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EP0052334B2 - Procédé de préparation de combustibles solides, liquides et gazeux à partir de matériaux organiques - Google Patents

Procédé de préparation de combustibles solides, liquides et gazeux à partir de matériaux organiques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0052334B2
EP0052334B2 EP81109604A EP81109604A EP0052334B2 EP 0052334 B2 EP0052334 B2 EP 0052334B2 EP 81109604 A EP81109604 A EP 81109604A EP 81109604 A EP81109604 A EP 81109604A EP 0052334 B2 EP0052334 B2 EP 0052334B2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conversion
conversion temperature
gases
solid
sludge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP81109604A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0052334A2 (fr
EP0052334A3 (en
EP0052334B1 (fr
Inventor
Ernst Prof. Dr. Bayer
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Individual
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Individual
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Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT81109604T priority Critical patent/ATE20759T1/de
Publication of EP0052334A2 publication Critical patent/EP0052334A2/fr
Publication of EP0052334A3 publication Critical patent/EP0052334A3/de
Publication of EP0052334B1 publication Critical patent/EP0052334B1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0052334B2 publication Critical patent/EP0052334B2/fr
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/02—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
    • C10L9/08—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatments, e.g. calcining

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for obtaining solid, liquid and gaseous fuels from organic material in granular or powdery form using elevated temperature and with the exclusion of air.
  • Solid and liquid fuels are now almost exclusively obtained from fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum.
  • the synthetic processes for the production of hydrocarbons e.g. Pier and Bergius coal hydrogenation or the so-called Fischer-Tropsch process are based on these fossil fuels, especially coal.
  • coal is primarily made from vegetable material with a high cellulose content and petroleum from bacterial mass. Bacteria consist of 60 to 80% proteins and lipids. The heterofunctions originally present in the natural material, in particular the nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen functions, must therefore have been eliminated from these substances during the formation of petroleum. This should have been done under conditions where no carbon-carbon bonds were broken and oxidative or reductive processes were not required. So far, the assumed “natural reaction processes could not be imitated. In particular, no process has yet been found which would have made it possible to convert organic material, in particular organic material of plant or animal origin, into solid or liquid fuels under normal pressure and without involving reductive or oxidative processes.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a process for the production of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels which does not rely on fossil fuels but the conversion of biomass of microbial, vegetable or animal origin, of sediments containing organic material or garbage at normal pressure and without the involvement of reduction and oxidation processes.
  • the invention therefore relates to a method for obtaining solid, liquid and gaseous fuels from organic material in granular or powdery form using elevated temperature and with the exclusion of air, the gases and vapors escaping during heating being passed through suitable gas and liquid separators , maintains the conversion temperature until the gas and vapor evolution has essentially ended and isolates the solid conversion residue and the separated gases and liquids, which is characterized in that carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, plant, bacterial and algae masses are used as organic material, Fresh sludge, sewage sludge or digested sludge from sewage treatment plants or the organic components of domestic or industrial waste are used, and this material in the presence of a conversion catalyst at a speed of 5 to 30 ° C per minute to a conversion temperature of 200 heated up to 400 ° C.
  • Aluminum oxide, an aluminum salt, phosphoric acid, phosphate, borate, silica gel, silicates, aluminum silicate or an oxide of a transition metal, or a mixture of these catalysts can be used as the catalyst.
  • the oxide of a transition metal is preferably a Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu or Zn oxide, or a mixture of these oxides or a mixture of at least one of these oxides at least one of the aforementioned compounds.
  • Aluminum oxide, montmorillonite, mixed catalysts made of aluminum oxide / copper oxide, aluminum oxide / vanadium pentoxide and aluminum oxide / nickel oxide have proven successful.
  • the conversion temperature is preferably in the range of 250 to 350 ° C, more preferably the range of 280 to 330 ° C, a temperature of about 300 ° C is most preferred.
  • the proportion of catalyst is generally 0.01 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 6% by weight, based on the weight of the organic material used.
  • the starting material consists predominantly of cellulose and carbohydrates, for example of vegetable origin
  • coal is obtained as the main product.
  • the starting material consists mainly of proteins and lipids, eg from a biomass based on microorganisms
  • the conversion product mainly consists of oils and hydrocarbons.
  • 70 to 90% of the carbon originally present is converted into coal and oil.
  • the remaining carbon emerges in gaseous form as a mixture of CO 2 , CO, CH 4 and lower hydrocarbons.
  • the heat of combustion of the oils obtained is between 29 308 and 41 868 kJ (7000-10 000 kcal / kg) depending on the starting material, reaction conditions and catalyst.
  • the heat of combustion of the coal formed is between 12,560 and 33,494 kJ (3000-8000 kcal / kg), depending on the amount of inorganic residues present in the coal.
  • the oils obtained are free of inorganic residues and relatively low in sulfur (0.05 up to 1.0% S). In this respect, they can be compared to the best petroleum oils, which have a sulfur content of 0.3 to 6%.
  • the process according to the invention is particularly suitable for the processing and conversion of sewage sludge and digested sludge, such as is produced in plants for biological wastewater treatment.
  • This sludge is usually mechanically dewatered in filter presses or centrifuges down to a water content of around 40 to 60%. This proportion of water is significantly reduced either by drying in air or by heating, so that a dry, solid bulk material is obtained in powdery or granular form.
  • This material is used in the process according to the invention.
  • One heats up slowly in the absence of air the first thing that evaporates is the remaining water, which is condensed and collected.
  • the elimination of hetero functions begins, which increases sharply from 250 ° C and slowly decreases again from 320 ° C.
  • this gas serves as a protective gas, which prevents the entry of the air atmosphere.
  • the higher hydrocarbons and oils produced during the conversion escape as gases or vapors from the reaction vessel. They are usually condensed together and later refined.
  • the conversion oil obtained in this way has the advantage over petroleum that it does not contain any difficult-to-use asphalts and tars. It can be evaporated quantitatively, which is advantageous for further processing, particularly in crack processes for the production of gasoline.
  • Analytical studies of the conversion oil obtained according to the invention have also shown that the proportion of unbranched hydrocarbons and fatty acids can be up to 50%.
  • the fensic acid fraction is easy to remove from the oil; it is a valuable industrial raw material, the price of which is currently much higher than that of petroleum. The same applies to the unbranched hydrocarbons.
  • the fatty acids can also be converted into hydrocarbons in a known manner.
  • the sulfur and nitrogen content of the coal residue is relatively low, so the coal can also be hydrated or used to generate water gas.
  • the process according to the invention is advantageously carried out continuously by using the dry starting material, e.g. the dried sewage sludge, granular or as a powder continuously, e.g. with the help of a screw conveyor, conveyed through a heated reaction tube.
  • the dry starting material e.g. the dried sewage sludge, granular or as a powder continuously, e.g. with the help of a screw conveyor, conveyed through a heated reaction tube.
  • the conversion process is usually finished after 2 to 3 hours.
  • NiO instead of V 2 0 5 , 0.1 g of NiO can also be added.
  • Carbonaceous residue C 80.5%; H 2.4%; Heat of combustion 29 726 kJ / kg.
  • Carbonaceous residue C 78.8%; H 3.2%; Heat of combustion 29 308 kJ / kg.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Coke Industry (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

Claims (9)

1. Procédé pour récupérer des combustibles gazeux, solides et liquides d'un matériau organique sous forme granuleuse ou pulvérulente en utilisant une température élevée et à l'exclusion de l'air, dans lequel on conduit à travers un séparateur de gaz et de liquide approprié, les gaz et les vapeurs s'échappant lors du chauffage, l'on maintient la température de conversion jusqu'à ce que le développement de gaz et de vapeur soit sensiblement terminé, l'on isole le résidu solide de conversion et les gaz et liquides séparés, caractérisé par le fait que l'on utilise en tant que matériau organique des carbohydrates, des lipides, des protéines, des masses de plantes de bactéries et d'algues, des boues fraîches, des boues claires ou des boues putrifiées provenant d'installations d'épuration d'eaux usées ou les composants organiques de déchets ménagers ou industriels et que l'on chauffe ce matériau à une vitesse de 5 à 30°C par minute à une température de conversion de 200 à 400°C en presence d'un catalyseur de conversion.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait qu'on mélange au matériau organique avant le chauffage un catalyseur de conversion.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait que l'on utilise en tant que catalyseur de l'oxyde d'aluminium, un sel d'aluminium, de l'acide phosphorique, un phosphate, un borate, un gel de silice, un silicate, un silicate d'aluminium ou un oxyde d'un métal de transition ou mélange de ces catalyseurs.
4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé par le fait que l'on utilise en tant qu'oxyde d'un métal de transition, un oxyde de Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu ou Zn ou un mélange de ces oxydes ou un mélange d'au moins un de ces oxydes avec au moins un des composés cités dans la revendication 3.
5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 2, 3 ou 4, caractérisé par le fait que l'on utilise en tant que catalyseur A1203, de la montmorillonite, Al2O3+CuO, A1203+V205 ou A1203+NiO.
6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que l'on utilise une température de conversion de 250 à 350°C.
7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé par le fait que l'on utilise une température de conversion de 280-330°C.
8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé par le fait que l'on utilise une température de conversion d'environ 300°C.
9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que l'on chauffe le matériau organique avec une vitesse de 10 à 20°C par minute à la température de conversion.
EP81109604A 1980-11-14 1981-11-10 Procédé de préparation de combustibles solides, liquides et gazeux à partir de matériaux organiques Expired - Lifetime EP0052334B2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81109604T ATE20759T1 (de) 1980-11-14 1981-11-10 Verfahren zur gewinnung von festen, fluessigen und gasfoermigen brennstoffen aus organischem material.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19803042964 DE3042964A1 (de) 1980-11-14 1980-11-14 Verfahren zur eliminierung von heteroatomen aus biologischem material und organischen sedimenten zur konvertierung zu festen und fluessigen brennstoffen
DE3042964 1980-11-14

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0052334A2 EP0052334A2 (fr) 1982-05-26
EP0052334A3 EP0052334A3 (en) 1982-11-10
EP0052334B1 EP0052334B1 (fr) 1986-07-16
EP0052334B2 true EP0052334B2 (fr) 1994-05-11

Family

ID=6116767

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81109604A Expired - Lifetime EP0052334B2 (fr) 1980-11-14 1981-11-10 Procédé de préparation de combustibles solides, liquides et gazeux à partir de matériaux organiques

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5114541A (fr)
EP (1) EP0052334B2 (fr)
JP (1) JPS57111380A (fr)
AT (1) ATE20759T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA1182062A (fr)
DE (2) DE3042964A1 (fr)

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JPS5839194B2 (ja) * 1975-04-14 1983-08-27 カブシキガイシヤ エバラセイサクシヨ ユウキブツノネツブンカイホウホウ オヨビ ネツブンカイソウチ
US4111800A (en) * 1976-10-06 1978-09-05 Harendza Harinxma Alfred J Process for treating municipal solid waste and raw sewage sludge
JPS544903A (en) * 1977-06-14 1979-01-16 Agency Of Ind Science & Technol Method of recovering oils from condensed water formed on thermal decomposition of municipal waste
US4300009A (en) * 1978-12-28 1981-11-10 Mobil Oil Corporation Conversion of biological material to liquid fuels
US4298350A (en) * 1979-09-17 1981-11-03 Occidental Research Corporation Method of embrittling waste

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3042964A1 (de) 1982-07-01
JPH0461037B2 (fr) 1992-09-29
CA1182062A (fr) 1985-02-05
EP0052334A2 (fr) 1982-05-26
US5114541A (en) 1992-05-19
EP0052334A3 (en) 1982-11-10
EP0052334B1 (fr) 1986-07-16
ATE20759T1 (de) 1986-08-15
JPS57111380A (en) 1982-07-10
DE3174939D1 (en) 1986-08-21

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