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EP0103788B1 - Method and apparatus for reading mark sheets - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for reading mark sheets Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0103788B1
EP0103788B1 EP83108573A EP83108573A EP0103788B1 EP 0103788 B1 EP0103788 B1 EP 0103788B1 EP 83108573 A EP83108573 A EP 83108573A EP 83108573 A EP83108573 A EP 83108573A EP 0103788 B1 EP0103788 B1 EP 0103788B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mark
skew
row
sheet
scan window
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83108573A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0103788A2 (en
EP0103788A3 (en
Inventor
Masuyoshi Kida
Min-Hsiung George Tung
Tatsuyuki Ushiroda
Anthony T. Cannistra
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
International Business Machines Corp
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International Business Machines Corp
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0103788A2 publication Critical patent/EP0103788A2/en
Publication of EP0103788A3 publication Critical patent/EP0103788A3/en
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Publication of EP0103788B1 publication Critical patent/EP0103788B1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/01—Details
    • G06K7/015—Aligning or centering of the sensing device with respect to the record carrier

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an apparatus and method for reading a mark sheet provided with plural mark rows, each of which includes a reference mark and a skew mark spaced a predetermined nominal distance from each other, both marks being bars parallel to each other and each of which mark rows further includes user mark regions, which apparatus reads said mark sheet by use of predetermined nominal scan window addresses which are related to said predetermined nominal distance.
  • the mark sheet designating the address and scanning line resolution of a document has been scanned by means of the optical detecting device of a facsimile apparatus before a document is scanned or read by the facsimile apparatus.
  • a plurality of mark writing regions, or user mark regions are arranged on a mark sheet in rows and columns, and the user is requested to mark regions by black color.
  • Said optical detecting device is, for example, a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) array in which a plurality of optical sensor elements are arranged in line.
  • the mark sheet is moved to traverse the optical detecting device so that the mark rows are sequentially scanned.
  • the mark sheet is illuminated with a light source, and the marks are detected by directing the reflected light to the optical detecting device through a lens.
  • this prior art cannot be applied to the reader to scan only user mark regions by giving addresses to optical sensor elements linearly arrayed in order from an end, and designating the addresses corresponding to the user mark regions, or the scan window addresses as in the present invention.
  • the width of the mark regions in the scanning line direction is normally specified to be narrow (e.g. 2 mm), and the scan window addresses must be aligned correctly against the user mark regions during reading the mark sheet.
  • the skew of the mark sheet changes while the mark sheet travels, the above alignment is lost and correct mark reading cannot be made.
  • the alignment problem cannot be solved because the skew of the mark sheet is detected only at the leading portion of the mark sheet and the scanning lines are selected equally for all the mark rows.
  • US-A-3 801 775 discloses an apparatus for reading data markings appearing in random position and oriented in at least one track. The data are scanned using a scan window determined from a point of position identification markings. The invention as characterized in the claims solves such problems.
  • the scan window addresses are provided to correspond to each user mark region in the mark row, and the marks are read by energizing only sensor elements of the scan window addresses.
  • the predetermined scan window address corresponding to the nominal user mark regions on the mark sheet is called the nominal scan window address.
  • the upper edge of the reference mark in the first mark row is detected and it is checked if the skew mark is detected on that scan line, which has detected the upper edge of the reference mark (called the reference scan line).
  • the direction of the skew of the mark sheet against the optical detecting device i.e., whether it is right side up or right side down, is determined. If the skew mark is present, the mark sheet is determined as skewed with right side up, and if the skew mark is not detected, the mark sheet is determined as skewed with right side down.
  • a group of scan lines for reading the first mark row and for determining the angle of skew is selected.
  • the group of scan lines only scans lines among a plurality of scan lines traversing the length of the mark region.
  • Said group of scan lines includes a scan line for detecting the distance between the left edge of the reference mark and the left edge of the skew mark and for reading the user mark regions, and a scan line for detecting the lower edge of the skew mark, orthe skew detecting mark, to find the angle of skew.
  • the allowable angle of skew on processing the first mark row is made smaller than the allowable angle of skew on processing the second and remaining mark rows.
  • the scan line for processing the first mark row is selected based on the reference scan line.
  • the presence or absence of the skew mark is detected by using scan lines in said group of scan lines.
  • the scan lines are selected to judge excess skew beyond said allowable angle of skew unless the scan lines detect the presence of the skew mark.
  • the distance between the left edge of the reference mark and the left edge of the skew mark is determined. This indicates the distance between both marks actually projected on the optical detecting device from the mark sheet; and if deviation is caused by error in mounting of the lens due to shock after adjustment, or other reasons, the distance is slightly enlarged or reduced due to the deviation.
  • the reference distance or the nominal distance between both mark regions when the lens is adjusted at the proper position can also be obtained from the reference mark and skew mark scan window addresses among said nominal scan window addresses.
  • the nominal scan window addresses are corrected so that the difference becomes zero. This correction is made by entirely correcting the nominal scan window addresses by said difference in distances.
  • the addresses thus obtained are called actual scan window addresses.
  • the signals are sampled from the scan signals on the user mark regions by using the actual scan window address to read the mark.
  • a mark pattern or other identification which indicates that this sheet is the mark sheet may be printed.
  • the direction of skew of the mark sheet was detected based upon whether or not the skew mark was detected on the reference scan line which detected the upper edge of the reference mark of the first row.
  • the degree of skew is determined by checking the relative positional relation (up and down) between the reference and skew marks.
  • the relative position of the lower or upper edge of the skew mark to the reference mark is obtained by scan lines in the group in accordance with the skew direction, i.e., the right side up or right side down. For example, if the skew direction is right side up, the lower edge of the skew mark is offset in the move direction of the mark sheet with respect to the optical sensors, or the scan line. Therefore, the skew angle is detected based upon which scan line detected the lower edge of the skew mark.
  • a group of scan lines is selected according to the direction and angle of skew of the mark sheet detected when the first mark row was processed.
  • This group of scan lines includes scan lines for detecting the upper and left edges of the reference mark, scan lines for reading the user mark regions, and scan lines for detecting the direction and angle of skew of the mark sheet.
  • the processing operation for the second mark row using said group of scan lines includes the detection of the reference mark and the detection of the skew mark.
  • the position of the left edge of the reference mark is detected, and this detected position is compared with the position of the left edge of the reference mark in the first mark row.
  • the result "Not Equal” of the comparison indicates that the mark sheet has been shifted in the direction of the mark row due to change of skew of the mark sheet against the optical sensor in the period between the process of the first mark row and the process of the second mark row.
  • the actual scan window address for the first mark row is corrected or adjusted by shifting by the difference found in said comparison, so that the actual scan window address for reading the second mark row is formed.
  • the mark is read by sampling the signals from the scan signals over the user mark regions.
  • the direction and angle of skew of the mark sheet during the reading of the second mark row is detected.
  • a new group of scan lines for the third mark row is selected according to the direction and angle of skew detected during the process of scanning the second mark line.
  • This group of scan lines like the group of scan lines used for processing the second mark line, includes can lines for detecting the upper and left edges of the reference mark scan lines for reading the user marks, and scan lines for detecting the direction and angle of skew of the mark sheet.
  • the same process as that for the second mark row is carried out.
  • a new group of scan lines for the fourth mark row is selected based upon the direction and angle of skew detected at the process of the third mark row. Each time a mark row is read, the direction and angle of skew of the line is measured, and based upon this measurement, a group of scan lines for reading the next mark row is selected. So much for the principle of operation.
  • Figs. 1A and 1B show schematically the circuit configuration for the read operation according to this invention.
  • Fig. 2 shows schematically the mark sheet 102 of this invention, and
  • Figs. 3A, 3B and 3C show that the mark sheet 102 travels on the mark sheet path 105 without skew, right side up and right side down against the optical detecting device 104, respectively.
  • the optical detecting device 104 has a plurality of (e:g. 1680) sensor elements, and is shown in a block 103 together with an A/D converter 106 and a register 107. Details of the A/D converter 106 and the register 107 are not described because these are well known in this field.
  • Digital image data detected by the block 103 are transmitted to two parts of the circuit. One part includes a data compression device 121 and a buffer register 122.
  • the block 103 reads two kinds of sheets, i.e., the mark sheet and the document sheet to be transmitted. The digital image data of the transmitted document sheet are supplied to the above part and compressed, and fed to the transmission line through the transmission adapter (not shown in the drawing).
  • the other part is the part to process the mark sheet according to this invention, and includes a reference mark detection circuit 108, a skew mark detection circuit 109, a compensation device 111, a control device 100, a buffer register 119, a mark process device 127 and a scan window address storage device 117.
  • the control device 100 has a decode/control circuit 100A, which controls all the circuits. This device 100A functions as a CPU.
  • An operator control panel (130) and scan drive circuit 125 are also included.
  • the scan drive circuit 125 is provided for driving the scan mechanism.
  • the mark process circuit 127 samples the corresponding signals to the address from the scan signals of the user mark region from the buffer register 119 based upon the scan window addresses given under the control of the control device 100, and judges black and white levels, to read the mark region.
  • the control device 100 has a memory 101, in which nominal scan window addresses, the initialization program, the reference pattern of marks, the mark row read table, and the nominal distance between the reference mark and the skew mark are stored.
  • the mark sheet 102 has short edges 102D and long edges 102E; the short edges of the mark sheet have a length of 210 mm.
  • rectangular mark regions of the same size i.e., reference mark regions 102A1, 102A2, 102A3,..., skew mark regions 102B1, 102B2, 10283,..., and user mark regions 102C1, 102C2, 102C3,... are arranged in rows and columns.
  • the left edges of the reference mark regions 102A1, 102A2, 102A3, ... are arranged on a line parallel to the left edge of the mark sheet 102, and the left edges of the skew mark regions 102B1, 102B2, 102B3,...
  • the arrow 102F shows the feed direction of the mark sheet.
  • Thirty-five user mark regions are provided for one mark row.
  • the distance between the left edge of the mark sheet and the center of the reference mark is 15 mm, and the width of the mark region is 2 mm which is defined by the distance of 1 mm from the center of the reference mark.
  • the widths of the user mark regions and the skew mark regions are also 2 mm.
  • the distance between the centers of each mark is 5 mm.
  • the length of each mark region is 7 mm.
  • the total number of the sensor elements are 1 680, and addresses are assigned to them from the left in order as 0,1, 2,..., 1679.
  • the sensor element of address 0 is aligned with the reference edge on guide 105B of the mark sheet path 105. Therefore, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3A, when the left edge of the mark sheet 102 is positioned at the reference edge 105B of the mark sheet path 105, the reference mark region is defined by addresses 112-127, first user mark region following to the reference mark region is defined as addresses 152-167, the 35th user mark region is specified as addresses 1512-1527, and the skew mark region is specified as addresses 1552-1567.
  • the reference mark region, the skew mark region and some user mark regions are printed at shipment in black for the entire width of 2 mm.
  • the frame of the user mark regions are printed in a color, e.g. blue, which cannot be sensed by the optical detecting device, and the user is requested to mark in black in this frame.
  • the width of markings made by the user might be therefore narrower than 2 mm, it is assumed to be 2 mm in this description for convenience.
  • the addresses of the above mark regions are said nominal scan window addresses, which indicate the addresses for causing said optical detecting device to read each mark region correctly in the case that the optical system is adjusted as specified, and the mark sheet is positioned properly on the mark sheet path.
  • initialization can be made by the operator by energizing a suitable operation starting button or switch (not shown in the drawing) on the control panel 130.
  • the decoder control device 100A responds to this activation and reads the initialization program routine in the memory 101 to perform the initialization. Then, the nominal scan window addresses in the memory 101 are stored into the scan window address memory 117.
  • Table pointer 1 of the "mark row read start table" among a plurality of mark row read tables in the memory 101 is stored in the main skew register 100B.
  • the above mark row read tables are described here. These tables consist of three tables used in the process of the first mark row and eight tables used in the process of the other mark rows. As shown in Table 1, each table has a table pointer to address them. Each table also has information for selecting said group of scan lines and information for accompanying operation.
  • the three tables for the first mark row consist of a mark row read start table of the first mark row (Table 2), and the first mark row process tables (Tables 3 and 4) selected depending on the skew direction of the mark sheet detected in the processing procedure of the mark row read start table.
  • One of the eight tables (Tables 5 through 12) for the remaining mark rows is selected depending on the direction and angle of skew of the mark sheet detected according to the processing procedures of Tables 3 and 4.
  • Table 1 indicates the contents and table pointers of these eleven tables, numbers of reference tables and reference drawings.
  • Table 1 shows process operations according to Tables 2, 3 and 4, which are shown by flow charts in Figs. 4A, 4B, 6, 7Athrough 7C, and 8A through 8C. Processes according to Table 11 through 18 are schematically shown in Figs. 4C through 4J.
  • Processing operation is carried out according to the content of the mark row read start table (shown in Table 2) selected in the above initialization.
  • the processing operation of Table 2 is shown in the flow sheet in Fig. 6, and also in the upper parts of Figs. 4A and 4B.
  • Figs. 4A and 4B also shows the selection of scanning lines for the mark sheet.
  • the symbol “AD” indicates the operation to compensate the variation of the distance between the reference edge of the sheet path and the left edge of the reference mark of the mark sheet due to the skew of the mark sheet
  • the symbol “SWPF” indicates the operation to obtain the count of PELs in each of all mark regions by scanning all the mark regions in a mark row
  • the symbol “THRES” indicates the operation for comparing the count of PELs of each of the mark regions with the threshold value and for storing the results of comparison, i.e., "mark absent” or "mark present”.
  • SWPL indicates the operation for scanning the user mark regions 1-18 in the left half of the mark row, and to obtain the count of PELs in each region
  • SWPR indicates the operation for scanning user mark regions 19-36 in the right half of the mark row, and to obtain the count of PELs in each region.
  • a certain search region of the mark sheet in which the reference mark region should be present is specified, and the presence or absence of black PELs is checked in the search region.
  • the output of the optical detecting device 104 is transmitted to the reference mark detecting circuit 108 through the A/D converter circuit 106 and the register 107.
  • the black region is decided to be the reference mark, the address of the left edge of the reference mark is stored in the sub-reference XS register 108A on Fig. 1A, and the address of the upper edge is stored in the sub-reference YU register 108B.
  • This left edge address is the address of the optical sensor element which detected the black region, and the upper edge address is obtained by checking how many scanning lines are present from the edge of the mark sheet to the scanning line which detected the black region.
  • the scanning line which detected the upper edge of the reference mark is the reference scanning line as described before.
  • the block 604 on Fig. 6 is further described. If the skew mark is present, the skew of the mark sheet 102 is judged as right side up (block 605 and Fig. 4A), and the table pointer 2 is stored in the sub-skew register 1001 and the process shown in Table 3 is continued (block 606). If the skew mark is not found, the skew of the mark sheet 102 is judged as right side down (block 607 and Fig. 4B), and the table pointer 3 is stored in the sub-skew register 1001, and the process shown in Table 4 is continued (block 608).
  • the control device 100 reads the Table 3 (Figs. 7A through 7C), and operates as follows: Referring to Fig. 4A, the 52nd scan line from the reference scanning lines is selected (block 701). Then, it is determined if the skew mark has been detected by the 52nd scan line (block 702). If the skew mark is not detected, this sheet is judged as NOT MARK SHEET (block 703), and the operation is ended.
  • the skew mark detection circuit 109 If the skew mark is detected on the reference scan line, the skew mark detection circuit 109 generates the address signal of the first black region of the skew mark, or detects the position of the left edge of the black region, and stores it in the sub-skew XS register 109A (block 704).
  • the nominal scan window address in the storage device 101 on Fig. 1B is stored in the scan window address storage device 117 on Fig. 1A, and the nominal distance between the reference and skew marks in said storage device 101 is supplied to the compare circuit 112 of the compensation device 111 on Fig. 1A as the reference value.
  • the reference mark detection circuit 108 In the case the optical system is kept correctly adjusted and no deviation is produced, and the mark sheet is a nominal one, the reference mark detection circuit 108 generates the address 112, shown in Fig. 2, and the skew mark detection circuit 109 generates address 1552. However, if the characteristics of the optical system deviate from the nominal value due to physical shock or other influences, the width of the image visible to the detecting array 104 may be enlarged or reduced according to the deviation even if the standard or nominal mark sheet is used. Therefore, the address output of both detection circuits 108 and 109 (Fig. 1) indicates the actual distance between the left edge of the reference mark and the left edge of the skew mark. This actual distance is larger or smaller than said nominal distance according to the deviation of the optical system.
  • Said both address signals detected are supplied to the compare circuit 112 of the compensation device 111 (Fig. 1).
  • the nominal distance 1440 (5mmx36x8) between the reference and skew marks is given to the compare circuit 112 from the storage device 101 as the nominal value.
  • Said nominal distance indicates the nominal distance between the left edge of the reference mark and the left edge of the skew mark.
  • the compare circuit 112 compares said nominal distance with the distance actually detected and outputs the distance difference signal ⁇ x o , due to the deviation of the optical system. From the compare circuit 112, only signal ⁇ x o and the signal indicating its sign are generated.
  • the compensation circuit 111 corrects said nominal scan window address stored in the scan window address storage device 117 and produces an actual scan window address (block 707).
  • the distance difference Ax o from the compare circuit 112 is supplied to the pitch select circuit 113.
  • the signal indicating the sign of Ax o is supplied to an output of the address update/control circuit 116 through the line 112A.
  • This circuit 113 selects the pitch for the pitch accumulator 114 according to the distance difference Ax o .
  • the pitch accumulator 114 adds said pitch to the accumulator each time a clock pulse is impressed, and when the threshold is reached, the accumulator outputs the signal 1 on the output line 114A.
  • the shift accumulator 115 increases the stored value from 0 by 1 in order each time the signal 1 is supplied on the output line 114A.
  • the output of the shift accumulator 115 is supplied to the address update/control circuit 116.
  • This address correction is described referring to Fig. 5.
  • the clock pulse source 118 generates clock pulses corresponding to the number of marks, 37.
  • the pitch accumulator 114 increments by 4 for each clock pulse, and when the 16th clock pulse is impressed, the accumulator reaches the end value, 128, and produces an output by which the shift accumulator 115 stores 1, which is impressed to the address update/control circuit 116.
  • This address update/control circuit 116 sequentially reads the nominal scan window addresses in the scan window address storage device 117 in order, each time a clock pulse is impressed, and modifies it if required. That is, for clock pulse 1, the circuit reads the nominal scan window address of the reference mark which is the first mark, and for clock pulse 2, the circuit reads the address, 152 of the first user mark region, or the second mark region.
  • This circuit 116 modifies the address read by the number which is given by the shift accumulator 115, and rewrites the address into the scan window address storage circuit 117.
  • ⁇ x 0 1
  • the content of the shift accumulator 115 is 0 until the timing pulse #16 (the 16th mark region) is supplied, and therefore, the scan window addresses up to the 16th mark region are not modified.
  • the output of the shift accumulator 115 becomes 1 and, consequently, the nominal scan window addresses after 17th timing pulse is increased by 1.
  • the scan window addresses for the required mark regions of the mark address storage circuit 117 are modified.
  • the nominal scan window addresses for the 11th through 28th mark regions are increased by 1, and the nominal scan window addresses for the regions after the 29th mark region are increased by 2.
  • the nominal scan window addresses in the mark address storage circuit 117 is modified so as to compensate the deviation of the optical system.
  • These new addresses are actual scan window addresses.
  • the compare circuit 112 produces the sign of the distance difference Ax o , + or - signals, and transmits it to the address update/control circuit 116.
  • the + signal shows enlargement and the - signal shows reduction.
  • the device 116 corrects nominal scan window addresses of the mark regions according to the enlargement or the reduction and to the degree of deviation, and provides the corrected addresses to the scan window address storage device 117.
  • the decoder control device 100A scans the register 119 by using actual scan window addresses, and the image data, mark patterns and mark row number fields, of all of 37 mark regions are stored in the register 100F (block 708, and block 709 on Fig. 7B).
  • the data stored in this register 100F represents the mark patterns on the mark sheet.
  • the 80th scan line is selected (block 710 on Fig. 7B). Then the presence of the skew mark on this scan line is checked (block 711). If the skew mark is detected, the first skew flag register 100D of the control device on Fig. 1 B is set to 1, and if the skew mark is not detected, this first skew flag register 100D is reset to 0 (blocks 713 and 712). Next, the 88th scan line is selected (block 714). It is checked, whether or not the scan line has detected the skew mark. If the skew mark is detected, the second skew flag register 100E is set to 1.
  • this second skew flag register 100E is reset to 0 (blocks 715, 716 and 717).
  • block 718 in Fig. 7C the equality of the mark pattern of the mark sheet stored in said register 100F with the reference pattern is checked.
  • This reference mark pattern has been fetched from the storage device 101 to the register 100G under the control of the decoder control device 100A, and the contents of the registers 100B and 100G are checked. If both mark patterns are not equal, this sheet is judged as NOT MARK SHEET or the mark sheet has been fed reversely, and the mark sheet processing operation is ended (block 719).
  • the block 103 on Fig. 1A supplies the digital image data of all the addresses of the sheet from the top to the sheet, to the data compression device 121 irrespective to whether the sheet being read is a mark sheet or a document sheet and data compression is made.
  • the compressed data are stored in the buffer register 122.
  • the first sheet is the mark sheet. Therefore, if the sheet being read is judged as NOT MARK SHEET, the compressed data in said buffer register 122 are ignored and are not transmitted, and the register is reset.
  • the image data of all the addresses from the start of reading the document sheet are transmitted to the data compression device 121, the compressed data are stored in the buffer register 122, and the decision operation of said block 718 is made in parallel. Since the read document sheet pattern does not become equal to the reference mark pattern in block 718, the process operation for the mark sheet is ended (block 719), and the sheet being read is judged as a document sheet, and the transmission of the compressed data in said buffer register 122 is started.
  • the decoder control device 100A in Fig. 1B does not transmit the data from the register 122 when the first sheet reaches the block 719, and allows the transmission of the compressed data from said buffer register 122 when the sheet is the second sheet and the following sheets reach the block 719.
  • the mark of the mark sheet which has been sensed is checked by the mark process device 127 in Fig. 1B to determine "mark present" or "mark absent", and data indicating the result is supplied from this mark process device 127 to the transmission line through the transmission adaptor (not shown in the drawing).
  • the mark pattern which indicates that the sheet is the mark sheet could be specified by defining that some of the 35 mark regions in the first mark row are black. For example, it can be specified that the sheet is a mark sheet if the 4th, 5th, 8th, 12th, 13th, 16th, 17th, 20th, 21st, 28th, 29th, 32nd and 33rd mark regions are black.
  • the description of the first mark row is supplemented.
  • the 1 st to 23rd mark regions could be used as the field for the mark patterns
  • the 24th to 28th mark regions could be used as the type field
  • the 29th to 33rd mark regions could be used as the count field to verify the number of mark rows.
  • the 28th mark region in the type field is used to identify whether this mark sheet is the first or the second when two mark sheets are successively scanned prior to the document sheets to be transmitted.
  • mark sheets are used as partitions between document sheets it is necessary, when two mark sheets are successively scanned, to distinguish the first mark sheet, which serves as the partition, from the other mark sheet which does not serve as the partition. Therefore, the above identification is made.
  • the sheet is judged as the first mark sheet, and when the 29th mark region is marked in black, the sheet is judged as the second mark sheet. Therefore, block 720 is for extracting data for identification.
  • the type field is stored in the fixed position of the storage device from the register 100F.
  • the data of the verification count field of the 29th to 33rd mark regions of the first mark row is extracted. This field indicates the number of user mark rows from the second mark rows in this mark sheet.
  • the contents of first and second skew flag register 100D and 100E are checked. If the data in both registers is 00 or 01, the mark sheet process procedure is terminated since the mark sheet skews excessively or the center portion of the skew mark is left (block 723).
  • the skew is judged as +0.8° to +1.2° right side up (block 725), and if it is 11, the skew is judged as 0° to +0.8° right side up, and the result is stored in the sub skew register 1001 with table pointers in Table 1 described above. Then, the second mark row is processed.
  • Figs. 8A through 8C and 4B show operations according to the content of this table.
  • block 801 on Fig. 8A the 20th scan line is selected. Then, whether the 20th scan line has detected the first skew mark is checked (block 802). If the first skew mark is not found, the first skew flag register 100D is reset (block 803).
  • the first skew flag register 100D is set to 1 (block 804).
  • the 28th scan line is selected (block 805). Whether this scan line has detected the first skew mark is checked (block 806). If the first skew mark is not found, the second skew flag register 100E is reset (block 807), and if the first skew mark is found, this register 100E is set to 1 (block 808). Then, the 52nd scan line is selected (block 809).
  • block 810 in Fig. 8B whether this scan line has detected the first skew mark is checked. If the first skew mark is not found, the sheet is judged as NOT MARK SHEET and the operation is ended (block 811). If the first skew mark is found, the operations of blocks 810 through 817 are executed. Since this is the same as blocks 702 through 707 on Fig. 7A, a description seems superfluous.
  • the values of the first and second skew flag registers 1 OOD and 100E are checked. If the value is 00 or 10, the operation is ended with alarm, etc. When the value is 10, it shows the error that a skew mark is left white due to misprinting, so that the misprinted sheets are removed. When the value is 01 or 11, the value is rechecked (block 820). If it is 01, the skew of the mark sheet is judged to be right side down in the range of -0.8° to -1.2°, and if it is 11, the skew is judged as -0° to -0.8° right side down (blocks 821 and 822).
  • the result is stored in the sub skew register 1001. It is noted, in blocks 722 through 726 in Fig. 7C showing the process operation of Table 3 and blocks 818 through 822 in Fig. 8C showing the process operation of Table 4, that a new table pointer of the table for processing the second mark row is selected and .stored in the sub skew register 1001. The selection of this new table pointer is made by the decoder control device 100A based upon the table pointer of the preceding tables in the main skew register 100B and the data of the first and second skew flag registers 100D and 100E.
  • the type field of the first mark row was checked to find that the mark sheet is the first or second mark sheet, and the number of mark rows contained in this mark sheet, which is indicated by the verification count data, was decoded. Therefore, the second mark row, or the user mark row will next be processed.
  • one of eight skew range tables is selected according to the skew range detected in the process of the first mark row. Operations common to the eight tables are as follows:
  • skew ranges i.e. four ranges for right side up skew and four ranges for right side down skew are established for the second and remaining mark rows.
  • a mark sheet skewed only within four skew ranges is continued to process. Namely, mark sheets within the ranges of 0° to +0.8°, right side up, +0.8° to 1.2°, right side up, 0° to -0.8°, right side down and -0.8° to -1.2°, right side down, are allowed, and mark sheets having a larger skew than the above ranges are eliminated as excessively skewed sheets and their processing is discontinued.
  • the angle of skew may be increased while the mark sheets are fed, and the process of the mark sheets may have to be stopped if the skew of the mark sheet against the detecting array is large from the beginning (e.g., if the skew is within the ranges of 1.2° to 2.0° right side up or right side down).
  • the skew range table of this 0° to +0.8° is selected by the table pointer 15 to show this range for the scan of the second mark row. Then, the scanning line for the next mark row is selected according to the skew range of the preceding mark row.
  • the table pointer 15 is stored in the sub skew register 1001.
  • the corresponding table i.e., the table for processing 0° to +8°, right side up (Table 9) is read by the decoder control device 100A through the register 100G and the address device 100M, and the operation is controlled by the table.
  • the reference mark is detected (block 1001). This will be described later referring to Fig. 12.
  • the address of the left edge of the reference mark is stored in the sub reference XS register 108A in Fig. 1, and the address of the scan line which found this reference mark first, i.e., the reference scan line, is stored in the sub reference YU register 108B in Fig. 1A (block 1002).
  • the skew mark was detected is checked. If the result is "no", the amount of skew range shift is set to -1 (block 1004).
  • the actual scan window address of the preceding mark row is updated.
  • the detected address of the left edge of the reference mark is supplied to the compare circuit 112 in Fig. 1, and this address is compared with the address in the main reference XS register 100H. Note that the address of the left edge of the reference mark on the preceding mark row has been stored in the main reference XS register 100H as described before.
  • the compare circuit 112 generates an output Ox s .
  • the output Ax o is not generated.
  • This output Ox s and the signal indicating its sign are supplied to the address update/control device 116 through the line 112B, and this device 116 shifts the actual scan window address of the preceding mark row stored in the scan window address storage device 117 in accordance with the amount and direction of modification of the left edge of the reference mark, and creates the actual scan window address for this mark row.
  • the mark regions in the second mark row are scanned by the actual scan window addresses which have been compensated, or modified, for both the actual scan window address, or the deviation of the optical system and the variation of the mark sheet in the direction of the mark row due to skew.
  • the accuracy of reading the mark regions is improved.
  • the next scan line 8 is selected, and it is determined if the skew mark was detected on this scan line. If it is not detected, this is judged as error and the operation is ended (block 1008).
  • block 1007 when the skew mark is detected, all the mark regions are checked whether they have marks or not (block 1009).
  • the scan line 20 is selected (block 1010 on Fig. 10B), and it is detected of the skew mark was detected (block 1011); and if it is not detected, the operation is ended (block 1012).
  • the number of PELs in each mark in all the mark regions is counted (block 1013), this count is added to the count of the scanning line 8 and the sum is compared with the threshold, and the result is stored as the mark detection signal, which is supplied to the mark process device 127 (block 1014).
  • the scan line 32 is selected (block 1015), and whether the skew mark was detected is checked (block 1016), and if it is not detected, the skew range shift is set to +1.
  • the process of the second mark row is completed, and the next user mark row, or the third mark row, is processed (block 1018).
  • the skew range shift designates how much the table pointer of the skew range in the preceding mark row is to be modified.
  • Figs. 10A and 10B show only the table of 0° to +0.8° right side up (Table 15), one of the eight skew ranges. Since the operations for other seven skew range tables are obvious from Tables 5 through 8, Tables 10 through 12, and the operational diagrams on Fig. 4, these are not described.
  • the compensation for the shift of the reference mark which might be caused by the shift of the mark sheet due to the skew or other reasons, i.e., the modification of the actual scan window address, which is made according to Table 9 described above, is also made for the process operations of the other seven skew range tables.
  • the skew range control device 100L in the control circuit 100 in Fig. 1 B sets the new skew range for the process of the next mark row.
  • This circuit 100L is operated only when second and succeeding mark rows, i.e., the user mark rows are processed.
  • the control circuit 100L comprises two AND circuits 150 and 151, an OR circuit 153 to which the outputs of the AND circuits are applied, a compare circuit 154 to which the output line of the OR circuit 153 is applied, and an arithmetic circuit 156 to which the output line from the compare circuit 154 is applied.
  • the inputs to these AND circuits 150 and 151 are connected to the skew mark detection circuit 109 and the decoder control circuit 100A, respectively.
  • the input of the control value register 155 is connected to the decoder control circuit 100A.
  • the other two inputs to the compare circuit 154 are connected to the main skew register 100B and the sub skew register 1001, respectively.
  • the other two inputs of the arithmetic circuit 156 are also connected to the output of the control value register 155 and the output of the sub skew register 1001, respectively.
  • the output of the compare circuit 154 is connected to the error handling circuit 100J.
  • a signal is produced in accordance with the set condition of said not-found flag.
  • the signal on the line 151A is in the up level.
  • the skew mark detection circuit 109 produces the signal of the up level on the line 150B, when it detects the skew mark.
  • the circuit 109 produces the up level signal on the line 151 B when it does not detect the skew mark.
  • the control values as shown in the blocks 1003, 1007, 1011 and 1016 in Figs. 10A and 10B, have also been stored in the table together with said flags, and are stored into the control value register 155 from the decoder control circuit 100A through the line 155A according to the progress of operations.
  • the up level signal on the output line 153A or this OR circuit 153 is the signal for triggering the compare operation of the compare circuit 154, and in this case, the compare circuit 154 compares the content of the main skew register 100B with the content of the sub skew register 1001.
  • the compare circuit 154 produces a signal for energizing the arithmetic circuit 156 on the line 154D among the lines 154C and 154D.
  • the arithmetic circuit 156 adds the content, i.e. 15, of the sub skew register 1001 to the control value, i.e. -1, in the control value register 155, and stores the resultant value 14 into the sub skew register 1001.
  • the table pointer indicating the skew range has been changed from 15 to 14, at this time.
  • the line 150B is in up level, but since the line 150A is in down level, the AND circuit 150 is not conditioned, and the AND circuit 151 is also not conditioned because its input 151B is in down level. Therefore, both AND circuits 150 and 151 do not generate an up level signal, and consequently, the OR circuit 153 does not output the compare circuit trigger signal, and the operation is ended, the range, or the table pointer, is not altered, and the operation proceeds from block 1005 to block 1007 on Fig. 10A.
  • the line 150A is set to the down level, the line 150A is set to the up level, and the control value register 155 is set to the error value "80".
  • the line 151 B is in up level and the line 150B is in down level.
  • the found flag line 150A is set to the down level, the not-found flag line 151A is set to the up level, and the error value "80" is stored in the control value register 155. Therefore, the output line 151C of the AND circuit 151 becomes the up level and the compare circuit trigger signal is applied to the compare circuit 154 through the OR circuit 153.
  • the compare circuit 154 Since these values are not equal to each other, the compare circuit 154 generates the up level signal only on its output line 154C, and indicates the occurrence of error to the error handling circuit 100J for the necessary measures such as the energizing of the error indicator lamp and the discharge of mark sheets, etc.
  • the found flag line 150A is set to the down level, and the not-found line 151A is set to the up level.
  • the line 151B is in up level, and the AND circuit 151 is conditioned and produces the compare circuit trigger signal through the OR circuit 153. Since the skew range value, or the table pointer, in the main skew register 100B is 15, while the value in the sub skew register 1001 is 14, the compare circuit 154 produces the up level signal on the line 154C, and energizes the error handling circuit 100J on Fig. 1B.
  • the not-found flag line 151A is set to the up level and the found flag line 150A is set to the down level.
  • the control value register 155 is settothevalue +1. Iftheskew mark is not detected, the output line 151B is in the up level, and the AND circuit 151 is conditioned and produces the compare circuit trigger signal through the OR circuit 153. Thereby, the compare circuit 154 compares the contents of the sub skew register 1001 (skew range value, or the table pointer 14) and the main skew register 100B (skew range value, or the table pointer 15).
  • the compare circuit 154 outputs the up level signal on the output line 154C, and energizes the error handling circuit. If the skew mark is detected, the up level signal is produced on the line 150B, and the down level signal is produced on the line 151B, both AND circuits 150 and 151 are not conditioned, and therefore, the further operations are continued, and the skew range value, or the table pointer, in the sub skew register 1001 is maintained at 14.
  • the content of the sub skew register 1001 is written into the main skew register 100B, and using this skew range, or the table pointer 14, newly set, the table 8 for processing the next mark row is selected.
  • This new table 8 is for 0° to -8° (right side down).
  • the position of the left edge of the reference mark is compared with the position of the left edge of the reference mark on the preceding mark row, and the actual scan window address in the mark address storage device is corrected, and the mark on the present mark row is read according to this actual scan window address.
  • the deviation of the optical system is detected in the first mark row of the mark sheet, and the nominal scan window address is first updated to set the actual scan window address, and in each of following mark rows, the actual scan window address for the mark row is set according to the shift of the position of the left edge of the reference mark due to the skew of the mark sheet, and the mark on this mark row is read using this address.
  • Fig. 11B shows the operation of the compare circuit 154 and the arithmetic circuit 156 shown in Fig. 11A.
  • the OR circuit 153 on Fig. 11A outputs the compare circuit trigger signal
  • the skew range value, or the table pointer, in the main skew register 100B is compared with the skew range value, or the table pointer, in the sub skew register 1001, and if these are not equal, the operation proceeds to ERROR of block 1105. If these values are equal, the skew range value, or the table pointer, in the sub skew register 1001 is added to the control value in the control value register 155, and the result is again stored in the register 1001.
  • the arithmetic circuit 156 checks the content of the sub skew register 1001, and if the result is YES, the operation proceeds to block 1105, and if it is NO, the operation proceeds to block 1104.
  • the value 19 (hexadecimal value: 00011001) of block 1103 shows the variation of the skew range value by +2° or more
  • the value 10 (hexadecimal value: 00010000) shows the variation of the skew angle by -2° or more.
  • the arithmetic circuit 156 checks whether the variation of skew of the mark sheet whose mark in a certain mark row is being read exceeds the above (allowable) values, and if skew exceeding the allowable values is detected, the circuit decides it as error. When the answer of block 1103 is NO; the operation proceeds to block 1104, and the arithmetic circuit 156 checks the content of the sub skew register 1001 (the result of the add operation stored in block 1102).
  • the reason for selecting 80 (hexadecimal value: 10000000) as the error value is that since the leftmost bit position of 8 bits for either skew range value described above is 0 in the data of 1 byte unit, the value 80 (hexadecimal value: 10000000), whose leftmost bit position is 1, can distinguish the error.
  • the reference mark is the reference for all processes of the mark sheet. There may be a black region produced around the reference mark, or a blank portion in the reference mark region. In order to prevent erroneous detection due to these regions, the following method is used.
  • the initiating address of 1 byte and the address of the final byte are set, in order to specify the reference mark search scan window. This address is the address along the mark row on the mark sheet 102.
  • the counter I is first set to the initiating address, and a byte of bits starting from this address are sampled. After one byte is processed, the count is successively advanced. Next, one byte, or eight picture elements, of image date in this search scan window are sampled and checked (blocks 1202 and 1203).
  • the byte having seven 1 (black) bits in a byte is searched. This is the requirement for the reference mark.
  • the left edge of the reference mark is assumed to be present in this byte or in the byte immediately before this byte, and the byte immediately before this byte is taken out (block 1205).
  • the address of the 1 (black) bit following the final 0-bit is made to be the address of the left end of the reference mark (block 1206).
  • the scanning line address at this time i.e., the address indicating the upper edge of the reference mark is stored in the sub reference YU register 108B (block 1208), and this operation ends.
  • the answer of block 1208 is NO, the value of the counter I is reduced by 2 in clock 1209, then the value of the counter I is compared with the address of the final byte in block 1210, and if the value has not reached this address, the operation is returned to block 1203, and if it has reached this address, the operation ends.
  • block 1204 if it has been found that seven 1 (black) bits are not present in a byte, the address of the counter I is advanced by one byte, and this is compared with the address of the final byte. If it has not reached this address, the operation is returned to block 1203, and if it has reached this address, operation ends.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Facsimile Scanning Arrangements (AREA)
EP83108573A 1982-09-17 1983-08-31 Method and apparatus for reading mark sheets Expired EP0103788B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP161096/82 1982-09-17
JP57161096A JPS5955574A (ja) 1982-09-17 1982-09-17 マ−ク・シ−ト読取装置

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EP0103788A2 EP0103788A2 (en) 1984-03-28
EP0103788A3 EP0103788A3 (en) 1984-09-12
EP0103788B1 true EP0103788B1 (en) 1987-04-22

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EP (1) EP0103788B1 (ja)
JP (1) JPS5955574A (ja)
DE (1) DE3371127D1 (ja)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS6248875B2 (ja) 1987-10-15
EP0103788A2 (en) 1984-03-28
EP0103788A3 (en) 1984-09-12
US4633507A (en) 1986-12-30
JPS5955574A (ja) 1984-03-30
DE3371127D1 (en) 1987-05-27

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