EP0200876B1 - Arrangement for lighting a room with daylight - Google Patents

Abstract

The daylight enters the room through at least one inner light port which is limited at the top by a flat upper reflector and at the bottom by a parabolic lower reflector. A diagonal beam having a diagonal angle passes through the upper edge of the inlet window and through the lower edge of the inner window. All of the light entering through the light port is emitted into the room above the diagonal beam. To accomplish this, the lower reflector represents, in cross-section, part of a parabola whose main axis passes through the upper edge of the inlet window, and which forms with the vertical an upwardly directed main axis angle. Also, the angle of inclination measured from the main axis of the upper reflector is equal to half the diagonal angle measured in relation to the main axis. By superimposing an outer light port, a given window surface can be better exploited and can be protected from interference light entering from below.

Description

The invention relates to an arrangement according to the preamble of claim 1.

Such an arrangement is known from DE-OS-1 497 348. Several flat reflectors are arranged at a distance one above the other between two window panes, two adjacent reflectors each forming a light shaft with a cross section that is constant over its width. The diagonal angle between a diagonal beam running through the light well and a reference plane, e.g. B. the vertical plane, is so large here that even a person sitting directly at the window can look out through the light wells and their eyes are hit by multiple reflected rays.

Such a window is practically very bright from all normal viewing angles of a person in the room, i.e. its luminance is in great contrast to the luminance of the walls surrounding the window.

From CH-PS-194 867 it is known to direct the bright zenith light to the work place by deflecting it via mirrors and / or light-refracting plates. As a result, the inner window has a particularly high luminance when viewed from the working position, which is particularly disturbing in rooms with VDU workstations.

The invention is therefore based on the object, each light shaft in an arrangement according to the preamble of claim 1 so that all the light passing through it is emitted in a spatial area that is above a diagonal angle, which is dimensioned so that the diagonal beam from one The person who is most distant from the window in a workplace is no longer visible.

The inventive solution to this problem is characterized in claim 1. In the invention, the light is emitted into the room at such angles that the inner windows appear dark even from the most unfavorable viewing position. In contrast, the reflective ceiling and the walls opposite the light wells are brightened so that they act as secondary emitters that reflect the light at favorable angles to the workplace. Such illumination not only saves energy but in particular creates a very favorable, glare-free work situation; this also prevents annoying reflections on screens.

The distribution of the luminous flux from a light shaft over the ceiling and the wall opposite the window and in particular also the angle of incidence of the light into the room above the diagonal angle can be varied within wide limits within the scope of the invention: for example, the luminous flux directed onto the window area near the window can be varied above all by setting a main axis angle that deviates from zero. On the other hand, the ceiling section lying further inside in the room receives a larger proportion of light, the smaller the angle of inclination of the flat top reflector.

Another degree of freedom is to choose the focal length of the sub-reflector to be the same, smaller or larger than the height of the entrance window.

It is within the scope of the invention to arrange the inner window of the inner light well or the inner windows of a plurality of inner light wells arranged one above the other in the same plane, which may run vertically or may include an acute angle open at the bottom with the vertical. In the same way, the entrance window of each light well can be arranged in a vertical plane or in a plane inclined towards it.

An excellent shielding of the space lying under the diagonal beam is indeed achieved with the invention. However, this only applies on the condition that no stray light enters the light wells due to building reflections at an unfavorable angle. If this is to be expected due to the construction situation, it is advantageous, in accordance with the development of the invention characterized in subclaim 9, to place an outside light shaft in front of each inside light shaft, which shields out stray light coming from below. With this embodiment, a given window area can also be optimally utilized, since the light entry areas of the outside light wells abut one another without gaps. Analogous considerations apply to the parameters of the exterior light well and the light deflection and suppression that can be achieved with them, as explained with reference to the interior light well. The parameters of the light wells can be dimensioned such that the light that is incident in the angular range between the diagonal beam and the main axis of the outer light well is emitted into the interior in an angular range that is in turn limited by the diagonal beam and the main axis of the inner light well.

Light wells lying one above the other - which can also consist of an inner light well and an outer light well - are preferably formed by identical molded bodies arranged one above the other. These can be of such a small width that they can be accommodated in the space between the panes of composite windows. With these small dimensions, it is particularly advantageous to extrude the individual molded parts.

For most applications, it will be sufficient to create moldings which are symmetrical about a central plane, so that interior light wells and exterior light wells with a mirror-image cross section are the same.

In the context of the invention it is expedient Arrange at least one viewing window below the light wells, approximately at eye level for people sitting at workplaces, which enables contact with the outside world; however, this should be covered by a blind.

Furthermore, it is advisable to arrange sun protection in front of the light wells, through which direct sunlight, e.g. B. with the help of retroreflection, kept away from the light wells.

Further developments of the invention are characterized in the dependent claims.

• FIG 1 den Querschnitt durch einen Raum mit erfindungsgemäß angeordneten und ausgebildeten Innenlichtschächten,
• FIG 2 einen vergrößerten Querschnitt durch solche Innenlichtschächte,
• FIG 3 einen schematischen Querschnitt durch ein Ausführungsbeispiel, bei dem dem Innenlichtschacht ein Außenlichtschacht vorgesetzt ist, und
• FIG 4 einen Querschnitt durch einen Teil eines Verbundfensters mit besonders einfachen und wirkungsvoll gestalteten Lichtschächten.

The invention is illustrated by the figures; show it

• 1 shows the cross section through a room with interior light shafts arranged and designed according to the invention,
• 2 shows an enlarged cross section through such interior light wells,
• 3 shows a schematic cross section through an exemplary embodiment in which an inner light shaft is placed in front of an outer light shaft, and
• 4 shows a cross section through part of a composite window with particularly simple and effectively designed light wells.

The space shown in cross-section in FIG. 1 has a window on its left outer wall, which is not described in any more detail and is divided into sub-areas by internals placed in front of it:

First, a viewing window Fio is arranged approximately at eye level M of a person sitting at a table T and can be darkened by a blind N. Above are two interior light wells Li1, Li2, whose vertical light exit surfaces facing the room are designated as interior windows Fi1, Fi2. The outward-facing light entry surfaces are correspondingly referred to as entry windows Fm1 and Fm2.

The diagonal beam Di1 belonging to the light well Li1, which passes through the lower edge Ui1 of the inner window Fi1 and the upper edge Om1 of the entrance window Fm1, includes with the vertical a diagonal angle ai1 which is somewhat larger than 90 ° and is dimensioned such that this diagonal beam is out the eye level M is no longer visible to a person sitting at a table T which is furthest from the window front. The diagonal beam Di thus delimits the area directly illuminated by a light well from an underlying blocking zone Z, which is only illuminated by daylight that has been reflected by the reflective ceiling P and / or the vertical walls of the room. This light produces practically no disturbing reflections on a display device G.

Education laws and effect of a light well according to the invention is explained in more detail with reference to FIG 2 and FIG. In FIG. 2, the basis is first of all that the entrance windows Fm1, Fm2 and the inner windows Fi1, Fi2 lie in vertical planes V which have the transverse distance b from one another.

Based on the spatial situation shown in FIG. 1, the diagonal beam Di1 with the diagonal angle ai1 is now drawn in for the lowermost light well Li1: the position of the lower edge Ui1 of the inner window Fi1 and the upper edge Om1 of the entrance window Fm1 is thus determined.

The sub-reflector RUi1 is arranged here so that the parabola, according to which this reflector runs, has a vertical main axis, and its focal point B1 lies in the upper edge Om1 of the entrance window Fm1: The diagonal beam Di1 is therefore a focal point beam and thus the distance between the focal point B1 and the lower edge Ui1 of the inner window Fi1 equal to the distance from Ui1 in the vertical direction from the associated guideline of the parabola. Half the distance of this guideline from the focal point B1 then results in the apex S1.

The focal length, which is identical to the height of the entrance window Fm, is given by

The angle of inclination ßi1 of the flat top reflector ROi1 is equal to half the diagonal angle ai1, both angles being measured from the vertical main axis.

The upper light well Li2, which is constructed according to the same principle, shows how focal rays are redirected into the room in parallel at diagonal angle ai2.

Light rays that hit the sub-reflector RUi2 and do not go through the focal point are all reflected into the room at an angle that is smaller than the diagonal angle ai2, as is illustrated by the dashed beam path.

Due to the location of the diagonal beam Di2, all light entering the room directly through the light shaft must have an angle that is smaller than the diagonal angle ai2.

If there are several light wells one above the other, it is possible to design these light wells identically, in the same way as the lowest. On the basis of the spatial situation explained with reference to FIG. 1, a different diagonal angle results for each light well. Since this diagonal angle is greater, the higher the light well is, the result is larger entrance and inner windows Fm2, Fi2.

A light well is also indicated on the basis of FIG. 2, which is delimited by a sub-reflector RUi '- shown in dotted lines, the inner window Fi' lying in a plane which, with the vertical V, forms an acute angle which is open at the bottom. Obviously, such a design makes it possible to have larger window areas with the same To create shielding conditions.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 2, the entrance window of each light well receives light from an angular range of 180 °. This can be disruptive if lower parts of the building are considered as secondary radiators. It is then expedient to limit the angular range for incident light by placing an outside light shaft in front of the inner light shaft, as is shown with reference to FIG. 3: inner window Fi and entry window Fm of the inner shaft Li lie - as in FIG. 2 - in two mutually parallel vertical planes V or S. Deviating from FIG. 2, the main axis Hi of the sub-reflector RUi is inclined by the main axis angle si against the vertical plane 5.

The outer light shaft La lies between an outer window Pa with the upper edge Oa and the lower edge Ua and the entry window Fm of the inner light shaft Li runs, whose focal point B lies in the upper edge om of the entrance window Fm and whose main axis Ha is inclined by the main axis angle _E a against the vertical plane S.

Between the upper edge Oa of the outer window Fa and the upper edge om of the entrance window Fm there is a flat upper reflector ROa with an angle of inclination βa towards the main axis Ha.

The diagonal beam Da runs through the lower edge Ua of the outer window Pa and the upper edge om of the entrance window Fm, which includes an angle of inclination aa with the main axis Ha. The outside light shaft La only receives light and directs it into the inner light shaft, insofar as its angle of incidence lies in the angular range aa. This light is then emitted into the room in an angular range ai between the diagonal Di and the main axis Hi of the interior light well Li.

In the embodiment of the invention according to flG 4, a part of a composite window is shown in cross section, the two window panes parallel to one another being designated by 1 and 2. Shaped bodies 3 with an identical cross-section are arranged at an equal distance above one another between these panes, which are also mirror images of a vertical plane S - parallel to the window panes. The surfaces of the shaped bodies are designed to be reflective, in particular reflective, so that an outer light well La and an inner light well Li are formed between the superimposed shaped bodies. The diagonal angle a for the diagonal beam D for the outside light well and the inner light well is identical to 90 ° with respect to the vertical plane S, in which the main axes of the parabolas of the lower reflectors lie: This means that the upper reflectors also have an identical inclination angle β of 45 °.

An arrangement with shaped bodies of this type receives light from an angular range of 90 ° between D and S - and emits it over the same angular range - between D and S - towards the ceiling and opposite walls of the room.

To suppress direct solar radiation between the light shafts and the outer window pane 1, a known sunshade 4 is arranged in the form of rotatable prismatic glasses, which can always be adjusted so that - regardless of the position of the sun - no sunbeam can penetrate the light shafts.

List of terms

Claims (17)

1. 2. An arrangement as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the inner window (Fi) is located in a plane which forms an acute angle, open at the bottom, with the vertical plane (V).
2. 3. An arrangement as claimed in Claim 2, comprising a plurality of inner light shafts arranged one-above-another, characterised in that all the inner windows (Fi) are located in a plane which forms an acute angle, open at the bottom, with the vertical plane (V).
3. 4. An arrangement as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the inner window (Fi) are located in the vertical plane (V).
4. 5. An arrangement as claimed in one of the Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the inlet window (Fm) of the inner light shaft is located in a vertical plane.
5. -6. An arrangement as claimed in one of the Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the inlet window (Fm) is located in a plane which forms an acute angle, open at the bottom, with the vertical plane.
6. 7. An arrangement as claimed in Claim 4, characterised in that the inner windows (Fi) and the inlet windows (Fm) are arranged in different vertical planes (V) transversely spaced by the distance (b).
7. 8. An arrangement as claimed in Claim 7, characterised in that the main axial angle (si) of the parabola in accordance with which the lower reflector (ROi) extends, is zero, and the focal length is gowerned by the equation:

   

   wherein ai is the diagonal angle, and b is the transverse spacing between the vertical planes (V); and

   that the angle of inclination (pi) of the upper reflector (ROi) is equal to half the diagonal angle (ai).
8. 9. An arrangement as claimed in Claim 5 or 8, characterised in that between an outer window (Fa) having an upper edge (Oa) and a lower edge (Ua) and the inlet window (Fm) of the inner light shaft (Li), is arranged an outer light shaft (La) with a flat upper reflector (ROa) and a lower reflector (RUa);

   the lower reflector (RUa) extends between the lower edge (Ua) of the outer window (Fa) and the lower edge (Um) of the inlet window (Fm) and, in cross-section, forms part of a parabola whose main axis (Ha) passes through the upper edge (Om) of the inlet window (Fm), and forms an acute main axial angle (sa), open at the top, with the vertical plane (V);

   the upper reflector (ROa) extends between the upper edge (Oa) of the outer window (Fa) and the upper edge (Om) of the inlet window (Fm);

   the angle of inclination (pa) of the upper reflector (ROa) - measured from the main axis (Ha) - is equal to half the diagonal angle (aa) of a diagonal beam (Da) of the outer light shaft (La);

   where the diagonal beam (Da) passes through the lower edge (Ua) of the outer window (Fa) and the upper edge (Om) of the inlet window (Fm), and the diagonal angle (aa) is measured from the main axis (Ha).
9. 10. An arrangement as claimed in Claim 9, comprising a plurality of light shafts arranged one-above-another, chacterised in that the outer windows (Fa) are arranged in a plane which forms an acute angle, open at the bottom, with a vertical plane.
10. 11. An arrangement as claimed in Claim 9, comprising a plurality of light shafts arranged one-above-another, characterised in that the outer windows (Fa) are located in a vertical plane which extends in parallel to the plane of the inlet windows (Fm) at an interval therefrom, and that the focal point of the lower reflector (RUa) is located on the upper edge (Om) of the inlet window (Fm). 12. An arrangement as claimed in Claim 11, characterised in that the cross-sections of the inner light shaft (Li) and outer light shaft (La) are mirror-images to a vertical plane of symmetry (S) in which the inlet windows (Fm) of the inner light shafts (Li) are located.
11. 13. An arrangement as claimed in Claim 12, characterized in that the main axial angles (sa, si) of the lower reflectors (RUa, RUi) are zero.
12. 14. An arrangement as claimed in one of Claims 1 to 13, comprising a plurality of light shafts arranged one-above-another, characterised in that the inner light shafts (Li) are so arranged and possess such a diagonal angle (ai) that an individual, who is seated at a work-station furthest removed from the window, at eye level, perceives no light beam emanating from an inner window (Fi).
13. 15. An arrangement as claimed in Claim 14, characterised in that, beneath the light shafts at the eye level (M) of individuals seated at workstations, there is arranged a viewing window (Fio) which can be covered by a venetian blind (N) or the like.
14. 16. An arrangement as claimed in one of Claims 1 to 15, characterised in that a sunshield is arranged in front of the inlet window (Fm) or the outer windows (Fa).
15. 17. An arrangement as claimed in one of Claims 1 to 16, characterised in that light shafts are delimited by moulded components (3) which are arranged one-above-another and which have an identical cross-section and reflective surfaces.

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