DK0831048T3 - Indretning til justering af en på en bane påført spænding - Google Patents
Indretning til justering af en på en bane påført spændingInfo
- Publication number
- DK0831048T3 DK0831048T3 DK97115567T DK97115567T DK0831048T3 DK 0831048 T3 DK0831048 T3 DK 0831048T3 DK 97115567 T DK97115567 T DK 97115567T DK 97115567 T DK97115567 T DK 97115567T DK 0831048 T3 DK0831048 T3 DK 0831048T3
- Authority
- DK
- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- track
- adjusting
- voltage applied
- voltage
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H23/00—Registering, tensioning, smoothing or guiding webs
- B65H23/04—Registering, tensioning, smoothing or guiding webs longitudinally
- B65H23/06—Registering, tensioning, smoothing or guiding webs longitudinally by retarding devices, e.g. acting on web-roll spindle
- B65H23/063—Registering, tensioning, smoothing or guiding webs longitudinally by retarding devices, e.g. acting on web-roll spindle and controlling web tension
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H75/00—Storing webs, tapes, or filamentary material, e.g. on reels
- B65H75/02—Cores, formers, supports, or holders for coiled, wound, or folded material, e.g. reels, spindles, bobbins, cop tubes, cans, mandrels or chucks
- B65H75/04—Kinds or types
- B65H75/08—Kinds or types of circular or polygonal cross-section
- B65H75/10—Kinds or types of circular or polygonal cross-section without flanges, e.g. cop tubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B41/00—Supplying or feeding container-forming sheets or wrapping material
- B65B41/12—Feeding webs from rolls
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B57/00—Automatic control, checking, warning, or safety devices
- B65B57/02—Automatic control, checking, warning, or safety devices responsive to absence, presence, abnormal feed, or misplacement of binding or wrapping material, containers, or packages
- B65B57/04—Automatic control, checking, warning, or safety devices responsive to absence, presence, abnormal feed, or misplacement of binding or wrapping material, containers, or packages and operating to control, or to stop, the feed of such material, containers, or packages
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H16/00—Unwinding, paying-out webs
- B65H16/005—Dispensers, i.e. machines for unwinding only parts of web roll
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H16/00—Unwinding, paying-out webs
- B65H16/10—Arrangements for effecting positive rotation of web roll
- B65H16/103—Arrangements for effecting positive rotation of web roll in which power is applied to web-roll spindle
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H26/00—Warning or safety devices, e.g. automatic fault detectors, stop-motions, for web-advancing mechanisms
- B65H26/06—Warning or safety devices, e.g. automatic fault detectors, stop-motions, for web-advancing mechanisms responsive to predetermined lengths of webs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H26/00—Warning or safety devices, e.g. automatic fault detectors, stop-motions, for web-advancing mechanisms
- B65H26/08—Warning or safety devices, e.g. automatic fault detectors, stop-motions, for web-advancing mechanisms responsive to a predetermined diameter
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H75/00—Storing webs, tapes, or filamentary material, e.g. on reels
- B65H75/02—Cores, formers, supports, or holders for coiled, wound, or folded material, e.g. reels, spindles, bobbins, cop tubes, cans, mandrels or chucks
- B65H75/18—Constructional details
- B65H75/182—Identification means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2511/00—Dimensions; Position; Numbers; Identification; Occurrences
- B65H2511/10—Size; Dimensions
- B65H2511/11—Length
- B65H2511/114—Remaining length of web roll
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2511/00—Dimensions; Position; Numbers; Identification; Occurrences
- B65H2511/10—Size; Dimensions
- B65H2511/14—Diameter, e.g. of roll or package
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2513/00—Dynamic entities; Timing aspects
- B65H2513/10—Speed
- B65H2513/11—Speed angular
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2553/00—Sensing or detecting means
- B65H2553/20—Sensing or detecting means using electric elements
- B65H2553/22—Magnetic detectors, e.g. Hall detectors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2553/00—Sensing or detecting means
- B65H2553/40—Sensing or detecting means using optical, e.g. photographic, elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2553/00—Sensing or detecting means
- B65H2553/51—Encoders, e.g. linear
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2801/00—Application field
- B65H2801/81—Packaging machines
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Controlling Rewinding, Feeding, Winding, Or Abnormalities Of Webs (AREA)
- Registering, Tensioning, Guiding Webs, And Rollers Therefor (AREA)
- Storage Of Web-Like Or Filamentary Materials (AREA)
- Package Closures (AREA)
- Containers And Plastic Fillers For Packaging (AREA)
- Unwinding Webs (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP25049296 | 1996-09-20 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DK0831048T3 true DK0831048T3 (da) | 2002-11-04 |
Family
ID=17208681
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DK97115567T DK0831048T3 (da) | 1996-09-20 | 1997-09-08 | Indretning til justering af en på en bane påført spænding |
DK00109244T DK1029818T3 (da) | 1996-09-20 | 1997-09-08 | Banerulle til anvendelse ved en indretning til emballering af lægemidler. |
DK00116709T DK1052211T3 (da) | 1996-09-20 | 1997-09-08 | Kernerør til en banerulle |
Family Applications After (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DK00109244T DK1029818T3 (da) | 1996-09-20 | 1997-09-08 | Banerulle til anvendelse ved en indretning til emballering af lægemidler. |
DK00116709T DK1052211T3 (da) | 1996-09-20 | 1997-09-08 | Kernerør til en banerulle |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (3) | EP1052211B1 (da) |
KR (1) | KR100310966B1 (da) |
CN (3) | CN1165472C (da) |
CA (3) | CA2214597C (da) |
DE (3) | DE69721591T2 (da) |
DK (3) | DK0831048T3 (da) |
ES (3) | ES2195816T3 (da) |
PT (3) | PT1029818E (da) |
TW (1) | TW348165B (da) |
Families Citing this family (45)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19838545A1 (de) * | 1998-08-25 | 2000-03-02 | Focke & Co | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erkennen von Druckmarken |
US6247293B1 (en) * | 1998-11-03 | 2001-06-19 | Klockner Bartelt, Inc. | Modular packaging machine with web tension control |
US6272815B1 (en) * | 1998-11-03 | 2001-08-14 | Klockner-Bartelt, Inc. | Servo-controlled pouch making apparatus |
US6195967B1 (en) * | 1998-11-03 | 2001-03-06 | Klockner Bartelt, Inc. | Packaging machine having continuous and intermittent modes |
DE19936006A1 (de) * | 1999-08-04 | 2001-03-01 | Honeywell Ag | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Position von Materialabschnitten in gewickelten Materialbahnen |
JP3964730B2 (ja) * | 2002-05-02 | 2007-08-22 | 株式会社湯山製作所 | 薬剤包装装置 |
DE10324356A1 (de) * | 2003-05-27 | 2005-01-05 | Kunststoff-Spritzgußwerk Ing. Klaus Burk GmbH | Wickelhülse |
CN1299959C (zh) * | 2004-07-22 | 2007-02-14 | 安庆市恒昌机械制造有限责任公司 | 条状无纺布基材的恒张力拼接装置 |
JP2006272883A (ja) * | 2005-03-30 | 2006-10-12 | Nissha Printing Co Ltd | 転写成形装置及び転写成形方法 |
JP4396573B2 (ja) * | 2005-05-10 | 2010-01-13 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | ロール紙搬送装置および印刷装置 |
JP5510781B2 (ja) | 2009-09-15 | 2014-06-04 | 株式会社リコー | 給紙装置及び画像形成装置 |
CN102806572B (zh) * | 2011-06-02 | 2014-09-10 | 北新集团建材股份有限公司 | 一种张力自整定自引纸切纸装置 |
KR102223436B1 (ko) * | 2012-10-03 | 2021-03-05 | 가부시키가이샤 유야마 세이사쿠쇼 | 약제 감사 시스템, 권취 장치, 조출 장치 및 홀더 |
KR101404028B1 (ko) * | 2013-02-04 | 2014-06-27 | 한국철도기술연구원 | 홀센서를 이용한 볼트 및 너트의 풀림 상태 검지 장치 |
CN103086180B (zh) * | 2013-02-19 | 2016-06-01 | 苏州东昇机电科技有限公司 | 一种放卷机及控制柔性材料放卷的方法 |
KR101456993B1 (ko) * | 2013-03-18 | 2014-11-04 | 주식회사 인포피아 | 약제 포장지의 실시간 장력 제어 시스템 |
CN103420199B (zh) * | 2013-07-24 | 2016-06-08 | 宁波欣达印刷机器有限公司 | 组合式凹版印刷机辅助收料装置 |
CN103587998B (zh) * | 2013-11-05 | 2016-06-15 | 成都瑞克西自动化技术有限公司 | 张力控制装置 |
CN104562514B (zh) * | 2015-01-13 | 2016-08-17 | 海宁华讯纺织有限公司 | 印染机中布料的过料装置 |
GB201513541D0 (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-09-16 | Videojet Technologies Inc | Tape drive and associated spool |
KR102452199B1 (ko) * | 2015-12-21 | 2022-10-06 | 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 | 롤러블 디스플레이 장치 및 이의 검사 장치 |
CN105645150B (zh) * | 2016-03-23 | 2018-03-06 | 长园长通新材料股份有限公司 | 一种热缩片材全自动打卷包装设备 |
CN105947267B (zh) * | 2016-04-29 | 2018-07-31 | 青岛三维海容机电有限公司 | 一种药粒封包装置 |
CN105855323A (zh) * | 2016-06-02 | 2016-08-17 | 新昌县羽林街道上大轴承厂 | 一种机械加工专用的金属板开卷机 |
WO2018192925A1 (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2018-10-25 | Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance S.A. | Wrapping of food products |
WO2019022772A1 (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2019-01-31 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | DETERMINING LENGTHS OF BAND MEDIA |
CN108059024A (zh) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-05-22 | 温州市华龙印刷机械有限公司 | 一种放卷张力自动控制结构 |
DE102017131417A1 (de) * | 2017-12-29 | 2019-07-04 | Weber Maschinenbau Gmbh Breidenbach | Vorrichtung zum Verpacken von Objekten |
CN108975094A (zh) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-12-11 | 郑州默尔电子信息技术有限公司 | 一种可调式电缆绕线器 |
CN109911671A (zh) * | 2019-02-28 | 2019-06-21 | 深圳市汇美新科技有限公司 | 一种等距离收卷控制方法及收卷机构 |
CN109733950B (zh) * | 2019-03-06 | 2020-12-01 | 桐乡市隆源纺织有限公司 | 指示灯并联指示式绕线机构及钩头固定线头的绕线卷方法 |
JP7298867B2 (ja) | 2019-03-08 | 2023-06-27 | 株式会社タカゾノ | 巻回体と包装装置との組み合わせ |
CN110127461B (zh) * | 2019-05-28 | 2022-04-05 | 肇庆学院 | 一种农用线材收放装置 |
CN110296726B (zh) * | 2019-06-27 | 2024-10-25 | 武汉市海维鑫科技有限公司 | 一种编码器装置 |
CN110342296A (zh) * | 2019-08-16 | 2019-10-18 | 苏州金纬片板膜智能装备有限公司 | 用于复合片材的收放卷一体机 |
CN111196057B (zh) * | 2020-03-15 | 2021-05-07 | 江西伊发电力科技股份有限公司 | 一种变压器用硬板纸筒成型机 |
CN111671348B (zh) * | 2020-05-13 | 2022-07-05 | 北京小趣智品科技有限公司 | 用纸数据的处理方法及系统 |
CN114312055B (zh) * | 2020-09-30 | 2023-12-29 | 上海商米科技集团股份有限公司 | 一种纸张宽度类型自动检测方法及其系统 |
CN113002143B (zh) * | 2021-02-26 | 2022-08-26 | 重庆市金利药包材料有限公司 | 一种用于包装袋生产的双面印刷装置 |
CN113184599B (zh) * | 2021-04-30 | 2023-07-28 | 杭州丙甲科技有限公司 | 用于将片材展开成包装材料的装置及其张力调节方法 |
CN114030666B (zh) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-12-27 | 重庆市轩瑞食品有限公司 | 一种酱卤鸡爪的加工方法及其全自动封口包装机 |
CN114803723A (zh) * | 2022-04-15 | 2022-07-29 | 哈工大机器人(合肥)国际创新研究院 | 一种线缆收放装置 |
CN114935321B (zh) * | 2022-05-11 | 2023-06-16 | 江汉大学 | 一种高精度启闭闸门开度测量方法 |
CN115285398B (zh) * | 2022-09-28 | 2022-12-13 | 常州隆利医疗科技有限公司 | 一种一次性使用无菌注射器智能自动包装机 |
CN117509278B (zh) * | 2023-12-29 | 2024-09-20 | 维达纸业(浙江)有限公司 | 一种卷纸绕卷定量控制系统 |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3396919A (en) * | 1966-03-01 | 1968-08-13 | Gen Cable Corp | Magnetic bobbin holding device |
US3898436A (en) * | 1974-03-22 | 1975-08-05 | Armco Steel Corp | Coil diameter control system |
US4199118A (en) * | 1979-01-10 | 1980-04-22 | The Black Clawson Company | Method and apparatus for controlling the braking system for an unwinder |
US4286757A (en) * | 1980-04-03 | 1981-09-01 | The Black Clawson Company | Method and apparatus for controlling the braking system for an unwinder |
US4357086A (en) * | 1980-08-18 | 1982-11-02 | Nippon Kogaku K.K. | Focus detecting optical device of a single lens reflex camera |
US4477398A (en) * | 1982-07-06 | 1984-10-16 | Eastman Kodak Company | Yarn monitoring process |
JPS61211263A (ja) * | 1985-03-13 | 1986-09-19 | Toshiba Corp | 巻取装置の駆動装置 |
JPH035178A (ja) * | 1989-06-02 | 1991-01-10 | Sony Corp | プリント用ロール紙のスプール |
JP3275921B2 (ja) * | 1992-06-11 | 2002-04-22 | 株式会社安川電機 | 巻出しコイルの初期径検出方法 |
DE4300403A1 (de) * | 1993-01-09 | 1994-07-14 | Esselte Meto Int Gmbh | Antriebsvorrichtung für bandförmiges Material |
JP3357410B2 (ja) * | 1993-01-22 | 2002-12-16 | 日本たばこ産業株式会社 | たばこ製造機の帯状材繰出し装置 |
JPH06239428A (ja) * | 1993-02-10 | 1994-08-30 | Rohm Co Ltd | 電子部品用シュータ |
US5503349A (en) * | 1993-07-09 | 1996-04-02 | Certek Corporation | Roll-stand brake |
US5481855A (en) * | 1994-09-27 | 1996-01-09 | Yuyama; Shoji | Tablet packing device and method for controlling the same |
EP0875482A1 (en) * | 1997-04-29 | 1998-11-04 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Encoding and reading information on a roll of media |
-
1997
- 1997-08-29 CA CA002214597A patent/CA2214597C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-08-29 CA CA002316140A patent/CA2316140C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-08-29 CA CA002316091A patent/CA2316091A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-09-08 PT PT00109244T patent/PT1029818E/pt unknown
- 1997-09-08 DE DE69721591T patent/DE69721591T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-09-08 ES ES00109244T patent/ES2195816T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-09-08 PT PT97115567T patent/PT831048E/pt unknown
- 1997-09-08 EP EP00116709A patent/EP1052211B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-09-08 PT PT00116709T patent/PT1052211E/pt unknown
- 1997-09-08 DK DK97115567T patent/DK0831048T3/da active
- 1997-09-08 DK DK00109244T patent/DK1029818T3/da active
- 1997-09-08 DK DK00116709T patent/DK1052211T3/da active
- 1997-09-08 EP EP97115567A patent/EP0831048B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-09-08 DE DE69721084T patent/DE69721084T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-09-08 EP EP00109244A patent/EP1029818B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-09-08 DE DE69714535T patent/DE69714535T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-09-08 ES ES97115567T patent/ES2179986T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-09-08 ES ES00116709T patent/ES2193914T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-09-12 TW TW086113372A patent/TW348165B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-09-20 KR KR1019970047867A patent/KR100310966B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-09-22 CN CNB001065300A patent/CN1165472C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-09-22 CN CN97119204A patent/CN1077080C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-09-22 CN CNB011197374A patent/CN1162317C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DK0831048T3 (da) | Indretning til justering af en på en bane påført spænding | |
DK0903311T3 (da) | Indretning til justering af spænding påført på en bane | |
DK0917484T3 (da) | Anordning til forbedring af transdermal sampling | |
DE69830430D1 (de) | Gleitende Wiederherstellungsvorrichtung | |
DE69734593D1 (de) | Ausgabevorrichtung für 2-komponenten-substanzen | |
DE69631820D1 (de) | Aufzeichnungsvorrichtung | |
DE59707011D1 (de) | Strassenfertiger | |
DE69731557D1 (de) | Netzbefestigungsvorrichtung | |
DK1073591T3 (da) | Indretning til sammenlåsning af to dele | |
DK0684174T3 (da) | Indretning til låsning af bevægelige sporskiftedele | |
DK0402351T3 (da) | Indretning til fastgørelse af tvangskinner | |
DK0554238T3 (da) | Anordning til forbindelse af skinner | |
NO965401D0 (no) | Styringsanordning for lysarmatur på strömskinner | |
DK0958186T3 (da) | Indretning til sammenlåsning af to dele | |
KR980003101U (ko) | 수로용 수문장치 | |
KR970052843U (ko) | 스트립 정렬 장치 | |
FI972552A (fi) | Laite kattoja varten | |
FIU960267U0 (fi) | Laite kasveja varten | |
DE69708245D1 (de) | Fixiervorrichtung | |
KR970006033U (ko) | 철탑용 시설물 고정장치 | |
KR970058512U (ko) | 바리케이트 | |
NO971600D0 (no) | Snöfanger | |
SE9400952D0 (sv) | Anordning vid broar | |
KR970064140U (ko) | 피시엠 고정장치 | |
DK0852845T3 (da) | Indretning til absorbering af elektrisk støj |