EP0171028A2 - Heating plant - Google Patents

Abstract

The heating plant is intended for supplying rooms with heated air and consists of a heat generator and of at least one heat emission device connected thereto. In order on the one hand not to have to transport large quantities of air and on the other hand to cause no danger during hot air emission, the plant is designed in such a manner that the at least one heat emission device is formed in the shape of a box-shaped or tubular housing (18) with air line connectors (19) and at least one surface (20) of the housing (18) is provided with a number of small air outlet bores (22). The heat generator, which is connected to the heat emission device by means of a heat-resistant air line (17), is designed as a hot air generator (34) in such a manner that the space of the energy converter (2), delimited on the one hand by the housing and on the other by the energy converter, is structured with elements in a flow-through channel, which enlarge the heating surface and extend the flow path. The airflow opening (4) to the space of the energy converter is arranged at one end and the hot air outflow opening (5) in the region of the other end of the energy converter (2). <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a heating system for charging rooms with heated air according to the preamble of the main claim. Such heating systems are generally known.

Living spaces od. Like. Can be known, heated in different ways, wherein the direct heating has been replaced by means capped in the room concerned furnaces (coal or oil) substantially by so-called central heating systems in which the entralheizkessel heated in the _Z heat transfer medium through a pipe system to the Radiators arranged in rooms is supplied. Furthermore, hot air heaters are also known, in which hot air enters the rooms from a central warm air generator via a structurally complex and large-diameter pipe system, the openings of which simply open into the rooms in question. Also known is the central arrangement of tiled stoves, each covering several rooms with one part, the tiled stoves being designed in such a way that hot air can escape from them, for which purpose such tiled stoves have to be equipped with special hot air generating rooms. The hot air heaters of this type are due to the difficult treatment of the hot air flow with relatively low temperatures up to max. 60 - 70 ° C be driven. The approach of higher temperatures was automatically forbidden, since the relatively large outlet openings of the distribution channel system open directly into the rooms. It was previously not possible to install hot air heating systems in the sense of the most widespread central heating systems, i.e. to supply the hot air from a central heating point (heat generator) via a pipe system in the room to installed heat exchangers (radiators), since there were neither suitable heat exchangers or radiators for this purpose nor any there is a suitable hot air generator. Hot air generators are not generally known and in use, but these are devices that are installed or installed at a suitable point in the room to be heated and in which the air drawn in on one side after passage through one in the device arranged heat exchanger, the heated air is simply blown out on the other side. Such hot air generators are therefore not suitable for charging hot air space heaters.

The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a heating system that can be operated with hot air at a much higher temperature level than was previously possible and to train both the heat generator and the actual heat emission device so that they are suitable for this purpose .

This object is achieved with a heating system of the type mentioned according to the invention by the features stated in the characterizing part of the main claim. Advantageous further developments and practical embodiments result from subclaims 2 to 14.

This inventive design of the system and the essential parts of the system creates the possibility of pressing the heat transfer medium air with a sufficiently high pressure through the hot air generator and specifically to promote trained heat emitting devices and also to be raised to a much higher temperature level than was possible and envisaged with previous warm air heaters by the heating surface enlarging and flow path extending elements in the hot air generator. In contrast to hot air generators in warm air heating systems of the type mentioned, the air in the hot air generator according to the invention is guided in countercurrent through this, resulting in a significantly higher heat transfer coefficient and the hot air generated leaving the generator at a temperature of maximum 300 ° C and at this high temperature can get into the small-diameter (approx. 50 mm) line distribution system and thus into the special heat-emitting devices, which are preferably and advantageously designed in accordance with claim 7.

With this heat-emitting device according to the invention, a heating element is created with which only the installation of a central heating system based on hot air is considered and to which the air with relatively high temperatures and relatively high pressure can also be supplied. High temperatures can be taken into account here because the air does not emerge from any opening in the room as a large-diameter hot air stream, but from several small openings, although, and this is essential, the air jam that inevitably results in the device, approximately 2 / 3 of the heat content of the hot air within the device to the refractory shaped body (tiles) and can thus be converted into radiation. If you like, the heat-emitting device according to the invention is a kind of tiled stove, which does not have its own furnace, but receives its energy supply from the central hot air generator via easy-to-install and relatively small-diameter lines, which is located at a suitable point (e.g. cellar room) , but also in the relevant apartment itself. Because the heat transfer air is directly in If the rooms to be heated exit through the small air outlet holes of the heat emission device, the system advantageously does not need any return lines. In addition, such a system equipped with such devices can be controlled practically as well as the central heating systems which are customary today and in which water is used as the heat transfer medium. If temperature-controlled control flaps are not arranged directly behind the hot air generator or the line distributor in the lines, each of the devices according to the invention belonging to a system is advantageously and preferably equipped directly with such a control flap.

In addition to the advantage of simple installation (each of the devices can be installed practically in a suitable place in the room, such as an electric radiator), not only the heat emitting devices themselves, but also the entire heating system, the need for an elaborate, water-bearing boiler, and only that building hot air generator, the device has the advantage that a feeling of comfort can be achieved quickly even at relatively low room temperatures (for example. 18 ° C.). In addition, the heat emission device and the entire heating system belonging to it are accessible for humidification and dehumidification, and the entire system can even be used as a cooling system if necessary. Furthermore, it is possible to combine several such devices structurally within a room to form a tiled stove-like structure, but one device, for example, can only be an integral part of a tiled stove-like brickwork, which is preferred, in particular when two adjacent parallel housing large areas are tiled are equipped, it is also possible to easily install such a device in a room partition, so that two rooms can be heated by one device.

The heating system according to the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing of exemplary embodiments.

• Fig. 1 im Schnitt den Heißlufterzeuger für die Verbrennung von flüssigen und gasförmigen Brennstoffen;
• Fig. 2 im Schnitt den Heißlufterzeuger für feste Brennstoffe;
• _Fig. 3 den Heißlufterzeuger mit elektrischer Beheizung;
• Fig. 4 die gesamte Heißluftraumheizungsanlage im Prinzip;
• Fig. 5 die Wärmeabgabevorrichtung der Anlage im Schnitt und in Verbindung mit dem Heizluftsystem;
• Fig. 6 eine Ausführungsform der Wärmeabgabevorrichtung im Schnitt;
• Fig. 7 perspektivisch einen Formkörper gemäß Fig. 6 von der Rückseite her gesehen;
• Fig. 8 die Wärmeabgabevorrichtung der Anlage in Vorderansicht mit mehreren Formkörpern bestückt;
• Fig. 9 im Schnitt eine weitere Ausführungsform der Wärmeabgabevorrichtung und
• Fig. lO eine besondere Ausführungsform der Wärmeabgabevorrichtung.

It shows schematically

• Figure 1 in section the hot air generator for the combustion of liquid and gaseous fuels.
• Fig. 2 in section the hot air generator for solid fuels;
• _F ig. 3 the hot air generator with electric heating;
• 4 the entire hot air space heating system in principle;
• Figure 5 shows the heat emission device of the system in section and in connection with the hot air system.
• 6 shows an embodiment of the heat emission device in section;
• 7 is a perspective view of a molded body according to FIG. 6 from the rear;
• 8 shows the heat emission device of the system in a front view with a plurality of shaped bodies;
• Fig. 9 in section a further embodiment of the heat emission device and
• Fig. 10 a special embodiment of the heat emission device.

First, reference is made to FIGS. 1-4 and the hot air generator.

As can be seen from FIGS. 1-3, the hot air generator consists in principle of a housing 1 with air inflow and outflow openings and of the energy converter 2 arranged in the housing and capable of being flushed with blower air. On the one hand the vertically arranged, columnar and externally heat-insulated housing 1 and on the other hand the energy converter 2nd Limited space 3 is divided into elements 6 which enlarge the heating surface, extend helically and extend the flow path and in front of the upper air inflow opening 4 there is a soundproofed chamber 8 provided with air inflow openings 7, in which the fan 9 is arranged. As shown, the chamber 8 is advantageously arranged directly on the housing 1 and the blower 9 is connected on the pressure side directly to the air inflow opening 4 to the housing 1 or the space 3 located therein. In the chamber 8, an air filter 10, as indicated, is also interchangeably arranged between the air inflow openings 7 and the suction side of the blower in order to keep the air pressed by the hot air generator free of dust, which is advantageous, since the hot air generated is from the special to be charged Radiators is blown directly into the rooms to be heated and the filter permanently filters out the air in the room and breathing.

1 is a hot air generator with an energy converter for liquid fuels, which in this respect resembles a conventional oil stove. However, this is arranged centrally within the housing 1 and the heating surface enlarging and, which is essential, flow path lengthening element 6 is in the form of a heat-conducting connection to the energy converter 2 and helically surrounding the flow guide surface 6 'over its entire length. The housing 1 is expediently designed such that, for example, the energy converter with its flow guide surface 6 'attached to it can be easily inserted, for example from above or below, into the housing 1 and fixed in a suitable manner. This basic principle also applies in practice to hot air generators which are to be operated with gaseous or solid fuels, ie in the case of an energy converter for gaseous fuels there is of course a suitable gas generator in the lower region of the energy converter 2 Blown burner used and in an energy converter 2 for solid fuels this is designed in the sense of FIG. 2 and provided with appropriate elements for filling in solid fuel, ash collection space and the like. In these embodiments, the energy converters are of course also provided with corresponding chimney connections 14. It is essential that the interior of the energy converter 2 has no connection whatsoever to the space 3 which the hot air leaves through the air outlet opening 5 on the bottom of the housing 1 in order to flow into the hot air distribution system. Such a sharp separation is not necessary in the embodiment according to FIG. 3, since this is an electrical energy converter, the heating surface enlarging and flow path extending element being designed in the form of the meandering storage stones 11 in which the electrical heating elements 12 are integrated are. In addition to the meandering space 3, a bypass channel 13 leading from the inflow to the outflow opening 4, 5 of the housing 1 can advantageously be arranged here, which, as can be seen, is provided on the inflow side with an air distributor flap 4 ′ which is also effective for the inflow opening 4. Depending on the control position of the air distributor flap 4 ', the air blown in by the blower 9 can either pass through the space 3 with its storage stones 11 or the bypass duct 13, or these two parts are acted upon more or less uniformly with subsequent air mixing, as a result of which an adjusted air mixing temperature is achieved can. The associated regulating and control circuit 15 is shown schematically on the left next to the housing 1 and does not require any further explanation insofar as these are regulating and control processes as are common in the heating field.

Only for the sake of completeness is the integration of the hot air generator in a hot air space heating system illustrated in FIG. 4, from which it can also be seen that the chamber 8 with the fan 9 is not necessarily on the housing se 1 of the hot air generator must be placed. In such a case, it is also possible, as illustrated, to set up the hot air generator directly in a suitable living space and to surround it with tiles and to connect the heat emitting devices 16 to it by means of a corresponding duct system 17.

The described construction principle of the hot air generator can of course also be applied to open fireplaces, the space 3 being articulated to extend the flow path surrounding the walls of the open fireplace.

In Fig. 5 the entire heating system is shown very strongly schematically, which one has to imagine in practice as a multi-branched, but starting only from a hot air generator 34 according to Fig. 4, at the end of each air line 32, which of course in the usual way is sheathed with insulation 33, a heat emission device or the housing 18 is connected with its air line connecting piece 19. On the inflow side in front of the hot air generator 34, the fan 9 with high pressure is provided in the fresh air line 35.

In the box-shaped housing 18 with its air line connecting piece 19, at least one surface 20 made of at least one heat-resistant molded body 21 is arranged, which is provided with a plurality of air outlet bores 22 and enlarges the inside of the housing with heat transfer surfaces. As heat-resistant or fireproof shaped bodies, tiles are particularly suitable, the number of arrangements of which depends on their own size and the size of the housing 18. There are of course a wide variety of options for fastening these molded bodies 21. E.g. the housing could be provided with a correspondingly large grid, in which the molded body 21 can be fixed in a suitable manner. However, an embodiment in the sense of FIG. 6 is preferred the heat transfer surface enlargements in the form of webs 23, 25 which can be placed on the counter surface 24 of the housing 18 and are provided with recesses 26, 27 so that the hot air flowing in through the air line connecting piece 19 is distributed transversely throughout the housing 18 under the tiles and out of the air outlet bores 22 can flow out, which are expediently provided on the mouth side with a larger diameter than the air inflow side.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 6, the webs 23, 25 therefore advantageously form, on the one hand, the support webs for the molded bodies 21 and, on the other hand, also the enlargement of the heat transfer area. In this embodiment, the recesses 26, 27 are therefore delimited on the one hand by the counter surface 24 of the housing 18 and on the other hand by the webs 23, 25 which, as shown, can be designed in an arc shape, for example. Advantageously, the molded bodies 21 also have a central bore 28, into which a holding element 29, for example, which can be fixed on the counter surface 24 of the housing 18. in the form of a screw.

If the molded bodies 21 are not themselves provided with tongue and groove-like peripheral edge profiles which ensure locking against one another and thus to a certain extent also air sealing, the molded bodies 21 can of course also along their peripheral edges 30 to one another and, of course, also against the corresponding opening edge of the housing 18 can be sealed by known means. The preferred embodiment of the molded body, as shown in FIG. 6, is again illustrated in a more clearly spatially illustrated manner in FIG. 7, which also makes it clearer that each molded body 21 can be charged with hot air from the rear, even if several such shaped bodies are joined together in a surface 20 of the housing 18, as is illustrated, for example, in FIG. 8.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 9, two surfaces of the housing 18 running parallel to one another are equipped with shaped bodies 21 and, for example, braced against an intermediate wall 24 ′ provided with through openings (not shown) in the sense of FIG. 6. In this form, the heat emission device could, for example, also be installed directly in a wall and serve as a radiator for two rooms. The heat dissipation device could of course also be designed in the sense of a cubic body, it being possible for all surfaces, with the exception of the base surface, to be equipped with shaped bodies 21. The device in the sense of FIG. 6 can expediently be provided in the region of its air line connecting piece 19 with a temperature-controlled supply air control flap 31, which is controlled by a room temperature sensor. Apart from such a regulation, the fresh air supply can of course also be regulated accordingly in the entire system and overall the hot air generator 34 as a function of the respective heat requirement. The moldings 21 or tiles can of course have different shapes than those shown. The air outlet bores 22 have diameters of approximately 5-8 mm and each molded body 21 can be provided with, for example, up to fifteen openings. For the insulated air supply lines 32, a maximum diameter of 50 mm is sufficient in view of the intended high pressure. The heating of the air in the hot air generator 34 can be up to 250 ° C. After the heat has been given off to the shaped bodies 21 inside the housing 18, the surface of which cannot be tiled, the air then flows out of the air outlet bores 22 at approximately 100 ° C.

The described embodiments of the heat emitting devices according to FIGS. 5-9 are of course particularly suitable for living rooms. If high spaces, such as workshops, halls or the like, are to be heated with the system described, the heat emission device can advantageously be designed much more simply and specifically in the sense of FIG. 10, i.e. as a tube 36 with corresponding air outlet bores 22.

Such a pipe 36, which is installed in a room height of approximately 4 m and is charged with temperatures of 300 ^° C., achieves an output of 4000 watts per m ^{2 of} heating surface. In order to keep the heating surface at the correspondingly high temperature, it does not now require a large amount of air, but it is sufficient, for example, to provide an air outlet bore of 15 mm diameter for an air volume of 12 m ³ / h per 0.25 m ^{2 of} heating surface corresponds to a heating power of 1 KW. This small outlet means that on the one hand a sufficient flow of hot air can flow into the tube, but on the other hand, as with the tiles, the hot air is expelled from the lefthand holes. These openings are expediently arranged facing downwards. So that the heat radiation specifically heats the floor and the side walls, it is expedient to surround the tube 36 with an insulating material holding shell 37 and to arrange a sheet metal jacket 38 above it, which prevents damage to the insulation.

Claims (14)

1. Heating system for loading rooms with heated air, consisting of a heat generator and at least one associated heat emission device, characterized in that the at least one heat emission device in the form of a box-shaped or tubular housing (18) with air line connection piece (19) and at least one surface (20) of the housing (18) is provided with a plurality of small air outlet bores (22) and that the heat generator connected to the heat emission device by means of a heat-resistant air line (17) is designed as a hot air generator (34) in such a way that the one hand from the housing (1) and on the other hand space (3) delimited by the energy converter (2) with heating surface enlarging and flow path extending elements (6) is divided into a flow channel and the air inflow openings (4) to space (3) at one end of the energy converter (2) and the hot air outflow opening (5) in the area of the other end of the energy converter (2) is arranged. 2. Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that on the housing (1) with an air inlet openings (7) provided chamber (8) with a blower (9) and the blower (9) to the air Inflow opening (4) of the housing (1) is connected, an air filter (10) being interchangeably arranged in the chamber (8) between the air inflow openings (7) and the suction side of the blower (9). 3. Plant according to claim 2 with an energy converter for liquid, gaseous or solid fuels, characterized in that the heating surface enlarging and flow path lengthening element (6) in the form of a heat-conducting connected to the energy converter (2) and helically surrounding the flow guide surface over its entire length (6 ') is trained. 4. Plant according to claim 2 with an Elektro-Energieumset-. zer, characterized in that the heating surface enlarging and flow path extending element in the form of the space (3) meandering storage stones (11) with electrical heating elements (12) is formed. 5. Plant according to claim 4, characterized in that in addition to the meandering space (3) from the inflow to the outflow opening (4, 5) of the housing (1) leading bypass channel (13) is arranged and this on the inflow side with one for Inflow opening (4) effective air distributor cap (4 ') is provided. 6. Plant according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the one hand from the vertically arranged, columnar and externally thermally insulated housing (1) and on the other hand from the housing (1) arranged energy converter (2) limited space (3) with upper air supply and the lower outflow opening (4, 5) is provided with the heating surface enlarging and flow path extending elements (6). 7. Plant according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least one surface (20) of the box-shaped housing (18) from at least one heat-resistant molded body (21), such as a tile and this is provided with several of the small air outlet bores (22) is, whereby a large part of the heat content of the hot air is given off to the shaped body (21). 8. Plant according to claim 7, characterized in that the shaped body (21) has heat transfer area enlargements in the form of on the counter surface (24) of the housing (18) abutting webs (23, 25) which are provided with air passage openings which are formed by recesses ( 26, 27) arise. 9. Plant according to claim 7, characterized in that the air passage openings on the one hand by the counter surface (24) of the housing (18) and on the other hand by recesses (26, 27) in the webs (23, 25) are limited. 10. Plant according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the at least one shaped body (21) is provided with a central bore (28) and in this a on the counter surface (24) of the housing (18) fixable holding element (29) how screw is arranged. ll. Installation according to one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the at least one molded body (21) is sealed with its peripheral edges (30) with respect to the housing (18) and that when a plurality of molded bodies (21) are arranged, these are arranged along their peripheral edges ( 30) are sealed against one another and against the housing (18). 12. Plant according to one of claims 7 to 12, characterized in that the housing (18) on the air line connection piece (19) is provided with a temperature-controlled supply air control flap (31). 13. Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the tubular housing (18) is designed in the form of a tube (36) provided with insulating material half-shell (37), the air outlet bores (22) being arranged in the half-shell-free surface. 14. Plant according to claim 13, characterized in that per o, 25 m ² tube surface, a bore (22) with a 15 mm diameter is arranged for the discharge of a hot air amount of 12 m ³ / h.

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