DE3502068A1 - Structural humidity alarm, dehumidification regulator and humidity-loading registration - Google Patents

Abstract

As energy-saving policies become more prevalent, domestic humidity, condensation damage and mould damage increase, the object being to limit or avoid them by increased heating and ventilation. As the inhabitants lack clear information on the type and the extent of heating and ventilation necessary to avoid such damage, this then leads to inappropriate action being taken, resulting in energy wastage and condensation damage as well as in disputes between landlords and tenants concerning the causes. Devices are proposed for humidity alerting and preventative dehumidification regulation, in which the condensate hazard on the surfaces at risk from condensation is registered and utilised for display and/or control and regulation. It is also shown how the humidity overload of building sections in question can be recorded permanently over extended periods (for example a heating period), in order to detect the causes of humidity damage. The figure shows an example in which a display device is attached to the building section surface, the left part of which display device has a display field which, just before condensation starts to form on the building section surface or as soon as that happens, indicates the danger state by changes in colour or brightness. The right-hand part bears a glass containing a substance which discolours as a function of duration and degree of the excessive humidity influence, starting from the orifice. There is an associated humidity/permanent load scale, on which the summed load over the registration period can be read off. The ... Original abstract incomplete. <IMAGE>

Description

State of the art

With the increase in the price of heating energy and efforts to save energy the condensation damage especially in apartments increased and lead as a result of associated mold and mold formation to problems of considerable property damage, Renovation costs and sometimes even health hazards.

A major cause is the installation of energy-saving windows, which reduce the uncontrolled air exchange through better joint sealing and through the transition from single to multiple glazing, the formation of condensation on the window which used to be an uncomfortable but effective dehumidification.

As an essential means against the formation of condensation water is strengthened Air dehumidification via additional ventilation is recommended and advised that the technical rules of construction for living spaces of 200C and 50% relative humidity go out (Ref 1). These sizes can easily be found in the household using room thermometers and hygrometer are checked and observed.

Different types of thermometers are known to the room user: Room thermometers, max-min thermometers, combined indoor and outdoor thermometers mechanical and electronic type.

In addition, different hygrometers are known for the indoor air, which can also be arranged on the outer wall, but their back predominantly have ventilation openings that allow air to enter the transducer allows that sweeps along the wall at a smaller or larger distance. the Openings in the rear wall of the hygrometer mainly have other technical functions such as suspension, opening for adjustment, fastening screws.

Furthermore, barometers are mostly known in the living area, but they are not for assessing the risk of condensation and determining the cause of moisture damage to serve.

When determining the causes of moisture damage, it is common to the k-value by measuring the component surface temperatures and the air temperatures mostly estimated with electronic display devices. It will also take hours and days with writing devices the course of the room temperature and the rel. Humidity the room air recorded and evaluated.

Combined thermometers and humidity meters are also known, where linear or flat the areas of comfortable temperature z. B. 18 to 240C and the comfortable air humidity z. B. from 50 to 70% r. F. are given. In the case of pointer devices and flat scales, the limits of the Comfort areas parallel to the direction of the pointer.

Materials are known that change their color when exposed to moisture and / or change the brightness. With some materials it occurs again after drying a discoloration (wet spots). With other materials, the color change remains or special treatment such as heating for re-staining is required (e.g. silica gel or cobalt chloride).

Literature 1 DIN 4108 thermal insulation in building construction 2 Gertis / Soergel condensation in outer wall corners Deutsches Architektenblatt 10/84 pages 1045 - 1050 3 H. Froelich, Living space ventilation for reasons of room hygiene, condensation protection and operation of fireplaces. Bundesbaublatt May 1981 4 Raimund Probst, building construction findings db 12/84 5 RWE-Handbuch 1985/86, page 592 Criticism of the state of the Technology a) The feeling of comfort is deceptive in view of the increases in energy costs the energy saving consciousness has risen. As (Ref. 5) shows, at 50% rel. Humidity a reduction of the room temperature to 180C already at 18.50C from the Comfort area. If the room user fails to ventilate and at 180C causes the air humidity to rise to 70% r. F. in this way he reaches the comfort zone again. Heating and ventilation according to comfort is therefore misleading about the risk of condensation forming, because 180C / 70% r. F. poses greater risks than the two aforementioned situations.

b) The dominant doctrine inadequate In contrast to the dominant doctrine it is not sufficient to avoid moisture damage (Lit 2, 3) according to the rules of Technique (Lit 1) to build and the specified indoor climate values of 200C and 50% rel. Maintain humidity in order to avoid condensation damage (Lit 4).

c) Heating and ventilation according to room climate data causes damage to be desirable would be for the room user if he was responsible for the rooms according to his financial Willingness to perform could choose a comfortable climate that is convenient for him.

The existing building fabric is largely unsuitable for this.

If he goes beyond his comfort requirement, because of avoidance from condensation damage, heating and ventilation, he needs the limit values of the indoor climate in order to avoid energy waste (costs) on the one hand and moisture damage on the other.

Limit values of the indoor climate fluctuate These limit values of the indoor climate are dependent on numerous, sometimes changing influences and accordingly also subject to considerable changes. Influences include roughness temperature curve, Moisture content of the air, furniture, heat transfer value of the component, course of the Outside temperature, diffusion and capillary behavior of the building material layers and Surfaces, heat and moisture storage capacity of the room furnishings, the building material layers etc. So it is not sufficient to maintain a constant number of air changes, it is still sufficient to specify a minimum temperature and a maximum air humidity.

e) Alternative: airing out mold spots or heating money "is unreasonable.

Strictly speaking, according to the state of building physics, it is also theoretical not yet possible to follow the course of the limit values to be complied with with low tolerances to be calculated in advance.

As a result, it is not possible for those who are not trained in building physics Expect room users to correctly assess these limits.

Since there are no clear limit values for the type and scope of the heating and ventilation beyond the comfort range are given, he is usually faced with the alternative, either condensation damage To have to accept or to ventilate and heat in a sometimes superfluous way. These Situation is unreasonable.

Dispute about the cause of moisture damage often it comes between the Parties involved (mostly tenants and landlords) to differences as to whether the cause of moisture damage in deficiencies in the building or in the misconduct of the room users to look for. Measurements of the indoor climate are then often carried out, their However, results are unsatisfactory because there are no clear criteria for which temperature and humidity of the room air must be maintained in order to avoid humidity damage and avoid excessive ventilation (waste of energy).

On the other hand, such measurements are questionable because they can be carried out in retrospect and it is doubtful whether during the occurrence of the damage the room climate was the same as during the final measurement.

7 Comfort kit displays The comfort displays give the Comfort limits of temperature and humidity again. However, it is missing the joint consideration of the room air temperature and the temperature of the component surface.

There is also a lack of mutual consideration of temperature and humidity. For example, according to Ref. 5, a climate of 240 pounds, 70% is considered uncomfortable humid ", during 180C, 70% r.

is considered "comfortable". But £ 180, 40% r. F. is only considered comfortable " uncomfortably dry towards the discomfort area Goal setting a) It should be made possible for the room user within the narrowest possible limits to heat and ventilate your comfort needs and beyond To keep energy expenditure as low as possible to avoid condensation damage.

For this purpose, the possibility should be given to the internal sources of moisture to the extent to be used to increase the relative humidity, such as a reduction room temperature with simultaneous fulfillment of comfort requirements without having to accept moisture damage.

b) This requirement can only be achieved if the room user has the immediate Risk of condensation is displayed or appropriate measures are taken automatically be initiated.

c) To do this, it is necessary to include as many influencing variables as possible for signaling to consider. These are in particular: The course of the room temperature Air humidity in the room Course of the temperature of the outside air Course of the outside air humidity k-value of the external component Change in the internal heat transfer from the room air to the component surface through furnishing, decoration (e.g. curtains), restriction the air circulation heat storage capacity of the component layers (also phase shift) Changes in the external surface temperature due to radiation and wind. As well Cardinal direction, shading, color (radiation absorption) Moisture removal into the component through diffusion and capillary conduction including the type of Inner component surface change in the diffusion transition between room air and component z. B. through furniture and decoration.

Moisture storage capacity of the component layers, their accumulation and the resulting influence on the heat and moisture output and moisture absorption of the external component due to precipitation to the outside air through irradiation and wind d) It should continue to be economical Possibility to be shown to avoid the risk of condensation on the component surface depending on the degree and duration of exposure over a longer period of time (e.g. heating period) permanent to grasp. With such detection devices z. B.

the dispute between landlord and tenant about the causes of moisture is prevented. The previous possibilities of measurement and recording or registration are too complex for this Solution a) Measurement of the air humidity in relation to the component surface The air humidity is evaluated, which results from the water vapor content of the room air (12) and the temperature of the component surface (11).

As a result, all influences that would otherwise cause difficulties are automatically recorded as a result of disturbance variables, if the climate (temperature and humidity) the room air (12) is assumed.

(9) The realization of this solution with a transducer requires a sufficient decoupling of the transducer (9) from the temperature of the room air (12) and a clear or increased influence of the temperature of the component surface (11) on the transducer (9).

b) Decoupling from the temperature of the room air (12) For decoupling from the temperature of the room air, a thermal insulation layer (13) is arranged, which has a low diffusion resistance. The heat transfer resistance The better the k-value of the component, the greater the soot. On the other hand, a delay time increases with the thickness of the thermal barrier coating and the diffusion resistance, which makes it advisable to avoid or limit the thermal barrier coating (13).

c) Separate recording of surface temperature and air humidity To avoid delay times, it is also possible to measure the temperature of the wall surface to measure (e.g. via thermocouples or resistance) and the humidity of the room air (12) to be recorded separately and then electronically via a micro program evaluate and pass on for use. This is especially true when in a room different danger zones have to be monitored. Then there is a humidity measurement used to evaluate several temperature measurements.

The transducer can be separated from the room air in a heat-insulating manner will.

d) Temperaturein; luti of the component surface on the moisture measurement The temperature of the component surface is largely around the transducer (9) when measuring moisture (11) expose, a heat conductor (10) is on the component surface over a larger area (11) applied and guided on or around the transducer or with its housing thermally connected. To keep the path of diffusion moisture free, the Heat conductors, for example, consist of a large-meshed metal grid e) Consideration the moisture absorption of the component surface The consideration of the component moisture absorption is of essential importance, since serial examinations of components have shown that moisture damage occurs to a much lesser extent with capillary absorbent building materials, than after calculating the dew point and after experience with other building materials is to be expected.

The moisture absorption capacity is activated in the case of moisture measurement the component surface (11) automatically taken into account that the component moisture and thus directly influences the moisture measurement.

In the case of the central measurement of the humidity of the room air, and their computational evaluation with decentralized temperature measurements of the component surface (y) this can be taken into account by a correction factor.

f) Consideration of interference zones in the component If measurements cannot be made on the component surface in the area of the component's interference zones () or - as is often the case - the endangered area of the component surface (11) is not accessible for readings, comparative measurements (4) can be used other point of the same component. For example a thermal insulation layer (13) on the component surface (11) to lower the temperature. This drop in temperature can be impaired by the conduction of heat within the component. That is why it is necessary in the case of externally insulated buildings to form the thermal insulation layer over a larger area.

A vapor barrier or vapor barrier (14) on the component surface (11) brings about the equalization of the measuring state over a capillary suction surface (e.g. brick) on a surface that is only slightly absorbent (e.g. concrete).

g) Notes on uses The results can be obtained from the measurements are displayed.

Instead of this or in addition, optical or acoustic signals can be used indicate the dangerous situation.

It is also possible to take automatic action on the measurements Initiate damage prevention, such as commissioning or operational expansion of dehumidifiers and the activation of local ventilation or ventilation systems for the whole room.

h) Permanent registration of the exposure to moisture. Material, that changes permanently under the dinflulU of the air humidity, are arranged in such a way that d it depends on the humidity of such areas of the component surface and is changed, which are at risk of moisture. The extent of the change and the depth of penetration the change in the material is a measure of the moisture load during the measurement or observation period. For example, silica gel can be placed in a glass tube with an open top be filled and the glass tube attached to the component surface.

A roof-like protection over the opening can do this inadvertently Avoid ingress of splash water. A gas-permeable heat conductor in particular in the area of the opening of the glass, the increase in air humidity can cause a local increase without blocking the moisture-reducing effect of the wall's moisture absorption.

If this glass tube is left on the wall surface during the heating time, so can be measured from the depth of the discoloration, from the opening, to the duration and the intensity of the moisture loads during the heating period can be closed.

t) Other design Various displays can be used for orientation can also be combined, e.g. B. additional humidity meter for room air, thermometer for the room air and / or the component surface. There are also displays for the comfort temperature from room air temperature and temperature of the component surface as well as comfort indicators from the comfort temperature and the room air humidity as a comfort climate possible.

Examples After the compilation of the codes and terms are Exemplary embodiments are explained using a few figures: FIG. 1 shows a short-term display for humidity warning Figure 2 shows a ribbon-shaped short-term display for humidity warning Figure 3 surface hygrometer with spiral-shaped transducer Figure 4 electronic Display Figure 5 Modification of a built-in hygrometer or sensor Figure 6 Permanent registration by chemical means Figure 7 Comfort climate display Figure 8 Combinations Terms 1. Component (components such as walls, ceilings and roofs between areas of different Temperature) 2. Condensation water (according to DIN 4108 "condensation water") from condensing water vapor the room air (12) 3. Location measurement (measurement at the location where there is a risk of condensation, e.g. behind a cabinet) 4. Comparison measurement (measurement at a comparison location. For example Measurement on a free wall surface to avoid the risk of condensation behind a piece of furniture to recognize) 5. temperature-dependent condensation limit (without taking into account the local Relief through moisture absorption of the component surface) 6. Practical condensation limit (taking into account the component moisture absorption) 7. technical measurement value increase 8. Change in measurement result 9. Transmitter 10. Heat conductor 11. Component surface (room side) 12. Room air 13. Thermal insulation layer (between sensor and room air) 14. Vapor barrier (on component surface) 15. Thermal insulation cover (on heat conductor) 16. Use of measured values (Display, switching) 17. Comfortable temperature 18. Comfortable climate 19. Permanent recorder 20. Humidity permanent load scale 21. Normal humidity scale = 34 22. Short-term display 23. Display layer 24. Diffusion barrier (on thermal cover 15) 25. Fabric cover (over thermal insulation layer 13) 26. Display device 27. Measurement transmitter 28. Control output 29. Electronic evaluator 30. Glass vessel (also plastic) 31. Splash water protection 32. Wall suction 33. Sealing holes 34. Standard quantity scale. = 21 35. Note scale area 36. Comfort area Figure 1 short-term display The figure shows a short-term display (22) in view (A) in section (B) and as an exploded view (C) Heat conductor (10) on the component surface (11) is on the side of the room air (12) a copper sheet as a heat conductor (10) attached in a thermally conductive manner and through a Cork plate as a Wäi'medäinin cover (15) partially separated from the room air (12). Since the heat conductor (10) extends to the component surface (11) on a larger area can cool down than to the room air (12) and the corresponding part of the component surface (11) less heat is added to the room air because of the thermal insulation cover (15), the temperature of the heat conductor (10) is below that of the rest of the component surface (11). This causes a technical increase in the measured value (7).

The heat conductor (10) acts here at the same time as a Dainpfsperre (14) and no moisture enters the component surface in the area of the display layer (23) (11). This acts as a technical increase in measured values (7), but can also be the result falsify considerably. Should the moisture absorption of the component surface in the display be taken into account, the heat conductor (10) made of a copper wire mesh exist.

Display layer (23) The remaining part of the heat conductor is covered with a display layer (23), which consists of two materials that have the same color in the dry state, but result in different color or brightness tones when moistened. In loading A uniform material is also required for the coloring, part of the surface of which is treated to be colorless and moisture-repellent (e.g. clear lacquer coating). Such moisture-dependent optical differences arise with numerous hygroscopic materials (e.g. parquet pigments, hardened binders such as cement, etc.). A differentiation in the display layer (23) can be omitted if its color in the dry state matches the color of the adjoining surface (here diffusion barrier 24) and stands out from it in the wet state.

Here, hygroscopic clay powder is used as the knitting layer (23) and the lettering "SU SEUCXT" covered with a clear varnish. The display layer (23) causes condensation there to darken with exception the lettering "ZU PEUCHT". The display layer (23) thus combines the functions of the transducer (9) with that of the display and the visual-verbal signaling.

Thermal insulation cover (15) and diffusion barrier (24) The thermal insulation cover (15) contributes to lowering the temperature of the heat conductor (10) and influences the air flow along the component surface (11). The thermal insulation cover (15) is glued to the heat conductor (10) and to the component surface (11) or otherwise fastened as tightly as possible. The transition from the thermal insulation cover (15) to the component surface is designed so that as little vortex as possible occurs in the room air sliding past and thus no significant increase in the heat transfer. The transition area is also not covered by the diffusion barrier (24) so that the room air can also give off moisture in the area of the thermal insulation cover (15), which then migrates into the component surface (11). In this example, the thermal insulation cover (15) should consist of cork and be covered in the area of the heat conductor (10) against the ambient air (12) with a diffusion barrier (24) made of PVC polie. The edge to the display layer (23) is made protruding and sharp, so that the layer of air sliding under the short-term display layer forms small eddies, increases the heat transfer to the display layer (23), increases the dwell time of the air particles and the possible con. Densations process at the display layer t2J) increased, 'acts as a technical increase in the measured value (7). Such unevenness can also be formed on the face layer (23) itself.

The diffusion barrier (24) prevents in the vicinity of the display layer (23) penetration of the water vapor in the thermal insulation cover (15) and condensation on the underlying part of the heat conductor (10). This condensation heat becomes the heat conductor (10) withheld. Both act as a technical increase in measured values.

General Porm Regarding the effect of the heat conductor (10) would be a round or square shape particularly cheap. Here was a horizontally stretched one Form chosen because it allows the air flow downwards on the component surface in a wide form Removes moisture and at the same time is favorable for the lettering.

Effect of the technical increases in measured values (7) The technical Measured value increases (7) lead to the warning associated with the signal display before condensation damage occurs on comparable parts of the component surface) comes.

Display with increasing scale The lettering can also be from a series of graded terms such as "caution, critical, dangerous" or numbers "1, 2, 3, 4 "exist. If the measured value increase differs accordingly from level to level is, as the risk of condensation increases, the increasing terms or Numbers visible. This can also be achieved through a graded thermal insulation between the heat conductors (10) and component surface (11) happen at the highest level of the hazard display is most effectively trained.

Figure 2 Tape-shaped warning short-term display The figure shows a tape-shaped Short-term display (22) in the state of delivery A, in view B, in cross section C and as an exploded view D. The short-term display (22) is in roll form according to A offered and then installed according to B in a band along those areas that relate to Damage caused by condensation is considered critical. For example, as a top wallpaper finish in the border area between wall and ceiling for walls or ceilings that are less than that close off heated rooms or against the sul3 air.

As illustrated in Fig. D, before it is attached to the component surface (11) First remove the masking paper (2.1) from the adhesive layer on the back. Under the display layer (23) made of thin absorbent paper are wire or strip-shaped Aluminum sections attached as a heat conductor (10). The marginal strips between the The display layer (23) and the component surface (11) are used as a thermal insulation cover (15) acting film made of PVC or polystyrene foam, which is also insensitive to moisture are or are coated. The entire display layer (23) has a light color pigment application, which appears darker when it is wet, but with the when dry The basic color of the thermal insulation cover (15) matches. suf the basic color of the thermal insulation cover (15) a decoration can be printed on it.

As Fig. B in the left part shows, result in the dry state no color differences. In the right part it is shown how the incipient condensation occurs in the display layer (23) initially represents. The first dark areas are along the heat conductor (10) and on the edges of the display layer (23) to the thermal insulation cover (15) can be seen as the hatching indicates.

Figure 3 surface hygrometer with spiral-shaped transducer Die Figure shows at A a vertical section through the component surface (11), the Short-term display (22) and the room air (12). At B the structure is in an exploded view shown.

On the component surface (11) through the interior plaster of an exterior wall is formed, the vapor barrier (14), which consists of an aluminum foil, rests on it and at the same time part of the heat conductor (10).

The heat conductor (10) consists of two parts. To the component surface (11) from an aluminum foil and towards the room air (12) from an aluminum grille. Both parts are connected to one another in a thermally conductive manner and enclose the transducer (9), which is commercially available in a spiral shape.

Between the heat conductor (10) or the transducer (9) and the room air (12) a diffusion-open square thermal insulation layer (13) is arranged, which extends beyond the surface of the heat conductor (10), made of mineral wool without organic There is a binding agent and to the room air (12) with a fabric cover (25) made of plastic fiber is covered.

From the transducer (9) to the display device (26) through a part the thermal conductor (10) and through the thermal barrier coating (13) is used as a measured value transmitter (27) a pointer axis out, in the interest of low heat conduction Made of hard plastic.

The display device (26) consists of a sub-sheet (3.1) a Pointer (3.2), a transparent cover (3.3) and a cover frame (3.4). on the sub-sheet (3.1) or the transparent cover (3.3) Numbers, colored information and / or verbal information on the risk of moisture are given, to which the pointer (3.2) indicates. Due to the externally rotatable arrangement of the carrier the information on the price risk can be adjusted on the short-term display (22), without removing them from the background area (here the Bax part surface (11)).

As with commercially available hygrometers, the lower sheet (3.1) can also be arranged as a scale sheet close to the transducer (9). Then the thermal insulation layer (13) must be left out in this area and it is advisable to arrange a multiple transparent cover (3.3) to improve the thermal insulation In order to take into account the moisture absorption capacity of the component surface (11), the function of the vapor barrier (14) can be dispensed with.

In this embodiment, the vapor barrier (14) of the heat conductors act (10) and the thermal insulation layer (13) as a technical increase in the measured value (i). aside from that it is due to the type of adjustment of the position of the pointer (3.2) or the information on the risk of moisture on the lower sheet (3.1) or the transparent cover (3.3) or Cover edging (3.4) possible to adjust a measurement result change (8).

To avoid the formation of condensation in the areas of the component surface (11) which connect directly to the edges of the short-term indicator (22) can the thermal insulation layer (13) at the outer edge can be shaped as a transition, like this has been shown and explained for the thermal insulation cover (15) in FIG.

An electronic sensor (e.g. capacitor with gold film foil) and an electrical line as a measured value transmitter (27) are used and the display device (26) is installed, for example, as a digital display will. This means that Xeiswertgeber (9) and display device (26) are practically three-dimensional independently of each other and it can measure in optically inaccessible places (e.g. behind furniture) and the display in easily accessible places to be placed.

Figure 4 Electronic display The electronic transducer (e.g. on a capacitor basis) is arranged on the component surface (11) and the measured values are electrical wires that are wrapped in a transparent insulating tape can be arranged, transmitted to the electronic evaluator (29), on which also the display device (26), which can be designed as desired, can be arranged. Of the electronic evaluators can send one or more control outputs (28) to others Display devices, dehumidification systems and ventilation systems go and such an automatic elimination of the risk of condensation. The transmitter (9) is protected from the room air (12) by a thermal insulation layer (13) with bevelled edges separated. The electronic evaluator (29) and the display device can so can be programmed to issue warnings and switch on the can be withdrawn after the hazardous condition has been eliminated.

In addition, you can add up the risk According to the degree of risk and the respective duration of the risk as a permanent recorder (19) are designed to also serve for long periods of time z. B. a year that To assess moisture exposure. The shape of the thermal insulation layer (13) and the The arrangement of the transducer (9) can be chosen so that the transducer (9) can be arranged particularly well in room edges or corners. For example, can the transducer at a corner of the thermal insulation layer can be arranged so that it can be inserted into a corner of the room.

Figure 5 Modification of a built-in hygrometer or transmitter shows the modification of a common hygrometer or hygro transducer for measuring the Risk of condensation on component surfaces. These devices are commercially available from an immersion tube with the transducer (hair or special threads) and a Display part as well as any control cable emanating from it. The figure shows at A the front view, at B the side view and at C a horizontal section at the level of the transducer (9) in the exploded view.

The transducer (9) is in front of the component surface (11) as far as possible flat design and is through the heat conductor (10) on the component surface Is thermally conductive and is made of metal, compared to the temperature of the Room air (12) cooled. The thermal insulation layer (13) separates the transducer (9) and the heat conductor (10) from the room air (12) and is covered with a fabric cover (25) which for example also consist of a perforated plate can be optically covered.

The surface of the thermal insulation layer (13) extends beyond the surface of the heat conductor (10) on all sides. The usual jacket tube of the transducer (9) can also of the heat conductor take over or be connected to it.

FIG. 6 permanent registration by chemical means it was shown how a permanent registration (J) is carried out electronically The problem is solved with the help of chemical and physical processes shown.

The figure shows at A the front view at B the side view at C a horizontal cut at half height and at D the horizontal cut in exploded view.

Display vessel and dough material A glass vessel (30) in the form of a tube closed on one side contains a material that changes color with increasing air humidity. Here silica gel was adopted as it is used in the medical field and changes color from blue to red when exposed to moisture. The bracket is like that designed so you can see at any time how far the display material has discolored into the glass vessel (30). The glass vessel (30) can consist of glass or other transparent materials.

Protection from unauthorized regeneration measures The display material can regenerated at high temperatures that cannot be reached by the room air will. It is mixed with another material, its melting or ignition point is below the regeneration temperature but above room temperature and here for example, is accepted as wax granules. This combination of materials works possible attempts at unauthorized regeneration of the display material.

Process of permanent registration In the case of high humidity in the area of the The opening of the glass vessel (30) depends on the duration of the exposure to moisture to an increasing discoloration of the silica gel in the glass vessel (30). This discoloration remains even if the air humidity is subsequently reduced again.

Temperature adjustment through heat conductors The glass vessel (30) is largely surrounded by the material of the heat conductor (10) flat on the component surface (11) rests and largely and overarching through the thermal insulation cover of the Room air (12) is separated.

This leads to a cooling in the area of the opening of the glass vessel (30) which approximates the general temperature of the component surface (11) and also causes a temperature-related adjustment of the air humidity.

Splash water protection and wall suction above the opening of the glass vessel (30) a part is punched out of the metal plate of the heat conductor (10) and pushed forward that a roof-shaped splash protection (31) over the opening of the glass vessel (30) is formed. The punching of the heat conductor (10) creates at the same time an exposed area of the component surface (11) which serves as a wall suction (32). Due to the moisture absorption of the component surface (11) in the immediate vicinity of the opening of the glass vessel (30), the air humidity becomes the general air humidity on the component surface (11) adjusted.

Protection against unauthorized changing of the glass vessel The shape of the heat conductor (10) for holding the glass vessel (30) is chosen so that the glass vessel (30) only can be introduced from below and removed from there. In the heat conductor (10) two sealing holes (33) are arranged so that the way to remove the glass vessel (30) blocked by a wire pulled through and secured with a seal will.

Reading scales and evaluation (34) on both sides next to the glass vessel are the humidity-duration scale (20), the normal quantity scale (34) and the note scale area (35) arranged. On the humidity-duration-scale (20) is correspondingly from top to bottom the degree of discoloration, a password for the moisture load that occurred during the measurement period read. This value can be compared with the moisture load after Experience measurements with harmless moisture occurs. These time-dependent values are plotted on the standard quantity scale (34).

For selected times, the measured Moisture load according to the moisture-duration scale (20) and the normal quantity scale (34) noted and compared for further observation. Especially with Change of tenant or other drastic changes is the note of intermediate values indicated or necessary.

Figure 7 Safe climate display The figure shows the scale area of a commercially available combined temperature and humidity measuring device the drawn comfort field (36) taking into account the interactions entered between temperature and humidity. In this example the corner points were of the comfort field (36) based on Lit 5 to points 17> 50C / 75 % r. F .; 220C / 65% r. F .; 240C / 35% r. F. and 190C / 38 r. F. sketched. Decisive for the location of the climate inside or outside the specified comfort zone is the intersection of the two counters.

In the example shown with 180C and 70% r. F. are both individual values mainly outside of the comfort range but due to the inexpensive addition the combination of both values is still within comfort and accordingly the intersection of the two pointers above the comfort zone (36).

Another embodiment can be that the temperature the room air (12) and that of the component surface (11) are measured separately and whose mean value is displayed as the temperature which is decisive for comfort is. Averaging can be done electronically or mechanically (e.g. using two similar Spiral springs).

Figure 8 Combination The figure shows various possible combinations.

A shows purely mechanical and chemical versions. Are on a board with shared thermal protection, a permanent recorder (19) and two short-term indicators (22 a 22 b) shown working in the manner of Figure 1 and those at 22 a with and at 22 b are designed without a vapor barrier. The comparative measurement and observation with such boards in different objects allowed over the permanent registrar (19) according to the mode of operation of FIG. (6) a comparison of the room humidity load and the differences on each board between 22 a and 22 b result in assessment criteria to compare different building materials and constructions.

B shows, based on FIG. 3 or 5 and 7, the combination of one Comfortable climate display (18)> one room air hygrometer (8.1) and two Surface hygrometer (8.2) with and (8.3) without vapor barrier. The comparison of the ads can show that at times to avoid moisture damage according to (8.2) and (8.3) the comfortable climate according to (18) cannot be maintained. A comparison between the indoor air humidity according to (8.1) and the surface humidity according to (8.2) and (8.3) allows conclusions to be drawn about the quality of the components and any necessary improvement measures to.

C shows a combination in a room with a central office electronic evaluator (29) and a central display device (26).

Behind the built-in cabinet (8.4), the air humidity in the room is at (8.5) at (8.8) and in the pictures at (8.6) and (8.7) the temperature of the component surface measured.

In addition, in (8.13) the humidity of the room air.

When the risk limit at (8.5) is reached, the fan is activated via (29) switched on at (8.9) and the area behind the built-in cabinet (8.4) at (8.10) ventilated.

This sets a vapor-tight cabinet front to the room air (e.g. plastic) in advance. Depending on the air humidity from (8.13), the temperatures are turned off (8.8), (8.6) and (8.7) of (29) are evaluated and, if necessary, the air dehumidification first (8.11) and finally the general room ventilation (8.12) to or. switched off. the In all these cases, heating is usually dependent on the thermostat. However, it is also an inclusion of the temperature control in the moisture control via (29) possible.

The various operational switching and control states can displayed via (26) or kept ready for query.

- blank page -

Claims (18)

Structural moisture e-Wa ÜFlP L - Humidification controller ulid moisture load detection 1. Claim Einrichtuny as warning, Oelautiyserfassunys- and Regeleirlricht ung for display or lReyeluny when there is a risk of condensation build-up (condensation) on or on. Component surfaces and on furnishings, characterized that there is a delimitation against the humidity measurement of the room air and that with or Without a technical increase in measured values (7), the risk of moisture measurement taking into account the moisture diffusion and / or as a measured variable or Switch actuator is used. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists of a measuring device for the relative air humidity, the measuring transducer (9) is arranged on or close to the component surface (11) and has a technical increase in the measured value (7). Technical measured value increase (7) according to claim 1, characterized in that the transducer (9) is completely or partially separated from the room air by a thermal insulation layer (13) and the thermal insulation layer (13) has a thermal resistance equal to or greater than 0.1 m2 x K / W (DIN 4108) and the area is at least 50% larger than the display area of the scale area or its transparent cover / isJotbrdas The material of the thermal insulation has a water vapor diffusion resistance factor p which is equal to or less than 5 or corresponds to this due to its shape or material combination. technical measurement value elevation (7) as above, but with an area of the thermal insulation layer (13) which is equal to or greater than 2 0.1 m and / or the material of which has a thermal conductivity of 0.1 W / (mx K) or less. 3 technical measurement value increase (7) as in claim 2.2, but with a p of 2 or less. Technical measured value increase (7) according to claim 1, characterized in that the measured value transmitter (9) is separated from the component surface (11) by a vapor barrier or vapor barrier (14). Technical measured value increase (7) according to claim 1, characterized in that the transducer (9) is arranged on or near a heat conductor (10) or has gas-permeable, enclosed or contact with the component surface (11) and is wholly or partially covered by a heat insulation cover (15) is separated from the room air (12). Technical measured value enhancement (7) according to claim 1, characterized in that the measuring value transmitter (9) with a flat design is wholly or partially shaped or supplemented on the surface in such a way that the air circulation is calmed. Technical measuring value increase (7) according to claim 1, characterized in that the area of the measuring transducer (9) behind the thermal insulation layer (13) is ventilated with the room air (12). Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the measured value is changed by manipulating the display or transfer of results. (Scale deviation, flat-rate or percentage surcharge or discount.) Device according to Claim 1 for location measurement, characterized in that it can replace location measurement by comparative measurement on another part of the same component (1) with the aid of measured value increase (7) and selectable change in measured value. Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the measured value transmitter (9) and the measured value utilization (16) are spatially separated. Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that several decentrally arranged measuring transducers (9) are connected via a central measuring value utilization (16). Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the measured values are displayed indirectly via a scale and / or digitally as numerical values and / or via color code areas and / or via verbal instructions. Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the transducer also includes the function of the display (e.g. via changes in color or brightness and materials). Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the reaching and / or the condition of a risk of condensation water is indicated by an optical and / or acoustic signal. Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that, if necessary, measures are initiated or terminated with gradations (e.g. central display, commissioning, or increase in the operation of air dehumidification, local additional heating or ventilation, general room ventilation) Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that climatic conditions which lead or can lead to condensation on the component surface are registered by permanent changes. 18 device according to claim ###, characterized in that that a permanent recorder (19) is provided with a scale which, as a sum, shows a characteristic value which includes both the level of the respective moisture load and the associated exposure times. Facilities according to claim and characterized in that the relieving influence of the moisture absorption of the component surface can be taken into account. Device according to claim characterized in that the permanent recorder (19) is mechanically secured against exchange and / or chemically and / or physically against unauthorized dividing up or regeneration. Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the versions of the various types of use are combined with one another and assigned depending on humidity levels and / or time delays and / or time-limited switching. Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that, in addition, measuring devices for room air humidity and / or temperature of the component surface are measured and displayed. Device according to claim characterized in that a comfort temperature is formed from the temperatures of the purging air (12) and the component surface (11) and is displayed and, if necessary, is directly visually comparable with a comfort temperature label (17) or is automatically compared and can be stored. Device according to claim characterized in that the climate is displayed as a combination of the temperature and the humidity of the room air (12) and is directly visually comparable with a comfort indicator (18) or is automatically compared and readable.