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EP0348403A1 - Magnetic deflector system for charged particles. - Google Patents

Magnetic deflector system for charged particles.

Info

Publication number
EP0348403A1
EP0348403A1 EP88901560A EP88901560A EP0348403A1 EP 0348403 A1 EP0348403 A1 EP 0348403A1 EP 88901560 A EP88901560 A EP 88901560A EP 88901560 A EP88901560 A EP 88901560A EP 0348403 A1 EP0348403 A1 EP 0348403A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coils
magnetic
deflection
winding
path
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88901560A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0348403B1 (en
Inventor
Berthold Krevet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH
Original Assignee
Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH filed Critical Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH
Publication of EP0348403A1 publication Critical patent/EP0348403A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0348403B1 publication Critical patent/EP0348403B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
    • H05H7/04—Magnet systems, e.g. undulators, wigglers; Energisation thereof
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
    • G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
    • G21K1/08—Deviation, concentration or focusing of the beam by electric or magnetic means
    • G21K1/093—Deviation, concentration or focusing of the beam by electric or magnetic means by magnetic means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/20—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets without armatures

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a magnetic deflection system for charged particles according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the deflection radius r o is a function of the particle momentum and the magnetic field . It applies
  • the magnetic field must be as large as possible to generate small deflection radii ro.
  • a technically feasible limit is 1.8 T. Higher fields can be reached with superconducting coils.
  • bracket elements are known from DE-PS 35 11 282. It describes a superconducting magnet system for particle accelerators of a synchrotron radiation source, in which the winding surfaces of the coils are arranged parallel to the nominal path plane and the windings cross the particle path.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a magnet concept for the magnetic deflection system mentioned at the outset, which can be implemented while reducing the design effort and which simplifies the use of superconducting coils by means of simple production technology.
  • the advantages achieved by the coil arrangement according to the invention are essentially to be seen in the fact that the coils can be manufactured according to the pretensioning principle, in that the conductor is wound with tensile stress in conventional technology and the winding packages at the magnet ends are not guided over the particle path.
  • a sufficiently large gap is available for leading out the synchrotron radiation without having to do without clips, if these should not be superfluous anyway due to the winding technology.
  • 1 is a 3-dimensional representation of a magnet system consisting of 4 coils
  • Fig. 2 shows a section in the (x, y) plane of Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 is a winding package consisting of a double pancake.
  • the magnetic deflection system consists of 4 coils 1, 2, 3, 4, the spatial arrangement of which can be seen from the (x, y, z) coordinate system shown.
  • the nominal path plane SE lies in the (x, z) plane, in which the deflection path between the coils and parallel to them passes through the coordinate jump.
  • the winding surfaces with the curvature r ⁇ ro adapted to the nominal path are aligned perpendicular to the nominal path plane SE.
  • Fig. 2 shows a section through the coil system in the (x, y) plane.
  • the area Ao spanned by the magnetic guide field and the deflection radius ro is shown schematically, which perpendicularly intersects the nominal path plane SE lying in the (x, z) plane.
  • the coils 1, 2, 3, 4 are arranged on both sides of the area Ao so that they do not intersect the area Ao.
  • the winding surfaces of the coils 1, 2, 3, 4 can, as shown here, be aligned parallel or inclined to the surface Ao.
  • Fig. 3 shows a winding of the deflection system, which consists of a double pancake. It is a winding technique that is preferably used in the manufacture of superconducting windings.
  • the winding disc 5 with the smaller radius of curvature r1 ⁇ r0 is produced first and supports the second winding disc 6 with the radius of curvature T2> r1 during winding.
  • the conductor can always be wound under tension. If required, several double pancakes can be connected in series to form a winding package.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)

Abstract

Système de déflexion magnétique (1-4) pour particules chargées, comportant un agencement de bobines pour générer un champ de guidage magnétique, ledit champ se situant verticalement sur le plan de la trajectoire théorique (SE) et guidant les particules sur une trajectoire de déflexion selon le rayon de déflexion ro. Les bobines produisant le champ de guidage magnétique sont agencées de telle manière que les enroulements ne croisent pas la trajectoire des particules.Magnetic deflection system (1-4) for charged particles, comprising an arrangement of coils for generating a magnetic guiding field, said field lying vertically on the plane of the theoretical trajectory (SE) and guiding the particles on a deflection trajectory according to the deflection radius ro. The coils producing the magnetic guiding field are arranged in such a way that the windings do not cross the path of the particles.

Description

Magnetisches Ablenksystem für geladene Teilchen Magnetic deflection system for charged particles
Die Erfindung betrifft ein magnetisches Ablenksystem für geladene Teilchen nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a magnetic deflection system for charged particles according to the preamble of claim 1.
Für die Führung von Teilchenstrahlen auf Kreisbahnen, insbesondere in einem Synchrotron oder Massenspektrometer, sind hohe Magnetfeldstärken nötig, die mit speziell geformten Biegemagneten erzeugt werden.For guiding particle beams on circular paths, especially in a synchrotron or mass spectrometer, high magnetic field strengths are required, which are generated with specially shaped bending magnets.
Der Ablenkradius ro ist eine Funktion des Teilchenimpulses und des Magnetfeldes . Es giltThe deflection radius r o is a function of the particle momentum and the magnetic field . It applies
wobei q die Ladung des Teilchens ist,where q is the charge of the particle,
Bei vorgegebenem Teilchenimpuls muß zum Erzeugen kleiner Ablenkradien ro das Magnetfeld möglichst groß sein. Bei Eisenmagneten liegt aber eine technisch realisierbare Grenze bei 1,8 T. Höhere Felder sind mit supraleitenden Spulen erreichbar.For a given particle pulse, the magnetic field must be as large as possible to generate small deflection radii ro. With iron magnets, however, a technically feasible limit is 1.8 T. Higher fields can be reached with superconducting coils.
Einzelheiten des Aufbaus und der Arbeitsweise derartiger Ablenksysteme sind z.B. der Veröffentlichung KfK 3976, September 1985, ISSN 0303-4003, mit dem Titel "Entwurf einer Synchrotronstrahlungsquelle mit supraleitenden Ablenkmagneten für die Mikrofertigung nach dem LIGA-Verfahren" zu entnehmen. Darin sind Spulenkonzepte für supraleitende Ablenkmagnete beschrieben, bei denen das senkrecht auf der Sollbahnebene stehende magnetische Führungsfeld mit Spulen erzeugt wird, deren Windungsflächen parallel zur Sollbahnebene angordnet sind. Die Windungsflächen weisen zwei lange, parallel zur Teilchenbahn verlaufende und zwei kurze, die Teilchenbahn überquerende Seiten auf. Das erforderliche Magnetfeld wird von elektrischen Strömen erzeugt, die parallel zur Teilchenbahn verlaufen. Die die Teilchenbahn überquerenden Ströme bewirken eine Feldüberhöhung und eine Feldverzerrung, die eine starke Bahnstörung verursachen. Dieser Effekt ist umso größer, je näher die Wickelpakete an die Teilchenbahn herangeführt werden. Diese Bahnstörungen werden reduziert, indem die die Teilchenbahn überquerenden Wicklungsbereiche von der Sollbahnebene weggeführt werden. Dabei ergeben sich komplizierte Spulengeometrien mit beträchtlichen Fertigungsproblemen, insbesondere bei Verwendung von Supraleitern. Supraleitende Spulen werden nach dem Vorspannungsprinzip hergestellt, um eine Leiterbewegung zu verhindern, die als eine der einen Quench auslösenden Ursachen gilt. Bei den hier betrachteten Spulen nach dem Stande der Technik durchläuft ein die Windungsfläche umschließender Leiter einen äußeren Radius > ro und einen inneren Radius < ro, wobei ro den Ablenkradius darstellt. Im Bereich des inneren Radius kann beim Wickeln der Spule keine Vorspannung aufgebracht werden. Demzufolge muß die Vorspannung durch eine Umklammerung des Spulensystems erfolgen. Bei einem Synchrotron wird aber eine Anordnung gefordert, bei der das erzeugte Synchrotronlicht in der Ebene der Umlaufbahn der Teilchen tangential aus dem Magnetsystem austreten kann. Demzufolgen dürfen nur Klammern eingesetzt werden, die das Spulensystem nicht vollständig umschließen.Details of the structure and the mode of operation of such deflection systems can be found, for example, in the publication KfK 3976, September 1985, ISSN 0303-4003, entitled "Design of a synchrotron radiation source with superconducting deflection magnets for microfabrication according to the LIGA process". Coil concepts for superconducting deflection magnets are described therein, in which the magnetic guide field perpendicular to the nominal path plane is generated with coils, the winding surfaces of which are arranged parallel to the nominal path plane. The winding surfaces have two long sides running parallel to the particle path and two short sides crossing the particle path. The required magnetic field is generated by electrical currents that run parallel to the particle path. The currents crossing the particle path cause a field increase and a field distortion, which cause a strong path disturbance. This effect is greater the closer the winding packets are brought to the particle path. These path disturbances are reduced by leading the winding regions crossing the particle path away from the target path plane. This results in complicated coil geometries with considerable manufacturing problems, especially when using superconductors. Superconducting coils are manufactured according to the bias principle to prevent a conductor movement, which is one of the causes of a quench. In the prior art coils considered here, a conductor enclosing the winding surface runs through an outer radius> ro and an inner radius <ro, where ro represents the deflection radius. No pre-tension can be applied in the area of the inner radius when winding the coil. As a result, the pretension must be achieved by gripping the coil system. In the case of a synchrotron, however, an arrangement is required in which the synchrotron light generated can emerge tangentially from the magnet system in the plane of the orbit of the particles. As a result, only clips that do not completely enclose the coil system may be used.
Solche Klammerelernente sind aus der DE-PS 35 11 282 bekannt. Darin wird ein supraleitendes Magnetsystem für Teilchenbeschleuniger einer Synchrotron-Strahlungsquelle beschrieben, bei dem die Windungsflächen der Spulen parallel zur Sollbahnebene angeordnet sind und die Windungen die Teilchenbahn überqueren.Such bracket elements are known from DE-PS 35 11 282. It describes a superconducting magnet system for particle accelerators of a synchrotron radiation source, in which the winding surfaces of the coils are arranged parallel to the nominal path plane and the windings cross the particle path.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Magnetkonzept für das eingangs genannte magnetische Ablenksystem anzugeben, das unter Reduzierung des konstruktiven Aufwandes realisiert werden kann und durch eine einfache Fertigungstechnik den Einsatz supraleitender Spulen erleichtert.The invention is based on the object of specifying a magnet concept for the magnetic deflection system mentioned at the outset, which can be implemented while reducing the design effort and which simplifies the use of superconducting coils by means of simple production technology.
Die Aufgabe wird mittels der im kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruches 1 aufgeführte Merkmale gelöst.The object is achieved by means of the features listed in the characterizing part of claim 1.
Die übrigen Ansprüche geben vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen magnetischen Ablenksystems an.The remaining claims indicate advantageous developments and embodiments of the magnetic deflection system according to the invention.
Die durch die erfindungsgemäße Spulenanordnung erreichten Vorteile sind im wesentlichen darin zu sehen, daß die Spulen nach dem Vorspannungsprinzip gefertigt werden können, indem der Leiter in herkömmlicher Technik mit Zugspannung gewickelt wird und die Wickelpakete an den Magnetenden nicht über die Teilchenbahn geführt werden. Außerdem steht zum Herausführen der Synchrotronstrahlung ein ausreichend großer Spalt zur Verfügung, ohne auf Klammern verzichten zu müssen, wenn diese nicht ohnehin aufgrund der Wickeltechnik überflüssig sein sollten.The advantages achieved by the coil arrangement according to the invention are essentially to be seen in the fact that the coils can be manufactured according to the pretensioning principle, in that the conductor is wound with tensile stress in conventional technology and the winding packages at the magnet ends are not guided over the particle path. In addition, a sufficiently large gap is available for leading out the synchrotron radiation without having to do without clips, if these should not be superfluous anyway due to the winding technology.
Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels mittels der Fig. 1 bis 3 beschrieben. Dabei zeigtThe invention is described below with reference to an embodiment using FIGS. 1 to 3. It shows
Fig. 1 eine 3-dimensionale Darstellung eines aus 4 Spulen bestehenden Magnetsystems,1 is a 3-dimensional representation of a magnet system consisting of 4 coils,
Fig. 2 einen Schnitt in der (x,y)-Ebene aus Fig. 1 und Fig. 3 ein Wickelpaket, das aus einem Doppelpancake besteht.Fig. 2 shows a section in the (x, y) plane of Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 is a winding package consisting of a double pancake.
Gemäß Fig. 1 besteht das magnetische Ablenksystem aus 4 Spulen 1, 2, 3, 4, deren räumliche Anordnung anhand des eingezeichneten (x,y,z)-Koordinatensystems erkennbar ist. Die Sollbahnebene SE liegt in der (x,z)-Ebene, in der die Ablenkbahn zwischen den Spulen und parallel zu diesen den Koordinatensprung durchläuft. Die Windungsflächen mit der der Sollbahn angepaßten Krümmung r⇋ ro sind senkrecht zur Sollbahnebene SE ausgerichtet.1, the magnetic deflection system consists of 4 coils 1, 2, 3, 4, the spatial arrangement of which can be seen from the (x, y, z) coordinate system shown. The nominal path plane SE lies in the (x, z) plane, in which the deflection path between the coils and parallel to them passes through the coordinate jump. The winding surfaces with the curvature r⇋ ro adapted to the nominal path are aligned perpendicular to the nominal path plane SE.
Fig. 2 zeigt einen Schnitt durch das Spulensystem in der (x,y)-Ebene. Schematisch ist die vom magnetischen Führungsfeld und dem Ablenkradius ro aufgespannte Fläche Ao gezeigt, die senkrecht die in der (x,z)-Ebene liegende Sollbahnebene SE schneidet. Beidseitig der Fläche Ao sind die Spulen 1, 2, 3, 4 so angeordnet, daß sie die Fläche Ao nicht schneiden. Die Windungsflächen der Spulen 1, 2, 3, 4 können, wie hier dargestellt, parallel oder auch geneigt zur Fläche Ao ausgerichtet sein.Fig. 2 shows a section through the coil system in the (x, y) plane. The area Ao spanned by the magnetic guide field and the deflection radius ro is shown schematically, which perpendicularly intersects the nominal path plane SE lying in the (x, z) plane. The coils 1, 2, 3, 4 are arranged on both sides of the area Ao so that they do not intersect the area Ao. The winding surfaces of the coils 1, 2, 3, 4 can, as shown here, be aligned parallel or inclined to the surface Ao.
Fig. 3 zeigt eine Wicklung des Ablenksystems, die aus einem Doppelpancake besteht. Es handelt sich um eine Wickeltechnik, die vorzugsweise bei der Herstellung supraleitender Wicklungen angewandt wird. Die Wickelscheibe 5 mit dem kleineren Krümmungsradius r1 ≷ r0 wird zuerst hergestellt und sützt beim Wickeln die zweite Wickelscheibe 6 mit dem Krümmungsradius T2 > r1. Dabei kann der Leiter immer unter Zug gewickelt werden. Nach Bedarf können mehrere Doppelpancakes zu einem Wickelpaket in Reihe geschaltet werden. Die immer am größten Wickeldurchmesser befindlichen Leitungsenden 7, 8, erleichtern die Verbindungen zwischen den Doppelpancakes. Bei dieser Spulenform kann der Leiter auch in jeder anderen Wickeltechnik unter Zug verarbeitet werden. Fig. 3 shows a winding of the deflection system, which consists of a double pancake. It is a winding technique that is preferably used in the manufacture of superconducting windings. The winding disc 5 with the smaller radius of curvature r1 ≷ r0 is produced first and supports the second winding disc 6 with the radius of curvature T2> r1 during winding. The conductor can always be wound under tension. If required, several double pancakes can be connected in series to form a winding package. The line ends 7, 8, which are always at the largest winding diameter, facilitate the connections between the double pancakes. With this coil shape, the conductor can also be processed in any other winding technique under tension.

Claims

Patentansprüche: Claims:
1. Magnetisches Ablenksystem für geladene Teilchen mit einer Spulenanordnung zum Erzeugen eines senkrecht auf der Sollbahnebene stehenden magnetischen Führungsfeldes, mit dem die Teilchen auf einer Ablenkbahn mit dem Ablenkradius ro geführt werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens jeweils zwei Spulen übereinander beidseitig einer von der Richtung des magnetischen Führungsfeldes und dem Ablenkradius ro aufgespannten Fläche Ao derart angeordnet sind, daß ihre Windungsflächen die Fläche Ao nicht schneiden.1. Magnetic deflection system for charged particles with a coil arrangement for generating a magnetic guide field which is perpendicular to the desired path plane, with which the particles are guided on a deflection path with the deflection radius ro, characterized in that at least two coils one above the other on both sides of the direction of the magnetic guide field and the deflection radius ro spanned surface Ao are arranged such that their winding surfaces do not intersect the surface Ao.
2. Magnetisches Ablenksystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Windungsflächen der Spulen parallel zur Fläche Ao angeordnet sind.2. Magnetic deflection system according to claim 1, characterized in that the winding surfaces of the coils are arranged parallel to the surface Ao.
3. Magnetisches Ablenksystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Windungsflächen der Spulen gegenüber der Fläche Ao geneigt angeordnet sind.3. Magnetic deflection system according to claim 1, characterized in that the winding surfaces of the coils are arranged inclined to the surface Ao.
4. Magnetisches Ablenksystem nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Spulen supraleitend sind.4. Magnetic deflection system according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the coils are superconducting.
5. Magnetisches Ablenksystem nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens zwei der Spulen oberhalb und mindestens zwei unterhalb der Sollbahnebene SE angeordnet sind. 5. Magnetic deflection system according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least two of the coils are arranged above and at least two below the nominal path plane SE.
6. Magnetisches Ablenksystem nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Spulen aus mindestens einem Doppelpancake bestehen. 6. Magnetic deflection system according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the coils consist of at least one double pancake.
EP88901560A 1987-02-19 1988-02-18 Magnetic deflector system for charged particles Expired - Lifetime EP0348403B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19873705294 DE3705294A1 (en) 1987-02-19 1987-02-19 MAGNETIC DEFLECTION SYSTEM FOR CHARGED PARTICLES
DE3705294 1987-02-19

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0348403A1 true EP0348403A1 (en) 1990-01-03
EP0348403B1 EP0348403B1 (en) 1994-03-30

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EP88901560A Expired - Lifetime EP0348403B1 (en) 1987-02-19 1988-02-18 Magnetic deflector system for charged particles

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4902993A (en)
EP (1) EP0348403B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH02502684A (en)
DE (1) DE3705294A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1988006394A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3705294C2 (en) 1993-06-09
US4902993A (en) 1990-02-20
WO1988006394A1 (en) 1988-08-25
EP0348403B1 (en) 1994-03-30
JPH02502684A (en) 1990-08-23
DE3705294A1 (en) 1988-09-01

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