DE60319400T2 - BREATHABLE AND MULTILAYER TISSUE - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The The invention relates to a multi-layered, breathable - that is water vapor permeable - textile sheet (including Woven and knitted fabric), and in particular, but not exclusively textile fabric for clothing. In a special embodiment The invention relates to a fabric for the production of work clothes for Protection against the effects of heat, flames or electrical Arc and the like. Therefore, the invention also relates to a Fire protection garment with a novel, breathable, moisture-permeable fabric as an inner layer. However, the textile fabric can also used in the leisure sector, for example for manufacturing of functional underwear.

DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED TECHNIQUE

The prior art already describes "breathable" fabric structures, such. As those sold under the name GORE-TEX ^®. Breathable fabrics are on the one hand substantially impermeable to water, while on the other hand allow water vapor to escape through the fabric. These fabrics are used for garments, especially jackets and coats and pants.

The fabric is waterproof, while preventing sweat from accumulating under the mantle. U.S. Patent No. 3272685 describes a waterproof fabric having at least two different layers.

The German patent DE 19547704 A1 describes a multi-ply fabric consisting of two fabric layers with different denier values used to transport sweat and other body fluids. The fabric layers comprise a material from the group consisting of polyester, nylon and acrylic resin. However, this substance is not suitable for the production of protective clothing.

The German patent DE 4307501 A1 describes a multi-layer textile fabric with an inner layer of microfibers, whereby the fabric has a suction or capillary action and improves the water vapor transport from the inside to the outside. The described fabrics are used to make sportswear, casual wear and the like.

In As a rule, protective clothing, for example for firefighters, is itself very heavy. The protective clothing offers protection by being solid, but this limits the ability to move of the carrier strong and leads To severe heat stress, whereby the wearing comfort is significantly impaired.

moreover must be in Be considered that fire protective clothing national standards, for example the standards DIN EN 469 or SN 054551.

As explained above has been shown that so far because of lack of welding transport out of the inner protective clothing the persons concerned, this means Firefighters, are very well protected against outside dangers, but the wearing comfort despite the multi-layered structure from the physiological point of view is not optimal. There is also a large accumulation of moisture on the skin in the case of fire very dangerous, as a result of the generated Water vapor severe burns are to be feared.

Therefore exists in the field of protective clothing for firefighters for a long time a need to find materials that have a protective function, flame resistance as well as heat insulation and greater wearing comfort facilitated sweat transport without storing moisture in the fiber.

Consequently the object of the invention is to provide a novel multilayer, to provide breathable fabric used in the manufacture of garments, especially for fire protection clothing, can be used.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This object is achieved by a multi-layer, breathable textile fabric 1 for clothing pieces with improved comfort due to ease of moisture transport solved, characterized in that the textile fabric 1 at least two separate layers 2 . 3 which are interconnected by dots or lines or otherwise over the entire surface whose warp and weft yarns consist of aramid yarns or aramid yarns or aramid filament yarns or yarns made from mixed fibers containing polybenzimidazole and aramid fibers; 2 . 3 have different degrees of fineness of the individual fibers to a fineness gradient across the thickness 7 of the substance 1 to effect, with the substantially skin-facing side 6 the situation 3 the coarser Einzelfasertiter and the situation with the side facing away from the skin 4 has the finer single fiber titer.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

1 shows a plan view of the multilayer fabric according to the invention 1 with the side facing away from the skin 6.

2 shows a section through the multilayer fabric according to the invention 1 from 1 along the line 2-2.

3a Fig. 12 shows a mechanical representation of a repeating section of plain weave structure of one embodiment of a fabric 1 with double weave tie used in the example, seen towards the skin side 6 ,

3b shows a mechanical representation of a repeating unit of matter 1 from 3a , seen from the side 4 out.

3c shows a symbolic weave pattern of the fabric 1 of the 3a and 3b ,

3d shows a weaving harness lifting plan for the symbolic weave pattern in 3c Each column corresponds to a separate woven harness.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

By The intelligent structuring of the textile fabric will be a good one Insulation achieved at relatively low weight per square meter. Further, the by the carrier sweat produced immediately transported to the side facing away from the skin (suction or wicking effect), so that the carrier no more wet experience and no moisture can accumulate.

in the Compared to the proven Reference material according to the prior art, d. H. Aramid lining, offers the substance of the invention while practically the same thermal insulation, However, in comparison to the material according to the prior art, in terms of weight per square meter, about four to eight times so high moisture absorption. The time in which the sweat drops be absorbed, is at the material of the invention less than a second. In the conventional material, d. H. with aramid lining, is this value is about five Minutes.

The mode of action of the textile fabric according to the invention 1 can be described as follows. The fabric 1 consists of at least two separate individual layers 2 . 3 that in predetermined places 5 are connected by selected binding yarns, which are part of the skin-facing layer 3 are. The binding threads are determined by the situation 2 woven or knitted or sewn on the skin side. The binding yarns are at this predetermined location on the skin side 6 visible in the form of dots.

The moisture on the skin is absorbed by the microfibre that makes up the twines, which are the ones on the skin side 6 lying points 5 form; it then becomes due to the capillary action of the microfibers along the tie yarns to the back of the sheet or layer 3 and in the preferred direction of the twines to the skin-facing layer 3 transported away. On the skin-facing side 6 It evaporates quickly because of the large surface of the waffle structure. As a result, the skin-facing side remains 6 always relatively dry compared to normal material, eg. B. normal aramid feed.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the multi-ply, breathable fabric 1 used for making a work garment, for example for firefighters. The textile fabric 1 consists of a base fabric, a layer or layer 2 and a microfiber web, layer or layer 3 , each layer 2 . 3 Warp and weft yarns on has.

The warp and weft yarns for each of the layers 2 . 3 can be made from aramid spun yarn (made from staple fiber) as well as from continuous multifilament yarn. Combinations are also possible. However, phenol-formaldehyde fibers, polyamide-polyimide fibers, polybenzimidazole fibers or fiber blends consisting of the above-mentioned fibers may also be used in the present invention, or fiber blends containing aramid or blended fibers containing polybenzimidazole and aramid fibers may also be used.

When the substance of the invention 1 Of course, there is no longer any need to use aramid yarn in the leisure sector. In this case, polyester and / or polyamide yarns may then be used for one or both layers 2 . 3 be used. Such materials are generally known to the person skilled in the art.

According to the invention, the aramid yarns consist of aramid fibers of the group consisting of Nomex ^®, Kevlar ^®, Twaron ^®, Technora ^®, and Teijinconex ^®. Products such. B. Kynol ^® are used as phenol-formaldehyde fibers, and products such. B. Kermel ^® are used as polyamide / polyimide fibers.

Possible bindings are all woven or knitted basic weave types and their variants.

The Aramid fibers are natural or dyed.

According to the invention, the fabric layers have 2 . 3 a weight per square meter in the range of 50 to 450 g / m ² .

According to the invention, in a preferred embodiment, the breathable material 1 a duplex construction that has at least two interconnected layers or layers 2 . 3 having. The layers 2 . 3 are connected by selected binding yarns, which are part of the skin-facing layer 3 are and points 5 or form lines or other structure over the entire surface, whereby, in one embodiment, the in 1 shown structure can be formed. The individual microfiber points 5 are each arranged at a distance x ₁ in the weft direction and x ₂ in the warp direction from each other, as in 1 indicated. The distances x ₁ and x ₂ are to be chosen so that a water microdroplet on the surface 6 the skin-facing layer 2 at least one of the points 5 or at least one of the lines touches. The base fabric or the layer according to the invention 2 basically consists of a basic fabric or basic knit, the layers 2 . 3 have different individual fiber titer, ie fineness of the individual fibers to a fineness gradient across the thickness 7 of the substance 1 to effect. According to the invention, however, the layer is 3 with the greater degree of fineness on the outside, that is on the side facing away from the skin 4 , In detail, this layer has 3 Single fiber titer of less than 1.3 dtex, in particular less than 1 dtex. Preferably, the microfiber layer has 3 a highly structured surface 10 , The one in the shift 3 The fibers used are microfibers, ie a new generation of extremely fine denier fibers. With these microfiber yarns you can make very windproof, fine-pored, water-repellent fabrics that have a soft feel, but good drainage of water vapor or moisture of a sweaty person. This effect is in 2 shown. Sweat formed on the skin 8th gets through the microfiber dots 5 taken up and by the capillary action of the binding yarns of the fabric 3 (Wicking 9 ) transported to the outside. This wicking 9 is for the transport of moisture 8th (Sweat, condensation) from the inside 6 to the outside 4 necessary.

• (A) eine äußere Schicht oder Hülle allein oder als zweilagiges oder dreilagiges Laminat;
• (B) eine dazwischenliegende Wassersperrschicht: Laminat mit oder ohne Trägerschicht; und
• (C) ein Innengewebe 1: Fritsche "Function" (gemäß der Erfindung), z. B. 95% Nomex^®, 5% Kevlar^®, vermischt mit 100%-iger Aramidmikrofaser, Quadratmetergewicht im Bereich von 100 bis 350 g/m², insbesondere 280 g/m², Breite im Bereich von 100 bis 200 cm, insbesondere 160 cm, Garnfeinheit, Kette und Schuß: Nomex^® III, Berliner Blau Nm 40/2 für Schicht 2 des Stoffs 1 und Meta-Aramid-Mikrofaser naturweiß Nm 80/2 für Schicht 3 des Stoffs 1; und Bindungstyp für Stoff 1: Gewebe: spezielle doppelseitige (Lagen-) Bindung, insbesondere Sonja 0203-Struktur.

In one embodiment, the textile fabric may 1 to be used in a fire protection jacket. The textile fabric 1 or insulating lining may be included in a composite with other materials. For example, an article may be made that includes:

• (A) an outer layer or shell alone or as a two-ply or three-ply laminate;
• (B) an intermediate water barrier layer: laminate with or without a backing layer; and
• (C) an inner fabric 1: Fritsche "Function" (according to the invention), e.g. B. 95% Nomex ^® , 5% Kevlar ^® , mixed with 100% aramid microfiber, square meter weight in the range of 100 to 350 g / m ² , in particular 280 g / m ² , width in the range of 100 to 200 cm, in particular 160 cm, yarn fineness, warp and weft: Nomex ^® III, Berlin blue Nm 40/2 for layer 2 of fabric 1 and meta-aramid microfiber natural white Nm 80/2 for layer 3 of fabric 1; and Binding Type for Fabric 1: Fabric: Special double-sided (ply) bond, especially Sonja 0203 structure.

1

Textile according to the invention Fabric "Fritsche Function"

2

Base fabric, layer or layer

3

microfiber layer or layer with a single fiber titer of less than 1.3 dtex

4

skin-facing side or surface of the situation 3

5

Microfiber point, consisting of microfiber twine from or from layer 3

6

skin-facing side or surface of the situation 2

7

Thickness of the fabric 1

8th

humidity (Sweat, Condensate, steam, water)

9

wicking

10

highly textured surface of the microfiber layer 3

x ₁

distance between the microfiber points in the weft direction

x ₂

distance between the microfiber dots in the warp direction

EXAMPLE

A mixture of fibers, commercially available from EI du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, Delaware, USA, under the trade name Nomex ^® N301, having a cut length of 5 cm and consisting of:
95 wt% pigmented polymethaphenylene isophthalamide (Mets-Aramid) staple fibers of 1.7 dtex; and
5% by weight of polyparaphenylene terephthalamide (para-aramid) fibers,
was ring spun into a plain staple yarn (Y1) using a conventional cotton batch processor.

Y1 had a denier of Nm 40/1 or 250 dtex and a twist of 700 turns per meter (TPM) in the Z direction and was subsequently steamed to stabilize its tendency to curl. Two Y1 yarns were then stapled and twisted together. The resulting plied and twisted yarn (TV1) had a denier of Nm 40/2 or 500 dtex and a twist of 500 TPM in the S direction. TV1 was used as warp yarn and weft yarn for the skin-facing layer or the base fabric 2 used.

A fiber that is commercially available from EI du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, Delaware, USA, is available under the trade name Nomex ^® T 450, with an average length of 5 cm and consisting of 100% polymetaphenylene (Mets-aramid), in The form of staple fibers of 1.1 dtex was ring spun into a single staple fiber yarn (V2) using a conventional cotton staple processor.

Y2 had a denier of Nm 80/1 or 125 dtex and a twist of 1070 turns per meter (TPM) in the Z direction and was subsequently steamed to stabilize its tendency to curl. Two Y2 yarns were then stapled and twisted together. The resulting plied and twisted yarn (TY2) had a denier Nm 80/2 or 250 dtex and a twist of 750 TPM in the S direction. TY2 was used as warp yarn and weft yarn for the skin-facing layer 3 used. TY2 was also used as a twine between the two layers because it has the highest capillarity.

TY1 and TY2 were woven into a double-sided special bond according to the Sonja 0203 structure, as in US Pat 3a -D shown.

• (1) 75 Gew.-% pigmentierten Polymetaphenylenisophthalamid-(Mets-Aramid-)Stapelfasern von 1,7 dtex;
• (2) 23 Gew.-% Polyparaphenylenterephthalamid-(Para-Aramid-)Fasern; und
• (3) 2 Gew.-% antistatischen Fasern mit Kohlestoffkern und Polyamidmantel.

This tissue 1 was tested as a liner heatstop used in a multi-ply structure (garment in Table I) which further had: (1) an intermediate water barrier layer of a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane laminate on a 85 weight percent Nomex nonwoven fabric ^® and 15 wt .-% Kevlar ^® with a basis weight of 135 g / m ² (commercially available under the trade name GORETEX ^® Fireblocker N from the WL Gore and Associates, Delaware, USA) and (2) an outer shell having a basis weight of 195 g / m ^2, which consisted of a blend of fibers, commercially available from EI du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, Delaware, USA, consisting under the trade name Nomex ^® N305, having a cut length of 5 cm and from:

• (1) 75 wt% pigmented polymetaphenylene isophthalamide (Mets-Aramid) staple fibers of 1.7 dtex;
• (2) 23% by weight of polyparaphenylene terephthalamide (para-aramid) fibers; and
• (3) 2 wt% antistatic fibers with carbon core and polyamide sheath.

This fabric combination was ge with a combination of radiation and convection according to the thermal performance method (TPP method) (ISO-FDIS 17492) ASTM D-4108 (NFPA 1971). TABLE 1 Description of the structure Time to pain registration (s) 2nd degree combustion (s) TPP rating (cal / m ² ) Tissue loss factor Sample 7 (3 layers) - outer shell 195 (g / m ² ) 9.8 16.0 32.0 5.4 - water barrier 135 (g / m ² ) 9.5 15.7 31.4 5.3 - inner lining / heat barrier 265 (g / m ² ) 9.5 15.8 31.6 5.3 Total effective weight: 595 (g / m ² ) Mean: 9.6 Mean: 15.8 Mean: 31.7 Mean: 5.3

The tissue failure factor (FFF) is defined as 100 times the TPP rating (that is the energy in (cal / cm ² ) measured in the simulation of a second degree burn) divided by the tissue weight in g / m ² , FFF = 100 × TPP / fabric weight.

Of the FFF was 5.3, compared to the value of the prior art or reference, which is between 5.2 and 6.7.

This FFF of 5.3 shows that the Fabric used in this example in heat protection garments can be.

This tissue 1 was also tested after a water permeability test with water drops of 60 ml by syringe to the tissue 1 were applied. The test consisted of measuring the penetration time and the absorption time. This test was for the skin-facing location 2 alone without the second location 3 and the twine is repeated. The results are shown in Table 2. TABLE 2 sample test penetration Skin-friendly location alone Drop 1 2 s Drop 2 5 s Drop 3 3 s Drop 4 7 s Drops 5 3 s Average 4 s Fabric according to the invention Drop 1 immediately Drop 2 immediately Drop 3 immediately Drop 4 immediately Drops 5 immediately Average immediately Control fabric Nomex ^® Comfort, padded with felt, 250 g / m ² Drop 1 6 s Drop 2 7 s Drop 3 7 s Drop 4 6 s Drops 5 8 s Average 7 s

This Test shows that the skin-facing position without application of the invention no better than is a normal tissue. This test therefore confirms that the invention from the effect mediated by the capillary action of the Bind existing points and the preferred direction of the Bindegarne is dependent on the skin-facing situation.

This fabric 1 was tested by a water absorption test method. The test consisted of applying a 20 ml colored water drop to the skin-facing tissue layer, measuring the size of the drop on each layer of the sample after 60 seconds. The results are shown in Tables 3 and 4. TABLE 3 Fabric according to the invention Skin-facing location test Size in mm Drop 1 6 Drop 2 6 Drop 3 6 Average 6 TABLE 4 test Minimum size in mm after penetration Maximum size in mm after penetration Skin-remote location Drop 1 25 33 Drop 2 27 35 Drop 3 26 38 Control fabric Nomex ^® Comfort, padded with felt, 250 g / m ² Drop 1 0 0 Drop 2 0 0 Drop 3 0 0

This test demonstrates the ability of the tissue to distribute the water on the skin-remote site. As a result, the skin-facing layer always remains relatively dry compared to normal material, as does the control aramid lining fabric fed with felt of 250 g / m ² .

The fabric 1 was tested according to the method for measuring the moisture absorption on porous disks, STFI specification PE03 from the Saxon textile research institute, which simulates the physiological properties of a tissue in contact with moist skin. The moisture uptake was measured in g / dm ² and the relative moisture uptake was calculated according to the basis weight of the fabric. Fabric 1 was also tested after the hot plate test with ISO-11092 sweat protection to determine the RET value. This fabric was compared with a control Fritsche 48101330022941 tissue which a Nomex ^® Comfort liner of 140 g / m ² quilted with a Nomex ^® knitted -Hitzesperre of 190 g / m ^2, was. The results are shown in Table 5. TABLE 5 RET value (m ² Pa / W) Absolute moisture absorption (g / dm ² ) Relative moisture absorption (%) tissue 1 Function 5.78 7.7 255 Control fabric Fritsche 48101330022941 6.86 2.4 67.5

These Results demonstrate that the Tissue based on the square meter weight moisture absorption which is about four times as high as the material the state of the art. These are good results, and they show that the Fabric 1 slightly wicks the moisture away from the wearer's skin receives. The RET value of 5.78 is rated very good (<6 very good, 6-13 good 13-20 sufficient,> 20 insufficient), and demonstrates that this Fabric 1 is very breathable.

This substance 1 was tested according to the contact heat resistance test according to prEN 702. The threshold time t _t (sec) at 100 ° C was measured at 19.8 sec and was significantly better than a standard fabric out of Nomex ^® N307 having a t _t (s) value at 100 ° C of 18.4 s.

The According to the invention garments can after Wish to be confectioned.

The fabric according to the invention is natural not limited to use for the production of protective clothing. Especially can the fabric for the production of casual wear, especially for Production of functional underwear, to be used.

Claims (16)

Multi-layer, breathable textile fabric ( 1 ) for garments with improved comfort for easy moisture transport, characterized in that the textile fabric ( 1 ) at least two separate layers ( 2 . 3 ), wherein the two separate layers at predetermined locations ( 5 ) are interconnected by selected tie yarns that are part of the skin-facing layer ( 3 ), wherein the binding yarns by the position ( 2 ) are woven or knitted or sewn on the skin side, their warp and weft yarns consist of aramid yarns or aramid yarns or aramid filament yarns or yarns made from mixed fibers containing polybenzimidazole and aramid fibers, the layers ( 2 . 3 ) have different degrees of fiber fineness to achieve a fineness gradient across the thickness ( 7 ) of the substance ( 1 ), the substantially skin-facing side ( 6 ) the situation ( 2 ) the coarser Einzelfasertiter and the situation with the side facing away from the skin ( 4 ) has the finer single fiber titer. Textile fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that the layer ( 2 ) is a woven, knitted or warp knitted fabric. A textile fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that the second layer ( 3 ) is a woven, knitted or warp knitted fabric. A textile fabric according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that all the layers ( 2 . 3 ) have a structure which has at least two different individual fiber finenesses. Textile fabric according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it is a duplex construction with two bound layers. Textile fabric according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the layer ( 2 ) as well as the location ( 3 ) are visible on the skin-facing side, but the surface area ratio may vary. Textile fabric according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the re-drying time on the skin-facing side ( 6 ) is optimally shortened by the combination of extremely fine fibers and a large specific surface area of the article. Textile fabric according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the two layers ( 2 . 3 ) are bound together by a special double-sided fabric weave, by a special double-sided knit fabric or by a special double-sided warp knit fabric. Textile fabric according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the layers ( 2 . 3 ) have a grammage in the range of 50 g / m ² to 450 g / m ² , wherein the weight per square meter of the individual layers may be the same or different. Textile fabric according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the layer ( 3 ) on the outside ( 4 ) or skin-remote side ( 4 ) and has a single fiber titer of less than 1.3 dtex. Textile fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that the warp yarns Multifilaramidgarne or multifilaramide yarns or aramid filament yarns, and the weft yarns alternately multifilaramide yarns or multifilaramide yarns or aramid filament yarns exhibit. Textile fabric according to claim 1 or 11, characterized in that the in the weft yarns existing Multifilaramidgarne or Multifilaramidzwirne or Aramidfilamentgarne one of the two alternately arranged, different multifilament yarns or multifilament yarns or aramid filament yarns containing the warp yarns form, similar or are identical to it. Textile fabric according to claim 1 or 12, characterized in that the aramid yarn Contains fibers, selected from the group are made of poly-m-phenylenioophthalamide fibers, poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide fibers or blends of poly-m-phenylene isophthalamide fibers and poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide fibers consists. Clothing, characterized by a structure consisting of at least one two-ply textile dressing with an inner layer, optional a middle layer made of a polyester or polyamide or Aramid microfibre fabric, and an outer layer, wherein the multilayer, breathable textile fabrics according to one of the claims 1 to 13 forms the inner layer. A work garment for protection against the effects of heat, flame or electric arc, comprising a textile cover layer made of high temperature resistant fibers, characterized by a structure consisting of at least two two-ply textile dressings having an inner La ge, optionally a middle layer consisting of a polyester or polyamide or aramid microfiber fabric, and an outer layer consisting of a textile material of high temperature resistant fibers, wherein the inner layer of the multilayer, breathable fabric according to any one of claims 1 to 13 contains. Work garment according to claim 15, characterized characterized in that it a fire-proof jacket or fireproof pants.