EP0153930A1

EP0153930A1 - Multiphase motor with magnetized rotor having n/2 pairs of poles at its periphery

Info

Publication number: EP0153930A1
Application number: EP84902780A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Michel Grosjean
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1983-07-28
Filing date: 1984-07-30
Publication date: 1985-09-11
Also published as: US4629924A; WO1985000706A1; JPS60501934A

Abstract

La structure du moteur est la suivante: le rotor (1) présente N/2 paires de pôles à sa périphérie, qui sont alternativement de noms contraires; le stator (2) entoure concentriquement le rotor (1) et forme m phases (r, s), m = N/2 x n, pour n entier; chaque phase (r, s) est constituée d'une paire de pièces polaires (3, 4) enchevêtrées l'une (3) dans l'autre (4), les pièces polaires (3, 4) comprennent des pôles entiers (p1 à p4 et p6 à p8) et des pôles fractionnaires (p5, p9); les phases (r, s) sont décalées les unes par rapport aux autres; les pièces polaires (3, 4) de chaque phase (r, s) sont reliées magnétiquement entre elles par un noyau (7) bobiné.The structure of the motor is as follows: the rotor (1) has N / 2 pairs of poles at its periphery, which are alternately of opposite names; the stator (2) concentrically surrounds the rotor (1) and forms m phases (r, s), m = N / 2 x n, for n integer; each phase (r, s) consists of a pair of pole pieces (3, 4) entangled one (3) in the other (4), the pole pieces (3, 4) include whole poles (p1 at p4 and p6 at p8) and fractional poles (p5, p9); the phases (r, s) are offset with respect to each other; the pole pieces (3, 4) of each phase (r, s) are magnetically connected to each other by a coiled core (7).

Description

MAGNETIC ROTOR POLYPHASE MOTOR HAVING N / 2 PAIRS OF POLES AT ITS PERIPHERY

This invention relates to polyphase motors with a rotor rotor having N / 2 pairs of poles at its periphery.

There are different types of magnetic rotor motors. In that according to the present invention, the pairs of poles of the rotor can be defined by magnetization curves contained in a plane per¬ pendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor, so that the latter has N poles alternately with opposite names on its outskirts.

The invention mainly aims to create a high-performance polyphase motor, using existing materials, which can be manufactured by industrial processes and the number of phases as well as the range of powers can be very wide, without modifying the design of the engine.

The field of application of the engine according to the present invention is therefore very wide. This engine can be used, in particular, in drive systems for office automation, robotics, the aeronautical and space industry, photographic equipment, timepieces. More generally, the engine according to the present invention is suitable for all systems using the digital technique, and, more particularly, for all those where the criteria of space, efficiency, power and speed are determining.

O PI The subject of the invention is a polyphase motor which is characterized by the structure defined by claim 1, certain special embodiments of which are defined by claims 2 and 3.

An embodiment of the engine according to the invention and two varian¬ yours are shown schematically and simply by way of example in the drawing, in which:

Fig. 1 is a view of this embodiment in the direction of the axis of rotation of the rotor;

Fig. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the essential parts of this embodiment;

Fig. 3 a plan view and

Fig. 4 a perspective view of a part of the variant and

Figs. 5 and 6 of the equivalent diagrams of the engine, which illustrate its operating mode.

The motor shown in Figs. 1 and 2 has a rotor 1 with a number N of poles equal to eight. The number m of its phases is equal to two. In addition, the offset between these two phases is equal to, or 22.5 °. N ^" m

The rotor 1 is made of ferromagnetic material such as samarium-cobalt, the coercive field of which is high and the density low. It has four pairs of poles at its periphery, which can be defined by magnetization curves contained in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor. The latter thus presents at its periphery eight poles alternately with opposite names, which are distributed regularly.

The rotor 1 is surrounded by a stator 2, the poles of which are concen¬ tric to the rotor. This stator comprises a number m of phases r, s equal to two. Each phase r, s is composed of two pole pieces 3, 4, im¬ bricated in one another. They are separated from each other by a sinuous air gap 5 in each phase. OM The pole pieces 3, - 4 - are made of ferromagnetic material with a low coercive field and a high saturation induction. They have poles p ^, p »• • •» q _'

Fig. 1 shows that the poles p-,, p, of the pole piece 4 of phase r, the poles p _? , p. of the pole piece 3 of this same phase r, the poles p,, p „of the pole piece 4 of the phase s and the pole p- of the pole piece 3 of this phase s each have the same angular extension. These different poles are said to be whole, while the poles P _c and p ,, of the pole piece 3 of phase s are fractional. The sum of the angular extensions of these two fractional poles is at least approximately equal to the angular extension of an entire pole.

In the general case of a motor with m phases and whose rotor has N poles, the poles of the pole pieces of m-1 phases and those of a piece

1 N polar of the m-th phase are integers; they are the number of - - per pole piece and are spaced by an angular interval at least apprxi¬ matically equal to twice that existing between the adjacent poles of the periphery of the rotor. As for the poles of the remaining pole piece, ^' there

I N have a - - - 1 which are integers, while the m remaining poles are fractional, the sum of their angular extensions being at least approximately equal to the angular extension of an entire pole.

In the embodiment shown, the phases r, s are offset relative to each other by an angle a of 22.5 °. In the general case of a motor with m phases and whose rotor has N poles at its periphery, a = r:. The angular extension of each of the fractional poles is γ N ^" m ^& ^ at least approximately equal to 1 / m times that of an entire pole.

The offset a can be made different from j ^ -. In this case, the sum of the angular extensions of the fractional poles remains at least approximately equal to the angular extension of an entire pole, but these fractional poles no longer all have the same angular extension.

In the variant shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the rotor la com¬ takes a magnet lb which has an axial magnetization, parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotor. To obtain the same behavior as in the case of the embodiment described above, a soft ferromagnetic disc le, ld, with salient poles le is fixed against each of the faces of the magnet lb. Thanks to this, arrangement and although the magnetization axis of the rotor is parallel to its axis of rotation, the rotor has eight poles at its periphery, which are distributed regularly and are alternately of opposite names. The fluxes of the rotor la are indicated by arrows.

Figs. 5 and 6 illustrate the operation of the engine. These are equivalent diagrams of the engine. The phase shift r, s is 22.5 °.

Fig. 6 shows the state of the motor when the rotor has moved 22.5 ° relative to that shown in FIG. 5, that is, in the general case, of an angle α = —— ^ -. The magnetic links are symbolically represented by lines.

In order to facilitate the understanding of the operation of the represented motor, the manner of creating the characteristic called mutual torque is exposed in the first place. This mutual torque is that which comes from the interaction between the fluxes of the magnetic rotor and those of the coils.

In the position of FIG. 5, the poles of the rotor 1 are located exactly opposite the poles p,, p ₂ , ps and p. of phase r. This figure shows that the fluxes of the rotor directed towards the stator are collected by the poles p, and p, of the pole piece 4, from where they are conveyed to the core 7 of phase r, which they travel from A to B. They then close by passing through the poles p ₂ and p ₄ of the pole piece 3 of phase r of the stator.

By shifting the rotor from this position by an angle α equal to 2τr / N, it is easy to see that the flux through the core 7 of phase r is also maximum, but in the opposite direction, that is that is to say that it traverses this nucleus from B to A. There is therefore an inversion of the flow of the rotor in the nucleus 7 of phase r, each time that the rotor turns by an angle equal to 2 N, that is ° in the example shown.

When the coil of phase r is supplied, this results, according to the laws of electromechanics, an interaction torque between the coil and the magnetized rotor, the mutual torque, whose period is equal to 4π / N, and whose equilibrium positions correspond to the rotor positions in which the poles of the latter are exactly opposite the poles of the pole pieces of this phase r.

With regard to the poles p, -,,, p-,, p _g and pn of phase s, between which there are poles of the rotor in FIG. 5, it is easy to see that this phase s also has a mutual torque of perio of 4π / N, but offset from the mutual torque of phase r by an angle and = TΠ - » ^εo ^ of ^22.5 ° in the example shown.

The position of the rotor in which its flux through the core 7 of phase s is maximum is that of FIG. 6. The two fractional poles p, - and p- each collect a flow equal to 1 / m times the flow collected by an entire pole, or 1/2 times that of an entire pole in the e¬ xample shown.

The remarks made above about a mismatch between

2τr phases different from v ^ - apply here too.

The behavior of the motor with the indicated mutual torques, when the coils are supplied, is known and will not be described.

The motor shown, two-phase and with a rotor with 8 peripheral poles is obviously not the only possible embodiment of the motor according to the invention. It suffices that the number N of rotor poles and

N that m of the p ^r hases satisfy the relation: m = • - 2 - ^» n where n is an integer. The table on the following page indicates possible configurations of the engine according to the invention.

Regarding the efficiency of the engine according to the invention and without going into the details of the theory, the skilled person will note that it is elevated.

First of all, the fluxes of all the pairs of rotor poles are conveyed in the same direction through each core of the coils, this thanks to the described entanglement of the pole pieces 3, 4 and to the arrangement of the whole poles. and fractional. There is in fact no pair of rotor poles whose flux is lost, in the sense that it would not return to the nuclei and would not additively participate in the mutual flux.

-fxTî ^Ê In addition, in the case where the motor is called to operate step by step, the fact that the rotor is full, in the sense that there is no angular gap between the poles of the rotor which is not equal to 2ττ / N, optimi¬ se, from the point of view of the yield, the relation between the total flux of the pairs of poles of the rotor and the inertia of this last. This is due to the fact that efficiency is an increasing function of flux and decreasing of inertia, but that the power at which this function increases with flux is greater than that at which it decreases with inertia.

The number of motor phases according to the invention can be very large without modifying the design of the motor, since it suffices that the relation m = - * N ώ - * n is satisfied for n integer. In other words, it suffices to increase the number N of rotor poles to increase the number m of phases.

The engine according to the invention also has the advantage of offering a very wide range of powers, without having to modify the design of the engine. Without going into the details of the theory, it is indeed intuitive to notice that the mechanical power of a motor of this type is an increasing function of the number of pairs of rotor poles.

Claims

CLAIMS:

1. Polyphase motor with magnetic rotor having N / 2 pairs of poles at its periphery, characterized

- in that these poles result from magnetization curves of the rotor (1), which are contained in a plane perpendicular to its axis of rotation,

- in that the said poles are distributed regularly on the periphery of the rotor and are alternately of opposite names,

- in that the rotor (1) is surrounded by a stator (2) whose poles are concentric with the rotor,

- in that this stator is formed of m phases (r, s), where m = -—— _> ⁿ being an integer,

- in that each phase (r, s) comprises two pole pieces (3, 4), entangled one (3) in the other (4) and is separated therefrom by a sinuous gap (5),

- in that, for m-1 phases (r, s) as well as for one (4) of the pole pieces (3, 4) of the remaining phase, the poles (p, p., p,, p „) Of each of the pole pieces, of which n = -——-, are whole and spaced by an angular interval at least approximately twice that between the adjacent poles of the periphery of the rotor (1),

1 N

- in that - - - 1 poles (p ₇ ) of the other pole piece (3) of the remaining phase are whole,

- in that the remaining m poles (p .., p „) of this last pole piece (3) are fractional, the sum of their angular extensions being at least approximately equal to the angular extension of a whole pole ,

- in that the phases (r, s) are offset with respect to each other,

- in that the pole pieces (3, 4) of each phase (r, s) are magnetically linked together by a core (7)

- And in that at least one coil (8) is wound around each no¬ yau (7).

2. Motor according to claim 1, characterized

- in that the phases {r, s) are offset relative to the others with an angle at least approximately equal to 2τr / Nm ^"

- and in that the angular extension of each fractional pole is at least approximately equal to 1 / m times that of an entire pole.

3. Motor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized

- in that the rotor (la) comprises a magnet (lb) with axial magnetization, parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotor,

- in that a soft ferromagnetic disc (le, ld) with salient poles (le) is fixed against each of the two faces of the magnet (lb)

- And in that the said salient poles (le) of each of the discs (le, ld), the number of N / 2, are distributed regularly at the periphery of the rotor (la), the salient poles of one of the discs being offset from those of the other disc by an angular interval equal to half of that existing between the adjacent salient poles of a disc.