DE2924753A1 - Increasing feed efficiency and milk prodn. of ruminants - by adjusting feed to give optimal rumen ion concn. as measured by an introduced telemetric ph detector - Google Patents
Increasing feed efficiency and milk prodn. of ruminants - by adjusting feed to give optimal rumen ion concn. as measured by an introduced telemetric ph detectorInfo
- Publication number
- DE2924753A1 DE2924753A1 DE19792924753 DE2924753A DE2924753A1 DE 2924753 A1 DE2924753 A1 DE 2924753A1 DE 19792924753 DE19792924753 DE 19792924753 DE 2924753 A DE2924753 A DE 2924753A DE 2924753 A1 DE2924753 A1 DE 2924753A1
- Authority
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- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- rumen
- detector
- feed
- prodn
- telemetric
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 210000004767 rumen Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 241000282849 Ruminantia Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000001124 body fluid Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010839 body fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000010444 Acidosis Diseases 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 206010061291 Mineral deficiency Diseases 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003674 animal food additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 208000030090 Acute Disease Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007950 acidosis Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000026545 acidosis disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000035611 feeding Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010016717 Fistula Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000186660 Lactobacillus Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000012868 Overgrowth Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000013494 PH determination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009534 blood test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012928 buffer substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001079 digestive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003890 fistula Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002496 gastric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000004213 low-fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000005706 microflora Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004899 motility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001139 pH measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003800 pharynx Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011321 prophylaxis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0002—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
- A61B5/0004—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network characterised by the type of physiological signal transmitted
- A61B5/0011—Foetal or obstetric data
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K29/00—Other apparatus for animal husbandry
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61D—VETERINARY INSTRUMENTS, IMPLEMENTS, TOOLS, OR METHODS
- A61D17/00—Devices for indicating trouble during labour of animals ; Methods or instruments for detecting pregnancy-related states of animals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61D—VETERINARY INSTRUMENTS, IMPLEMENTS, TOOLS, OR METHODS
- A61D7/00—Devices or methods for introducing solid, liquid, or gaseous remedies or other materials into or onto the bodies of animals
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Gynecology & Obstetrics (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Reproductive Health (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Pregnancy & Childbirth (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Verfahren zur Steigerung der Tierproduktion Method of increasing animal production
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Steigerung der Tierproduktion, insbesondere Verbesserung der Futterverwertung und Erhöhung der Milchleistung bei Wiederkäuern, bei dem die Ionenkonzentration in Körperflüssigkeiten bestimmt wird.The invention relates to a method for increasing animal production, in particular to improve feed conversion and increase milk yield Ruminant, in which the concentration of ions in body fluids is determined.
In den Vormägender Wiederkäuer wird der Hauptteil der pflanzlichen Nahrung durch Mikroben aufgeschlossen und bis zu niedrigen Fettsäuren, insbesondere Essigsäure, Propionsäure und Buttersäure abgebaut, die dann resorbiert werden. Die komplizierten Verdauungsvorgänge können bei Futteränderung oder Störung der Mikroflora und -fauna leicht fehlgesteuert werden.In the Vormägender ruminants the main part of the vegetable Food digested by microbes and down to low fat, in particular Acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid are broken down, which are then absorbed. the Complicated digestive processes can occur when the food is changed or the microflora is disturbed and fauna can easily be misdirected.
Der optimale pH-Wert des Pansensaftes liegt bei 6,4 bis 6,8.The optimal pH value of the rumen juice is 6.4 to 6.8.
Eine Verschiebung in den alkalischen Bereich mit Werten bis 8,5 erfolgt bei Futterentzug, Fäulnisprozessen oder bestimmten Futtermitteln. Stärkehaltige Nahrung dagegen läßt zunehmend Fettsäuren, vor allem Propionsäure entstehen. Der pH-Wert sinkt auf 6 bis 5,7. überfütterung führt schließlich zu Milchsäuregärung mit pH-Werten bis unter 5,5. Die latente Pansenazidose geht dann bei Werten unter 5,0 in eine akute Azidose über mit Absterben der gesamten Vormagen-Mikrofauna, überwuchern grampositiver Kokken, Stäbchen und Lactobazillen und absoluter Hemmung der Vormagenmotilität. Schon bei geringer Pansenazidose kommt es zu erheblichen Produktionsstörungen, insbesondere zur Verminderung der Futterverwertung und der Milchqualität.A shift into the alkaline range with values up to 8.5 takes place in the case of feed deprivation, putrefaction or certain Feed. Starchy foods, on the other hand, increasingly leave fatty acids, especially propionic acid develop. The pH drops to 6 to 5.7. Overfeeding will eventually lead to lactic acid fermentation with pH values below 5.5. The latent rumen acidosis then goes down with values 5.0 in acute acidosis overgrowth with death of the entire forestomach microfauna gram-positive cocci, rods and lactobacilli and absolute inhibition of forestomach motility. Even with low rumen acidosis, there are significant production disruptions, especially to reduce feed conversion and milk quality.
Eine chronische Azidose wird in der Regel durch extrakorporale Entnahme des Pansensaftes und Messung des pH-Wertes festgestellt. Die Prozedur ist relativ aufwendig und wird mit einer speziellen Schlundsonde oder in der Forschung auch durch eine experimentell gesetzte Fistel durchgeführt. Man erhält dabei nur eine punktuelle pH-Bestimmung. Eine Früherkennung der Azidose ist ferner durch titrimetrische Bestimmung der renalen Netto-Säure-Base-Ausscheidung möglich (Mh.Vet.-Med. 34 (1979) 44 - 46).Chronic acidosis is usually diagnosed by extracorporeal sampling of the rumen juice and measurement of the pH value. The procedure is relative elaborate and is also used with a special pharynx or in research carried out through an experimentally placed fistula. You only get one selective pH determination. Early detection of acidosis is also possible by titrimetric Determination of the renal net acid-base excretion possible (Mh.Vet.-Med. 34 (1979) 44-46).
All diese Methoden dienen im Prinzip nur zur Erkennung der klinisch manifesten Erkrankung. Die voran- und vorübergehenden Zustände, welche die Tierproduktion beeinflussen, werden nicht erkannt Beim Menschen werden zur Bestimmung des pH-Wertes des Gastrointestinaitraktes sog. "Heidelberger Kapseln". eingesetzt.In principle, all of these methods are only used for clinical detection manifest disease. The pre-emptive and transitory states that make animal production affect are not recognized Becoming a determination in humans the pH value of the gastrointestinal extract, so-called "Heidelberg capsules". used.
Es handelt sich um kleine verschluckbare Sender, deren Meßdaten von extrakorporalen Gürtelantennen aufgenommen werden.These are small transmitters that can be swallowed, whose measurement data is from extracorporeal belt antennas are included.
Sie ermöglichen zwar eine manipulationsfreie Messung, der pH-Wert kann dabei aber nur entsprechend der Passage nacheinander an verschiedenen Punkten des Verdauungstraktes kurzzeitig festgestellt werden.They allow a manipulation-free measurement, the pH value but can only do so at different points one after the other according to the passage of the digestive tract can be detected briefly.
In Abhängigkeit von der Fütterung kann ferner bei Wiederkäuern ein Defizit an bestimmten Mineralien, wie z.B. Ca, Mg, Co, Mn, auftreten, das ebenfalls noch vor dem Eintreten einer akuten Erkrankung einen Leistungsabfall und damit verbunden wirtschaftliche Nachteile verursacht. Im allgemeinen werden diese Krankheiten erst an äußeren Symptomen erkannt oder durch Blutuntersuchungen festgestellt. Eine kontinuierliche Überwachung der Ionenkonzentrationen im Pansen zum Zwecke der Steigerung der Tierproduktion ist nicht bekannt.Depending on the feeding, a Deficiencies in certain minerals, such as Ca, Mg, Co, Mn, also occur before the onset of an acute illness, a drop in performance and associated with it causes economic disadvantages. In general, these diseases are just getting started recognized by external symptoms or determined by blood tests. A continuous Monitoring of ion concentrations in the rumen for the purpose of increasing animal production is not known.
Bei Verwendung von Fertigfutter (Diät) ist zwar das Mineralstoff angebot optimiert, aber bei allen Fütterungen mit wirtschaftseigenem Futter ist der Mineralstoffbedarf nicht bestimmt und nicht optimiert.When using ready-made feed (diet), the mineral is offered optimized, but with all feedings with farm-own feed the mineral requirement is not determined and not optimized.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren anzugeben, bei dem die Tierproduktion mit einfachen Maßnahmen gesteigert und gleichzeitig ein Auftreten der auf akute Azidose und auf Mineralstoffmangel zurückzuführenden Erkrankungen verhindert werden kann.The invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a method in which the animal production is increased with simple measures and at the same time Occurrence of diseases due to acute acidosis and mineral deficiency can be prevented.
Es hat sich nun gezeigt, daß sich diese Aufgabe in technisch fortschrittlicher Weise lösen läßt, wenn die Ionenkonzentration im Pansen kontinuierlich über einen längeren Zeitraum (Monate bis Jahre) telemetrisch gemessen und durch Gabe von Futtermitteln oder Futtermittelzusätzen auf den optimalen Wert eingestellt wird. Die vorteilhaften Ausführungsformen des Verfahrens sind in den Ansprüchen 2 bis 4 erläutert.It has now been shown that this task is technically more advanced Lets solve way if the ion concentration in the rumen is continuously above a longer period (months to years) measured telemetrically and by giving feed or feed additives is adjusted to the optimal value. The beneficial ones Embodiments of the method are explained in claims 2 to 4.
Zur pH-Messung imVormagen der Wiederkäuer wird ein an sich bekannter pH-Detektor verwendet. Er besteht im wesentlichen aus einer pH-Elektrode, einer Referenzelektrode und einem elektronischen Teil zur Impedanzanpassung und Verstärkung der elektrochemischen Spannung zwischen beiden Elektroden.For pH measurement in the foreground of ruminants, a known one is used pH detector used. It essentially consists of a pH electrode, a Reference electrode and an electronic part for impedance matching and amplification the electrochemical voltage between the two electrodes.
Der elektronische Teil beinhaltet ferner den Telemetriesender. Dieser wird aus einem Spannungs-Frequenz-Konventor bestehen, in dem die Elektrodenspannung in eine hochfrequente elektromagnetische Welle umgeformt wird, deren Frequenz bzw. Abweichung von einer-Sollfrequenz proportional zum pH-Wert ist. Die elektromagnetische Welle wird abgestrahlt.The electronic part also contains the telemetry transmitter. This will consist of a voltage-frequency conventor in which the electrode voltage is converted into a high-frequency electromagnetic wave, the frequency or Deviation from a target frequency is proportional to the pH value. The electromagnetic Wave is emitted.
Zur Leistungsversorgung dient eine Batterie. Alternativ dazu kann die Leistungsversorgung über ein hochfrequentes, elektromagnetisches Wechselfeld erfolgen, dessen Sender nahe dem Tier angebracht ist. Der pH-Detektor ist ferner mit einer bioverträglichen Hülle, z B. aus Siliconkautschuk, versehen. Er wird peroral verabreicht. Die elektromagnetische Strahlung hat je nach Auslegung und Leistung des Senders eine Reichweite von einigen Metern. Ein entsprechendes Empfangsgerät nimmt die Strahlung auf, verstärkt und verarbeitet sie und zeigt dann den im Magen des Wiederkäuers herrschenden pH-Wert an. Bei abweichenden Werten kann der Tierhalter eine Futterumstellung vornehmen oder eine Puffersubstanz peroral verabreichen. In der Praxis kann somit einmal eine Optimierung der Fütterung in den Beständen und der Futterverwertung bei den Tieren und damit eine größere Wirtschaftlichkeit erreicht und zum anderen eine klinische Erkrankung verhindert werden. In der Forschung bringt das Verfahren eine erhebliche technische Vereinfachung und größere Relevanz der Messungen.A battery is used to supply power. Alternatively, can the power supply via a high-frequency, electromagnetic alternating field whose transmitter is located close to the animal. The pH detector is also provided with a biocompatible cover, e.g. made of silicone rubber. He becomes peroral administered. The electromagnetic radiation has depending on the design and performance of the transmitter has a range of a few meters. A corresponding one Receiving device absorbs the radiation, amplifies and processes it and then shows that in the stomach of the ruminant at the prevailing pH. If the values differ, the pet owner can change the feed or administer a buffer substance orally. In the practice can thus once an optimization of the feeding in the stocks and the feed conversion in the animals and thus a greater profitability is achieved and on the other hand a clinical disease can be prevented. Bringing in research the procedure a considerable technical simplification and greater relevance of the Measurements.
Der pH-Detektor kann im Pansen der Wiederkäuer magnetisch fixiert werden. Hierfür wird der Detektor selbst mit einem Magnet versehen und im Körper des Tieres ein weiterer Magnet angebracht. Ähnliche permanente intraruminale Körper werden heute schon bei der Fremdkörperprophylaxe angewendet. Es sind Stabmagnete in Käfigen aus harten Polymeren, die peroral verabreicht in der Pansenhaube komplikationsfrei verbleiben und aufgenommene metallische Fremdkörper festhalten.The pH detector can be magnetically fixed in the rumen of the ruminant will. For this purpose, the detector itself is provided with a magnet and placed in the body another magnet attached to the animal. Similar permanent intraruminal bodies are already used today for foreign body prophylaxis. They are bar magnets in cages made of hard polymers, which are administered orally in the rumen hood without complications remain and hold on to any metallic foreign bodies that have been picked up.
Wenn der Detektor mit einem Magnet versehen ist, kann er mit Hilfe einer Sonde, z.B. einer Magnetsonde, entfernt werden. Nach Entfernung des Detektors und des Batteriewechsels kann der Detektor wieder verwendet werden.If the detector is provided with a magnet, it can use a probe, e.g. a magnetic probe. After removing the detector and the battery change, the detector can be used again.
Zur Uberwachung der Konzentration von Mineralstoffionen kann anstelle vom pH-Detektor ein ionenselektiver Detektor eingesetzt werden, der ähnlich aufgebaut ist.To monitor the concentration of mineral ions can be used instead an ion-selective detector with a similar structure can be used by the pH detector is.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19792924753 DE2924753A1 (en) | 1979-06-20 | 1979-06-20 | Increasing feed efficiency and milk prodn. of ruminants - by adjusting feed to give optimal rumen ion concn. as measured by an introduced telemetric ph detector |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19792924753 DE2924753A1 (en) | 1979-06-20 | 1979-06-20 | Increasing feed efficiency and milk prodn. of ruminants - by adjusting feed to give optimal rumen ion concn. as measured by an introduced telemetric ph detector |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE2924753A1 true DE2924753A1 (en) | 1981-01-08 |
Family
ID=6073599
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19792924753 Withdrawn DE2924753A1 (en) | 1979-06-20 | 1979-06-20 | Increasing feed efficiency and milk prodn. of ruminants - by adjusting feed to give optimal rumen ion concn. as measured by an introduced telemetric ph detector |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE2924753A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4615891A (en) * | 1985-01-23 | 1986-10-07 | Agway Inc. | Method of formulating dairy cow rations based on carbohydrate regulation |
| US4617276A (en) * | 1985-01-23 | 1986-10-14 | Agway Inc. | Novel method for quantitating structural and non-structural carbohydrates in feedstuffs |
| WO2012047150A1 (en) * | 2010-10-04 | 2012-04-12 | Delaval Holding Ab | In vivo determination of acidity levels |
-
1979
- 1979-06-20 DE DE19792924753 patent/DE2924753A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4615891A (en) * | 1985-01-23 | 1986-10-07 | Agway Inc. | Method of formulating dairy cow rations based on carbohydrate regulation |
| US4617276A (en) * | 1985-01-23 | 1986-10-14 | Agway Inc. | Novel method for quantitating structural and non-structural carbohydrates in feedstuffs |
| WO2012047150A1 (en) * | 2010-10-04 | 2012-04-12 | Delaval Holding Ab | In vivo determination of acidity levels |
| US8694091B2 (en) | 2010-10-04 | 2014-04-08 | Delaval Holding Ab | In vivo determination of acidity levels |
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