EP0224135A2 - Compact detergents - Google Patents

Abstract

The compacted detergents for use for mechanical dishwashing are in each case combinations of melting compositions with cleaning activity with tablets, or tablets with melting compositions of different solubilities in cold water. <??>Formulas: a) melting composition which is soluble in cold water for the preliminary rinsing: 30-80% by weight of sodium metasilicate nonahydrate, 10-50% by weight of sodium metasilicate pentahydrate, 10-58% by weight of anhydrous sodium metasilicate and, where appropriate, 2-10% by weight of electrolytes; where appropriate 1-5% by weight of low-foam non-ionic surfactants; b) tablet composition soluble in cold water: it contains alkali metal metasilicate nonahydrate and pentaalkali metal triphosphate with a content of water of crystallisation of 15-18% by weight in the ratio of 0.35:1 to 1:1 based on anhydrous substances; where appropriate 1-5% by weight of low-foam non-ionic surfactants; c) cleaning melting composition which dissolves as the water temperature rises: 5-45% by weight of anhydrous pentasodium triphosphate and 10-50% by weight of sodium metasilicates in the ratio of 1:1 to 1:1.7 by weight, 0.2-4% by weight of active chlorine compounds; d) tablet composition soluble in hot water contains alkali metal metasilicates and pentaalkali metal triphosphate in the ratio of 1:1 to 1:1.7 by weight, preferably employing anhydrous alkali metal metasilicate of particle size below 0.8 mm, or a mixture of anhydrous metasilicate and the nonahydrate in the ratio of a maximum of 1.2:1 by weight, and 0.5-2% by weight of compounds eliminating active chlorine.

Description

The invention relates to detergent compactates, in particular for the automatic cleaning of dishes, a method for producing the detergent compact and the use of these compactates in the automatic pre-washing and cleaning process of household dishwashers.

The priority German patent application P (D 7294) describes detergents in the form of a melting block, in particular for the machine cleaning of dishes, which are in the form of multilayer structures, the individual layers having a different dissolution rate in the mechanically predetermined time-temperature curve. As a result, one layer should dissolve in the cold water of the pre-rinse cycle, another only with increasing water temperature in the wash cycle.

German patent application P (D 7316), which is also of the same priority, describes multilayer detergent tablets for automatic dishwashing, the composition and application of which comply with the same principles as set out above.

It has been found that highly effective cleaning agent compactates, in particular for the mechanical cleaning of dishes, based on customary alkaline components, in particular from the group of alkali metal silicates and pentaalkalitriphosphates, and also conventional additives of the type of active chlorine compounds, surfactants and / or electrolytes are obtained, if you can easily melt or dissolve tablets with essentially cold water Lichen cold water-resistant tablets or melts combined, which are only soluble in the cleaning process when the water temperatures rise, whereby melt masses are combined with tablets and tablets with melt masses of different solubility.

The cold water-soluble enamel layer for the pre-rinse cycle consists of cold water-soluble alkali donors, in particular of differently hydrated alkali metal silicates, which cause swelling and wetting of dried-on food residues, which cannot be removed from the dishes by the water mechanics alone. This layer has a dissolving speed in flowing water of 15 to 40, preferably 28 to 38, grams per hour at 15 ° C.

The alkali metal silicates, preferably sodium metasilicates, of the melt layer provided for the pre-rinse cycle are used in the anhydrous and therefore most alkaline form and that of nonahydrate, the most easily water-soluble form. The mixture can also contain proportions of pentahydrate. The composition of the pre-rinse cleaning agent layer consists of 20 to 100, preferably 30 to 80% by weight sodium metasilicate nonahydrate, 0 to 60, preferably 10 to 50% by weight sodium metasilicate pentahydrate and 0 to 60, preferably 10 to 58% by weight to achieve higher alkalinity. anhydrous sodium metasilicate.

Electrolytes can also be added to the enamel layer provided for the pre-rinse cycle to further improve solubility, but also to optimize costs. Electrolytes are to be understood as alkali salts of inorganic or organic acids such as, for example, pentasodium triphosphate, sodium sulfate, sodium acetate and sodium citrate. Their share in the total weight of the detergent layer provided for the pre-rinse cycle can be 2 to 10, preferably 2 to 5% by weight.

The layer provided for the pre-rinse cycle can also be in tablet form and contain alkali metal silicate nonahydrate and pentalkalitriphosphate containing 7 to 22.4, preferably 15 to 18% by weight water of crystallization in a ratio of 0: 1 to 1: 0, preferably 0.35: 1 to 1: 1, based on the anhydrous substances.

The melt layer suitable for the actual cleaning cycle preferably contains a substantial content of sodium metasilicate and anhydrous pentasodium triphosphate and in addition further cleaning-active substances such as an active chlorine compound. Their rate of dissolution in flowing water at 15 ° C. is preferably below 25 grams per hour, in particular in the range from 24.5 to 15 grams per hour.

The amount of the anhydrous pentaalkali metal triphosphate, preferably pentasodium triphosphate, for the melt layer provided for the cleaning cycle is 5 to 50% by weight, preferably 5 to 45% by weight.

The alkali metal silicates are advantageously used in the melt layer provided for the cleaning cycle in the form of sodium metasilicate nonahydrate, sodium metasilicate hexahydrate and sodium metasilicate pentahydrate. The amounts used are 5 to 60, preferably 10 to 50,% by weight, calculated on anhydrous compounds. However, the water-free compound can also be added, which increases the content of cleaning-active substances.

The optimum ratio of pentasodium triphosphate to sodium metasilicate, in each case anhydrous, calculated for the melt layer for the cleaning cycle, is 2: 1 to 1: 2, preferably 1: 1 to 1: 1.7.

A tablet-shaped layer which is rapidly soluble for the cleaning cycle and at increasing temperatures can contain alkali metal silicate and pentaalkali metal phosphate in a weight ratio of 2: 1 to 1: 2, preferably 1: 1 to 1.7: 1, and compounds containing active chlorine. The alkali metal silicate used in this layer is preferably the anhydrous product with a grain fraction of less than 0.8 mm. However, a mixture of anhydrous metasilicate and its nonahydrate in a weight ratio of at most 1.2: 1 can also be used.

As organic active chlorine-releasing compounds, the various chlorinated compounds of isocyanuric acid, such as preferably trichloroisocyanuric acid (TICA), but also Na / K-dichloroisocyanurate, Na dichloroisocyanurate dihydrate (Na-DCC-2 H₂0 ), Na monochloramidosulfonate (= N-chlorosulfamate) and N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide sodium ("chloramine T") can be used. Inorganic active chlorine carriers such as chlorinated lime, lithium or calcium hypochlorite can also be used. They are in amounts of 0.2 to 4, preferably from 0.5 to 2 wt .-%, based on the active chlorine content, the z. B. to be determined by iodometric titration, and the entire layer used.

The total water content of the melt block-shaped cleaning agent layer is 11 to 35, preferably 18 to 30% by weight. It is preferably introduced by the crystal water content of the alkaline substances. The calculations of the water content must therefore be based on these compounds.

The cleaning performance in the pre-rinse cycle can be improved by adding surfactants. Surfactants are usually incompatible with active chlorine-releasing compounds. your simultaneous use in a two-layer compactate without impairing the chlorine carrier is possible if both compounds are separated from each other in a different layer. The proportion of surfactant in the layer provided for the pre-rinse cycle is 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably 1 to 5% by weight, based on the pre-rinse cycle layer. Suitable surfactant components are the known low-foaming nonionic surfactants, such as the ethoxylation products of long-chain alcohols and alkylphenols, and the free hydroxyl groups of the polyethylene glycol ether residue can be substituted by ether or acetal groups or by polypropylene glycol ether residues to reduce the tendency to foam. The block polymers of ethylene oxide with polypropylene oxide are also suitable.

The tablet-shaped layers for the pre-rinse and the cleaning cycle are preferably 0.5 to 2.5, preferably 1 to 2% by weight calcium hydrogenphosphate dihydrate (to reduce segregation) and 1 to 5, preferably 2 to 3% by weight as tableting aids. Sodium acetate, anhydrous, (to prevent sticking to tool parts) added.

The proportions of these tabletting aids, which are safe from an application point of view in terms of cleaning performance, can be varied beyond the ranges mentioned, in order to be able to optimally compress recipe variants. The sodium acetate content also affects the solubility of the tablet. Higher amounts of sodium acetate lead to improved solubility in cold water in the pre-rinse cycle.

A further improvement in the solubility of the tablet layers can be achieved, inter alia, by adding other readily water-soluble salts such as. B. sodium chloride can be achieved, but is usually not necessary with the appropriate choice of starting materials. Other usual tableting aids such as. B. lubricants to improve the compressibility (z. B. stearates, talc, glycerides, etc.), disintegrants (z. B. cellulose derivatives, attapulgite (Mg-Al-silicate) etc.) and other auxiliaries can be used in principle, they are undesirable from an application technology point of view and also burden the formulation (costs and additional inert fillers). These otherwise customary aids can be dispensed with when producing tablet layers according to the present invention.

In order to illustrate the mode of action of the two-layer compactate to the user, there is the possibility of staining, in particular of the tablet layer provided for the pre-rinse cycle, although it has surprisingly been found that the compressed, colored raw materials can be less soluble than compressed, undyed raw materials. Staining of sodium metasilicate nonahydrate had the least influence on solubility. You can dissolve or suspend the dye in the surfactant and mix it together with the nonahydrate, e.g. B. in a Lödige mixer. An aqueous dye solution can also be introduced with simultaneous drying using a fluidized bed process. The colored nonahydrate is then optionally mixed with other components and, after compression, leads to a uniformly colored tablet layer.

If necessary, small amounts of dyes can also be added to the melt-block-shaped cleaning agent layer provided for the pre-rinse cycle.

The rate of dissolution of the substances for the individual layers of the melt-block-shaped cleaning agents was determined after the raw material melts had solidified in a laboratory apparatus.

For this purpose, 15 g of the cleaning agent to be tested, which was present as a solid, compact mass in the form of a cuboid (approx. 25 × 95 × 15 mm), were placed in a 250 ml wash bottle according to DIN 12596 made of borosilicate glass. The wash bottle was then closed with a Drechsel wash bottle insert and secured with a cut holder. Water was passed through the bottle at an average temperature of 15 ° C. corresponding to the pre-rinse cycle at a rate of 20 l / h and after 15 minutes the amount which had dissolved under these conditions was determined by weighing. The dissolving behavior was defined as the dissolving rate in g / h (see Table 1, amounts in% by weight).

The results show that the dissolution behavior can be varied within a wide range by the targeted selection of the raw materials. The addition of surfactants, which bring about an improved wetting, has only a minor influence on the solubility. This also applies to the addition of small amounts of electrolytes.

To determine the optimal composition of the differently soluble tablet layers, the dissolving or disintegrating properties of different compressed cleaning agent mixtures were investigated, and then by combining a composition (tablet or melting block) that was readily soluble in cold water with a composition that was only soluble at increasing temperatures (compact or Melting block) of a multilayer compact with a desired dissolution profile.

The desired dissolution profile of a multi-layer, in particular two-layer compactate is to be understood as an almost complete dissolution of the 1st layer with a slight detachment of the 2nd layer in the pre-rinse cycle and a quick and complete dissolution of the remaining compactate at the rising water temperatures in the cleaning cycle of all conventional HGSM.

The solubility (disintegration) of the tablets was carried out using a universal test device type E 70 from Engelsmann as follows:

Lying on a mesh with a mesh size of 2 mm, the tablets were moved up and down in water at 20 ° C. in such a way that they were at the highest point with the base just at the level of the water surface. The amount of water was 800 g, the number of strokes was 25 per minute. The time required for the disintegration or dissolution of the individual tablets was measured or, for dissolving times of more than 5 minutes, the residues remaining on the sieve were weighed out after 5 to 10 minutes.

The results of the investigations are recorded in Table 2 a) and b). It can be seen from this that for the layer which quickly dissolves in the cold water, the raw materials present in granular form are sodium metasilicate nonahydrate and pentasodium triphosphate with a crystal water content of preferably 15 to 18 wt .-% can be used. A combination of the nonahydrate and the hydrated triphosphate was preferably suitable. When these tablets were used with a precisely coordinated composition and appropriate compaction, this layer disintegrated while the falling particles were dissolved (hydrated triphosphates and the metasilicate nonahydrate are very water-soluble). No undissolved particles could be found in the pumped-out suds from the pre-rinse cycle.

On the basis of the results of the experiments described in Tables 1 and 2 a) and b), it was possible to produce two-layer compacts in which one melt or tablet layer completely or almost completely in the pre-rinse cycle and the other melt block or tablet layer only to a minor extent in Pre-rinse and then completely dissolved in the main wash cycle of the HGSM.

When preparing the melts for the pre-rinse agent layer, the sodium metasilicate nonahydrate is first heated to about 55 ° C. and, if necessary, dye is added to make it recognizable. Subsequently, sodium metasilicate pentahydrate and / or electrolyte and / or anhydrous sodium metasilicate and / or nonionic surfactant is added, if necessary, with intensive stirring and stirring is continued until the melt and the solid particles distributed therein are essentially homogeneous. In addition to the nonahydrate, the melt for the pre-rinse cleaning agent layer preferably also contains at least one of the other compounds specified.

Also in the production of the melts for the cleaning cycle cleaning agent layer, sodium metasilicate nonahydrate is first heated to about 55 ° C., all other hydrate-containing constituents, in particular sodium metasilicate pentahydrate, then anhydrous pentasodium triphosphate, anhydrous sodium metasilicate and finally the active chlorine-releasing compounds are added and stirred. Easily pourable melts preferably have viscosities of approx. 500 to 1,500 mPas, but higher and lower viscosities can also be processed.

The melts are filled into the intended forms in the quantities to be dosed via a spray nozzle. In a preferred variant, the shapes consist of a z. B. from Polyethylene, polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride manufactured thermoformed part, which also serves as packaging. In the case of commercially available machines, several casting molds can be drawn from film webs in one work process, which can then be filled at the same time using appropriate metering devices.

The compressibility of raw material mixtures containing almost anhydrous sodium metasilicate to tablet layers depends on the particle size distribution. With a fine grain fraction (smaller than 0.8 mm), good tabletting properties of the raw material mixture are obtained, while dust (smaller than 0.2 mm) and unscreened material (20 to 100% larger than 0.8 mm) lead to mixtures that are difficult to tablettable . When using completely anhydrous metasilicates (e.g. manufactured after a sintering or melting process), the tablets are mechanically stable even after storage. When using hydrothermally produced metasilicate with a residual moisture content of approx. 2%, the grain size distribution did not play a decisive role. However, after the tablets had been stored under indoor climate conditions, the surface had weathered. Large tablets then also tend to crack. A residual moisture content of more than 2% in the metasilicate is therefore undesirable.

In addition to the quality of the metasilicates used, that of triphosphate also affects the compressibility. Dusty products lead to poorer compressibility compared to somewhat coarser grades.

Metasilicates in anhydrous form and as nonahydrate and also the anhydrous triphosphate are preferably used in the form of their sodium salts. Their total amount in the mixture to be pressed for the cleaning cycle was 88 to 98, preferably 95 to 97% by weight.

It was possible to incorporate nonionic surfactant into pre-rinse tablets by using a colored premix of sodium metasilicate nonahydrate and nonionic surfactant without deteriorating their solubility.

The mixture of the fine-grained, anhydrous metasilicates, the corresponding nonahydrates, the triphosphates, active chlorine carriers and tabletting aids can be pressed under die lubrication, with conventional lubricants being used. Depending on the design of the machine, lubrication is carried out directly through holes in the die, by spraying the lower punch or by means of felt rings soaked in lubricant on the lower punch. With the raw material mixtures according to the invention with their particularly favorable compressibility properties, however, the lubrication can usually also be dispensed with.

In order to avoid problems caused by sticking to the stamp, it is recommended to coat the stamp with plastic. Plexiglass or Vulkolan coatings have proven to be particularly favorable. Good results have also been achieved with other conventional materials.

The pressing conditions must be optimized with a view to setting the desired dissolution profile while at the same time having sufficient tablet hardness. The flexural strength can serve as a measure of the tablet hardness (method: compare Ritschel. Die Tablette, Ed. Cantor, 1966, p. 313). Tablets with a flexural strength greater than 12 kp, preferably greater than 15 kp, are sufficiently stable under simulated transport conditions.

Corresponding tablet hardnesses have been achieved at compression pressures of 500 to 5,000 kp / cm², preferably 1,000 to 1,500 kp / cm². Higher pressures reduce the release speed. Soluble Differences in speed can be compensated within limits for different compositions by choosing the pressure.

The specific weight of the compacts was between 1.2 and 2 g / cm³, preferably between 1.4 and 1.7 g / cm³. The compression during the pressing process caused changes in the specific volume, that of 0.8 to 1.8 cm³ / g, preferably 1.0 to 1.4 cm³ / g to 0.5 to 0.8 cm³ / g, preferably 0.6 decreased to 0.7 cm³ / g.

The shape of the tablet can also influence the dissolving speed via the outer surface exposed to the H₂0 attack. For stability reasons, cylindrical compacts with a diameter / height ratio of 0.6 to 1.5: 1 were produced.

The Kompaktate should be manufactured with a total weight of 40 to 60 g each. This corresponds to your preferred application concentration. Lighter compact products can of course also be produced, of which several may then have to be used simultaneously.
The described compositions can be pressed in a known manner using commercially available eccentric presses or rotary presses.

It is now a matter of combining tablet and melt block formulations with one another in such a way that one of the two forms is preferably dissolved in the pre-rinse cycle, while the other is preferably effective in the cleaning cycle. It is preferred to use the tablet form for the pre-rinse cycle.

For the production of the detergent compactate consisting of tablet and melting block, the detergent melt is poured into a provided container, preferably deep-drawn parts, which also serve as packaging, poured. The tablet for the pre-rinse cycle is then pressed into the still liquid melt mass by hand or by suitable mechanical devices, so that a solid connection between the tablet and the melt block is achieved when the melt solidifies. A variant is preferred in which the tablet protrudes from the surface of the melt, so that water access to the tableted portion of the compact is facilitated in the pre-rinse cycle. The entire detergent compact can preferably be sealed off in the molded container by means of a peel-off film.

In a further process variant, it is also possible to provide a tablet formulation which is poorly soluble under the conditions of the pre-wash cycle for the main wash cycle and then to provide the tablet produced therefrom with a melt compound coating which is suitable for the pre-wash cycle. The tablet intended for the main wash cycle is then z. B. coated by pouring over or by immersion with a good cold water-soluble enamel provided for the pre-rinse. The suitable combinations can be put together from the recipes given in Tables 1 and 2 a) and b). However, numerous other recipes are also conceivable insofar as they fall under the patent claim.

Since there are no suitable dosing devices for this type of use of dishwashing detergents in the machines currently on the market, the compactates can be placed openly in a zone that exposes the compactates to the dissolving power of the tap water flow x, preferably in the cutlery basket of a household dishwasher, even before the pre-rinse cycle begins and the automatically controlled cleaning process is started.

The invention therefore also relates to the use of the detergent compact for cleaning dishes in automatic household dishwashers, which is characterized in that the compactates are opened in the machine before the pre-rinse cycle begins, for example in a zone which exposes the tablets to the dissolving power of the cold tap water flow by placing it in the cutlery basket, and then initiating the automatically controlled cleaning process.

The dishes cleaned in this way have better cleaning results for difficult soiling, such as, for example, burnt-on milk or baked oatmeal, than those treated in the conventional manner.

example

Formulation of the tablet mixture:
% By weight
57 pentasodium triphosphate. 18% H₂0
39 sodium metasilicate nonahydrate
1 C₁₂-C₁₈ fatty alcohol + 5 E0 + 4 P0
0.08 Alizarin Brilliant Pure Blue GLW
2 sodium acetate, anhydrous
1 CaHP0₄. H₂0

Recipe of the melt mass:
36 sodium metasilicate nonahydrate
14 sodium metasilicate pentahydrate
18 sodium metasilicate, anhydrous
31 pentasodium triphosphate, anhydrous
1 trichloroisocyanuric acid

The premix of the tablet raw materials was compressed on an eccentric press to give 12.5 g tablets with a diameter of 30 mm and a height of approx. 13 mm.

To produce the melt, sodium metasilicate nonahydrate was first melted in a heated stirred kettle and heated to 57 ° C. Sodium metasilicate pentahydrate, pentasodium triphosphate, anhydrous and sodium metasilicate, anhydrous were then incorporated in succession within the shortest possible time with vigorous stirring. The melt containing solids was homogenized and heated to approx. 57 ° C. Before the casting started, the trichloroisocyanuric acid was stirred into the melt.

37.5 g of the melt were filled per container shape (deep-drawn parts made of 400 μ PVC film, base area 36 × 36 mm², drawing depth 25 mm, free surface 44 × 44 mm²) using a heated piston metering pump. In each case one tablet was pressed so deeply into the still liquid mass that it still protruded about 2 to 4 mm from the surface of the melt. After solidification and cooling, a compact obtained in this way was placed in the cutlery basket of a household dishwasher. After the pre-rinse, 36% of the compact was dissolved, the tablet being practically completely removed. The rest of the compactate completely dissolved during the heating of the water that ran into the cleaning cycle.

In accordance with the procedure described, other comparable products can be obtained by combining suitable pre-rinse tablets (Tables 1, 1 to 9) and cleaning aisle blocks (Table 2 b), 7 to 10). The part of the compact which dissolves in the pre-rinse cycle can be influenced by varying the melt block and tablet proportions.

Likewise, a tablet formulation intended for the cleaning cycle (Tables 1, 10 to 12) can be provided with a melt layer which is readily soluble in cold water (Table 2 a), 1 to 6) by pouring over or immersing it.

Claims (15)

1. Detergent compactates, in particular for the mechanical cleaning of dishes, based on conventional alkaline components, in particular from the group of alkali metal silicates and pentalkali nitrate phosphates, and also conventional additives of the type of active chlorine compounds, surfactants and / or electrolytes, characterized in that they consist of cold water-soluble Enamel masses or tablets are combined with essentially cold water-resistant tablets or enamel masses, which are soluble at the rising water temperatures of the cleaning cycle of household dishwashers, each enamel mass being combined with tablets and tablets with enamel masses of different solubility. 2. Detergent compact according to claim 1, characterized in that the cold water-soluble melt mass of 20 to 100, preferably 30 to 80 wt .-% sodium metasilicate nonahydrate, 0 to 60, preferably 10 to 50 wt .-% sodium metasilicate pentahydrate and 0 to 60, preferably 10 to 58 wt .-% anhydrous sodium metasilicate. 3. detergent compact according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the cold water-soluble melt additionally contains 2 to 10, preferably 2 to 5 wt .-% electrolytes. 4. Detergent compact according to claim 1, characterized in that the cold water-soluble tablet layer alkali metasilicate nonahydrate and pentaalkali nitrate phosphate with a crystal water content of 7 to 22.4, preferably 15 to 18 wt .-% in a weight ratio of 0: 1 to 1: 0, preferably 0.35 : 1 to 1: 1, based on the anhydrous substances. 5. Detergent compact according to claim 1, characterized in that the melt mass soluble in the rising water temperatures of the cleaning cycle, 5 to 50, preferably 5 to 45% by weight of anhydrous pentasodium triphosphate and 5 to 60, preferably 10 to 50% by weight sodium metasilicates, based on anhydrous compounds. 6. cleaning agent compactates according to claim 1 and 5, characterized in that the hot water-soluble melt pentasodium triphosphate to sodium metasilicate, each calculated anhydrous, in a weight ratio of 2: 1 to 1: 2, preferably 1: 1 to 1: 1.7. 7. Detergent compact according to claim 1, characterized in that the hot water-soluble tablet layer contains alkali metal silicates and pentaalkali metal phosphate in a weight ratio of 2: 1 to 1: 2, preferably 1: 1 to 1.7: 1. 8. detergent compact according to claim 1 and 7, characterized in that the alkali metal silicate is anhydrous and has a grain fraction of less than 0.8 mm. 9. detergent compact according to claim 1, 7 and 8, characterized in that the sodium metasilicate consists of anhydrous metasilicate and the nonahydrate in a weight ratio of at most 1.2: 1. 10. detergent compact according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the cold water-soluble layers additionally contain 0.5 to 10, preferably 1 to 5 wt .-% of low-foam, nonionic surfactants. 11. Detergent compact according to claims 1, 5 to 9, characterized in that the layers soluble in the rising water temperatures of the cleaning cycle 0.2 to 4, preferably 0.5 to 2 wt .-%, based on the active chlorine content, of active chlorine-releasing compounds contain. 12. detergent compact according to claims 1, 4, 7 to 9, characterized in that the tablet-shaped layers 0.5 to 2.5, preferably 1 to 2 wt .-% calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate and 1 to 5, preferably 2 to 3 wt .-% % of anhydrous sodium acetate as a tabletting aid. 13. A process for the production of detergent compact according to claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the liquid melt mass provided for the cleaning cycle is poured into a shaped container and a previously pressed, cold water-soluble tablet is pressed into the still liquid melt. 14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that a tablet pre-pressed for the cleaning cycle is coated with a cold water-soluble melt. 15. Use of detergent compact according to claim 1 to 12 for cleaning dishes in automatic household dishwashers, characterized in that the compact is exposed to the water flow of the pre-cleaning cycle before the start of the pre-cleaning cycle in the machine and then the automatically controlled cleaning process is run.