DE1510395B1 - Method and device for opening fiber flocks, in particular for producing fiber fleece - Google Patents

Description

electricity are supported. In doing so, however, the air flow must be a narrow point between the feed device and the toothed roller pass, whereby initially a compaction of the material also under the action of the air flow takes place. In this known device one tries to control the air flow and to guide the fibers through a nozzle-like narrowing and widening channel, in order to better separate the foreign matter and solids from the fibers. However, this will result in the Triggering effect severely impaired.

In contrast, it is the object of the present invention to provide a method and a device from the opening paragraph to further develop the type specified in more detail so that it becomes possible to unravel and open up of the fiber flocks much faster than before and without the risk of breaking the fibers to be able to, in particular also the work and editing of short or even very short fibers of e.g. B. 1 mm length is guaranteed with high effectiveness.

This object is achieved according to the method according to the invention in that the fibers when leaving a clamping point of a feed device from a sharp one, the feed device of Fiber flocks opposing air jet are torn from the flocks and the fiber material underneath sharp-angled deflection of the air jet is opened. So here are the fiber flocks on one Clamping point held, and when leaving the clamping point of a sharp jet of air, which the feed device is directed in the opposite direction, deflected at a sharp angle and opened in the process. Here, only individual fibers are removed from the clamping point by the sharp air jet, so that a high resolution is achieved without the fibers being mechanically overstrained will. Fiber breakage or fiber damage cannot occur here. At the same time, the Opening process take place with a high work and throughput speed.

The fibers are advantageously affected by a first sharp jet of air when they leave the clamping point Diverted over a sharp edge of a feed table and then through a second Opposite sharp air jet completely open.

To carry out the method, the invention is based on a device which has a mechanical Conveying device for the goods to be treated, a device for opening and untangling the goods and a device for the pneumatic removal of the opened fibers. This device is developed according to the invention in that the mechanical conveyor device at least in the area of its delivery end has a clamping point for holding the fiber material and this point at least one jet nozzle is assigned, which is connected to a compressed air source of controllable pressure and the delivery direction of the mechanical conveyor is opposite. To hold on of the fibers can advantageously have a corrugated roller and an edge bent up concavely around this of a feed table are used, the two of which are directed opposite one another and opposite one another in the conveying direction somewhat offset air jet nozzles are assigned.

Instead, two corrugated rollers can also serve as a clamping point, with an air jet nozzle Direction of exit directed opposite to the center of the exit gap between the corrugated rollers is.

With the new devices, fibers of very short lengths of 1 to 2 mm, generally can also be referred to as industrial dust, can be reliably processed and opened so that these materials can also be used to advantage in the manufacture of nonwovens. This takes place in contrast to the known devices opening, untangling and separating the short fibers on pure pneumatically, without the need for any particular turbulence. These eddies can be more damaging because experience shows that they lead to matting.

It is essential for the intended purpose that the material be held mechanically during opening is so that the air flow against the resistance of the held material by this the fibers individually peel off and so the good can untangle.

The invention is illustrated below with reference to schematic drawings of several exemplary embodiments explained in more detail.

Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment in side view an apparatus for carrying out the method according to the invention;

F i g. 2 shows in the same representation as FIG. 1 shows a second embodiment of the device;

F i g. FIG. 3 shows a machine for producing nonwovens and illustrates the arrangement of FIG new device in such a machine.

The in F i g. The device shown in FIG. 1 has an endlessly revolving delivery conveyor 7 for the fiber flocks 2 on. At the end of the delivery conveyor 7, the fiber flocks arrive at a fixed feed table 3, whose The discharge end is bent around a corrugated roller 1 rotating above the table and into an upwardly directed one sharp edge 3 'runs out. The corrugating roller 1 can with the feed table 3 and the sharp Edge 3 'interact with adjustable pressure and forms a clamping point 1, 3' with it. The sharp one Edge 3 'opposite a nozzle is arranged tangentially to the circumference of the corrugated roller 1, from which a Air jet 4 of the edge 3 'of the table emerges in the opposite direction. A second air nozzle is parallel to that upwardly bent end of the feed table 3 arranged so that the outlet opening is slightly deeper than the sharp edge 3 'is arranged and an air jet 5 emerges parallel to the air jet 4, which however directed in the opposite direction to the air jet 4 and a predetermined distance 6 'from it is offset laterally. The mutual perpendicular distance between the openings of the two nozzles is denoted by 6.

The flakes are clamped by the vibrating roller 1 at the bent end of the feed table 3 and when they pass over the edge 3 'through the first air jet 4 downwards Sharply bent and peeled off. The fibers that are driven down come directly onto it into the second air jet, which is opposite to the effect of the first air jet. Through this the isolated fibers are pulled further apart and driven upwards. Due to the special Embodiment of the delivery end 3 'of the feed table 3 ensures that the flakes are under the effect of the first beam 4 is beard-shaped

lay the edge, with the outer perimeter of the edge arching towards the second The nozzle is curved, around the fibers drawn from the beard by the first air jet 4 into the effective area deflect the second air jet 5. The indicated distances 6 and 6 'are adjustable, so that different fibers, different consistencies and lengths can be processed with this device can be.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 2, in turn, an endless revolving conveyor belt 13 is provided, which the fibers under a doctor roller

14 feeds through with corrugated feed rollers 15 and 16. The mutual pressure of the two rollers

15 and 16 is adjustable. The two rollers form a mechanical clamping point 15, 16 for the flakes and have an effect similar to that of the corrugating roller 1 and the feed table 3 in the embodiment according to Fig. 1.

In this embodiment according to FIG. 2 is only one air nozzle 17 is provided, the outlet opening of which is centered on the gap between the two rollers 15 and 16 is directed. The cross section of the outlet opening of the nozzle can be regulated. The one from the nozzle Exiting air jet hits the exit gap perpendicularly and is driven by the two corrugated rollers or feed rollers 15 and 16 split into two diverging and refluxing air jets, which fibers detach from the trapped fiber flakes in the gap and loosen the fibers and feed the loosened fibers for further processing. The devices according to FIG. 1 and 2 can be used in a nonwoven fabric machine. Such is shown schematically in FIG. 3 reproduced. The fibers run through the machine according to FIG. 3 from right to left. That of the feeder 22 fed through the pneumatic conveying channel 21 fiber flocks are over a Conveyor belt 23 and a compensating roller 24 on a horizontal endlessly revolving belt 25 in a predetermined Way abandoned. The endless conveyor belt

25 conveys the flakes to the point marked A , at which one of the devices according to FIGS. 1 and 2 is arranged. After opening by one of these devices, the opened flakes reach the treatment chamber 26. In this there is an intimate mixture with a synthetic resin powder serving as a binder. In the chamber 26 a circulating flow is maintained according to the arrow 27, the direction of entry into the chamber

26 can be adjusted by the deflection surface.

During the production of the fiber fleece in the wet process, a synthetic resin binder is added in liquid form at 34 Form dusted, which envelops the whirled up fibers. The coated fibers are on the upper run 30 of an endless air-permeable belt conveyor collected in which the in the circuit guided air is sucked off below the belt in a suction box 31. The rate of precipitation on the belt 30 by generating an additional negative pressure with the suction channel 35 can be set in the suction box 31.

At 36 mineral additives can be added. Outside air can be regulated in an adjustable amount, z. B. through the adjustable flaps 37, are introduced into the chamber 26.

The fibrous material deposited on the belt 30 is transported with the aid of the upper endless conveyor 32 compressed and by a serving to heat and solidify the plastic binder Tunnel 38 out, in which a hot air stream is generated by means of the fan 39. The airflow the fiber layer can be from top to bottom or from bottom to top or alternately in both directions flow through. The speed of the belts 30 and 32 can also be adjusted.

At the exit of the tunnel 38, the fibrous web is either wound onto a mandrel or under carried out a drop knife 40, by which the nonwoven material is divided into strips of adjustable width will.

1 sheet of drawings

Claims (5)

Claims: In this case, both the feeding and the opening of the fiber material take place mechanically, while the air flow primarily serves to remove the opened fiber material pneumatically. A similar device is known from German Auslegeschrift 1 122 418, in which the fiber material is also opened and thrown off by a hackling roller. In this known arrangement, a channel for an air 1. Method of opening fiber flocks,
in particular for the manufacture of nonwovens, in which
the fiber material fed mechanically
and is discharged pneumatically, characterized in that the fibers when leaving a clamping point (1, 3 'or 15, 16) one
Feed device (3 or 13, 14) provided by a gap which pneumatically carries the thrown off material in the sharp, the feed direction of the fiber flocks centrifugal direction. From the German Auslegeschrift 1 107 565 a machine for producing a fiber fleece is known, in which the fiber material is fed via a table of 15 to a feed roller of a toothed opening drum will. With its teeth, the opening drum plucks the individual flakes from the fiber material supplied and brings them into the interior of the housing in the area of a circulating air flow guide table (3) diverted and then by ao mes. The air flow carries the flakes from the periphery a second, oppositely directed, sharp air jet continues the toothed roller and guides it in an unregulated jet be fully opened. ter layer on a rotating sieve drum, which is used for 3. Device for carrying out the process of building up the nonwoven fabric is used. Here, too, takes place according to claim 1 with a mechanical conveyor, the opening in a purely mechanical way, while device for the material to be treated, as the air flow is used solely to remove the flakes from the device for opening and untangling the material and a device for pneumatic
Removal of the opened fibers, thereby opposing air jet are torn from the flakes and the fiber material is opened with a sharp-angled deflection of the air jet will. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fibers when leaving the Terminal point (1, 3 ') of a first sharp air jet over a sharp edge (3') of a zu, that the mechanical conveyor To transport opening device to a further processing device. It is also known to clean the fiber flocks pneumatically. Be for this purpose direction at least in the area of their delivery- 30 with the machine according to the German patent specification of the one clamping point (1, 3 'or 15, 16) for holding 1 035 542 cotton flakes or cotton swabs down of the fiber material and this right to the direction of a flowing out of a nozzle Place at least one jet nozzle (4 or 17) for air jet introduced into this air jet and arranged in sequence is, which with a compressed air source ge the deflection and the swirl of Schavon Controllable pressure connected and the waste 35 or the like. Foreign bodies freed. Connection direction the mechanical conveyor ßend the flakes through a narrowing is opposite. Cleaning nozzle pressed and one behind the- 4. Apparatus according to claim 3 for executing nozzle-forming vortex field exposed. Though Ren of the method according to claim 2, thereby the item is also opened, but below indicates that as a clamping point a corrugated whale 40 heavy use and with the risk that ze (1) and one that is curved upwards in a concave manner due to the strong turbulence in solid channels Edge (3 ') of a feed table (3) is used, so the friction that occurs is strong NEN two opposing and opposing matting of the goods occurs. A isolation of the Air jet nozzles (4 and 5) that are slightly offset in the conveying direction are assigned to one another. 5. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the clamping point (15, 16) through two corrugated rollers (15 and 16) is formed, and that an air jet nozzle (17) of the outlet direction Fiber is not possible in this way. In addition, 45 this known method requires that the Individual flakes or cotton wool gaps can already be fed into the air stream. A similar cleaning device is known from US Pat. No. 2,834,061, in which the cotton is mechanically direction opposite to the middle of the exit gap 50 ways opened by a corresponding device is directed between the corrugated rollers. will. The opened fibers are then turned into a Carrier air flow mixed in, the band-shaped one Gap is fed. A blow stream is applied perpendicular to the exit direction at the gap, the The invention relates to a method and a 55 deflecting the lighter fibers while the heavier device for opening fiber flocks, especially impurities further in the feed direction those for the production of nonwovens, in which the fiber material flies away and falls into a collecting container. A mechanically supplied and pneumatically opening or separating is carried out by the air stream discharged will. mung not. This process of opening is often From German patents 704 915 and 60 more purely mechanical. 744 are devices for making Finally is from British patent specification Nonwovens known, in which the fibers media- 893 564 a toothed roller known, which to this niche, e.g. B. via a corrugated inlet roller, one serves, the opened material of a rapidly rotating tooth or Hechelwalze are fed, from which to feed the roller through which the material is so bedas Fiber material is thrown off. That is accelerated by the He-65 that the heavier impurity pinch roller Loosened and thrown-off goods are removed from the fibers at a separation point be thrown by the throwing off path of the fiber material. This hurling out of those who cross Air flow entrained and carried away. impurities can be removed by an additional air