EP0274055A2 - Large passband information and/or instruction transmission device between a mobile unit and a supervision station - Google Patents

Abstract

Device for transmitting information and/or instructions and/or a location between a movable unit and a supervision station, comprising a hollow tube (1) parallel to the path of the movable unit, forming a waveguide, an emitting face (2) of which is pierced with a network of apertures, the movable unit having two hyperfrequency emitting and/or receiving antennas (4, 5). The network of apertures on the emitting face of the hollow tube permits the transmission between these apertures and the emitting and/or receiving antenna of two signals distinct from the electric field, one for the transmission of information and/or instructions, and the other for measuring the speed and the position of the movable unit by detection of the presence of this second signal. Other devices relate to the application of such hollow tubes to an automobile toll station or a station for monitoring an enclosure which is dangerous for personnel. <IMAGE>

Description

The present invention relates to a device for transmitting information and / or instructions with high bandwidth between a mobile element and a control station for this element, comprising a hollow tube parallel to the path followed by the mobile element, forming a guide. of waves, one emissive side of which is pierced by a network of openings for the passage of electromagnetic microwave radiation, the mobile element being provided with at least one antenna for transmitting and / or receiving waves microwave disposed opposite the face of the tube pierced with a network of openings, the hollow tube being connected to at least one organ for supplying microwave waves and to a member for receiving microwave waves coming from it.

The invention applies in the first place to a device for transmitting information and / or instructions with high bandwidth and / or location between a vehicle, in particular rail or road, and a control station of this vehicle.

We have already proposed in the publication "Waveguide communication system for centralized railway traffic control" by T. Kawakami and others, IEEE Trans. on Vehicular Communications, Sept 1964, p. 1-18, to have a circular waveguide provided with directional couplers and radiating auxiliary waveguides along a railway track for high-speed train, the trains having to be provided with a transmitting antenna and / or reception. Such a device allows data transmissions and telephone or television conversations between the train and a checkpoint. However, it requires the installation along the way of a relatively complex and expensive apparatus. It has only been used for experimental purposes on a section of track, solely for the transmission of information, and has not resulted to date in industrial employment. A similar system, described by HM Barlow, The Radio and Electronic Engineer, May 1967, p. 275-281, using a waveguide of different structure, also for the sole purpose of transmitting information, has the same drawback of complexity and cost, and has also not resulted in exploitation industrial.

The first device according to the invention aims to allow, not only the transmission of information, but also the control of the running of vehicles, such as trains, either rolling on rails, or moved by a linear motor, funiculars, elevators, carts for monitoring enclosures or motor cars, using simpler and less expensive elements than those described in these publications.

This device is characterized in that the network of openings pierced on the emissive face of the hollow tube is such that it allows transmission between these openings and the transmit and / or receive antenna.

It also preferably meets at least one of the following characteristics:
- The openings of the emissive face have a large dimension much greater than their perpendicular dimension, some of them are perpendicular to the axis of the hollow tube and some others oblique to this axis, arranged in a particular pattern corresponding to a appropriate coding, the openings perpendicular to the axis transmitting an axial component (E _z ) conveying information and / or instructions, and the openings oblique to the axis further transmitting a perpendicular component (E _y ) allowing knowledge by the moving element of its absolute position and of any other information linked to it, in particular its maximum authorized speed.
- The supply member for the hollow tube in microwave waves is a transmitter on two different frequencies, one corresponding to the exchange of information and / or instructions, the other providing large amplitude fluctuations of the signals received by an antenna secured to the mobile element and remaining close to the face of the tube pierced with openings, so as to allow, by counting the number of openings, the location of the mobile element and the measurement of its speed.
- The tube is a hollow power supply rail for a rail vehicle or a reaction plate for a propulsion system with a linear motor.
- The internal faces of the hollow tube are provided with an electrolytic deposit of a metal which is a good electrical conductor.
- The tube has a cross section in the shape of an H, so as to constitute an upper radiating waveguide and a lower radiating waveguide separated by a bottom, this bottom is pierced with a network of openings, the guide waveform is provided with electrical short circuits forming directional couplers associated with a layer of material absorbing microwave waves and allowing only the passage of microwave energy from the lower waveguide to the upper waveguide, dividing this last in sections, the lower waveguide is connected to a microwave power supply member carrying information and / or instructions for all the moving elements, and the upper waveguide is connected to a '' microwave power supply carrying information and / or instructions to and / or from only mobile elements moving along the sections delimited by two successive electrical short-circuits and associated absorbent materials.
- The face of the tube pierced with a network of openings is made of a plastic material covered over a small thickness of a metallization in which is engraved the network of openings.
- At least on certain sections of the hollow tube, the openings allowing the location of the mobile element and the measurement of its speed are separated by intervals such that a command to pass the corresponding antenna of the mobile element at intervals equal time in front of these openings provides control of the speed of the movable member.

It will be understood that the cross section of the tube can in the general case be arbitrary, elliptical, circular or rectangular. A rectangular cross section however leads to mechanical simplifications.

Equidistant openings made on the radiating face of the hollow tube make it possible to determine the speed of the mobile element by simple counting of the number of detections by a location antenna during a given time interval. The position is obtained by multiplying the number of detections by the step separating two successive openings.

The openings for measuring the speed and the position of the movable element can also be arranged in such a way that successions of presence or absence of a signal can be coded so as to record data such as the position. absolute and the authorized speed at a determined point in its path.

The connections of the radiating waveguides to the interruptions required by the problems of expansion or, in the case of railway vehicles, by the passages of the switches and crossings can be constituted by a transition waveguide-coaxial cable, a cable element flexible coaxial and a coaxial cable-waveguide transition.

To compensate for the weakening of the signals along the path of the movable element, although the latter is only moderate, repeaters of known type arranged from afar will ensure the regeneration of these signals. In addition, the waveguides can be pierced with openings whose dimensions increase in stages, in order to compensate for the losses by linear attenuation and to obtain almost constant levels of transmitted signals, whether one is close to a receiver or at the limit of its range.

A device as defined above allows the exchange of broadband analog and / or high speed digital information, such as telephone and / or video signals on the one hand, and / or communication signals on the other telemetry and / or remote controls, but also allows position and / or speed measurements of the movable element moving near the tube forming a microwave waveguide.

A second device according to the invention aims to allow the transmission of information and / or instructions between a road vehicle and a toll or control post at the entrance to pay or controlled access lanes, without vehicle stop road at the toll booth or checkpoint. It is characterized in that it comprises, upstream of an access barrier, at least one section of track provided with a hollow tube forming a waveguide, in that this tube is connected to a control station provided with '' on the one hand, a link with a center for the supply and recording of banking or authorization data, and, on the other hand, a body controlling the opening of the access barrier.

Preferably the hollow tube parallel to the track section allows the interrogation of the vehicle, the reception of identification data, the processing of this data by the control station, then the validation of the identification data and the opening of the access barrier.

The purpose of the third device according to the invention is to allow the transmission of information and / or instructions between an observation camera placed in an enclosure which is not accessible without danger, such as an enclosure subjected to ionizing radiation, and a checkpoint. It is characterized in that it comprises an electronic safe with antenna for transmitting and receiving microwave frequencies, connected to the camera, a hollow tube forming a waveguide arranged opposite the transmitting antenna, itself even connected to the control post, comprising a device for receiving and processing microwave signals emitted by the electronic safe and for transmitting the processed signals to a television screen.

• La figure 1 représente en perspective un véhicule ferroviaire et des éléments de voie et de tube creux formant guide d'ondes parallèle à la voie.
• La figure 2 représente à plus grande échelle une vue de la face du tube d'ondes de la figure 1, percée du réseau d'ouvertures dont les orientations judicieuses permettent de mettre en évidence deux composantes distinctes du champ rayonné par le guide d'ondes, informations permettant les fonctions de transmission et/ou de localisation et/ou de mesure de vitesse.
• La figure 3 représente avec arrachement partiel un tronçon de rail d'alimentation en énergie présentant une section droite en forme de H, jouant le rôle de double guide d'ondes.
• La figure 4 représente un élément d'une piste d'essais pour automobiles.
• La figure 5 représente un véhicule prioritaire le long d'une route munie d'une dispositif d'échange d'informations et d'instructions.
• La figure 6 représente un poste de péage automatique sans arrêt des véhicules à l'entrée d'une voie de circulation payante.
• La figure 7 représente un funiculaire et un élément de voie correspondant muni à côté de la crémaillère d'un guide d'ondes en hyperfréquences.
• La figure 8 représente un poste de surveillance d'ascenseurs dans un immeuble.
• La figure 9 représente un chariot de surveillance d'enceinte par caméra monté sur rails.
• La figure 10 représente un dispositif de contrôle de caméra d'observation dans une enceinte soumise à un rayonnement ionisant.

It is described below, by way of examples and with reference to the schematic figures of the appended drawing, devices for transmitting information and / or instructions according to the invention.

• FIG. 1 shows in perspective a railway vehicle and track and hollow tube elements forming a waveguide parallel to the track.
• FIG. 2 represents on a larger scale a view of the face of the wave tube of FIG. 1, pierced with the network of openings whose judicious orientations make it possible to highlight two distinct components of the field radiated by the waveguide , information enabling the transmission and / or location and / or speed measurement functions.
• Figure 3 shows with partial cutaway a section of energy supply rail having an H-shaped cross section, playing the role of double waveguide.
• FIG. 4 represents an element of a test track for automobiles.
• FIG. 5 represents a priority vehicle along a road provided with a device for exchanging information and instructions.
• FIG. 6 represents an automatic toll station without stopping vehicles at the entrance to a paying traffic lane.
• FIG. 7 represents a funicular and a corresponding track element provided, next to the rack, with a microwave waveguide.
• Figure 8 shows an elevator monitoring station in a building.
• FIG. 9 represents a camera surveillance trolley mounted on rails.
• FIG. 10 represents an observation camera control device in an enclosure subjected to ionizing radiation.

In FIG. 1, the rail vehicle 3, for example the power train of a metro train, rolls on rails 2 near a material support formed by a hollow tube constituting a radiating waveguide 1 thanks to the presence geometrically asymmetrical openings forming a network 7 on one of the faces 6 of the material support. The powerplant is provided with a transmit and receive antenna 4 and a location antenna 5. The first allows the transmission of information or control instructions between the powerplant and a traffic control station to which is connected to one end of the waveguide and consists of one or more elementary antennas coupled together in order to provide the gain and amplitude regulation functions of the signals transmitted and received.

The so-called localization antenna 5 makes it possible to measure another component of the microwave electromagnetic field received above the waveguide and / or to receive a wavelength different from the microwave signals. Assuming for example that the openings are equidistant and of a known spacing, the signals received by the antenna will give, by the number of periods, the position of the vehicle and, by the frequency of the transitions, its speed.

It is also possible, for example, to control the vehicle so that its location antenna receives the radiation from the openings at determined time intervals, which makes it possible to control its speed.

FIG. 2 shows how it is possible on the pierced face 6 of the network of openings, some 8 of which are perpendicular to the axis of the waveguide and others 9 oblique to this axis, to orient those ci in order to receive a constant amplitude of the component E _z (straight line 10) allowing the transmissions and to receive a discontinuous signal (curve 11) by the component E _y allowing the location and the measurement of vehicle speed as we have seen previously.

FIG. 3 represents a double upper 12 and lower 13 waveguide, of H-shaped cross section. The signals common to all the vehicles are conveyed by the lower waveguide 13 and coupled to the upper waveguide 12 by directional couplers consisting of openings 15 located in the bottom 14 of the upper waveguide. Electric short-circuits 16 delimit the upper waveguide into elements which can be the size of a track block for example. An absorbent material 17 makes it possible to avoid the phenomena of standing waves in the upper waveguide. This upper waveguide is connected to a member for transmitting and receiving different microwave waves making it possible to exchange information and / or control instructions with the vehicles located on the section delimited by two electric short-circuits. 16 consecutive. Fixed autopilots installed along the track can communicate with the central control station by injecting a microwave carrying information into the lower waveguide.

The hollow tube shown in 1, Figure 1, or appearing in Figure 3 can, thanks to its compatible geometric dimensions, also perform the functions of energy rail and / or guide.

Figure 4 shows a car test track, apparently for example from an automobile manufacturer or a tire manufacturer, or from an automobile type approval body. The vehicle 21 travels on the test track 23. This comprises a rectangular cross-section tube intended to convey information and / or instructions at high speed by microwave waves and provided with openings of generally rectangular shape, perpendicular to its axis. This hollow tube can be buried in the axis of the track, its upper face flush with the level of the roadway (tube 24 provided with openings 25) or placed on an edge of the roadway, a little above the ground (tube 26 provided with openings 27), supported for example by a safety barrier. The vehicle is provided in the first case with a double antenna 28 for transmission and reception at the bottom of the body. In the second case, it is provided with a double transmitting and receiving antenna 29 on the side of the vehicle facing the hollow tube.

The hollow microwave transmission tube receives at one end the energy carrying signals from the test control station 30 transmitted on a first channel A by a transmitter 31 connected to a control desk 32, and it also receives all along the track the energy carrying the signals transmitted by the vehicle during the tests. At the other end of the waveguide, a recording station (not shown) eliminates the signals of channel A and collects the signals of another channel B from the vehicle, which are amplified and shaped for the usage needs.

FIG. 5 represents a device for exchanging information and instructions between a vehicle, for example a priority vehicle (gendarmerie, ambulance, fire brigade, doctors) and a road control station. The vehicle 33 travels along the track, on the edge of which is disposed a hollow tube forming a microwave waveguide, a tube 34 buried in the axis of the track, its upper face provided with rectangular openings 35 flush the roadway, a tube 37 provided with openings 38 arranged along the track, slightly above the ground, carried for example by a safety barrier. In the first case, the vehicle is provided at the bottom of the body and in its axis with a double transmitting and receiving antenna 28, and in the second case on its side facing the hollow tube with a double transmitting and receiving antenna 29.

The hollow tube forming a waveguide is then provided, to compensate for the weakening of the signals along the track, with repeaters of known type arranged from far to far, ensuring the regeneration of the signals.

Such a device can be adapted to allow the piloting of vehicles equipped with anti-collision devices.

In FIG. 6, the vehicle 1 is presented at the entrance to the automatic toll station 42, at the entrance to the toll lane. The access track is provided with a hollow rectangular tube 44, forming waveguide, of square or rectangular cross section, buried in its axis, and the upper face of which, provided with rectangular openings perpendicular to its axis, directing the radiation upwards, is flush with the tread.

The vehicle is then provided at the bottom of the body and in its axis with a transmitting antenna 45, and possibly with a receiving antenna, both directed downwards. The hollow tube 44 communicates by the high-speed microwave link 46 shown in dashed lines with a control station 50.

As a variant, the access track is bordered by a rectangular tube 47, placed a short distance above the ground, and the vehicle is provided on the bottom of its side with a transmitting antenna 48 facing this tube. . The latter communicates via the high-speed microwave link 49, shown in dashed lines, with the control station 50. The distance between the vehicle antenna and the lateral hollow tube preferably remains at most 2 meters.

Although the two possible embodiments, tube buried in the axis of the access track, and tube bordering the track, have both been shown in the figure, it will be understood that in practice the only one of these links will exist.

The traffic lane for the vehicles to be checked is divided into three successive parts A, B and C.

Part A is used for interrogation of the vehicle by the post 50 and upon receipt of its identification data, using hollow tubes 44 or 47.

The second part B is intended to allow the processing of this data by the control station 50: interrogation of the center for supply and recording of bank data 51, verification of the existence of a bank account provisioned and debit of this account . Light signals 52, 53 controlled by the control station 50, thanks to the microwave link 54, border this part of the track and indicate to the driver of the vehicle if he can progress and at what speed.

The third part C allows the validation of the debit operated on the bank account of the driver of the vehicle and the authorization of passage for this one.

The control station 50 sends the link 55 to the light signal 56 a "green light" order and to the barrier 57 an opening order.

In FIG. 7, the funicular 60, circulating on the track 61 provided with the rack 62, is shown at the start of a station 63. A tube forming a microwave waveguide 64 is arranged inside the track, parallel rack 62. It is provided on its upper face 65 with a network of geometrically asymmetrical openings similar to those shown on a larger scale in FIGS. 2 and 3 for a metro train driver. The funicular comprises on the underside of the body, facing the waveguide, a transmitting and receiving antenna and a locating antenna, both not shown.

The waveguide is connected by a coaxial cable 66 to a control station 67 comprising a cabinet 68 for transmitting microwave waves and a receiver 69 for the information provided by the funicular.

The funicular is for example provided with an internal camera 70 for observing the occupancy rate, the indications of which are transmitted by the waveguide tube and the coaxial cable to a television screen 71 arranged in the control station, provided with a lever 73 for slowing down or stopping. In addition, a television screen 72 arranged in the funicular is supplied with messages or by transmission advertising or not by the control station.

In FIG. 8, several elevator shafts 80, 81, 82 are provided with vertical hollow tubes forming waveguides 83, 84, 85, drilled on their face opposite the wall of the elevator cars of geometrically openings. asymmetrical forming a network. Each elevator car is itself provided with a transmitting and receiving antenna and with a locating antenna, not shown. The hollow tubes forming waveguides are connected by coaxial cable elements (not shown) to the control station 86. The latter is provided with a cabinet for transmitting microwave waves 87 and a cabinet 88 for receiving information from elevator cabs and automatic movement controls. Each elevator car has an electronic drawer such as 89 with a microwave generator, a microphone such as 90 and a surveillance camera 91, 92, 93. The information transmitted by the tubes forming waveguides 83, 84, 85 and the coaxial cables, in particular on the position and the speed of the cabins, are received by the reception cabinet 88, connected to television screens 94, 95, 96 arranged on the control panel 97 opposite the supervisor station, allowing the visualization of the situation in the elevator cabs. A lever 98 allows the supervisor to stop one of the elevators in the event of an incident.

The monitoring installation in FIG. 9 is intended to detect any attempt to cross the fence 100 of a sensitive installation, such as a military installation, oil depot, nuclear power station, etc. For this purpose, two parallel grooves 101 dug in the ground near the fence form a circulation track for a trolley mounted on wheels 102 with lifting arm 103 carrying a rotary television camera 104. A tube forming a microwave wave guide 105 is disposed on the ground between grooves 101. It is pierced on its upper face with a network of rectangular openings for the passage of these waves. The carriage 102 comprises a chest with a microwave generator 105A, and on its underside a transmitting and receiving antenna and a location antenna, not shown. The hollow tube forming waveguide is connected by a coaxial cable, not shown, to a monitoring station 106. This includes a microwave generator 107, and a cabinet 108 receiving signals sent by the carriage camera, feeding a television screen 109 arranged opposite the supervisor. Levers 110, 111 allow the camera's orientation and height to be adjusted.

In the remote control installation shown in FIG. 10, a television camera 120 supplied with energy by a box 121 provides a video signal and a low frequency signal coming from a microphone (not shown). These signals are transmitted by a coaxial cable element 122 to a modulator 123 which generates a carrier wave of frequency close to 600 MHz.

The modulated carrier wave is mixed with that of a local oscillator of frequency 1850 MHz, which generates a resulting signal of frequency 2450 MHz. After amplification, this signal is transmitted by a short coaxial cable 124 to a slot antenna 125, arranged opposite the horizontal rectangular tube forming a waveguide 126, pierced with vertical slots 127. This waveguide is connected by an amplifier 128 and a coaxial cable 129 to the control station 130, disposed on the other side of a partition 131 separating it from the enclosure subjected to ionizing radiation.

The coaxial cable 129 terminates in a receiver 132, connected to a television screen 133.

Energy is supplied to the camera 120 arranged in the enclosure from the low-voltage box 121, to which it is connected by the cable 134.

In operation, the signal emitted by the antenna 125 induces a microwave signal in the waveguide tube 126. This signal is collected at the end of the waveguide by a transition element, which supplies the amplifier 128 connected to it. - even to a mixer placed inside the receiver 132. The amplification allows not to degrade the signal / noise ratio, because there can be a length of several meters between the amplifier and the receiver.

The mixer of the receiver 132 receives on one side a signal at 2450 MHz, on the other a signal from a local oscillator at 1850 MHz. It thus generates a signal at 600 MHz which is the image of the transmission signal. The signal is then demodulated, and gives at the output of the receiver a video signal and a low frequency signal, which are applied to the television screen 133.

Claims (15)

1 / Device for transmitting information and / or instructions with high bandwidth and / or location between a mobile element and a control station for this element, comprising a hollow tube (1) parallel to the path followed by the mobile element, forming waveguide, one emissive face of which is pierced with a network of openings (7) for the passage of electromagnetic microwave radiation, the mobile element being provided with at least one transmitting antenna and / or for receiving microwave waves (4, 5) disposed opposite the face of the tube pierced with a network of openings (7), the hollow tube being connected to at least one member for supplying microwave waves and to an organ for receiving microwave waves coming from it,
characterized in that the network of openings pierced in the emissive face of the hollow tube is such that it allows transmission between these openings and the transmit and / or receive antenna. 2 / Device according to claim 1, for transmission of information and / or instructions between a mobile element and a control station, characterized in that the openings (7) of the emissive face have a large dimension much greater than their perpendicular dimension, in that some of them (8) are perpendicular to the axis of the hollow tube and some others (9) oblique to this axis, arranged in a particular pattern corresponding to an appropriate coding, the openings ( 8) perpendicular to the axis transmitting an axial component (E _z ) conveying information and / or instructions, and the openings (9) oblique to the axis further transmitting a perpendicular component (E _y ) allowing knowledge by the moving element of its absolute position and of any other information linked to it, in particular its maximum authorized speed. 3 / Device according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the supply member of the hollow tube in microwave waves is a transmitter on two different frequencies, one corresponding to the exchange of information and / or instructions, the other providing significant amplitude fluctuations of the signals received by an antenna secured to the mobile element and remaining close to the face of the tube pierced with openings, so as to allow, by counting the number of openings, the location of the mobile element and measuring its speed. 4 / Device according to claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the tube is a hollow rail for supplying energy to a rail vehicle or a reaction plate of a propulsion system with linear motor. 5 / Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the internal faces of the hollow tube are provided with an electrolytic deposit of a metal good electrical conductor. 6 / Device according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the tube has a cross section in the form of H, so as to constitute an upper radiating waveguide (12) and a lower radiating waveguide (13) separated by a bottom (14), in that this bottom is pierced with a network of openings (15), in that the upper waveguide is provided with electrical short-circuits (16) forming couplers directives associated with a layer (17) of material absorbing microwave waves and allowing only the passage of microwave energy from the lower waveguide to the upper waveguide, dividing the latter into sections, in that the guide the lower wave is connected to a microwave power supply unit carrying information and / or instructions for all the moving elements, and in that the upper waveguide is connected to a wave power supply unit Microwaves carrying information and / or instructions to e t / or coming from the only mobile elements moving along the sections delimited by two successive electric short-circuits and the associated absorbent materials. 7 / Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the face of the tube pierced with a network of openings is made of a plastic material covered over a small thickness of a metallization in which is engraved the network d 'openings. 8 / Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at least on certain sections of the hollow tube the openings allowing the location of the mobile element and the measurement of its speed are separated by intervals such as a setpoint for the passage of the corresponding antenna of the mobile element at equal time intervals opposite these openings provides control of the speed of the movable member. 9 / Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, for test tracks of motor vehicles, characterized in that the hollow tube forming waveguide (24, 27, fig.4) is disposed along the test track, in that it is connected at one end to a first control station (30) provided with a microwave power supply member (31) on a first channel and to a transmitter (32) of transmission of data and interrogations on this channel, and in that it is connected at another end to another control station provided with a device for eliminating the signals transmitted on the first channel and with devices for reception and processing of microwave signals transmitted from a motor vehicle on a second channel. 10 / Apparatus according to claim 1, for transmission of information and / or instructions between at least one elevator and a control station (86, fig.8), characterized in that a hollow tube forming waveguide (83, 84, 85) associated with the elevator is arranged vertically in the elevator shaft, the latter being provided with at least one antenna for transmitting and / or receiving microwave waves arranged opposite the face of the tube pierced with a network of openings, and the hollow tube being connected to at least one organ for supplying microwave waves (87) and to a member for receiving microwave waves coming from it (88), all arranged two in the checkpoint. 11 / Apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that the elevator is provided with a surveillance camera (91, 92, 93) and a microphone (90) connected to an electronic microwave generator drawer (89) . 12 / enclosure monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a carriage (102, fig.9) circulating on rails arranged near the periphery of the enclosure (100), and carrying a surveillance camera (104), connected to a cabinet (105A) with electronic antenna for transmitting and receiving microwave frequencies, and a hollow tube forming waveguide (105) arranged parallel to the rails, facing the electronic antenna of the carriage, connected to a control station (106) comprising a member for supplying the hollow tube with microwave waves (107), and to a member (108) for receiving and processing microwave signals emitted by the electronic cabinet of the trolley. 13 / Device for transmitting information and / or instruction with high bandwidth between a road vehicle and a toll or control post (2, fig. 6) at the entrance to paid or controlled access lanes without stopping the vehicle, characterized in that it includes upstream of an access barrier (42) at least one track section (A) provided with a hollow tube (44, 47) forming a waveguide, in that this tube is connected to a control station (50) provided on the one hand with a link with a center for supplying and recording banking or authorization data (51), and on the other hand a member for controlling the opening of the access barrier (57). 14 / Apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that the hollow tube parallel to the track section allows the interrogation of the vehicle, the reception of identification data, the processing of this data by the control station (50), then validation of identification data and opening of the access barrier (57). 15 / Device for transmitting information between a television camera arranged in an enclosure not accessible to personnel without danger and a control station (130, fig. 10), characterized in that it comprises an electronic safe (123) with microwave transmission and reception antenna (125), connected to the camera, a hollow tube forming a waveguide (126) disposed opposite the transmission antenna, itself connected to the control station , comprising a member (132) for receiving and processing microwave signals emitted by the electronic safe and for transmitting the processed signals to a television screen (133).

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