EP0091107B1 - Paving of concrete slabs, having surface blocks arranged in arcuate form, and slabs therefore - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a floor covering according to the preamble of claim 1 and a floor covering plate according to the preamble of claim 8, as are known from GB-A-2 012 332.

Paving coverings, in particular so-called small stone paving, are known in which the paving stones are laid in the segment. These paving slabs are particularly popular for urban renewals and renovations because they result in flooring that is adapted to the existing building stock. The disadvantages of this paving are the expensive manufacture of the paving stones, the expensive manual laying and their uneven surface, even with careful laying, and the uneven, settling of the covering that occurs during operation.

The flooring tiles according to GB-A-2 012 332 consist of a base plate and cover stones made in one piece with it, so that the laying is simplified in comparison to the small stone paving. The known floor covering is laid with two types of slabs, and the decks _t one, which are partially arranged in segmental arches, are arranged in a straight line on the straight slab edges where the two different slab types meet. The neighboring plates adjoin one another with toothless, straight or arched edges.

In contrast, according to the invention the floor covering is designed as specified in the characterizing part of claim 1 and the floor covering plate is designed as specified in the characterizing part of claim 8.

The plates according to the invention, like the known plates according to GB-A-2 012 332, contain a whole number of cover stones as a unit, so that the laying is simplified. The size of the panels can range from a size that can still be installed by a single man by hand to a much larger size that can be installed by machine. The interlocking of adjacent plates provided according to the invention facilitates the precise positioning and brings about an increased cohesion of adjacent plates, so that uniform settlement is counteracted. The increased size of the slabs according to the invention compared to individual paving stones acts in the same direction.

When designing the concrete slab according to the invention with the possibility of interlocking with only one other slab, the toothless side is preferably straight and can e.g. can be used as a border element. The production of double slabs makes it possible to interlock more than two slabs with one another and thus to increase the usability of the floor covering. This large-area design of the double plates is particularly advantageous when used for covering large areas.

In order to continue the pattern of the cover stones from plate to plate, there are in particular the two possibilities that the arch rows of one plate connect with their arch direction to end regions of the arch rows of the other plate transversely to their arch direction, preferably at right angles, or that the arch directions of adjacent plates merge into one another. In the former option, one or more bow ends of one plate come into contact with a curved edge of the other plate.

Further preferred embodiments of the floor covering according to the invention are specified in claims 3 to 7.

Due to the feature that opposing, arcuately curved edges of the flooring panel according to the invention have essentially the same radii of curvature or are parallel to one another, a whole series of flooring panels with their arcuately curved edges can be laid next to one another to form a floor covering that completely covers the surface to be covered . Since the toothing on the toothed edge follows the shape of the cover stones located in the edge area there or is staircase-shaped, the structure of the plates according to the invention is practically not recognizable in the finished floor covering. The term "arcuately curved edge" does not mean that the corresponding edge must run in the form of a single arcuate curvature and does not exclude that toothing means are also present at these edges. The term "toothed" means the presence of projections and recesses at the corresponding edge, whereby these projections and recesses can be delimited in a straight line, non-straight line or also partly straight line and partly non-linearly. The capstones preferably each have essentially the shape of a trapezoid, in particular a trapezoid, the legs of which form angles which deviate only slightly from 90 ° with the two base sides of the trapezoid, so that capstones result which are optically almost rectangular or square.

Preferably, the two remaining edges of the floor covering plate run essentially parallel to one another when the at least one toothed edge is replaced by a straight line that levels the toothing, which ensures the problem-free connection of adjacent floor covering plates at these edges. In order to maintain essentially the same radii of curvature in the floor covering panel according to the invention, the dimension of the floor covering panel must change in the direction of the radii of the radii or measured transverse to the course of the arc. For this purpose, the cover stones preferably have a size which changes in the course of the respective arch. The dimensional change mentioned can be designed so that the two remaining edges of the flooring slab, in the case of the at least one toothed edge as a straight toothing line, are of the same length and thus a problem-free connection of adjacent flooring slabs is possible there.

In the edge areas, the base plate can extend slightly beyond the cover stones there, so that there is a distance between the cover stones of adjacent plates essentially as within the plates.

The flooring slabs according to the invention consist in particular of concrete; they are particularly designed so that you can create floor coverings according to the invention with them.

The invention is explained in more detail with reference to drawings. 1 shows a floor covering according to the invention made of plates that are only toothed on one side, FIG. 2 shows an embodiment with plates that are symmetrical to one another, FIGS. 3 and 4 embodiments with plates that are toothed with more than one neighboring plate, FIGS. 5 and 6 show designs , in which an offset arrangement along the toothing line is also possible.

When laying the plates according to the invention according to FIG. 1, one of the two plates in the drawing, the right plate, removes the excess, outermost capstones and the part of the base plate underneath, or asymmetrical plate designs are produced. Figure 2 shows an embodiment of mutually symmetrical plates that can be used without further pretreatment. The possibility of producing toothings 2 to the neighboring plate on both sides is shown in FIG. 3, in an embodiment with plates which are symmetrical to one another, whereby by removing part 3, e.g. B. by means of a cutting disc and arranging in position 4, a straight conclusion on one side can be achieved. Figure 4 shows a double slab, which is particularly suitable for laying on large areas. This symmetrical embodiment does not require left and right plates and therefore reduces inventory and planning costs. By dividing the plate along the line 5, two plates are obtained, each with a straight end and therefore no special edge plates are required. FIGS. 5 and 6 show designs in which the individual plates can be offset relative to one another along the toothing lines 2 and which therefore result in a particularly stable and load-bearing floor covering.

The invention is not limited to the training forms shown. It can e.g. B. the plate edges, in order to create better conditions for the seepage of precipitation, be provided with recesses in a manner known per se. Also, the cover stones 1 can be arranged and shaped so that the segment pattern continues as just one row into the neighboring plate. The cover stones 1 can also be congruent surfaces, preferably squares, and the distance between them can vary. The invention also includes special corner and edge panels. The cover stones can be individually irregular or distributed more irregularly than in the drawings in the rows of arches, in particular in order to avoid continuous joints between cover stones 1 between the two curved edges.

In more detail in relation to FIG. 1, floor covering panels can be seen there, which are highlighted with stronger lines from the entire floor covering for illustration. Each flooring plate has three arcuate rows of cover stones 1. The floor covering plate highlighted on the left in FIG. 1 has seven cover stones 1 in each row, while the floor covering plate adjoining on the right has six cover stones 1 in each row.

The upper and lower edge of the floor covering plate under consideration, which is highlighted on the left in FIG. 1, are curved in the shape of an arc with the same radius of curvature, while the left edge is straight and the right edge is serrated. Measured from top to bottom in FIG. 1 and after the toothing has been replaced by a toothing-leveling straight line, the left and right edges are of equal length and parallel to one another. Measured in the direction of the radius of the curve or transversely to the curved edges, the individual cover stones 1 become progressively smaller within the arches from left to right, and the floor covering plate is shorter in this direction on the right than on the left. At the toothed edge 2, each row of arches protrudes in the arch direction by as much as compared to the neighboring row next to it, as it corresponds approximately to the dimension in the arc direction of an individual cover stone 1 located at the edge there. The floor covering plate adjoining on the right also has curved edges at the top and bottom, has a straight edge on the right and has a toothed edge 2 on the left that fits the right, toothed edge 2 of the floor covering plate described above, the top row of sheets of the subsequent floor covering plate also its side edge connects to the corresponding end of the upper arch edge of the previously described flooring plate. In this way, the arcuate cover stone course of the floor covering plate adjoining on the right merges with the arrangement of the cover stones 1 of the floor covering plate adjoining on the left in its edge zone.

The floor covering slabs highlighted in FIG. 2 differ from those according to FIG. 1 essentially in that they have four arc-shaped rows of cover stones 1 and that - calculated from top to bottom - the second and fourth rows of arches measured in the direction of the arches are each shorter by a cover stone 1 than the first and third rows of arches. In this way, toothed edges 2 are formed, each of which protrudes by two capstone widths in the arc direction and recesses by two capstone dimensions in the radial direction.

3, the right and left edges are serrated.

The floor covering panels highlighted in FIG. 4 correspond to a mirror-symmetrical doubling of the floor covering panels according to FIG. 2, the straight edge there serving as an axis of symmetry.

In the middle of FIG. 5 one can see a floor covering plate in which the upper and the lower edge are each composed of two curved sections which converge at 90 ° in the middle.

In all of the flooring slabs shown, the cover stones 1 are stretched almost square or slightly in the arch direction to the rectangular shape in plan view, a slightly trapezoidal treatment having been made to adapt to the arch shape.

Claims (13)

1. A paving made of concrete slabs each consisting of a supporting base slab and a plurality of spaced surface stones (1) produced integrally with said base slab on its upper surface, surface stones (1) being present arranged in segmental arches and surface stones (1) being present belonging to adjacent segmental arches and a continuation of the pattern of the surface, stones (1) of one slab being present at least in the surface stones (1) in the marginal zone of the adjacent slab, characterized in that the surface stones (1) of each slab are altogether arranged in a segmental arch shape;
and in that the slabs are each toothed in their plan view at least on one edge (2) according to the pattern of the surface stones (1).

2. The paving according to claim 1, characterized in that the pattern of the surface stones (1) is continued from slab to slab either by the rows of arches of the surface stones of one slab joining with its direction of arches end areas of the rows of arches of the other slab crosswise to its direction of arches, preferably at right angles thereto or by the directions of arches of the surface stones of adjacent slabs running into each other.

3. The paving according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the toothed edges (2) of adjacent slabs fit each other.

4. The paving according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it consists of slabs symmetrical to each other.

5. The paving according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it has slabs with an axis of symmetry.

6. The paving according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it has slabs which have parts (3) which, after being separated from the slabs, can be laid in a position (4) so as to create a straight edge of the slabs.

7. The paving according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the toothed edges (2) of the slabs allow for the slabs to be staggered along the line of the toothing.

8. A paving slab, in particular for making the paving according to any of claims 1 to 7, which consists of a supporting base slab and a plurality of spaced surface stones (1) produced integrally with said base slab on its upper surface, surface stones (1) arranged in a plurality of arches and two arcuately curved edges of the paving slab being present, characterized in that the two arcuately curved edges of the paving slab are opposite each other and have substantially equal arch radii; and in that at least one of the two remaining edges of the paving slab is toothed according to the shape of the surface stones (1) in the marginal area (2) there.

9. The paving slab according to claim 8, characterized in that the surface stones (1) each have substantially the shape of a trapezium, preferably of a trapezium differing only slightly from a square.

10. The paving slab according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the two remaining edges of the paving slab extend substantially parallel to each other if the at least one toothed edge (2) is replaced by a straight line evening out the toothing.

11. The paving slab according to any of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that substantially equal arch radii are maintained due to the surface stones (1) having a size which changes in the course of the particular arch, at least in the direction measured crosswise to the course of the arch.

12. The paving slab according to any of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that each row of arches protrudes on the toothed edge (2) in the direction of the arches by a surface stone dimension with respect to the row of arches adjacent on one side, or each pair of rows of arches protrudes on the toothed edge (2) in the direction of the arches by two surface stone dimensions with respect to the pair of rows of arches adjacent on one side.

13. The paving slab according to any of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that the base slab extends in the marginal areas slightly beyond the surface stones (1) there, so that a space substantially like that between the surface stones (1) within the paving slabs results between the surface stones (1) of adjacent paving slabs.

Images