EP0249740B1 - Using a copper alloy - Google Patents
Using a copper alloy Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0249740B1 EP0249740B1 EP87106904A EP87106904A EP0249740B1 EP 0249740 B1 EP0249740 B1 EP 0249740B1 EP 87106904 A EP87106904 A EP 87106904A EP 87106904 A EP87106904 A EP 87106904A EP 0249740 B1 EP0249740 B1 EP 0249740B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- alloy
- copper
- continuous casting
- nickel
- phosphorus
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QZLJNVMRJXHARQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Zr].[Cr].[Cu] Chemical compound [Zr].[Cr].[Cu] QZLJNVMRJXHARQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001096 P alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001093 Zr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JUWOETZNAMLKMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [P].[Ni].[Cu] Chemical compound [P].[Ni].[Cu] JUWOETZNAMLKMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004881 precipitation hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
- B22D11/059—Mould materials or platings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/06—Alloys based on copper with nickel or cobalt as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
Definitions
- the invention relates to the use of a copper alloy consisting of 0.2 to 1.2% nickel, 0.04 to 0.25% phosphorus, balance copper and manufacturing-related impurities for the mold wall of continuous casting molds.
- Copper predominantly of the SF-Cu type, has long been used as a material for the production of continuous casting molds for the continuous casting of refractory metals such as steel, which, due to its high thermal conductivity, can dissipate the heat from the melt very quickly.
- the wall thickness of the molds is chosen so large that it sufficiently meets the mechanical loads to be expected.
- the invention consists in the use of a copper alloy consisting of 0.2 to 1.2% nickel, 0.04 to 0.25% phosphorus, the rest copper and production-related impurities as a material for continuous casting molds.
- the nickel content is preferably 0.3 to 0.5% and the phosphorus content 0.06 to 0.1%, the ratio of nickel to phosphorus being between 3.5 and 7 to 1, preferably 5: 1.
- the material is characterized by particularly favorable mechanical and physical properties. It has a thermal conductivity that is around 80% of that of pure copper.
- the values for heat resistance, creep resistance and hot plasticity are also in an extremely favorable range for continuous casting molds.
- the Brinell hardness as a benchmark for abrasion resistance reaches values of over 100.
- Another essential requirement for continuous casting molds is high corrosion resistance, which is achieved by the copper-nickel-phosphorus alloy.
- the physical properties that are placed on a continuous casting mold are not only limited to the conductivity and tensile strength, but it also depends on properties that could not easily be derived from US Pat. No. 2,155,405. Since the melt in contact with the mold wall in the case of steel has a temperature of more than 1300 ° C - the melting point of copper or copper alloys is around 1100 ° , so a high thermal conductivity is of course important. However, since the mold wall can reach a temperature of up to 450 ° C, the heat resistance is of crucial importance, ie the sharp drop in strength has to be shifted to a temperature range that is above the operating temperature of the mold.
- the semi-hard temperature (recrystallization temperature) of the alloy used according to the invention is approximately 575 ° C.
- Another important property of materials for continuous casting molds is the warm plasticity, which is determined by the elongation at break. A high elongation at break together with a high level of heat resistance leads to a material for continuous casting molds which shows only slight signs of wear and does not tend to form cracks under the thermal stresses in the area of the bath level. Finally, creep behavior at higher temperatures is an essential measure of the freedom from distortion.
- a copper alloy with 0.43% nickel, 0.0801% phosphorus, the remainder copper and manufacturing-related impurities was shaped into a tube by extrusion after casting.
- the tube was then solution annealed at 700 ° C for one hour. After solution annealing, one sample was cold worked by 10% and another sample by 20%. Both samples were then cured at 450 ° C for eight hours.
- the alloy according to the teaching of the invention is less expensive to produce than a copper-chromium-zirconium alloy, since the solution annealing temperature is much lower than that of copper-chromium-zirconium and thus the risk of coarse grain formation and rejects is avoided.
- the alloy partners in the alloy according to the invention are much cheaper.
- the invention is of course not limited to the exemplary embodiment, but can also be used for the walls of molds of all kinds, with which molds can be made in half or full contours have metallic mold strands produced, for example tubular molds, block molds of all kinds, casting wheels, casting roll jackets, etc.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf die Verwendung einer Kupferlegierung, bestehend aus 0,2 bis 1,2 % Nickel, 0,04 bis 0,25 % Phosphor, Rest Kupfer und herstellungsbedingte Verunreinigungen für die Kokillenwandung von Stranggießkokillen.The invention relates to the use of a copper alloy consisting of 0.2 to 1.2% nickel, 0.04 to 0.25% phosphorus, balance copper and manufacturing-related impurities for the mold wall of continuous casting molds.
Als Werkstoff zur Herstellung von Stranggießkokillen zum Stranggießen von hochschmelzenden Metallen wie Stahl wird seit langem Kupfer, vorwiegend des Typs SF-Cu verwendet, welches aufgrund seiner hohen thermischen Leitfähigkeit sehr schnell die Wärme aus der Schmelze abzuleiten vermag. Die Wandstärke der Kokillen wird so groß gewählt, daß sie in ausreichender Weise den zu erwartenden mechanischen Beanspruchungen genügt.Copper, predominantly of the SF-Cu type, has long been used as a material for the production of continuous casting molds for the continuous casting of refractory metals such as steel, which, due to its high thermal conductivity, can dissipate the heat from the melt very quickly. The wall thickness of the molds is chosen so large that it sufficiently meets the mechanical loads to be expected.
Zur Erhöhung der Warmfestigkeit ist vorgeschlagen worden, Stranggießkokillen aus einer Legierung mit mindestens 85 % Kupfer und wenigstens einem weiteren eine Ausscheidungshärtung bewirkenden Legierungselement herzustellen. Als Legierungselemente werden bis zu 3 % Chrom, Silizium, Silber und Beryllium vorgeschlagen. Auch die aus diesem Werkstoff hergestellten Stranggießkokillen konnten noch nicht vollauf befriedigen, da insbesondere die Legierungskomponenten Silizium und Beryllium die thermische Leitfähigkeit stark herabsetzen (AT-PS 234 930).To increase the heat resistance, it has been proposed to produce continuous casting molds from an alloy with at least 85% copper and at least one further alloy element which effects precipitation hardening. Up to 3% chromium, silicon, silver and beryllium are proposed as alloying elements. Even the continuous casting molds made from this material have not yet been completely satisfactory, since the alloy components silicon and beryllium in particular greatly reduce the thermal conductivity (AT-PS 234 930).
Alle diese Lösungen haben als Werkstoffe für Stranggießkokillen noch nicht vollauf befriedigen können.All of these solutions have not yet been completely satisfactory as materials for continuous casting molds.
Dementsprechend besteht die Erfindung in der Verwendung einer Kupferlegierung, bestehend aus 0,2 bis 1,2 % Nickel, 0,04 bis 0,25 % Phosphor, Rest Kupfer und herstellungsbedingte Verunreinigungen als Werkstoff für Stranggießkokillen.Accordingly, the invention consists in the use of a copper alloy consisting of 0.2 to 1.2% nickel, 0.04 to 0.25% phosphorus, the rest copper and production-related impurities as a material for continuous casting molds.
Vorzugsweise beträgt der Nickelgehalt 0,3 bis 0,5 % und der Phosphorgehalt 0,06 bis 0,1 %, wobei das Verhältnis Nickel zu Phosphor zwischen 3,5 bis 7 zu 1 vorzugsweise 5:1 ist.The nickel content is preferably 0.3 to 0.5% and the phosphorus content 0.06 to 0.1%, the ratio of nickel to phosphorus being between 3.5 and 7 to 1, preferably 5: 1.
Der Werkstoff zeichnet sich durch besonders günstige mechanische und physikalische Eigenschaften aus. Er hat eine Wärmeleitfähigkeit, die bei ca. 80 % der des reinen Kupfers liegt. Die Werte für die Warmfestigkeit, Kriechfestigkeit und Warmplastizität liegen ebenfalls in einem für Stranggießkokillen äußerst günstigen Bereich. Die Brinellhärte als Maßstab für die Abriebfestigkeit erreicht Werte von über 100. Eine weitere wesentliche Anforderung bei Stranggießkokillen ist eine hohe Korrosionsbeständigkeit, die durch die Kupfer-Nickel-Phosphor-Legierung erreicht wird.The material is characterized by particularly favorable mechanical and physical properties. It has a thermal conductivity that is around 80% of that of pure copper. The values for heat resistance, creep resistance and hot plasticity are also in an extremely favorable range for continuous casting molds. The Brinell hardness as a benchmark for abrasion resistance reaches values of over 100. Another essential requirement for continuous casting molds is high corrosion resistance, which is achieved by the copper-nickel-phosphorus alloy.
Aus der US-PS 2 155 405 ist eine Kupferlegierung bekannt, die 0,25 bis 3 % Nickel, 0,05 bis 0,6 % Phosphor, Rest Kupfer enthält. Diese Legierung, die für elektrische Leiter verwendet werden soll, weist eine elektrische Leitfähigkeit von 67 % IACS auf und soll eine hohe Zugfestigkeit ausweisen.From US-PS 2 155 405 a copper alloy is known which contains 0.25 to 3% nickel, 0.05 to 0.6% phosphorus, the rest copper. This alloy, which is to be used for electrical conductors, has an electrical conductivity of 67% IACS and is said to have a high tensile strength.
Die physikalischen Eigenschaften, die an eine Stranggießkokille gestellt werden, beschränken sich nicht nur auf die Leitfähigkeit und Zugfestigkeit, sondern es kommt darüber hinaus auf Eigenschaften an, die nicht ohne weiteres aus der US-PS 2 155 405 herleitbar waren. Da die mit der Kokillenwandung in Berührung stehende Schmelze im Falle von Stahl eine Temperatur von mehr als 1300° C hat - der Schmelzpunkt von Kupfer bzw. Kupfelegierungen liegt bei ca. 1100° kommt es selbstredend auf ein hohes thermisches Leitvermögen an. Da die Kokillenwandung jedoch eine Temperatur von bis zu 450° C annehmen kann, ist die Warmfestigkeit von ganz entscheidender Bedeutung, d.h. der starke Abfall der Festigkeit muß in einen Temperaturbereich verschoben werden, der oberhalb der Gebrauchstemperatur der Kokille liegt. So liegt die Halbharttemperatur (Rekristallisationstemperatur) der erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Legierung bei ca. 575° C. Eine weitere wichtige Eigenschaft von Werkstoffen für Stranggießkokillen ist die Warmplastizität, die durch die Bruchdehnung bestimmt ist. Eine hohe Bruchdehnung gemeinsam mit einer hohen Warmfestigkeit führt zu einem Werkstoff für Stranggießkokillen, der nur geringe Verschleißerscheinungen aufweist und unter den thermischen Spannungen im Badspiegelbereich nicht zur Rißbildung neigt. Ein wesentliches Maß für die Verzugsfreiheit ist schließlich das Kriechverhalten bei höheren Temperaturen.The physical properties that are placed on a continuous casting mold are not only limited to the conductivity and tensile strength, but it also depends on properties that could not easily be derived from US Pat. No. 2,155,405. Since the melt in contact with the mold wall in the case of steel has a temperature of more than 1300 ° C - the melting point of copper or copper alloys is around 1100 ° , so a high thermal conductivity is of course important. However, since the mold wall can reach a temperature of up to 450 ° C, the heat resistance is of crucial importance, ie the sharp drop in strength has to be shifted to a temperature range that is above the operating temperature of the mold. The semi-hard temperature (recrystallization temperature) of the alloy used according to the invention is approximately 575 ° C. Another important property of materials for continuous casting molds is the warm plasticity, which is determined by the elongation at break. A high elongation at break together with a high level of heat resistance leads to a material for continuous casting molds which shows only slight signs of wear and does not tend to form cracks under the thermal stresses in the area of the bath level. Finally, creep behavior at higher temperatures is an essential measure of the freedom from distortion.
Da Stranggießkokillen üblicherweise mit Wasser von außen gekühlt werden, wird von dem Kokillenwerkstoff noch eine hohe Korrosionsbeständigkeit gefordert.Since continuous casting molds are usually cooled with water from the outside, the mold material still requires a high level of corrosion resistance.
Die Erfindung ist an Hand eines Ausführungsbespiels näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment.
Eine Kupferlegierung mit 0,43 % Nickel, 0,0801 % Phosphor, Rest Kupfer und herstellungsbedingte Verunreinigungen wurde nach dem Gießen zu einem Rohr durch Strangpressen verformt. Das Rohr wurde dann eine Stunde bei 700° C lösungsgeglüht. Nach dem Lösungsglühen wurde eine Probe um 10 % eine andere Probe um 20 % kalt verformt. Beide Proben wurden anschließend bei 450° C acht Stunden lang ausgehärtet.A copper alloy with 0.43% nickel, 0.0801% phosphorus, the remainder copper and manufacturing-related impurities was shaped into a tube by extrusion after casting. The tube was then solution annealed at 700 ° C for one hour. After solution annealing, one sample was cold worked by 10% and another sample by 20%. Both samples were then cured at 450 ° C for eight hours.
Der Vergleich der in den Tabellen A, B und C aufgeführten technologischen Werte zeigt eindeutig, daß die Legierung nach der Lehre der Erfindung dem bisher für Kokillen fast ausschließlich verwendeten Vergleichswerkstoff SF-Kupfer in allen Belangen weit überlegen ist.A comparison of the technological values listed in Tables A, B and C clearly shows that the alloy according to the teaching of the invention is far superior in all respects to the comparative material SF copper that has been used almost exclusively for molds.
Gegenüber dem Vergleichswerkstoff Kupfer-Chrom-Zirkon sind einige Eigenschaften schlechter zu bewerten jedoch ist die Legierung nach der Lehre der Erfindung kostengünstiger herstellbar als eine Kupfer-Chrom-Zirkon-Legierung, da die Lösungsglühtemperatur wesentlich niediger liegt als bei Kupfer-Chrom-Zirkon und somit die Gefahr von Grobkornbildung und Ausschuß vermieden wird. Darüberhinaus sind die Legierungspartner bei der erfindungsgemäßen Legierung wesentlich preisgünstiger.Compared to the comparison material copper-chromium-zircon, some properties are to be rated worse, however, the alloy according to the teaching of the invention is less expensive to produce than a copper-chromium-zirconium alloy, since the solution annealing temperature is much lower than that of copper-chromium-zirconium and thus the risk of coarse grain formation and rejects is avoided. In addition, the alloy partners in the alloy according to the invention are much cheaper.
Die Erfindung beschränkt sich selbstverständlich nicht nur auf das Ausführungsbeispiel, sondern läßt sich ebenso anwenden für die Wandung von Kokillen aller Art, mit denen sich in halb-oder vollkontinuierlicher Weise metallische Formstränge herstellen lassen, zum Beispiel Rohrkokillen, Blockkokillen aller Art, Gießräder, Gießwalzenmäntel, u.a..
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT87106904T ATE47543T1 (en) | 1986-06-20 | 1987-05-12 | USE OF A COPPER ALLOY. |
| IN479/CAL/87A IN168332B (en) | 1986-06-20 | 1987-06-19 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19863620655 DE3620655A1 (en) | 1986-06-20 | 1986-06-20 | Copper alloy for producing concast moulds |
| DE3620655 | 1986-06-20 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0249740A2 EP0249740A2 (en) | 1987-12-23 |
| EP0249740A3 EP0249740A3 (en) | 1988-04-20 |
| EP0249740B1 true EP0249740B1 (en) | 1989-10-25 |
Family
ID=6303308
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP87106904A Expired EP0249740B1 (en) | 1986-06-20 | 1987-05-12 | Using a copper alloy |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0249740B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2540161B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR920007884B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3760850D1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2011467B3 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI82893C (en) |
| MX (1) | MX170389B (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA874022B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR910004078B1 (en) * | 1987-08-31 | 1991-06-22 | 미쯔비시마테리알 가부시기가이샤 | Mold member and rapidly solidifying water looled rotary roll member kazuhiko tabei |
| FR2751990B1 (en) * | 1996-07-30 | 1998-10-02 | Griset Ets | COPPER-BASED ALLOY WITH HIGH ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY AND SOFTENING TEMPERATURE FOR ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS |
| DE10032627A1 (en) * | 2000-07-07 | 2002-01-17 | Km Europa Metal Ag | Use of a copper-nickel alloy |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2155408A (en) * | 1938-04-28 | 1939-04-25 | Chase Brass & Copper Co | Copper base alloys |
| US2155405A (en) * | 1938-04-28 | 1939-04-25 | Chase Brass & Copper Co | Electrical conductor |
| AT234930B (en) * | 1960-02-25 | 1964-07-27 | Boehler & Co Ag Geb | Continuous casting molds for the continuous casting of refractory metals such as iron and steel, which essentially consist of copper |
| JPS5818981B2 (en) * | 1980-06-06 | 1983-04-15 | 日本鉱業株式会社 | Copper alloy for lead material of semiconductor equipment |
| JPS58104148A (en) * | 1981-12-14 | 1983-06-21 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | Copper alloy for lead material of semiconductor apparatus |
| JPS60238432A (en) * | 1984-12-27 | 1985-11-27 | Mitsubishi Metal Corp | Cu alloy for continuous casting mold |
-
1987
- 1987-05-12 ES ES87106904T patent/ES2011467B3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-05-12 DE DE8787106904T patent/DE3760850D1/en not_active Expired
- 1987-05-12 EP EP87106904A patent/EP0249740B1/en not_active Expired
- 1987-05-26 FI FI872327A patent/FI82893C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-06-04 ZA ZA874022A patent/ZA874022B/en unknown
- 1987-06-16 MX MX006961A patent/MX170389B/en unknown
- 1987-06-19 JP JP62151551A patent/JP2540161B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-06-20 KR KR1019870006311A patent/KR920007884B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, Band 92, 1980, Seite 271, Zusammenfassungsnr. 133155a, Columbus, Ohio, US; T. USHIO et al.: "Mold for cntinuous casting"; JP - A - 79 124 831 (MISHIMA KOSAN) 28.09.1979 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS6324028A (en) | 1988-02-01 |
| MX170389B (en) | 1993-08-19 |
| ZA874022B (en) | 1987-12-04 |
| KR880000609A (en) | 1988-03-28 |
| EP0249740A2 (en) | 1987-12-23 |
| KR920007884B1 (en) | 1992-09-18 |
| JP2540161B2 (en) | 1996-10-02 |
| FI872327A (en) | 1987-12-21 |
| FI872327A0 (en) | 1987-05-26 |
| FI82893B (en) | 1991-01-31 |
| ES2011467B3 (en) | 1990-01-16 |
| EP0249740A3 (en) | 1988-04-20 |
| DE3760850D1 (en) | 1989-11-30 |
| FI82893C (en) | 1991-05-10 |
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