DE10330123A1 - Fuel cell system with reformer supplied with hydrocarbons and air-water mixture and fuel cell has arrangement for returning part of fuel cell output gas to device for producing air-water mixture - Google Patents
Fuel cell system with reformer supplied with hydrocarbons and air-water mixture and fuel cell has arrangement for returning part of fuel cell output gas to device for producing air-water mixture Download PDFInfo
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- DE10330123A1 DE10330123A1 DE10330123A DE10330123A DE10330123A1 DE 10330123 A1 DE10330123 A1 DE 10330123A1 DE 10330123 A DE10330123 A DE 10330123A DE 10330123 A DE10330123 A DE 10330123A DE 10330123 A1 DE10330123 A1 DE 10330123A1
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- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- air
- water mixture
- water
- cell system
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04291—Arrangements for managing water in solid electrolyte fuel cell systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04126—Humidifying
- H01M8/04141—Humidifying by water containing exhaust gases
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
- H01M8/04164—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal by condensers, gas-liquid separators or filters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Brennstoffzellensystem gemäß Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 und ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Brennstoffzellensystems gemäß Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 5.The The invention relates to a fuel cell system according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method of operating a fuel cell system according to the generic term of claim 5.
Brennstoffzellensysteme sind bekannt. Aufgrund ihres hohen elektrochemischen Wirkungsgrades eignen sich derartige Systeme insbesondere für einen mobilen Einsatz, bspw. in Kraftfahrzeugen. Ein Brennstoffzellensystem kann als Hauptenergiequelle für ein elektrisches Antriebsaggregat oder als Ergänzung zu Batteriespeichern eingesetzt werden. Weiterhin bieten sich Brennstoffzellensysteme als zusätzliche Energieerzeugungseinheiten (sogenannte APU – Auxiliary Power Unit) für den mobilen Einsatz an, da die Erzeugung elektrischer Energie mittels einer Brennstoffzelle in der Regel wirkungsgradgünstiger ist als ein von einer Brennkraftmaschine angetriebener elektrischer Generator. Besonders bei Fahrzeugen mit einer Vielzahl von Stromverbrauchern kann der Betrieb eines solchen Brennstoffzellensystems sehr effektiv sein. Ein derartiges Brennstoffzellensystem für den mobilen Einsatz umfasst üblicherweise eine Membranbrennstoffzelle (sogenannte PEM oder PEMFC – Polymer Electrolyte Membran Fuel Cell) mit einem Kraftstoffreformer, so dass die Mitführung eines zusätzlichen Kraftstoffes vermieden werden kann.Fuel cell systems are known. Due to its high electrochemical efficiency Such systems are particularly suitable for mobile use, eg. in motor vehicles. A fuel cell system can be used as a main source of energy for an electric Drive unit or as a supplement used for battery storage. Furthermore, fuel cell systems are available as additional Power generation units (so-called APU - Auxiliary Power Unit) for the mobile Use, since the generation of electrical energy by means of a Fuel cell is usually more efficient than one of one Internal combustion engine driven electric generator. Especially in vehicles with a variety of power consumers, the Operation of such a fuel cell system to be very effective. Such a fuel cell system for mobile use usually includes a membrane fuel cell (so-called PEM or PEMFC - polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell) with a fuel reformer, so that entrainment an additional one Fuel can be avoided.
Der zur Brenngaserzeugung für die Brennstoffzelle notwendige Reformierungsprozess basiert auf der katalytischen Umsetzung des jeweils verwendeten Kraftstoffs unter Zuhilfenahme von Wasserdampf und Sauerstoff. Üblicherweise werden zu diesem Zweck flüssiges Wasser und Umgebungsluft gemischt, verdampft und anschließend überhitzt. In den heißen komprimierten Gasstrom wird dann der Kraftstoff eingedüst. Das verwendete Wasser kann aus dem Abgas abgeschieden werden, indem dieses gekühlt und das im Abgas enthaltene Wasser anschließend mit einer Kondensatabscheidung zurück gewonnen wird.Of the for fuel gas production for the fuel cell necessary reforming process is based on the catalytic conversion of the fuel used in each case with the help of water vapor and oxygen. Usually become liquid for this purpose Water and ambient air mixed, evaporated and then overheated. In the hot compressed gas stream is then injected into the fuel. The used water can be separated from the exhaust gas by this cooled and the water contained in the exhaust gas then with a condensate separation back is won.
Nachteilig bei den bekannten Systemen ist die notwendige Verdichterarbeit zur Erzeugung des erforderlichen Drucks für den dem System zugeführten Luftsauerstoff.adversely in the known systems, the necessary compressor work to Generation of the required pressure for the atmospheric oxygen supplied to the system.
Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Brennstoffzellensystem bzw. ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines solchen zur Verfügung zu stellen, das sich durch einen möglichst günstigen Gesamtwirkungsgrad auszeichnet.It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a fuel cell system or to provide a method of operating such a device one possible Great Overall efficiency.
Zur Lösung der Aufgabe wird ein Brennstoffzellsystem mit einem mit Kohlenwasserstoffen und einem Luft-Wasser-Gemisch gespeisten Reformer und einer Brennstoffzelle mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1 geschaffen, das sich durch eine Rückführung eines Abgasteilstroms der Brennstoffzelle zu einer Einrichtung zur Erzeugung des Luft-Wasser-Gemischs für den Reformer auszeichnet. Hierdurch erfolgt eine effiziente Rückgewinnung von bereits im System vorhandenen Gaskomponenten, die noch für den Reformierungsprozess genutzt werden können. Auf diese Weise kann ein Gesamtwirkungsgrad des Brennstoffzellensystems erhöht werden. Die Rückführung ist deshalb möglich, da die im Betrieb der Brennstoffzelle anfallenden Abgase ausreichende Mengen an Sauerstoff und Wasser enthalten, um den Reformer ohne zusätzliche Zufuhr von außen betreiben zu können.to solution The task is a fuel cell system with a hydrocarbon and an air-water mixture fed reformer and a fuel cell created with the features of the preamble of claim 1, the through a return of a Partial exhaust gas flow of the fuel cell to a device for generating the Air-water mixture for distinguishes the reformer. This results in an efficient recovery of gas components already in the system that are still in the process of reforming can be used. In this way, an overall efficiency of the fuel cell system elevated become. The return is therefore possible, there sufficient in the operation of the fuel cell exhaust gases Contain quantities of oxygen and water to the reformer without additional Supply from the outside to be able to operate.
Eine Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass die Einrichtung zur Erzeugung des Luft-Wasser-Gemischs eine Mischstufe in Form einer Strahlpumpe ist. Eine solche Strahlpumpe arbeitet nach dem Venturi-Prinzip und ermöglicht eine feinfühlige Regulierung der Anteile an Luft und Wasser im Gemisch.A Embodiment of the invention provides that the device for Generation of the air-water mixture, a mixing stage in the form of a Jet pump is. Such a jet pump works on the venturi principle and allows a sensitive regulation the proportions of air and water in the mixture.
Weiterhin kann eine Einrichtung zur Wasserrückgewinnung aus den Abgasen der Brennstoffzelle vorgesehen sein, wobei das rückgewonnene Wasser insbesondere zur Einrichtung zur Erzeugung des Luft-Wasser-Gemischs zugeführt werden kann. Auf diese Weise ist eine sehr weitgehende Nutzung der Endprodukte der Brennstoffzelle zur Rückgewinnung als Ausgangsprodukte ermöglicht.Farther can be a device for water recovery from the exhaust gases the fuel cell may be provided, wherein the recovered water in particular be supplied to the device for generating the air-water mixture can. In this way is a very extensive use of the final products the fuel cell for recovery as Allows starting products.
Ein erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Brennstoffzellensystems, bei dem Kohlenwasserstoffe und ein Luft-Wasser-Gemisch reformiert und einer Brennstoffzelle zugeführt werden, zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass ein Teil des Abgases der Brennstoffzelle zu einer Einrichtung zur Erzeugung des Luft-Wasser-Gemischs zurückgeführt wird. Die Ansaugung des Abgasteilstroms kann insbesondere mittels einer Strahlpumpe erfolgen. Vorteilhaft erweist sich hierbei, statt der Ansaugung von zusätzlichen Betriebstoffen bei Umgebungszustand auf bereits im Gesamtsystem vorhandene Medienströme zurückgreifen zu können. Der Vorteil dieses Verfahrens liegt in dem günstigen Energiehaushalt des Systems. Die Verdichtungsarbeit bei der Wasserstrahlpumpe muss lediglich für das inkompressible Medium, nämlich das Wasser, aufgebracht werden, so dass sich eine deutliche Verringerung der parasitären Leistungsaufnahme ergibt.One inventive method for operating a fuel cell system, wherein hydrocarbons and an air-water mixture reformed and a fuel cell supplied Be characterized by the fact that a part of the exhaust gas of the Fuel cell to a device for generating the air-water mixture is returned. The Intake of the exhaust gas partial stream can in particular by means of a jet pump respectively. It proves advantageous here, instead of the suction of additional Operating conditions at ambient condition already in the overall system resort to existing media streams to be able to. The advantage of this method lies in the favorable energy budget of the System. The compression work on the water jet pump only needs for the incompressible medium, namely the water, be applied, leaving a significant reduction the parasitic power consumption results.
Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung lassen sich den abhängigen Ansprüchen sowie der nachfolgenden Figurenbeschreibung entnehmen.Further Features and advantages of the invention can be deduced from the dependent claims as well take the following description of the figures.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel unter Bezugnahme auf die beiliegende Zeichnung näher erläutert. Die einzige Figur zeigt ein Brennstoffzellensystem, wie es bspw. als Energieversorgungseinheit für mobile Einsatzzwecke zur Anwendung kommen kann.The Invention will be described below with reference to a preferred embodiment explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The only figure shows a fuel cell system, such as, for example, as a power supply unit for mobile Applications can be used.
Ein
erfindungsgemäßes Brennstoffzellensystem
Über einen
motorbetriebenen Verdichter
Ein
Teil der Luft wird jedoch über
eine dritte Mischstufe
Mit
der gezeigten Anordnung kann der Kathodenluftsauerstoff für die Reformierung
zurückgewonnen
werden, ohne dass eine zusätzliche
Verdichterarbeit zur Erzeugung des Systemdrucks notwendig ist. Der
Vorteil dieser Verschaltung liegt unter anderem in dem günstigen
Energiehausalt des Systems. Im Falle der Rezirkulation müssen sämtliche Druckverlust
zwischen Reformeraustritt und Kathodenaustritt kompensiert werden.
Im Falle der Frischluftzufuhr sogar die vollständige Differenz zum Umgebungsdruck.
Im Gegensatz zu einem Reformerverdichter oder einem Rezirkulationsgebläse muss
die Verdichtungsarbeit bei der Wasserstrahlpumpe
Dieses System bietet sich im Falle des Brennstoffzellensystems mit Reformer daher besonders an, da das Saugmedium gleichzeitig als Ausgangsprodukt für den Reformierungsprozess fungiert. In Abhängigkeit vom zu erzielenden dynamischen Druckverlust kann über die Kondensator-Rückgewinnungseinheit, bevorzugt bestehend aus Wärmetauscher und/oder Expansionsmaschine, die Menge und Relation an Arbeitsmedium (Wasser) und angesaugtem Medium (z.B. Kathodenangas oder Umgebungsluft) eingestellt werden.This System offers itself in the case of the fuel cell system with reformer Therefore, especially because the suction medium at the same time as the starting product for the Reforming process acts. Depending on the achievable dynamic pressure loss can over the condenser recovery unit, preferably consisting of heat exchangers and / or expansion machine, the amount and relation to working medium (Water) and aspirated medium (e.g., cathode gas or ambient air) be set.
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10330123A DE10330123A1 (en) | 2003-07-04 | 2003-07-04 | Fuel cell system with reformer supplied with hydrocarbons and air-water mixture and fuel cell has arrangement for returning part of fuel cell output gas to device for producing air-water mixture |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10330123A DE10330123A1 (en) | 2003-07-04 | 2003-07-04 | Fuel cell system with reformer supplied with hydrocarbons and air-water mixture and fuel cell has arrangement for returning part of fuel cell output gas to device for producing air-water mixture |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE10330123A1 true DE10330123A1 (en) | 2005-01-20 |
Family
ID=33521318
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DE10330123A Withdrawn DE10330123A1 (en) | 2003-07-04 | 2003-07-04 | Fuel cell system with reformer supplied with hydrocarbons and air-water mixture and fuel cell has arrangement for returning part of fuel cell output gas to device for producing air-water mixture |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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DE (1) | DE10330123A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006010212A1 (en) * | 2004-07-28 | 2006-02-02 | Ceramic Fuel Cells Limited | Fuel cell system |
EP1855342A3 (en) * | 2006-05-09 | 2008-09-03 | J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG | Fuel cell system |
EP1739777A3 (en) * | 2005-06-28 | 2009-01-21 | J. Eberspächer GmbH Co. KG | Fuel cell system for vehicles |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4032652A1 (en) * | 1990-10-15 | 1992-04-16 | Linde Ag | Operating high temp. fuel cells with ion conducting electrolytes - supplying hydrogen@ produced from carboniferous insert at anode side and converting oxygen@ at cathode to electrical energy |
DE19701560C2 (en) * | 1997-01-17 | 1998-12-24 | Dbb Fuel Cell Engines Gmbh | Fuel cell system |
DE10040088A1 (en) * | 2000-08-16 | 2002-04-25 | Siemens Ag | Method for operating a fuel cell system and associated fuel cell system |
-
2003
- 2003-07-04 DE DE10330123A patent/DE10330123A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4032652A1 (en) * | 1990-10-15 | 1992-04-16 | Linde Ag | Operating high temp. fuel cells with ion conducting electrolytes - supplying hydrogen@ produced from carboniferous insert at anode side and converting oxygen@ at cathode to electrical energy |
DE19701560C2 (en) * | 1997-01-17 | 1998-12-24 | Dbb Fuel Cell Engines Gmbh | Fuel cell system |
DE10040088A1 (en) * | 2000-08-16 | 2002-04-25 | Siemens Ag | Method for operating a fuel cell system and associated fuel cell system |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006010212A1 (en) * | 2004-07-28 | 2006-02-02 | Ceramic Fuel Cells Limited | Fuel cell system |
EP1739777A3 (en) * | 2005-06-28 | 2009-01-21 | J. Eberspächer GmbH Co. KG | Fuel cell system for vehicles |
EP1855342A3 (en) * | 2006-05-09 | 2008-09-03 | J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG | Fuel cell system |
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Effective date: 20140201 |