EP0094250A1

EP0094250A1 - Process for preparing granules containing silicone-based anti-foam

Info

Publication number: EP0094250A1
Application number: EP83302643A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Ho Tan Tai
Original assignee: Unilever PLC; Unilever NV
Current assignee: Unilever PLC; Unilever NV
Priority date: 1982-05-11
Filing date: 1983-05-10
Publication date: 1983-11-16
Anticipated expiration: 2003-05-10
Also published as: ZA833292B; EP0094250B1; ATE21115T1; EP0094250B2; DE3364903D1

Abstract

A process for manufacturing granules containing a silicone anti-foam comprises spraying a liquefied mixture of silicone and wax onto an agitated bed of an absorbent. One suitable absorbent is gelatinised starch. The silicone material is a mixture of an oil and a hydrophobic solid. Preferred solids are hydrophobed silica and complex nitrogen compounds, for example ethylene or methylene bis-stearimide.

Description

This invention relates to granules containing a silicone-based anti-foam and to a process for manufacturing them, as well as to a detergent powder containing the granules.
Granules containing a silicone-based anti-foam are known. Certain granules of this type are described in British patent No 1492,939 and others in French patent No 2,462,184. Our unpublished British patent application No 8123492 also relates to granules containing a silicone-based anti-foam. The process which is described in the specification of that application involves granulating gelatinised starch whilst spraying on a mixture of a silicone oil and a hydrophobic silica. A solution of paraffin wax in chloroform is then sprayed onto the granules and the solvent is evaporated.
In a factory environment the use of volatile organic solvents is undesirable, because many of them are either inflammable or toxic, and so we have developed a new process for manufacturing granules containing a silicone-based anti-foam which does not involve the use of an organic solvent.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a process for the manufacture of granules containing a silicone-based anti-foam which comprises the steps of:

(a) forming a liquified mixture of a silicone and a wax
(b) forming an agitated bed of a granular absorbent and
(c) spraying the liquified mixture onto the absorbent.

Preferably the silicone comprises a mixture of a liquid or liquifiable polysiloxane with particles of a hydrophobic material, and the hydrophobic material is preferably a hydrophobed silica, a water-insoluble salt of an alkyl phosphoric acid, or a compound of one of the following general formulae:

or
where R and R³ represent aliphatic hydrocarbon residues containing 14-22 carbon atoms, R² and._R ⁴ represent hydrogen atoms or aliphatic hydrocarbon residues containing 1-22 carbon atoms, and R represents an aliphatic residue containing 1-9 carbon atoms.
Mixtures of silicone oils and hydrophobed silicas are sold by the Dow Chemical Company under the trade mark DB100, and this is the preferred material for use in the process of the invention. Amongst the various nitrogen compounds which are specified above, alkylene-bis-amides and in particular ethylene and methylene-bis-stearimide are the preferred compounds, that is to say compounds of the general formula:
where x is an integer from 5 to 25 and n is 1 or 2 and in particular compounds of the formula.
Preferred waxes are of mineral origin, especially those derived from petroleum, including microcrystalline and oxidised microcrystalline petroleum waxes and paraffin waxes. However synthetic waxes, or natural waxes such as Montan waxes, beeswax, candelilla or carnauba waxes may also be used as may a mixture of any of these waxes. Whatever wax is used it is preferred that its melting point is between 35° and 70⁰C so that it is readily liquifiable.
The absorbent for use in the process of the present invention is preferably gelatinised starch, but other absorbents can also be used. Preferred are those materials which are conventionally employed as components of detergent powders, for example sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium sulphate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium aluminosilicate.
The apparatus in which the liquifiable mixture of silicone and wax is sprayed onto the absorbent can be any of the apparatus conventionally used for granulation or agglomeration. Examples are the Eirich (registered Trade Mark) pan, the Schugi (registered Trade Mark) mixer, or any one of the numerous fluidised bed apparatus which are available, such as the Anhydro (registered Trade Mark) fluidised bed.
A typical composition of the granules formed in the process of the invention is:
However, considerable variations can be made based on this composition, so that the absorbent can be present in amounts of from 20-80%, the silicone compound in amounts of from 5-40%, the paraffin wax in amounts of from 5-30% and the nonionic surfactant in amounts up to 10%, the percentages being expressed by weight.
The granules may be incorporated into spray-dried (powdered) detergent compositions or into liquid ones. In the case of powdered detergent compositions they will be dosed into the powder after spray-drying, along with other materials which are conventionally post-dosed such as sodium perborate and fillers. In the case of liquids which are structured (sometimes called false-body liquids) the granules can be added to the liquid in the final step of the manufacturing process. There are two basic types of structured liquids, one in which the structure is imparted by interaction between surfactants and electrolytes, and the other in which it is imparted by means of a colloid such as a clay. Both types are capable of suspending the granules of the invention.
Whether the composition is in powdered or in liquid form it will normally contain both an anionic and a nonionic surfactant but may also contain either alone or a soap as the major detergent-active species. The powdered compositions will contain a detergency builder and the liquid ones will normally do so, but need not necessarily. Other components which will normally be present are corrosion inhibitors, anti-redeposition agents, fluorescers, stabilisers and substantial proportions of water.
Typical anionic surfactants, which may be present in amounts of from about 2 to 35% by weight of the finished compositions are sodium alkylbenzene sulphonates, preferably the C₁₀-C₁₄ alkyl compounds, sodium primary and secondary alkyl sulphates, preferably the C₁₀-C₂₂ alkyl sulphates, sodium olefine sulphonates, preferably the C₁₀-C₁₈ sulphonates and sodium alkane sulphonates. Soaps of fatty acids may also be present, preferably the sodium and potassium salts of C₁₀-C₂₂ fatty acids, both saturated and unsaturated. Where soap is the sole anionic surfactant it may be present in an amount up to about 65% by weight of the finished composition, down to about 2$ by weight when other anionic surfactants are present. Typical soaps which can be used are those formed from coconut oil, tallow and natural oils containing high proportions of oleic acid such as sunflower oil.
Typical nonionic surfactants, are ethoxylated primary and secondary alcohols of from 8 to 25 carbon atoms containing from 3 to 25 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol. These materials may generally be present in an amount of from 1 to 15% by weight, based on the weight of the finished composition.
Typical detergency builders which can be used are the water-soluble phosphates, carbonates, percarbonates and aluminosilicates, particularly the sodium and potassium salts of these compounds. Organic builders may also be used, examples being sodium carboxymethyloxysuccinate, sodium citrate, sodium polyacrylates and sodium nitrilotriacetate. Any of these compounds, or any other builder compound, in any suitable mixture, may be used in amounts of from 5 to 50% by weight of the finished composition.
The invention will be further illustrated by means of the following examples:-

Example 1

47.6 parts by weight of gelatinised starch (Amigel 30076 registered Trade Mark, manufactured and sold by Societe des Produits du Mais, of Clarmart, France) was placed in the pan of an Eirich (registered Trade Mark) pan granulator. A mixture of 20.5 parts by weight of a silicone anti-foam (DB100 manufactured and sold by Dow Chemical Ltd), 27.1 parts by weight of a paraffin wax having a melting point of 40°C were heated to 65°C with agitation to produce a homogeneous liquid. The resultant liquid was then sprayed onto the gelatinised starch in the pan granulator then, 4.8 parts of nonionic surfactant (C_13-18 primary alcohol 8EO) where sprayed onto the granules.

Example 2

The anti-foam properties of the granules produced by the process described in Example 1 were tested as follows.
The following detergent composition was prepared by conventional spray-drying and dry-dosing techniques, the granules of example 1 being added in the dry-dosing step.
The powder obtained was divided into two batches. The first batch was immediately subjected to the foam assessment test described below. The other batch was stored in unlaminated, sealed cartons at 37°C and 60% relative humidity. The stored batches were then subjected to test after 2 weeks and 4 weeks of storage.
The suds assessment test is performed by washing a standard load of clean washing in a Brandt 433 (registered Trade Mark) washing machine. The washing machine was specially modified to provide a window and the window had an arbitrary scale on it from which suds height could be read. The reservoir holding the wash liquor is fitted with a thermometer.
In a series of experiments the height of suds which is developed by each powder at various temperatures is determined. The results are shown in Table 1 from which it can be seen that where there is some de-activation of foam control effectiveness on storage. Nevertheless, all granules provide satisfactory foam control in the formulation described at all temperatures.

Claims

1. A process for the manufacture of granules containing a silicone-based anti-foam which comprises the steps of:

(a) forming a liquefied mixture of a silicone and a wax;

(b) forming an agitated bed of a granular absorbent, and

(c) spraying the liquefied mixture onto the absorbent.

2. A process according to claim 1 wherein the silicone comprises a mixture of a liquid or liquefiable polysiloxane with particles of a hydrophobic material.

3. A process according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the hydrophobic material comprises a hydrophobed silica, a water-insoluble salt of an alkyl phosphoric acid or a compound of the general formula:

or

where _R ¹ and R³ represent aliphatic hydrocarbon residues containing 14-22 carbon atoms, R² and R⁴ represent hydrogen atoms or aliphatic hydrocarbon residues containing 1-22 carbon atoms, and R represents an aliphatic residue containing 1-9 carbon atoms.

4. A process according to claim 3 wherein the hydrophobic material comprises a compound of the general formula:

where x is an integer from 5 to 25 and n is 1 or 2.

5. A process according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the wax has a melting point between 35 and 70^c _C.

6. A process according to claim 5 wherein the granular absorbent is gelatinised starch.

7. A process according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the liquefied mixture additionally comprises a nonionic surfactant. 1

8. A process according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the silicone is present in an amount of from 5-40%, the wax in an amount of from 5-30%, the absorbent in an amount fro 20-80% and the nonionic surfactant in an amount up to 10% by weight of the granules.