeordnet ist, und wobei die Sekundärwicklung (12) das Umschaltsignal für den Schalter liefert.1. Ballast for a directly heated discharge lamp, with an AC voltage controllable frequency, in the load circuit of which a series circuit consists of at least one choke, the heating wires of the lamp, a capacitor arranged between the heating wires and a controllable impedance also arranged between the heating wires, the choke and the capacitor is part of a series resonance circuit, and the impedance being controllable by a control circuit part as a function of the operating state of the lamp,
characterized,
that the controllable impedance is a switch (14) and that the control circuit part is a transformer (9) with two oppositely wound primary windings (10, 11) of the same number of turns and a secondary winding (12), the two primary windings (10, 11) in Series with the two heating wires (7,8) of the lamp (6) switched, but only one of them is arranged between the heating wires (7,8), and wherein the secondary winding (12) provides the switching signal for the switch.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT90106385T ATE98837T1 (en) | 1989-04-03 | 1990-04-03 | BALLAST FOR A DIRECTLY HEATED DISCHARGE LAMP. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3910738A DE3910738A1 (en) | 1989-04-03 | 1989-04-03 | CONTROL UNIT FOR A DIRECTLY HEATED DISCHARGE LAMP |
| DE3910738 | 1989-04-03 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0391360A1 true EP0391360A1 (en) | 1990-10-10 |
| EP0391360B1 EP0391360B1 (en) | 1993-12-15 |
Family
ID=6377733
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP90106385A Expired - Lifetime EP0391360B1 (en) | 1989-04-03 | 1990-04-03 | Ballast for a direct heated discharge lamp |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0391360B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE98837T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3910738A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI96160C (en) |
| NO (1) | NO176640C (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0490330A1 (en) * | 1990-12-07 | 1992-06-17 | Tridonic Bauelemente GmbH | Control circuit for gasdischarge lamps |
| GB2267002A (en) * | 1992-04-28 | 1993-11-17 | Chin Tsan Wang | Fluorescent lamp starting and operating circuit |
| WO1995010168A1 (en) * | 1993-10-01 | 1995-04-13 | C.M. Personnel Participation B.V. | Electronic ballast for gas discharge lamps |
| WO2000059272A1 (en) * | 1999-03-31 | 2000-10-05 | Teknoware Oy | Control gear for fluorescent lamp |
| WO2003024162A1 (en) * | 2001-09-04 | 2003-03-20 | Neosave Gmbh | Method and device for operating a fluorescent tube in an energy saving manner |
| WO2006114176A1 (en) * | 2005-04-22 | 2006-11-02 | Tridonicatco Gmbh & Co.Kg | Adjustable digital illuminating means output control |
| WO2006122526A1 (en) * | 2005-05-17 | 2006-11-23 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH | Circuit arrangement for operation of a discharge lamp with a switchable tuned capacitor |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH10505458A (en) * | 1995-06-29 | 1998-05-26 | フィリップス エレクトロニクス ネムローゼ フェンノートシャップ | Circuit device |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2039428A (en) * | 1978-12-06 | 1980-08-06 | Moriyama Sangyo Kk | Fluorescent lighting device |
| DE3208607A1 (en) * | 1981-03-12 | 1982-12-16 | Zumtobel AG, 6850 Dornbirn | Ballast apparatus for at least one load which is triggered and supplied periodically by means of a generator |
| US4603281A (en) * | 1983-12-12 | 1986-07-29 | Nilssen Ole K | Electronic fluorescent lamp starter |
| AT383000B (en) * | 1983-06-23 | 1987-05-11 | Zumtobel Ag | CIRCUIT TO OPERATE AT LEAST ONE GAS DISCHARGE LAMP WITH HIGH FREQUENCY VOLTAGE |
-
1989
- 1989-04-03 DE DE3910738A patent/DE3910738A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1990
- 1990-04-02 NO NO901496A patent/NO176640C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-04-03 FI FI901687A patent/FI96160C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-04-03 EP EP90106385A patent/EP0391360B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-03 DE DE90106385T patent/DE59003830D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-04-03 AT AT90106385T patent/ATE98837T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2039428A (en) * | 1978-12-06 | 1980-08-06 | Moriyama Sangyo Kk | Fluorescent lighting device |
| DE3208607A1 (en) * | 1981-03-12 | 1982-12-16 | Zumtobel AG, 6850 Dornbirn | Ballast apparatus for at least one load which is triggered and supplied periodically by means of a generator |
| AT383000B (en) * | 1983-06-23 | 1987-05-11 | Zumtobel Ag | CIRCUIT TO OPERATE AT LEAST ONE GAS DISCHARGE LAMP WITH HIGH FREQUENCY VOLTAGE |
| US4603281A (en) * | 1983-12-12 | 1986-07-29 | Nilssen Ole K | Electronic fluorescent lamp starter |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0490330A1 (en) * | 1990-12-07 | 1992-06-17 | Tridonic Bauelemente GmbH | Control circuit for gasdischarge lamps |
| GB2267002A (en) * | 1992-04-28 | 1993-11-17 | Chin Tsan Wang | Fluorescent lamp starting and operating circuit |
| WO1995010168A1 (en) * | 1993-10-01 | 1995-04-13 | C.M. Personnel Participation B.V. | Electronic ballast for gas discharge lamps |
| NL9301694A (en) * | 1993-10-01 | 1995-05-01 | Cm Personnel Participation Bv | Electronic ballast for gas discharge tubes. |
| WO2000059272A1 (en) * | 1999-03-31 | 2000-10-05 | Teknoware Oy | Control gear for fluorescent lamp |
| US6426598B1 (en) | 1999-03-31 | 2002-07-30 | Teknoware Oy | Control gear for fluorescent lamp |
| WO2003024162A1 (en) * | 2001-09-04 | 2003-03-20 | Neosave Gmbh | Method and device for operating a fluorescent tube in an energy saving manner |
| WO2006114176A1 (en) * | 2005-04-22 | 2006-11-02 | Tridonicatco Gmbh & Co.Kg | Adjustable digital illuminating means output control |
| AU2006239628B2 (en) * | 2005-04-22 | 2011-09-15 | Tridonicatco Gmbh & Co.Kg | Adjustable digital illuminating means output control |
| WO2006122526A1 (en) * | 2005-05-17 | 2006-11-23 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH | Circuit arrangement for operation of a discharge lamp with a switchable tuned capacitor |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE59003830D1 (en) | 1994-01-27 |
| NO901496D0 (en) | 1990-04-02 |
| FI901687A0 (en) | 1990-04-03 |
| EP0391360B1 (en) | 1993-12-15 |
| NO176640B (en) | 1995-01-23 |
| NO901496L (en) | 1990-10-04 |
| DE3910738A1 (en) | 1990-10-04 |
| NO176640C (en) | 1995-05-03 |
| FI96160C (en) | 1996-05-10 |
| ATE98837T1 (en) | 1994-01-15 |
| FI96160B (en) | 1996-01-31 |
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