DE3447365A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur vermeidung von bildverwischungen bei medizinischen bildgebenden verfahren hervorgerufen durch bewegungen des patienten waehrend der bildaufnahme - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur vermeidung von bildverwischungen bei medizinischen bildgebenden verfahren hervorgerufen durch bewegungen des patienten waehrend der bildaufnahmeInfo
- Publication number
- DE3447365A1 DE3447365A1 DE19843447365 DE3447365A DE3447365A1 DE 3447365 A1 DE3447365 A1 DE 3447365A1 DE 19843447365 DE19843447365 DE 19843447365 DE 3447365 A DE3447365 A DE 3447365A DE 3447365 A1 DE3447365 A1 DE 3447365A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- patient
- computer
- scanning
- imaging techniques
- medical imaging
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000002059 diagnostic imaging Methods 0.000 title claims 2
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003325 tomography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001208 nuclear magnetic resonance pulse sequence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves
- A61B5/055—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves involving electronic [EMR] or nuclear [NMR] magnetic resonance, e.g. magnetic resonance imaging
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/04—Positioning of patients; Tiltable beds or the like
- A61B6/0487—Motor-assisted positioning
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/08—Auxiliary means for directing the radiation beam to a particular spot, e.g. using light beams
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/52—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/5258—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis involving detection or reduction of artifacts or noise
- A61B6/5264—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis involving detection or reduction of artifacts or noise due to motion
- A61B6/527—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis involving detection or reduction of artifacts or noise due to motion using data from a motion artifact sensor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7203—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes for noise prevention, reduction or removal
- A61B5/7207—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes for noise prevention, reduction or removal of noise induced by motion artifacts
- A61B5/721—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes for noise prevention, reduction or removal of noise induced by motion artifacts using a separate sensor to detect motion or using motion information derived from signals other than the physiological signal to be measured
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Psychiatry (AREA)
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)
Description
- Stand der Technik:
- In der Medizin gibt es bildgebende Verfahren, die eine längere Zeit benötigen, um das Bild zu erstellen.
- Während dieser Zeit darf der Patient seine Position nicht ändern. Das wirft Probleme auf, denn es ist fast unmöglich, daß ein Patient z.B. seinen Kopf über etwa zehn Minuten ruhig hält.
- Ein Festschnallen des Kopfes über diese Zeitspanne ist dem Patienten nicht zuzumuten, das gilt besonders für Kinder.
- Ein Beispiel für das Auftreten der genannten Schwierigkeiten stellt die Kernspinresonanz-Tomographie dar.
- (Im Weiteren soll der erfinderische Gedanke an diesem Beispiel erläutert werden. Er ist jedoch auf alle bildgebenden Verfahren anzuwenden, bei denen die Erstellung des Bildes eine längere Zeit in Anspruch nimmt.) Bei der Kernspinresonanz-Tomographie wird der Patient in eine große Röhre geschoben. Die Wandung der Röhre besteht aus drei Magneten; 1. einem Magneten (1), der ein statisches Magnetfeld erzeugt. 2. einem Sende- und Empfangsmagneten (2). Hier wird ein Wechselfeld im Radiofrequenzbereich erzeugt. 3. einem Magneten (3), der einen Magnetfeldgradienten erzeugt.
- Die Magneten sind in Abbildung 1 schematisch dargestellt.
- Ein Kernspinresonanzsignal wird immer dann erzeugt, wenn die Resonanzbedingung erfüllt ist.
- H= bC # H= statisches Magnetfeld (1) #= Frequenz des Sende- und Empfangsmagneten (2) a= Gyromagnetisches Verhältnis Das heißt, das Magnetfeld H, in das ein Ensemble von Kernspins (in unserem Fall z.B. die Protonen des Körpers des Patienten) gebracht werden, muß proportional sein der Frequenz des Sendemagnetfeldes.
- Der Proportionalitätsfaktor Mv wird als gyromagnetisches Verhältnis bezeichnet.
- Der Magnetfeldgradient (3) bewirkt, daß die Resonanzbedingung nur für ein begrenztes Areal, meißtens eine Pfeillinie durch den Körper des Patienten, erfüllt ist.
- Ein Schnittbild des Patienten wird nun in folgenden Schritten erzeugt: 1 Das Gradientenfeld wird auf einen bestimmten Wert eingestellt.
- 2 Der Sender (6) sendet ein im Hauptrechner (5) gespeichertes Radiofrequenz-Impulsprogramm und erzeugt dadurch eine Sendeimpulsfolge im Sendemagneten (2).
- 3 Im Empfänger (7) erscheint ein Signal, das nach Verstärkung und Analog-Digitalwandlung in den Hauptrechner(5 weitergegeben wird.
- 4 Der Hauptrechner (5) ordnet dem Signal die entsprechende Gradientenstellung zu.
- 5 Der Gradient (3) wird nun nach einem im Hauptrechner (5) vorhandenen Programm gedreht,und die Punkte 2 bis 5 werden erneut abgefahren.
- Nach einer vollen Drehung des Gradientenfeldes (3) kann sich der Rechner ein Schnittbild des Patienten errechnen.
- Die empfangenen Signale sind sehr klein. Um die Auflösung des Bildes zu erhöhen, wird das Gradientenprogramm mehrmals durchgeführt und die Signale gemittelt.
- Dadurch wird jedoch die Meßzeit erhöht, was zu den oben genannten Schwierigkeiten führt.
- Problemstellung: Es stellt sich also das Problem, die durch die Bewegungen des Körpers während der langen Meßzeit hervorgerufene Unschärfe des erzeugten Bildes zu verhindern.
- Erfindungsgeäße Problemlösung: Das genannte Problem wird erfindungsgemäß wie folgt gelöst: 1.) Es muß die Position des Körpers bestimmt werden.
- Das kann durch zwei oder mehrere Signalgeber (8) (z.B. Lichtquellen, die gerichtete Lichtstrahlen aussenden) geschehen, die am Körper des Patienten befestigt sind. Die Positonssignale fallen auf eine Signalplatte (9), die mit einem Positionsrechner (10) verbunden ist, welcher die Position des Patienten. errechnet.
- 2.) Der Positionsrechner ist verbunden mit dem Hauptrechner (5), der die Bilderzeugung sowohl von der Sendeseite ( ein Programm für die zeitliche Folge der Gradientenfelder (3) und ein Programm für die Radiofrequenzimpulsfolge (6)) als auch von der Empfängerseite (7) ( ein Programm für die Verwertung der empfangenen Signale) steuert.
- Die Kopplung zwischen dem Positionsrechner (10) und dem Hauptrechner (5) stellt den eigentlichen erfinderischen Gedanken dar.
- Sie kann auf zwei Arten durchgeführt werden: a) Der Positionsrechner (10) meldet dem Hauptrechner (5) die Position des Patienten. Dqraufhin wird auf der Senderseite des Hauptrechners (5) die zeitliche Abfolge der Gradientenfelder (3) so geändert, daß bei einer Bewegung des Patienten die Gradientenfelder genau um diese Bewegung verschoben werden.
- So wird auf der Empfangsseite eine Bilderzeugung gewährleistet, wie man sie erhalten würde, wenn der Patient sich nicht bewegen würde.
- b) die zeitliche Abfolge der Gradientenfelder (3) läuft nach einem vorgegebenen Programm ab. Der Postionsrechner (10) meldet dem Hauptrechner (5) die Position des Patienten. Der Hauptrechner (5) ordnet dann ein Empfangssignal einem Ort im Patienten zu, der sich aus dem jeweiligen Gradientenfeld (3) und dem Ort des Patienten ergibt.
- Das erste Verfahren ist dem zweiten Verfahren vorzuziehen, da sich hier bezüglich des Patienten und nicht wie im zweiten Verfahren bezüglich eines Laborkoordinatensystems eine homogene Messung der Signale ergibt.
- - Leerseite -
Claims (4)
- Patentansprüche: 1.) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Vermeidung von Bildverwischungen oder Verminderung des Auflösungsvermögens bei medizinischen bildgebenden Verfahren, die durch Bewegung des Patienten während der Bildaufnahme entstehen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Position des Patienten kontinuierlich oder in Intervallen, die kurz gegen die Bilderfassung sind, in einem Computer (Positionscomputer) erfaßt wird und daß die jeweilige Positionsbestimmung des Patienten entweder das Abtastungsprogramm (die Abtastungsfolge) oder die Zuordnung der abgetasteten Meßwerte zu einem Punkt im Körper des Patienten beeinflußt.
- 2.) Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Positionsbestimmung des Patienten Sender angebracht werden.
- 3.) Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei Bewegungen des Patienten während der Abtastung durch das bildgebende Verfahren die Abtastungsfolge durch ständige Koordinatentransformationen korrigiert wird, so daß für die Abtastung des Körpers nicht ein raumfestes sondern ein auf die jeweilige Position des Patienten bezogenes Koordinatensystem wirksam wird.
- 4.) Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei der Zuordnung der abgetasteten Meßwerte zu einem Raumpunkt nicht ein raumfestes sondern ein auf den Körper des Patienten bezogenes Koordinatensystem benutzt wird.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19843447365 DE3447365A1 (de) | 1984-12-24 | 1984-12-24 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur vermeidung von bildverwischungen bei medizinischen bildgebenden verfahren hervorgerufen durch bewegungen des patienten waehrend der bildaufnahme |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19843447365 DE3447365A1 (de) | 1984-12-24 | 1984-12-24 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur vermeidung von bildverwischungen bei medizinischen bildgebenden verfahren hervorgerufen durch bewegungen des patienten waehrend der bildaufnahme |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE3447365A1 true DE3447365A1 (de) | 1986-07-03 |
Family
ID=6253872
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19843447365 Withdrawn DE3447365A1 (de) | 1984-12-24 | 1984-12-24 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur vermeidung von bildverwischungen bei medizinischen bildgebenden verfahren hervorgerufen durch bewegungen des patienten waehrend der bildaufnahme |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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DE (1) | DE3447365A1 (de) |
Cited By (77)
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---|---|---|---|---|
EP0456103A2 (de) * | 1990-05-11 | 1991-11-13 | International Business Machines Corporation | Bildgeführtes Robotersystem für genaue Chirurgie |
EP0904733A1 (de) * | 1997-09-27 | 1999-03-31 | Kantonsspital Basel | Verfahren und Gerät zur Aufnahme eines drei-dimensionalen Bildes eines Körperteils |
US7967868B2 (en) | 2007-04-17 | 2011-06-28 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | Patient-modified implant and associated method |
US8070752B2 (en) | 2006-02-27 | 2011-12-06 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | Patient specific alignment guide and inter-operative adjustment |
US8092465B2 (en) | 2006-06-09 | 2012-01-10 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | Patient specific knee alignment guide and associated method |
US8133234B2 (en) | 2006-02-27 | 2012-03-13 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | Patient specific acetabular guide and method |
US8170641B2 (en) | 2009-02-20 | 2012-05-01 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | Method of imaging an extremity of a patient |
US8241293B2 (en) | 2006-02-27 | 2012-08-14 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | Patient specific high tibia osteotomy |
US8265949B2 (en) | 2007-09-27 | 2012-09-11 | Depuy Products, Inc. | Customized patient surgical plan |
US8282646B2 (en) | 2006-02-27 | 2012-10-09 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | Patient specific knee alignment guide and associated method |
US8298237B2 (en) | 2006-06-09 | 2012-10-30 | Biomet Manufacturing Corp. | Patient-specific alignment guide for multiple incisions |
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-
1984
- 1984-12-24 DE DE19843447365 patent/DE3447365A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (161)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0456103A2 (de) * | 1990-05-11 | 1991-11-13 | International Business Machines Corporation | Bildgeführtes Robotersystem für genaue Chirurgie |
US5086401A (en) * | 1990-05-11 | 1992-02-04 | International Business Machines Corporation | Image-directed robotic system for precise robotic surgery including redundant consistency checking |
EP0456103A3 (en) * | 1990-05-11 | 1992-04-29 | International Business Machines Corporation | Image-directed robotic system for precise surgery |
US5299288A (en) * | 1990-05-11 | 1994-03-29 | International Business Machines Corporation | Image-directed robotic system for precise robotic surgery including redundant consistency checking |
US5408409A (en) * | 1990-05-11 | 1995-04-18 | International Business Machines Corporation | Image-directed robotic system for precise robotic surgery including redundant consistency checking |
EP0904733A1 (de) * | 1997-09-27 | 1999-03-31 | Kantonsspital Basel | Verfahren und Gerät zur Aufnahme eines drei-dimensionalen Bildes eines Körperteils |
US6259942B1 (en) | 1997-09-27 | 2001-07-10 | Surgical Navigation Specialist Inc. | Method and apparatus for recording a three-dimensional image of a body part |
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