EP0205853A2 - Method for producing a pipelike underground cavity, e.g. a tunnel, gallery or the like, by means of shield driving, and device for carrying out the method - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A method of constructing in a shield-driving operation a tubular underground cavity, for example a tunnel, gallery or the like, with a lining absorbing the ground pressure, wherein the lining (9), protected by the driving shield (1), is constructed in situ in successive sections (9a, 9b) by introducing material which sets, for example concrete, into an annular chamber (17) bounded at the end face by an end shuttering (15) displaceable in the driving direction and bounded inwardly by an inner shuttering (8), the end shuttering (15) being advanced before the displacement of the inner shuttering (8), characterised in that the annular chamber (17) is bounded outwardly by an outer shuttering (10) which, after the hardening of the last constructed section (9a) of the lining (9), is raised in a radial direction from the outer surface of this section (9a) and is advanced simultaneously with the driving shield (1), and in that in the course of advancing the driving shield (1) and the outer shuttering (10) a pasty material (12) is introduced into the space between the lining (9) and the ground (13).

Description

The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a tubular underground cavity, e.g. a tunnel, tunnel or the like, in which pasty material is introduced into the space between the rock and the lining during the course of the tunneling, and a device for carrying out this method.

It is known to between the outer surface of the rock pressure lining of an underground cavity, e.g. a traffic tunnel and the mountains to arrange a layer of a material that limits the mutual transfer of forces in case of relative displacements between the mountains and the lining by plastic deformation (DE-OS 33 32 242). This layer can be made from a clay mineral, e.g. Bentonite exist, which is to be introduced as a pasty mixture with water, if appropriate also with fillers, as the production of the lining progresses.

It is also e.g. from DE-OS 30 15 210 known to manufacture tunnel linings from in-situ concrete by means of a shield tunneling machine in such a way that the concrete is brought in place between an inner formwork following the advance of a tunnel shield and the pending mountains or soil. The inner formwork consisting of individual tubbing-like formwork elements is continuously implemented in the course of the advance, but always in such a way that the formwork for the concrete to be inserted seals the space between the shield tail and the inner formwork. There is therefore no possibility of installing built-in parts such as e.g. Reinforcing elements, joint tapes or the like.

Another problem with the manufacture of tunnel linings in in-situ concrete is that the tunneling shield is guided telescopically at its rear end on the part of the lining that has already been produced. As a result, he is restricted in his movement options, which makes cornering difficult.

The invention is based on the object in the manufacture of a tubular underground cavity, the lining of which consists of hardening material introduced in place during the course of the advance, and a layer of a pasty material is introduced into the space between the lining and the rock, to create a way to install built-in parts, eg reinforcement, to be able to install and to ensure the controllability of the tunnel shield.

According to the invention, this object is achieved procedurally in that the lining in successive construction sections on site by introducing hardening material, e.g. Concrete is made into the space between an inner formwork and an outer formwork, which is delimited on the face side by a stimulation formwork that can be moved in the direction of advance, that the pasty material is introduced in the course of advancing the tunneling shield and the outer formwork after the material of the last manufactured section has hardened, and the stimulating formwork the implementation of the inner formwork is advanced, wherein the outer formwork is lifted in the radial direction from the outer surface of the last manufactured section of the lining before being advanced.

The outer formwork is expediently advanced at the same time as the tunneling shield. In this case, an axial compressive force can be exerted on the end face of the last manufactured section of the lining while the advance shield and / or the outer formwork is being pushed against the inner formwork.

A device for carrying out the method expediently consists of a jacking plate equipped with jacking presses with a shielding jacket and devices arranged on the inside thereof for pressing the pasty material into the space between the lining and the rock and, in addition to an inner formwork following the jacking, against which the Support jacking presses, on the inside of the shield shell an outer formwork and a ring-shaped formwork for each section of the lining, the outer formwork being designed so that it transmits the pressure generated during the manufacture of the section directly to the shield shell and for advancing the tunnel shield by widening can be lifted off the surface of this section.

The outer formwork can be expediently connected to the shield jacket. The formwork can be displaceable in the direction of advance relative to the outer formwork; it can also be connectable to the external formwork.

The end formwork is expediently designed in such a way that axial compressive forces can be exerted on it at least during the advancement of the tunneling shield on the end face of the last section of the lining produced. For this purpose, the front formwork can be supported against the driving shield by means of cylinder-piston units with an axial direction of action.

The outer formwork expediently consists of a plurality of lamellar formwork elements running in the direction of advance and arranged closely next to one another, the inner surface of which facing away from the shield shell forms the formwork skin. This inner surface can be formed in each case on a formwork panel which is designed to be rigid over the width of the respective formwork element and over a length which is greater than the length of the lining section to be produced in each case.

The longitudinal and transverse walls of the formwork elements are expediently shortenable in the radial direction, but are designed to be tensile; they can at least partially consist of elastic material, such as rubber, plastic or the like, and be designed like a bellows. The formwork elements thus enclose a closed cavity and can be acted upon by a pressure medium such as air, water, oil or the like.

The formwork elements expediently each have a rear wall abutting the inner surface of the shield casing. They can also be interchangeable.

Lines for pressing material to fill in the cavity between the rock and the lining can be provided within the formwork elements; these lines can also be integrated into the formwork elements. The formwork elements provided with lines are expediently arranged at regular intervals over the circumference of the shield jacket.

The basic idea of the invention is, in addition to the implementable inner formwork, to also provide an outer formwork for the lining and to produce it in successive construction sections, the tunneling shield and the outer formwork being advanced only after the last section that has been produced has hardened. This creates the prerequisite for being able to advance the formwork for the section of the lining to be produced before the inner formwork is moved and independently of this. This creates in the protection of the shield jacket an annular cavity delimited by the end face of the last manufactured section of the lining, the outer formwork and the end formwork, which is accessible from the inside of the tunnel shield and in the built-in parts, e.g. reinforcement, joint tapes or the like can be installed. Only after these built-in parts have been installed is this annular cavity closed by moving a section of the inner formwork, so that the concrete for this section can be introduced into this annular space.

The controllability of the tunneling shield when advancing is made possible in that the outer formwork can be lifted outward in the radial direction from the surface of the last section of the lining. This not only frees the outer formwork from the lining, but also creates a free space between the lining and the shield jacket, in which the driving shield can be pivoted by a certain amount of angle to enable cornering.

During the advancement of the jacking shield, the jacking presses being supported against the inner formwork, the front formwork exerts an axial pressure on the last section of the lining produced and pasty material is introduced under pressure into the space between the lining and the rock. On the one hand, this means that the section in question is held until the cavity between the mountains and the lining is completely filled, but the volume loss that occurs when the shield tail is pulled forward is immediately compensated for by pressing in paste-like material, so that cavities that could give rise to subsidence , cannot form.

• Fig. 1 einen etwas vereinfachten Längsschnitt durch einen Vortriebsschild mit Vorrichtungen zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach der Erfindung,
• Fig. 2 einen Querschnitt entlang der Linie 11-11 in Fig. 1,
• Fig. 3 in vergrößerter Darstellung einen Ausschnitt aus Fig. 2 mit Darstellung der die Außenschalung bildenden Schalungselemente im Betonierzustand,
• Fig. 4 einen der Fig. 3 entsprechenden Ausschnitt beim Vorschieben des Vortriebsschildes und die
• Fig. 5 bis 8 in Teillängsschnitten durch den Schildschwanz einige aufeinanderfolgende Arbeitsphasen.

The invention is explained below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. It shows

• 1 shows a somewhat simplified longitudinal section through a tunneling shield with devices for carrying out the method according to the invention,
• 2 shows a cross section along the line 11-11 in FIG. 1,
• 3 shows an enlarged view of a detail from FIG. 2 showing the formwork elements forming the outer formwork in the concreting state,
• Fig. 4 is a section corresponding to Fig. 3 when advancing the tunnel shield and the
• Fig. 5 to 8 in partial longitudinal sections through the shield tail some consecutive work phases.

The tunneling shield (1) shown in longitudinal section in FIG. 1 is intended for tunneling tunnels or tunnels or the like. The basic structure of the tunneling shield (1) includes a shield jacket (2) with a shield tail area (3). On the face of the tunneling shield (1) there are tunneling tools (4) arranged for the mining of the mountains or soil. The degraded material is conveyed from a degradation chamber (5), which may be filled with water or thixotropic liquid, in a manner known per se, for example by means of a screw conveyor (6).

The tunneling shield (1) is supported for the advance by means of tunneling presses (7) in relation to the inner formwork (8) for the tunnel lining (9). The inner formwork (8) consists of individual annular sections (8a, 8b, 8c, etc.), which are implemented according to the advance. The sections are designed like tubbing, i.e. they consist of individual parts (8 ') and a keystone (8 ") (Fig. 2).

On the inside of the rear part of the shield casing (2) there is an outer formwork (10) for each ring section of the lining (9), which consists of a number of lamellar formwork elements (10 '). These formwork elements (10 '), which will be explained in more detail in connection with FIGS. 3 and 4, are penetrated in the axial direction by lines 11 which serve to press in a pasty mixture which forms an intermediate layer (12) into the intermediate space between the mountains (13) and the lining (9) is introduced. The formwork elements (10 ') in the area of the shield tail (3) also form an annular formwork for the pasty material; the space between the outer formwork and the lining (9) is sealed by a shield tail seal (14).

Inside the outer formwork (10) there is also an annular stimulating formwork (15) for the lining (9), which is axially relative to the outer formwork (10) and the driving shield by means of cylinder-piston units (16) mounted on the driving shield (1) (1) is movable.

In the working state shown in FIG. 1, the lining section (9b) was produced last. The tunneling shield (1) has advanced one section length; the outer formwork - (10) together with a ring section - (8a) of the inner formwork (8) and the face formwork - (15) define an annular cavity (17) into which concrete is inserted after the installation of a reinforcement cage (18) by press-in lines (19) is introduced.

One of the formwork elements (10 ') of the outer formwork is shown in greater detail in FIGS. 3 and 4 in an enlarged but circumferentially shortened section from the cross section of FIG. 2. The formwork element (10 ') consists of a flat hollow body which is adapted in the transverse direction to the curvature of the shield casing (2) and which has an inner formwork panel (19), an outer rear wall (20) and longitudinal walls (21) and - not shown in the illustration - Has end walls. The longitudinal walls (21) consist of a flexible material, e.g. Rubber, plastic or the like, which can be transferred from the concreting position shown in FIG. 3 by elastic deformation into the radially shortened position shown in FIG. 4.

While the rear wall (20) of the formwork elements (10 ') lies against the inside of the shield casing - (2), the formwork plate (19) must not only have the respective width of the formwork elements, but also a length which is greater than the length (1) a section of the lining (9) be designed to be rigid (FIG. 6). The formwork sheet - (19) lies on the one hand on the outer peripheral surface (29) of the formwork (15) and on the other hand on the outer edge (22) of the last section (8b) (Fig. 5). At the end faces (23 and 24), the formwork panel (19) is elastically yieldingly connected via a spacer bar (25) or directly to the rear wall (20) (FIG. 6).

As can be seen in particular from FIGS. 2 and 3, the formwork elements (10 ') are arranged closely next to one another in the circumferential direction, so that the formwork panels (19) touch at their longitudinal edges in joints (26). The lines (11) are arranged within at least some of these formwork elements, through which the pasty material for forming the intermediate layer (12) can be pressed.

The formwork elements (10 '), which are interchangeably fastened to the shield casing (2), each form separate cavities; with a print medium, e.g. Air, water or oil can be applied. By applying a pressure medium, the shape shown in Fig. 3 is achieved, in which the radial longitudinal walls (21) appear stretched. The longitudinal walls (21) must be tensile in the radial direction so that the radial distance between the formwork panel (19) and the rear wall (20) is always maintained. Filling the inner cavities of the formwork elements (10 ') with a pressure medium causes the inner formwork plate (19) to be supported directly against the rear wall (20) or the shield casing (2), so that when a section of the lining (9) is concreted occurring forces are transferred directly to the shield jacket (2).

The flexible, resilient connection of the formwork panel (19) and the rear wall (20) on their longitudinal and transverse sides has the effect that a reduction in their radial thickness can occur when part of the pressure medium is extracted from the cavities of the formwork elements (10 ') (Fig. 4). The longitudinal walls (21) deform approximately like bellows. In the area of the end faces (23 and 24) there are joint-like connections that make it possible for the formwork plate (19) to lie against the boundary of the line (11) or a corresponding spacer. In this way it is possible to lift the formwork panels (19), which form the outer formlining for each section of the lining (9), in the radial direction from the hardened concrete, similar to the case with concrete structures with a freely accessible surface.

The method of operation according to the method according to the invention and the operation of the device are explained in more detail below with the aid of FIGS. 5 to 8, which show successive working phases in a somewhat shortened and excessive representation.

Fig. 5 shows a working phase in which the section (9b) of the lining was last produced. The driving shield (1) with the shield casing - (2) and the formwork elements (10 ') and the front formwork (15) is in a position in which an annular cavity (17) is formed. Installation parts can be inserted into this cavity (17), e.g. Reinforcement cages (18) (Fig. 6). The formwork elements (10 ') are in this phase in the extended state, i.e. the formwork panels (19) rest on (22) on the last manufactured section (9b) and on the other hand on the annular face formwork (15). The cavity enclosed by the formwork elements (10 ') is filled with a pressure medium which transfers the pressure of the concrete mixture now to be filled into the cavity (17) directly to the shield jacket (2).

Fig. 6 shows the state in which the cavity (17) is closed by the ring section (8a) of the inner formwork, which in turn rests on the inner peripheral surface (27) of the end formwork (15). The piston rods (7a) of the jacking presses (7), whose cylinders (7b) are mounted on the jacking plate (1), are supported against the end face of the inner formwork (8).

To prepare the advance of the tunneling shield (1) after the section - (9a) has hardened, pressure medium is first drained from the cavities of the formwork elements (10 '). This creates a negative pressure, through the action of which the formwork panels (19) stand out from the surface of the lining (9). This position is shown in Fig. 7. Supporting the jacking presses (7) with respect to the inner formwork (8) and at the same time pressing in pasty material through the lines (11) to form the intermediate layer (12), the advancing of the jacking plate (1) then begins.

With continuous pressing of pasty material through the lines (11), the driving shield is pushed further in the direction of the arrow (28) until it has reached the position shown in FIG. 5 for the section (9b) in the section (9a) the inner formwork plate - (19) of the formwork elements (10 ') still rests on the last section (9a). The shield tail seal (14) seals the cavity between the outer formwork (10) and the outer surface of the lining (9), so that the pasty material can be pressed into the space under pressure. During this time, the jacking presses (7) are supported against the inner formwork (8); by means of the forehead formwork presses (16), an axial pressure is exerted on the last formwork (9a) of the lining via the forehead formwork (15) in order to hold it in position until the entire outer space to the rock (13) with pasty material is filled. In order to achieve a possible displacement of the individual sections - (9a, 9b, 9c etc.) in the ring joints, they can, as shown in FIGS. 5 to 8, be provided with teeth.

After the tunneling shield (1) has been advanced by a section length, the face formwork (16) is also used to advance the face formwork (15) and the formwork plates (19) of the formwork elements (10 ') are again applied to the outer surface by applying pressure medium Bring the front edge of the section (9a) and the outer peripheral surface (29) of the front formwork (15), so that the position shown in Fig. 5 is reached again and a new operation can take place.

It is essential for the invention that the formwork elements (10 ') are retracted during the advancement of the tunneling shield (1), so that a between the front formwork (15) or the lining (9) and the outer formwork or the shield casing (2) There is free space, which makes it possible for the driving shield (1) to be pivoted through an angle when it is approaching the part of the lining (9) that has already been completed (FIG. 8). This enables the heading shield to corner.

Claims (20)

1. A method for producing a tubular underground cavity, for example a tunnel, gallery or the like with a lining absorbing the rock pressure in the shield drive, in the course of the train. of the advance paste material is introduced into the space between the mountains and the lining, characterized in that the lining (9) in successive construction sections (9a, b, c, etc.) in place by introducing hardening material, for example concrete, in the front by means of an intermediate space between an inner formwork (8) and an outer formwork (10), which is limited by a front formwork (15) which can be moved in the direction of advance, that the pasty material in the course of the advance of the advance shield (1) after the material of the last manufactured section has hardened and the outer formwork (10) is inserted and the stimulation formwork (15) is advanced before the inner formwork (8) is moved, the outer formwork (10) being lifted radially from the outer surface of the last manufactured section of the lining (9) before being advanced . 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer formwork (10) is advanced simultaneously with the jacking plate (1). 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that during the advancement of the tunneling shield (1) and / or the outer formwork @ 10, with support against the inner formwork (8), an axial compressive force on the end face of the last manufactured section of the lining ( 9) is exercised. 4. Device for performing the method according to claims 1 to 3, consisting of a pre-equipped with drive jacks ^t drive plate, with a shield jacket and on the inside arranged means for pressing the pasty material into the space between the lining and the mountains, characterized that in addition to an inner formwork (9) following the jacking, against which the jacking presses (7) are supported, on the inside of the shield casing (2) an outer formwork (10) and an annular formwork - (15) _' for each section of the lining - (9) are arranged, wherein the outer formwork (10) is designed so that it. pressure generated during the manufacture of the section is transferred directly to the shield casing (2) and can be lifted off from the surface of this section by widening to advance the driving shield (1). 5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the outer formwork (10) with the shield casing (2) can be connected. 6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the face formwork (15) is displaceable in the direction of advance relative to the outer formwork (10). 7. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the formwork (15) with the outer formwork (10) can be connected. 8. Device according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the formwork - (15) is designed such that at least during the advancement of the tunneling shield - (1) axial compressive forces on the end face of the last manufactured section of the lining ( 9) are exercisable. 9. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that the face formwork (15) by means of cylinder-piston units (16) is supported with an axial direction of action relative to the driving shield (1). 10. Device according to one of claims 4 to 9, characterized in that the outer formwork (10) consists of a plurality of lamellar, in the direction of advance and closely arranged formwork elements (10 ') whose inner surface facing away from the shield shell (2) the formwork skin forms. 11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the inner surface of the formwork elements (10 ') is formed on a respective formwork panel (19) over the width of the respective formwork element (10') and over a length that is greater than that The length of the lining section to be produced is designed to be rigid. 12. The apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that the longitudinal and transverse walls of the formwork elements (10 ') can be shortened in the radial direction, but are designed to be tensile. 13. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that the longitudinal and transverse walls are at least partially made of elastic material such as rubber, plastic or the like. 14. The apparatus according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the longitudinal and transverse walls are bellows-shaped. 15. Device according to one of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that the Schaiungselemente (10 ') enclose a closed cavity and can be acted upon by a pressure medium such as air, water, oil or the like. 16. Device according to one of claims 11 to 15, characterized in that the formwork elements (10 ') each have a rear wall (20) abutting the inner surface of the shield casing (2). 17. The device according to one of claims 10 to 16, characterized in that the formwork elements (10 ') are interchangeable. 18. Device according to one of claims 10 to 17, characterized in that within the formwork elements (10 ') lines (11) for pressing material for filling the cavity between mountains (13) and lining (9) are provided. 19. The apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in that the lines (11) in the formwork elements (10 ') are integrated. 20. The apparatus of claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the formwork elements (10 ') provided with lines (11) are arranged at regular intervals over the circumference of the shield casing (2).

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