DE102021111854B4 - concrete water drainage brake system - Google Patents

Abstract

Water discharge braking system for slowing down the flow of water in a canal, stream or river, comprising a substantially vertical wall (3) intended to be placed in the canal, stream or river to form a dam (3) in the canal, stream or river, thereby dividing the canal, stream or river into an upstream zone (OZ) and a downstream zone (AZ) with respect to the dam (3),wherein the system comprises at least one element made of concrete (1), and wherein the concrete element (1) consists at least of:- a base made of concrete (2) which is at least partially water-permeable, advantageously provided with one or more openings allowing the passage of water, the base (2) having a maximum length (LE) of 1 m to 5 m and a maximum width (BR) of 50 cm to 2.5 m, and- a first dam made of concrete (3) having at least one part (3A) which is preferably substantially non-water-permeable, the first dam (3) is equipped with at least one overflow system (3C),wherein the element (1) comprises a passage system (4) and/or is equipped with a passage system (4) made at least of aerated concrete (4) with an inner chamber (40) to collect water, wherein the passage system (4) has an upper part (41) made at least partially of aerated concrete, with an upper surface (41B) of at least 100 cm2, which is below the level of the overflow system (3C) when the base (2) is in a horizontal position, wherein the passage system (4) comprises a drainage system or drainage means (40A) for draining water flowing in the inner chamber (40) of the passage system (4),wherein in the passage system (4) the upper part (41) which is at least partially made of aerated concrete is made of hardened water-permeable aerated concrete by mixing a mixture of at least cement, aggregates with a particle size of 6 mm to 14 mm and water is hardened to obtain an open pore volume of 8 to 12% in the hardened water-permeable aerated concrete, the hardened water-permeable aerated concrete having a water permeability of 0.05 litres/m2/s to 5 litres/m2/s, preferably from 0.1 litres/m2/s to 3 litres/m2/s, ideally between 0.1 to 1 litre/m2/s, this water permeability of the upper part (41) being measured by lowering the water discharge braking system with an empty inner chamber (40) for the passage system (4) in a water tank (T) filled with water up to the level of the overflow system (3C) of the dam (3), with the base (2) in a horizontal position, and then by determining the amount of water passing through the upper part (41), which consists at least partially of aerated concrete, in 30 seconds within the inner chamber (40) of the passage system (4).

Description

The present invention relates to a water flow braking system that slows down the flow of water in a canal or a stream or a river and/or solves the problem of water infiltration.

The document DE 87 17 535 U1 discloses a bottom basin shell that is a hollow body with an overflow that is enclosed on four sides and is open at the top, and that has a wedge-shaped, trapezoidal or semi-circular longitudinal profile. This geometric design enables the bottom basin shell to collect the water and drain it away at the lowest possible flow speed.

The document DE 195 33 176 A1 proposes a cascade element for descending a watercourse gradient, whereby the cascade element has a base plate on which approximately circular wall sections are arranged opposite one another approximately on a circular line. Between the side ends of these wall sections, a wide opening is formed on the inlet side of the watercourse, i.e. upstream of the cascade element, and a narrow opening on the outlet side. The cascade element serves to break the gradient of watercourses in sections and thus prevent strong natural gradients that would cause permanent depressions in the bottom. By arranging cascade elements in a stepped manner in a water gradient, the watercourse can flow down over several height levels and thus achieve sufficient dissipation of excess kinetic energy.

• - einen unteren Abschnitt aus Beton mit einem V-förmigen Querschnitt;
• - Trennwände zur Verlangsamung des Wasserflusses: und
• - ein Dichtungsteil, das sich an den oberen Kanten des unteren Abschnitts befindet.

Document BE 1 019 124 A3 provides an insight into an application of a known system for the construction of a roadway or pedestrian walkway above a watercourse or canal. This system uses a series of modules that can be linked together. Each module contains a number of components, including:

• - a lower section made of concrete with a V-shaped cross-section;
• - Partitions to slow down the water flow: and
• - a sealing part located at the upper edges of the lower section.

This system interferes with the essential functions of a canal or river, since the sealing parts will disturb the vegetation in the canal as well as the life of animals. The slowing down of the water flow is achieved through the usual partitions. The sides of the canal must be covered with concrete. The correct positioning of the modules is necessary to avoid the risk of accidents, as well as obstructing the flow of water. The lower part of the first module can be lowered in relation to the lower part of the second module, creating a partition that completely obstructs the flow of water. The inspection of this system is complicated. The water in the canal remains in the dark due to the sealing parts and is therefore less aerated. This can lead to the growth of bacteria in the stagnant water, such as bacteria of the Legionellaceae family and/or the Anaerobic family.

According to BE 1 019 124 A3, the system requires the use of a large amount of concrete. The installation of the system is also time-consuming and must be carried out by professionals.

The system according to the invention has the object of solving one or more of such problems. According to the invention, the system does not affect the essential functions of a canal, in particular the vegetation in the canal, the life of animals in the canal, the infiltration of the water, the aeration of the water, etc. The system also serves as a means of solving the problem of floodplains.

According to the invention, the system itself is a water flow braking system comprising a substantially vertical wall (3) intended to be placed in the channel, stream or river to form a dam or partition (3) which in turn divides the channel, stream or river into an upstream zone (OZ) and a downstream zone (AZ) with respect to the dam or partition (3).

• - einer Basis (oder Platte) aus Beton (2), die vorzugsweise zumindest teilweise wasserdurchlässig ist (z.B. ist die Platte (2) mit Öffnungen oder einem hohlen Teil (20) versehen), wobei die Basis (2) eine maximale Länge (LE) von 1 m bis 5 m und eine maximale Breite (BR) von 50 cm bis 2,5 m aufweist; und
• - einen ersten Damm aus Beton (3), der mindestens einen Teil (3A) aufweist, der vorzugsweise im Wesentlichen nicht wasserdurchlässig ist, und wobei der erste Damm (3) mit mindestens einem Überlaufsystem (3C) ausgestattet ist.

The system comprises at least one concrete element (1), the concrete element (1) itself consisting of at least:

• - a base (or plate) made of concrete (2), which is preferably at least partially permeable to water (e.g. the plate (2) is provided with openings or a hollow part (20)), the base (2) having a maximum length (LE) of 1 m to 5 m and a maximum width (BR) of 50 cm to 2.5 m; and
• - a first dam made of concrete (3) having at least one part (3A) which is preferably substantially impermeable to water, and wherein the first dam (3) is equipped with at least one overflow system (3C).

This element (1) is made in one piece, which facilitates the placement of the element on the bottom of the canal or river.

The element (1) contains and/or is equipped with a passage system (4) made of at least aerated concrete forming an internal chamber (40) for collecting water, the passage system (4) comprising an upper part (41) made of aerated concrete with an upper surface of at least 100 cm ² extending below the level of the overflow system (3C) when the base (2) is in a horizontal position, the passage system comprising a drainage system or drainage means (40A) for draining water flowing in the internal chamber (40) of the passage system (4).

The transit system allows the flow of water to be better controlled by means of the drainage system or pipe (70). The flow of the minimum amount of water no longer depends on the opening of a dam or overflow opening through which dirty water can flow, with the risk of clogging. In addition, it is possible to further discharge the water, for example, to another point in the canal or river or into a pond, by connecting the transit system (4) to an outlet pipe. Since the water will flow through aerated concrete, it will be quite clean.

According to the invention, the aerated concrete upper part (41) of the passage system (4) is made of hardened porous water-permeable concrete. The water-permeable concrete is produced by hardening a mixture of at least cement, aggregate with a grain size of 6 mm to 14 mm and water in order to achieve an open-pore volume of 8 to 12 % in the hardened porous water-draining concrete, wherein the hardened porous water-draining concrete has a water permeability of 0.05 litres/m ² /s to 5 litres/m ² /s, preferably from 0.1 litres/m ² /s to 3 litres/m ² /s, ideally between 0. 1 to 1 litre/m ² /s, wherein the water permeability is determined by lowering the water discharge braking system (1) with empty interior (40) for the passage system (4) in a container filled with water to the level (PT) of the overflow system (3C) of the dam (3) with the bottom (2) in a horizontal position, and then determining the water flow rate measured in 30 seconds by the The amount of water flowing through the upper part (41) made of aerated concrete is measured within the interior (40) of the passage system (4).

The permeable aerated concrete (41) serves as a filter element. In this way, the outlet pipe (70) for the water flow remains clean.

• - einer Basis aus Beton (2), die zumindest teilweise wasserdurchlässig ist, vorteilhafterweise mit einer oder mehreren Öffnungen versehen, die den Durchfluss von Wasser ermöglichen (was auch die Stabilität verbessert und den Grundwasserdruck auf die Basis (2) reduziert), wobei die Basis (2) eine maximale Länge (LE) von 1 m bis 5 m und eine maximale Breite (BR) von 50 cm bis 2,5 m aufweist, und
• - einen ersten Damm aus Beton (3) mit mindestens einem Teil (3A), der vorzugsweise im Wesentlichen nicht wasserdurchlässig ist, wobei der erste Damm (3) mit mindestens einem Überlaufsystem (3C) ausgestattet ist,

wobei das Element (1) ein Durchgangssystem (4) umfasst und/oder mit einem Durchgangssystem (4) ausgestattet ist, das zumindest aus einem Porenbeton (4) mit einer inneren Kammer (40) hergestellt ist, um Wasser zu sammeln, wobei das Durchgangssystem (4) einen oberen Teil (41) aufweist, der zumindest teilweise aus Porenbeton mit einer oberen Fläche (41B) von mindestens 100 cm² hergestellt ist, die unterhalb des Niveaus des Überlaufsystems (3C) liegt, wenn sich die Basis (2) in einer horizontalen Position befindet, wobei das Durchgangssystem (4) ein Abflusssystem oder Abflussmittel (40A) zum Ableiten von Wasser umfasst, das in der inneren Kammer (40) des Durchgangssystems (4) fließt,
wobei in dem Durchgangssystem (4) der obere Teil (41), der zumindest teilweise aus Porenbeton besteht, aus gehärtetem wasserdurchlässigem Porenbeton hergestellt wird, indem eine Mischung aus zumindest Zement, Zuschlagstoffen mit einer Teilchengröße von 6 mm bis 14 mm und Wasser gehärtet wird, um ein offenporiges Volumen von 8 bis 12 % in dem gehärteten wasserdurchlässigen Porenbeton zu erhalten, wobei der gehärtete wasserdurchlässige Porenbeton eine Wasserdurchlässigkeit von 0. 05 Liter/m²/s bis 5 Liter/m²/s, vorzugsweise von 0,1 Liter/m²/s bis 3 Liter/m²/s, ideal zwischen 0. 1 bis 1 Liter/m²/s, wobei die Wasserdurchlässigkeit des oberen Teils (41) durch Absenken des Wasserabflussbremssystems mit einer leeren Innenkammer (40) für das Durchgangssystem (4) in einem Wassertank (T) gemessen wird, der bis zum Niveau des Überlaufsystems (3C) des Damms (3) mit der Basis (2) in einer horizontalen Position mit Wasser gefüllt ist, und dann durch Bestimmung der Wassermenge, die durch den oberen Teil (41), der zumindest teilweise aus Porenbeton besteht, in 30 Sekunden innerhalb der inneren Kammer (40) des Durchgangssystems (4) fließt.The water flow braking system according to the invention advantageously serves to slow down and/or control the flow of water in a canal, stream or gully. The preferred water flow braking system of the invention comprises a substantially vertical wall (3) intended to be placed in the canal, stream or river to form a dam (3) in the canal, stream or river, thereby dividing the canal, stream or river into an upstream zone (OZ) and a downstream zone (AZ) with respect to the dam (3),
wherein the system comprises at least one concrete element (1),
wherein the concrete element (1) consists at least of:

• - a concrete base (2) which is at least partially permeable to water, advantageously provided with one or more openings allowing the passage of water (which also improves stability and reduces groundwater pressure on the base (2)), the base (2) having a maximum length (LE) of 1 m to 5 m and a maximum width (BR) of 50 cm to 2.5 m, and
• - a first dam made of concrete (3) with at least one part (3A) which is preferably substantially impermeable to water, the first dam (3) being equipped with at least one overflow system (3C),

wherein the element (1) comprises and/or is equipped with a passage system (4) made at least of aerated concrete (4) with an internal chamber (40) for collecting water, wherein the passage system (4) has an upper part (41) made at least partially of aerated concrete with an upper surface (41B) of at least 100 cm ² which is below the level of the overflow system (3C) when the base (2) is in a horizontal position, wherein the passage system (4) comprises a drainage system or drainage means (40A) for draining water flowing in the internal chamber (40) of the passage system (4),
wherein in the passage system (4) the upper part (41), which consists at least partially of aerated concrete, is made of hardened water-permeable aerated concrete by hardening a mixture of at least cement, aggregates with a particle size of 6 mm to 14 mm and water to obtain an open-pore volume of 8 to 12% in the hardened water-permeable aerated concrete, wherein the hardened water-permeable aerated concrete has a water permeability of 0. 05 litres/m ² /s to 5 litres/m ² /s, preferably from 0.1 litres/m ² /s to 3 litres/m ² /s, ideally between 0. 1 to 1 litre/m ² /s, wherein the water permeability of the upper part (41) is measured by lowering the water drainage brake system with an empty inner chamber (40) for the passage system (4) in a water tank (T) which is filled up to the level of the overflow system (3C) of the dam (3) with the base (2) in a horizontal position filled with water, and then by determining the amount of water flowing through the upper part (41), which consists at least partially of aerated concrete, within the inner chamber (40) of the passage system (4) in 30 seconds.

• • die obere Fläche (41B) liegt zwischen 2 und 30 cm, vorzugsweise zwischen 5 und 20 cm, unterhalb des Niveaus des Überlaufsystems (3C), während vorteilhafterweise das Abflusssystem oder Abflussmittel (40A) zwischen 5 cm und 30 cm oberhalb der Basis (2) liegt, wenn die Basis (2) in einer horizontalen Position ist.
• • der erste Damm, der aus einem Beton (3) hergestellt ist, einen im Wesentlichen nicht wasserdurchlässigen unteren Teil (3A) und einen wasserdurchlässigen oberen Teil (3B) umfasst, wobei der wasserdurchlässige obere Teil (3B) eine untere Kante (3B1) aufweist und wobei ein Abflusssystem oder Abflussmittel (40A) unterhalb des Niveaus der unteren Kante (3B1) des wasserdurchlässigen Teils (3B) des ersten Damms (3) liegt.

• • das Bremssystem eine zweite Betonwand (6) umfasst, die auf der Basis (2) aufliegt, um einen zweiten Damm (6) zu bilden, wobei die zweite Wand (6) von dem ersten Damm (3) beabstandet ist, wobei die zweite Betonwand eine Höhe aufweist, die vorzugsweise kleiner ist als die Höhe des ersten Damms (3).
• • der erste Damm (3) und/oder die zweite Betonwand (6) rechteckig oder trapezförmig sind.
• • sich ein oder mehrere seitliche Verstärkungselemente zwischen dem ersten Damm (3) und der zweiten Betonwand (6) erstrecken, wobei die seitlichen Verstärkungselemente vorzugsweise Seitenwände sind, die am Boden (2) befestigt sind.
• • der erste Damm (3) weist eine dem Transitsystem (4) zugewandte erste Seite (35) und eine bezüglich der ersten Seite (35) gegenüberliegende zweite Seite (36) auf, wobei zumindest entlang der ersten Seite (35) und/oder entlang der zweiten Seite (36) das Bremssystem zumindest ein Betonverstärkungselement (50, 50bis) aufweist, das auf der Basis (2) aufliegt, wobei das Verstärkungselement (50, 50bis) entlang der ersten und/oder zweiten Seite (35, 36) des ersten Damms (3), vorzugsweise entlang beider Seiten, vorteilhaft eine Stufe oder eine Treppe bildet.
• • mindestens ein Verstärkungselement (50, 50bis) enthält eine innere Kammer (40) des Transitsystems (4), wobei die innere Kammer (40) mit einem Abflussmittel (40A) versehen ist, um das Wasser der inneren Kammer (40) durch den ersten Damm (3) und/oder durch ein weiteres Verstärkungselement und/oder zu einem Ausgangsrohr (70) fließen zu lassen.
• • das Durchgangssystem (4) umfasst mindestens (a) ein erstes Element (4bis), das zumindest teilweise aus Porenbeton besteht, das entlang der ersten Seite (35) des ersten Damms (3) angeordnet ist, (b) ein zweites Element (4ter), das zumindest teilweise aus Porenbeton besteht, das entlang der zweiten Seite (36) des ersten Damms (3) angeordnet ist, und (c) ein Rohr, eine Öffnung oder ein poröses Teil, das eine offene Verbindung in dem ersten Damm (3) zwischen dem ersten Element (4bis) und dem zweiten Element (4ter) bildet, wobei das erste Element (4bis) und das zweite Element (4ter) vorteilhaft ähnlich sind.
• • das Durchgangssystem (4) ist entlang des ersten Damms (3) angeordnet, wobei das Durchgangssystem (4) mindestens eine Stufe entlang des ersten Damms (3) bildet oder Teil einer Treppe entlang des ersten Damms (3) ist, wobei das Auslassmittel (40A) der inneren Kammer (40) des Durchgangssystems (4) vorteilhafterweise eine seitliche Öffnung ist, die in einer Ebene angeordnet ist, die im Wesentlichen senkrecht zu der Ebene des ersten Damms (3) ist, wobei das Auslassmittel geeignet ist, mit einem Ausgangsrohr (70) verbunden zu werden.
• • der erste Damm (3) eine erste Seite (35) aufweist, die dem Transitsystem (4) zugewandt ist, und in Bezug auf die erste Seite (35) eine gegenüberliegende zweite Seite (36), wobei zumindest entlang der zweiten Seite (36) des ersten Damms (3) das Bremssystem mindestens ein Betonverstärkungselement (51) umfasst, das so eingestellt ist, dass es sich auf der Basis (2) eines weiteren benachbarten erfindungsgemäßen Wasserabflussbremssystems abstützt, wobei das Verstärkungselement (51) eine Stufe oder eine Treppe entlang der zweiten Seite (36) des Damms (3) bildet.
• • das Bremssystem eine zweite Betonwand (6) umfasst, die sich auf der Basis (2) abstützt, um einen zweiten Damm (6) zu bilden, wobei die zweite Wand (6) von dem ersten Damm (3) beabstandet ist, bei dem die zweite Betonwand (6) eine Höhe aufweist, die vorzugsweise kleiner ist als die Höhe des ersten Damms (3), und wobei die zweite Betonwand (6) vorzugsweise so angepasst ist, dass sie zumindest eine Stufe entlang der ersten Wand (3) eines weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Wasserabflussbremssystems bildet, wobei das weitere Wasserabflussbremssystem hinsichtlich des ersten Wasserabflussbremssystems benachbart zu diesem angeordnet ist.
• • die Basis (2) durch ein Fußelement (21) neben der ersten Wand (3) verlängert ist, um eine Abstützung für die Basis (2) eines benachbarten erfindungsgemäßen Wasserabflussbremssystems zu bilden, wobei das Fußelement (21) vorteilhaft mit einer Ausnehmung (210) versehen ist, die angepasst ist, um ein Ende der Basis (2) der benachbarten Wasserabflussbremssysteme aufzunehmen, wobei die Basis (2) besonders bevorzugt eine im Wesentlichen trapezförmige Form aufweist, die (a) ein erstes Ende mit einer ersten Breite (B1), das sich neben dem ersten Damm (3) befindet, und (b) in Bezug auf das erste Ende ein gegenüberliegendes zweites Ende mit einer zweiten Breite (B2) aufweist, wobei die zweite Breite mindestens 20 %, vorzugsweise mindestens 30 % kleiner als die erste Breite ist, wobei die Aussparung (210) zur Aufnahme des gegenüberliegenden zweiten Endes der Basis (2) des benachbarten Wasserabflussbremssystems angepasst ist.
• • die Basis (2) ist nicht mit schrägen Längswänden aus Beton ausgestattet, die dazu bestimmt sind, Seitenflächen eines Teils des Kanals, des Baches oder des Flusses zu bilden.
• • die innere Kammer (40) des Durchgangssystems (4) umfasst ein Entwässerungselement (44), das sich zwischen einem ersten Ende (44A) und einem zweiten Ende (44B) erstreckt, wobei mindestens eines der ersten und zweiten Enden (44A, 44B), vorzugsweise beide ersten und zweiten Enden, mit einem Kupplungsstück (40A) ausgestattet ist/sind, um das Ende oder die Enden (44A, 44B) mit einem Ausgangsrohrsystem (70) oder mit einem Dichtungsdeckel zu verbinden.
• • Wasserabflussbremssystem, das gemäß der bevorzugten Ausführungsform aus einer Reihe von benachbarten Wasserabflussbremssystemen besteht.

Advantageous details of the preferred water drainage braking system of the invention are one or more of the following features:

• • the upper surface (41B) is located between 2 and 30 cm, preferably between 5 and 20 cm, below the level of the overflow system (3C), while advantageously the drainage system or drainage means (40A) is located between 5 cm and 30 cm above the base (2) when the base (2) is in a horizontal position.
• • the first dam, made of a concrete (3), comprises a substantially non-water-permeable lower part (3A) and a water-permeable upper part (3B), wherein the water-permeable upper part (3B) has a lower edge (3B1) and wherein a drainage system or drainage means (40A) is located below the level of the lower edge (3B1) of the water-permeable part (3B) of the first dam (3).

• • the braking system comprises a second concrete wall (6) resting on the base (2) to form a second dam (6), the second wall (6) being spaced from the first dam (3), the second concrete wall having a height which is preferably smaller than the height of the first dam (3).
• • the first dam (3) and/or the second concrete wall (6) are rectangular or trapezoidal.
• • one or more lateral reinforcing elements extend between the first dam (3) and the second concrete wall (6), wherein the lateral reinforcing elements are preferably side walls which are fixed to the ground (2).
• • the first dam (3) has a first side (35) facing the transit system (4) and a second side (36) opposite the first side (35), wherein at least along the first side (35) and/or along the second side (36) the braking system has at least one concrete reinforcing element (50, 50bis) which rests on the base (2), wherein the reinforcing element (50, 50bis) advantageously forms a step or a staircase along the first and/or second side (35, 36) of the first dam (3), preferably along both sides.
• • at least one reinforcing element (50, 50bis) contains an inner chamber (40) of the transit system (4), the inner chamber (40) being provided with a drainage means (40A) to allow the water of the inner chamber (40) to flow through the first dam (3) and/or through a further reinforcing element and/or to an outlet pipe (70).
• • the passage system (4) comprises at least (a) a first element (4bis) consisting at least partially of aerated concrete arranged along the first side (35) of the first dam (3), (b) a second element (4ter) consisting at least partially of aerated concrete arranged along the second side (36) of the first dam (3), and (c) a pipe, an opening or a porous part forming an open connection in the first dam (3) between the first element (4bis) and the second element (4ter), the first element (4bis) and the second element (4ter) advantageously being similar.
• • the passage system (4) is arranged along the first dam (3), the passage system (4) forming at least one step along the first dam (3) or being part of a staircase along the first dam (3), the outlet means (40A) of the inner chamber (40) of the passage system (4) advantageously being a lateral opening arranged in a plane substantially perpendicular to the plane of the first dam (3), the outlet means being suitable for being connected to an outlet pipe (70).
• • the first dam (3) has a first side (35) facing the transit system (4) and, with respect to the first side (35), an opposite second side (36), wherein at least along the second side (36) of the first dam (3), the braking system comprises at least one concrete reinforcing element (51) which is adjusted to bear on the base (2) of another adjacent water drainage braking system according to the invention, wherein the reinforcing element (51) forms a step or a staircase along the second side (36) of the dam (3).
• • the braking system comprises a second concrete wall (6) supported on the base (2) to form a second dam (6), the second wall (6) being spaced from the first dam (3), wherein the second concrete wall (6) has a height which is preferably smaller than the height of the first dam (3), and wherein the second concrete wall (6) is preferably adapted to form at least one step along the first wall (3) of a further further water drainage braking system according to the invention, wherein the further water drainage braking system is arranged adjacent to the first water drainage braking system.
• • the base (2) is extended by a foot element (21) adjacent to the first wall (3) to form a support for the base (2) of an adjacent water drainage braking system according to the invention, the foot element (21) advantageously being provided with a recess (210) adapted to receive one end of the base (2) of the adjacent water drainage braking systems, the base (2) particularly preferably having a substantially trapezoidal shape having (a) a first end with a first width (B1) located adjacent to the first dam (3), and (b) an opposite second end with a second width (B2) with respect to the first end, the second width being at least 20%, preferably at least 30% smaller than the first width, the recess (210) being adapted to receive the opposite second end of the base (2) of the adjacent water drainage braking system.
• • the base (2) is not equipped with inclined longitudinal concrete walls intended to form lateral surfaces of a part of the canal, stream or river.
• • the inner chamber (40) of the passage system (4) comprises a drainage element (44) extending between a first end (44A) and a second end (44B), wherein at least one of the first and second ends (44A, 44B), preferably both first and second ends, is/are equipped with a coupling piece (40A) to connect the end or ends (44A, 44B) to an outlet pipe system (70) or to a sealing cover.
• • Water drainage braking system, which according to the preferred embodiment consists of a series of adjacent water drainage braking systems.

• • die obere Fläche (41B) liegt zwischen 2 und 30 cm, vorzugsweise zwischen 5 und 20 cm, unter dem Niveau des Überlaufsystems (3C).
• • das Abflusssystem oder -mittel (40A) befindet sich zwischen 5 cm und 30 cm oberhalb der Basis (2), wenn die Basis (2) in einer horizontalen Position ist.
• • der erste Damm aus einem Beton (3) umfasst im Wesentlichen einen im Wesentlichen nicht wasserdurchlässigen Teil (3A) und einen wasserdurchlässigen oberen Teil (3B), wobei der wasserdurchlässige obere Teil (3B) eine untere Kante (3B1) aufweist und wobei das Abflusssystem oder Abflussmittel (40A) über dem Niveau der unteren Kante des wasserdurchlässigen unteren Teils (3A) des ersten Damms (3) liegt.
• • das Bremssystem umfasst eine zweite Betonwand (6), die auf der Basis (2) abgestützt ist, um einen zweiten Damm (6) zu bilden, wobei die zweite Wand (6) von dem ersten Damm (3) beabstandet ist, wobei die zweite Wand eine Höhe aufweist, die vorzugsweise kleiner ist als die Höhe des ersten Damms (3).
• • der erste Damm (3) und/oder die zweite Betonwand (6) ist/sind rechteckig oder trapezförmig.
• • sich zwischen dem ersten Damm (3) und der zweiten Betonwand (6) ein oder mehrere seitliche Bewehrungselemente erstrecken, wobei die seitlichen Verstärkungselemente vorzugsweise Seitenwände sind, die an der Basis (2) befestigt sind.
• • der erste Damm (3) weist eine dem Durchgangssystem (4) zugewandte erste Seite (35) und eine der ersten Seite (35) gegenüberliegende zweite Seite (36) auf, wobei zumindest entlang der ersten Seite (35) und/oder entlang der zweiten Seite (36) das Bremssystem zumindest ein Betonverstärkungselement (50) aufweist, das an der Basis oder Platte (2) aufliegt. Dies ist vorteilhaft, um ein massives Element (1) zu bilden. Das Bewehrungselement (50) kann auch mit Ankerelementen zum Anheben des erfindungsgemäßen Systems und zum Aufsetzen des Systems auf den Boden eines Kanals oder Entwässerungsgrabens versehen sein. Wenn das Verstärkungselement (50) entlang der Seite des Dammes (3) verlängert wird, dient das Verstärkungselement (50) außerdem als Mittel zur Verhinderung des Wasserflusses entlang des Randes (3R) des Dammes (3) in der Nähe des Bodens des Kanals oder in der Nähe der Basis (2). Das Verstärkungselement ist auch vorteilhaft für den Transport von Entwässerungsbremssystemen mit Lastkraftwagen, da die Systeme mit der Basis (2) in einer im Wesentlichen vertikalen Position transportiert werden können.
• • das Verstärkungselement (50) bildet mindestens eine Stufe oder eine Treppe entlang der ersten und/oder zweiten Seite (35, 36). Dies ist vorteilhaft für die Sicherheit. Denn durch die Verlangsamung des Wasserabflusses wird der Wasserstand zumindest entlang des Dammes (3) erhöht. Die Stufe oder Treppe ist ein Hilfsmittel für Menschen oder Tiere, um aus dem wassergefüllten Kanal oder Entwässerungsgraben herauszutreten. Die Stufen sorgen auch für eine minimale Störung der Tiere durch die Dammbildung (3) im Kanal bzw. Fluss oder Bach.
• • der erste Damm (3) enthält zwei gegenüberliegende Seiten (35, 36), wobei der erste Damm (3) entlang beider Seiten (35, 36) mit einem Verstärkungselement (50, 50bis) versehen ist, das eine Stufe oder eine Treppe bildet. Auf diese Weise gibt es auf beiden Seiten des Damms (3) eine Ausstiegsmöglichkeit für Menschen und Tiere. Die Stufe oder Treppe ist auch für die Kanalwartung von Vorteil, da die Fachleute oder Arbeiter leicht in den Kanal hinein- und hinausgehen können, ohne die Bodenseite des Kanals zu beschädigen.
• • mindestens ein erstes der Verstärkungselemente (50, 50bis) weist eine Innenkammer (40) des Durchgangssystems (4) auf, wobei die Innenkammer (40) mit einem Abflussmittel (40A) verbunden ist, um das Wasser der Innenkammer (40) durch den ersten Damm (3) und/oder durch das zweite Verstärkungselement und/oder zu einem Ausgangsrohr (70) fließen zu lassen.
• • das Abflussmittel (40A) ist ein Rohr, eine Öffnung oder ein poröses Teil, das durch den ersten Damm (3) verläuft, um die innere Kammer (40) der stromaufwärtigen Zone (OZ) des ersten Damms (3) mit einer stromabwärtigen Zone (AZ) des Damms (3) zu verbinden.
• • das Durchgangssystem (4) umfasst mindestens: (a) ein erstes Element (4bis), das zumindest teilweise aus Porenbeton hergestellt und entlang der ersten Seite (35) des ersten Damms (3) angeordnet ist, (b) ein zweites Element (4ter), das zumindest teilweise aus Porenbeton hergestellt und entlang der zweiten Seite (36) des ersten Damms (3) angeordnet ist, und (c) ein Rohr, eine Öffnung oder ein poröses Teil (40A), das eine offene Verbindung im ersten Damm (3) zwischen dem ersten Element (4bis) und dem zweiten Element (4ter) bildet. Auf diese Weise kann Wasser zwischen den inneren Kammern (40, 40bis) fließen.
• • das erste Element (4bis) und das zweite Element (4ter) sind ähnlich, wobei jedes Element (4bis, 4ter) ein poröses Betonteil (41) umfasst, wobei jedes Element (4bis, 4ter) eine innere Kammer (40, 40bis) definiert und wobei die inneren Kammern (40, 40bis) des ersten Elements (4bis) und des zweiten Elements (4ter) durch ein Rohr, eine Öffnung oder einen porösen Teil (40A) im ersten Damm (3) miteinander verbunden sind.
• • das Durchgangssystem (4) ist entlang des ersten Damms (3) angeordnet, wobei das Durchgangssystem (4) mindestens eine Stufe entlang des ersten Damms (3) bildet oder einen Teil einer Treppe entlang des ersten Damms (3) bildet.
• • die Basis (2) ist zumindest teilweise aus Porenbeton hergestellt und/oder weist eine oder mehrere Öffnungen (20) auf, durch die das Wasser fließen kann.
• • das Abflusssystem (40A) der inneren Kammer (40) des Transitsystems (4) ist eine seitliche Öffnung, die geeignet ist, mit einem Ausgangsrohr (70) verbunden zu werden.
• • der erste Damm (3) umfasst (a) die erste Seite (35), die auf das Transitsystem (4) gerichtet ist, und (b) in Bezug auf die erste Seite (35) die gegenüberliegende zweite Seite (36), wobei zumindest entlang der zweiten Seite (36), das Bremssystem (1) mindestens ein Betonverstärkungselement (51) enthält, das zur Abstützung auf der Basis (2) eines weiteren benachbarten erfindungsgemäßen Wasserabflussbremssystems eingestellt ist, wobei das Verstärkungselement (51) entlang der zweiten Seite (36) des Damms (3) eine Stufe oder eine Treppe bildet.
• • das Bremssystem enthält eine zweite Betonwand (6, 51), die auf der Basis (2) aufliegt, um einen zweiten Damm (6) zu bilden, wobei die zweite Wand (6) von dem ersten Damm (3) entfernt ist, wobei die zweite Wand (6) eine Höhe aufweist, die vorzugsweise kleiner als die Höhe des ersten Damms (3) ist. Die Basis (2), die erste Wand oder Staumauer (3) und die zweite Wand oder Staumauer (6) bilden Teile eines einziges Betonelement (1).
• • die zweite Wand (6) ist erfindungsgemäß so hergerichtet, dass sie zumindest eine Stufe entlang der ersten Wand (3) des angrenzenden Wasserabflussbremssystems bildet. Erfindungsgemäß wirkt die zweite Wand (6) auch als Verstärkungsmittel für die erste Wand (3) des angrenzenden Wasserabflussbremssystems.
• • die Basis (2) wird erfindungsgemäß durch den an die erste Wand (3) angrenzenden fußgroßen Sockel (21) verlängert, um eine Abstützung für die Basis (2) eines benachbarten Wasserabflussbremssystem zu bilden.
• • die Basis (2) weist eine im Wesentlichen trapezförmige Form auf, die (a) ein erstes Ende mit einer ersten Breite (B1), das neben der ersten Wand (3) angeordnet ist, und (b) in Bezug auf das erste Ende ein gegenüberliegendes zweites Ende mit einer zweiten Breite (B2) aufweist, wobei die zweite Breite mindestens 20%, vorzugsweise mindestens 30% kleiner als die erste Breite ist.
• • der fußgroße Sockel (21) mit einer Aussparung (210) ausgestattet ist, die angepasst ist, um das zweite Ende eines angrenzenden Wasserabflussbremssystems aufzunehmen.
• • der erste Damm (3) ist mit einem porösen Teil (3B) versehen, der von der Basis (2) entfernt liegt.
• • die Basis ist eine im Wesentlichen flache Betonplatte (2), die nicht mit schrägen Längswänden aus Beton versehen ist. Die Basis (2) ist dazu bestimmt, den Boden des Kanals zu bedecken. Erfindungsgemäß ist das System nicht mit einem Betonabschnitt entlang der Seiten des Kanals ausgestattet.
• • die innere Kammer (40, 40bis) des Durchgangssystems (4) enthält ein Entwässerungselement (44). Das Entwässerungselement (44) wird z.B. in den Gießkasten für Porenbeton, der nicht in das Entwässerungselement fließt, gelegt. Der Innenraum (40) des Entwässerungselements (44) bildet in diesem Fall den Innenraum (40) des Transitsystems (4). Das Entwässerungselement (44) ist beispielsweise ein Drainagerohr mit einer perforierten Wand, wobei die Außenfläche des Rohres mit einem wasserdurchlässigen Textil oder einer wasserdurchlässigen Schicht oder Faserschicht versehen ist.
• • das Entwässerungselement (44) erstreckt sich zwischen dem ersten Ende (44A) und dem zweiten Ende (44B), wobei mindestens eines der ersten und zweiten Enden mit einem Kupplungselement ausgestattet ist, um dieses Ende mit einem Ausgangsrohr (70) zu verbinden. Das Ausgangsrohr (70) befindet sich beispielsweise in der Nähe des Kanals (z. B. in einer Bodenschicht oder unterhalb des Kanalbodens, auf einem Niveau, das unterhalb des Niveaus der Basis (2) liegt).
• • beide Enden (44A, 44B) sind mit einem Kupplungsstück (40A) ausgestattet, so dass jedes der Enden geeignet ist, mit einem Ausgangsrohr 70 und/oder einem Dichtungskörper (71) oder einem Dichtungsdeckel verbunden zu werden.
• • das Entwässerungselement (44) weist eine Einlassöffnung und eine Auslassöffnung auf, so dass das Entwässerungselement (44) Teil eines Wasserabfuhrsystems (70) sein kann.
• • das Wasserabflussbremssystem umfasst eine Reihe von benachbarten erfindungsgemäßen Wasserabflussbremssystemen. Das erfindungsgemäße Wasserabflussbremssystem kann auch eine Reihe von nicht erfindungsgemäßen Bremssystemen enthalten. Nicht erfindungsgemäße Bremssysteme sind z.B. Systeme, die erfindungsgemäß kein Durchgangssystem (4) aufweisen.

According to advantageous embodiments of the system according to the invention, the system has one or more of the following features:

• • the upper surface (41B) is between 2 and 30 cm, preferably between 5 and 20 cm, below the level of the overflow system (3C).
• • the drainage system or means (40A) is located between 5 cm and 30 cm above the base (2) when the base (2) is in a horizontal position.
• • the first dam made of a concrete (3) essentially comprises a substantially non-water-permeable part (3A) and a water-permeable upper part (3B), wherein the water-permeable upper part (3B) has a lower edge (3B1) and wherein the drainage system or drainage means (40A) is located above the level of the lower edge of the water-permeable lower part (3A) of the first dam (3).
• • the braking system comprises a second concrete wall (6) supported on the base (2) to form a second dam (6), the second wall (6) being spaced from the first dam (3), the second wall having a height which is preferably less than the height of the first dam (3).
• • the first dam (3) and/or the second concrete wall (6) is/are rectangular or trapezoidal.
• • one or more lateral reinforcement elements extend between the first dam (3) and the second concrete wall (6), wherein the lateral reinforcement elements are preferably side walls which are attached to the base (2).
• • the first dam (3) has a first side (35) facing the passage system (4) and a second side (36) opposite the first side (35), wherein at least along the first side (35) and/or along the second side (36) the braking system comprises at least one concrete reinforcing element (50) resting on the base or slab (2). This is advantageous in order to form a solid element (1). The reinforcing element (50) can also be provided with anchor elements for lifting the system according to the invention and for placing the system on the bottom of a canal or drainage ditch. When the reinforcing element (50) is extended along the side of the dam (3), the reinforcing element (50) also serves as a means for preventing the flow of water along the edge (3R) of the dam (3) near the bottom of the canal or near the base (2). The reinforcing element is also advantageous for the transport of drainage brake systems by trucks, since the systems can be transported with the base (2) in a substantially vertical position.
• • the reinforcing element (50) forms at least one step or staircase along the first and/or second side (35, 36). This is advantageous for safety. Because the water level is increased at least along the dam (3) by slowing down the water flow. The step or staircase is an aid for people or animals to get out of what water-filled canal or drainage ditch. The steps also ensure minimal disturbance to the animals by forming a dam (3) in the canal, river or stream.
• • the first dam (3) includes two opposite sides (35, 36), the first dam (3) being provided along both sides (35, 36) with a reinforcing element (50, 50bis) forming a step or staircase. In this way, there is an exit possibility for people and animals on both sides of the dam (3). The step or staircase is also advantageous for canal maintenance, as the professionals or workers can easily enter and exit the canal without damaging the bottom side of the canal.
• • at least a first of the reinforcing elements (50, 50bis) has an inner chamber (40) of the passage system (4), the inner chamber (40) being connected to a drainage means (40A) to allow the water of the inner chamber (40) to flow through the first dam (3) and/or through the second reinforcing element and/or to an outlet pipe (70).
• • the drainage means (40A) is a pipe, an opening or a porous part passing through the first dam (3) to connect the inner chamber (40) of the upstream zone (OZ) of the first dam (3) with a downstream zone (AZ) of the dam (3).
• • the passage system (4) comprises at least: (a) a first element (4bis) made at least partially of aerated concrete and arranged along the first side (35) of the first dam (3), (b) a second element (4ter) made at least partially of aerated concrete and arranged along the second side (36) of the first dam (3), and (c) a pipe, opening or porous part (40A) forming an open connection in the first dam (3) between the first element (4bis) and the second element (4ter). In this way, water can flow between the inner chambers (40, 40bis).
• • the first element (4bis) and the second element (4ter) are similar, each element (4bis, 4ter) comprising a porous concrete part (41), each element (4bis, 4ter) defining an inner chamber (40, 40bis) and the inner chambers (40, 40bis) of the first element (4bis) and the second element (4ter) being connected to each other by a pipe, opening or porous part (40A) in the first dam (3).
• • the passage system (4) is arranged along the first dam (3), wherein the passage system (4) forms at least one step along the first dam (3) or forms part of a staircase along the first dam (3).
• • the base (2) is at least partially made of aerated concrete and/or has one or more openings (20) through which the water can flow.
• • the drainage system (40A) of the inner chamber (40) of the transit system (4) is a lateral opening suitable for being connected to an outlet pipe (70).
• • the first dam (3) comprises (a) the first side (35) directed towards the transit system (4) and (b) with respect to the first side (35) the opposite second side (36), wherein at least along the second side (36), the braking system (1) comprises at least one concrete reinforcing element (51) which is adjusted for support on the base (2) of another adjacent water drainage braking system according to the invention, wherein the reinforcing element (51) forms a step or a staircase along the second side (36) of the dam (3).
• • the braking system includes a second concrete wall (6, 51) resting on the base (2) to form a second dam (6), the second wall (6) being remote from the first dam (3), the second wall (6) having a height that is preferably less than the height of the first dam (3). The base (2), the first wall or dam (3) and the second wall or dam (6) form parts of a single concrete element (1).
• • the second wall (6) is designed according to the invention in such a way that it forms at least one step along the first wall (3) of the adjacent water drainage braking system. According to the invention, the second wall (6) also acts as a reinforcing means for the first wall (3) of the adjacent water drainage braking system.
• • the base (2) is extended according to the invention by the foot-sized plinth (21) adjacent to the first wall (3) in order to form a support for the base (2) of an adjacent water drainage braking system.
• • the base (2) has a substantially trapezoidal shape having (a) a first end with a first width (B1) arranged adjacent to the first wall (3), and (b) an opposite second end with a second width (B2) with respect to the first end, the second width being at least 20%, preferably at least 30% smaller than the first width.
• • the foot-sized base (21) is provided with a recess (210) adapted to receive the second end of an adjacent water drainage braking system.
• • the first dam (3) is provided with a porous part (3B) which is remote from the base (2).
• • the base is a substantially flat concrete slab (2) not provided with longitudinal sloping concrete walls. The base (2) is intended to cover the bottom of the channel. According to the invention, the system is not provided with a concrete section along the sides of the channel.
• • the inner chamber (40, 40bis) of the transit system (4) contains a drainage element (44). The drainage element (44) is placed, for example, in the pouring box for aerated concrete that does not flow into the drainage element. The interior (40) of the drainage element (44) in this case forms the interior (40) of the transit system (4). The drainage element (44) is, for example, a drainage pipe with a perforated wall, the outer surface of the pipe being provided with a water-permeable textile or a water-permeable layer or fiber layer.
• • the drainage element (44) extends between the first end (44A) and the second end (44B), at least one of the first and second ends being provided with a coupling element for connecting this end to an outlet pipe (70). The outlet pipe (70) is located, for example, in the vicinity of the channel (e.g. in a soil layer or below the channel bottom, at a level which is below the level of the base (2)).
• • both ends (44A, 44B) are equipped with a coupling piece (40A) so that each of the ends is suitable to be connected to an outlet pipe 70 and/or a sealing body (71) or a sealing cover.
• • the drainage element (44) has an inlet opening and an outlet opening, so that the drainage element (44) can be part of a water drainage system (70).
• • the water drainage braking system comprises a series of adjacent water drainage braking systems according to the invention. The water drainage braking system according to the invention can also contain a series of braking systems not according to the invention. Braking systems not according to the invention are, for example, systems which do not have a passage system (4) according to the invention.

The invention also relates to the use of one or more water flow braking systems according to the invention in a canal, stream or river to slow down or reduce or control the flow of water, with retention of the bottom of the canal, and to increase water infiltration into the soil.

Details and features of the invention will become apparent from the following description, which refers to the accompanying drawings of advantageous embodiments according to the invention.

• 1 eine Seitenansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Wasserabflussbremssystems;
• 2 eine Vorderansicht des Systems von 1 (Linie II-II);
• 3 eine Schnittansicht des Systems von 1 entlang der Linie III-III;
• 4 eine Draufsicht auf das System von 1;
• 5 eine Schnittansicht von zwei benachbarten Systemen gemäß 1;
• 6 eine Draufsicht auf 5;
• 7 eine Schnittdarstellung eines Kanals mit dem System aus 6;
• 8 eine schematische Ansicht, wie die Wasserdurchlässigkeit gemessen wird;
• 9 eine Seitenansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform gemäß der Erfindung;
• 10 eine Draufsicht auf die Ausführungsform von 9;
• 11 eine Schnittansicht der Ausführungsform von 9 entlang der Linie XI-XI;
• 12 eine Vorderansicht der Ausführungsform von 9;
• 13 eine Seitenansicht einer Reihe von benachbarten Systemen gemäß 9;
• 14 eine Ansicht einer Trägerplatte eines mit Systemen gemäß 9 beladenen Lastkraftwagens;
• 15 eine Seitenansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform gemäß der Erfindung;
• 16 eine Draufsicht auf die Ausführungsform von 15;
• 17 eine Seitenansicht von zwei benachbarten Systemen gemäß 15;
• 18 eine perspektivische Ansicht einer weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform;
• 19 eine Seitenansicht der Systeme gemäß 18;
• 20 eine Schnittansicht von 19 entlang der Linie XX-XX;
• 21 eine Gießform für ein Durchgangssystem nach dem Gießen und Aushärten eines Porenbetons;
• 22 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Durchgangssystems;
• 23 eine Draufsicht auf eine erfindungsgemäße Gießform zur Herstellung eines Systems;
• 24 eine Schnittansicht einer Gießform von 23 entlang der Linie XXIV-XXIV;
• 25 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Wasserabflussbremssystems mit zwei trapezförmigen Dammwänden;
• 26 eine Seitenansicht des Bremssystems von 25;
• 27 eine Draufsicht auf ein zusätzliches Wasserableitungsbremssystem mit zwei trapezförmigen Dammwänden;
• 28 und 29 Schnittansichten des Bremssystems von 27 entlang der Linien XXVIII-XXVIII und XXIX-XXIX; und
• 30 eine Seitenansicht des Bremssystems von 27.

The drawings show:

• 1 a side view of a water drainage braking system according to the invention;
• 2 a front view of the system from 1 (Line II-II);
• 3 a sectional view of the system of 1 along line III-III;
• 4 a top view of the system of 1 ;
• 5 a sectional view of two adjacent systems according to 1 ;
• 6 a top view of 5 ;
• 7 a cross-section of a channel with the system from 6 ;
• 8 a schematic view of how water permeability is measured;
• 9 a side view of another embodiment according to the invention;
• 10 a top view of the embodiment of 9 ;
• 11 a sectional view of the embodiment of 9 along the line XI-XI;
• 12 a front view of the embodiment of 9 ;
• 13 a side view of a series of adjacent systems according to 9 ;
• 14 a view of a carrier plate of a system according to 9 loaded truck;
• 15 a side view of another embodiment according to the invention;
• 16 a top view of the embodiment of 15 ;
• 17 a side view of two adjacent systems according to 15 ;
• 18 a perspective view of another embodiment of the invention;
• 19 a side view of the systems according to 18 ;
• 20 a sectional view of 19 along the line XX-XX;
• 21 a casting mould for a passage system after pouring and curing aerated concrete;
• 22 a perspective view of a passage system;
• 23 a plan view of a casting mold according to the invention for producing a system;
• 24 a sectional view of a mold of 23 along the line XXIV-XXIV;
• 25 a perspective view of a water discharge braking system with two trapezoidal dam walls;
• 26 a side view of the braking system of 25 ;
• 27 a plan view of an additional water drainage braking system with two trapezoidal dam walls;
• 28 and 29 Sectional views of the braking system of 27 along lines XXVIII-XXVIII and XXIX-XXIX; and
• 30 a side view of the braking system of 27 .

1 shows a water discharge braking system in accordance with the invention. The system comprises a substantially vertical wall (3) intended to be arranged in the canal, stream or river to form a dam or partition (3) in the canal, stream or river, the canal, stream and river being divided into an upstream region (OZ) and a downstream region (AZ) with respect to the dam or partition (3).

• - einer Betonbasis (2) (oder -platte), die zumindest teilweise wasserdurchlässig ist (z.B. ist die Platte (2) mit Öffnungen oder Hohlprofilen (20) versehen), wobei die Basis (2) eine maximale Länge (LE) von 1 m bis 5 m und eine maximale Breite (BR) von 50 cm bis 2,5 m aufweist; und
• - einen ersten Damm (3) aus Beton, der zumindest einen Teil (3A) aufweist, der im Wesentlichen nicht wasserdurchlässig ist, wobei der erste Damm (3) mit zumindest einem Überlaufsystem (3C) ausgestattet ist.

The system comprises at least one concrete element (1), the concrete element (1) consisting of at least:

• - a concrete base (2) (or slab) which is at least partially permeable to water (e.g. the slab (2) is provided with openings or hollow profiles (20)), the base (2) having a maximum length (LE) of 1 m to 5 m and a maximum width (BR) of 50 cm to 2.5 m; and
• - a first dam (3) made of concrete having at least one part (3A) which is substantially impermeable to water, the first dam (3) being equipped with at least one overflow system (3C).

The size of the openings 20 is advantageously adapted for the growth of grass and other aquatic plants, thereby ensuring good water permeability at the bottom beneath the floor (2).

This element can therefore be loaded onto a truck to transport it to the place where the element is to be installed to act as a dam (3), resulting in a slowing down of the water flow.

This element (1) has the shape of a piece of concrete, which facilitates the placement of the element on the bottom of the canal or drainage ditch or river.

The element (1) contains and/or is equipped with a passage system (4) made of at least porous concrete defining an internal chamber (40) for collecting water, the passage system (4) comprising an upper part (41) made of porous concrete having a surface of at least 100 ^cm2 arranged at a distance (d) of at least 20 cm below the level of the overflow system (3C) when the base (2) is in a horizontal position, the passage system comprising a drainage system for draining water flowing in the internal chamber (40) of the passage system (4).

The transit system (4) serves as a means of ensuring minimum water discharge for water held by a dam.

For example, with the help of the transit system (4), the flow of water through a drainage system or pipe (70) can be better controlled. The flow of the minimum amount of water no longer depends on a dam opening or an overflow opening through which dirty water can flow with the risk of clogging. In addition, by connecting the transit system (4) to an outlet pipe (70), the water can be diverted further away from the dam, for example to a downstream point of the canal or river, or into a downstream pond or water tank. Since the water flows through a porous concrete, it will be quite clean.

In the system according to the invention, the upper part (41) of the passage system (4) made of aerated concrete is made of hardened porous water-permeable concrete. The water-permeable concrete is produced by hardening a mixture made of at least cement, aggregate with a grain size of 6 mm to 14 mm and water to achieve an open porous volume of 8 to 12% in the hardened porous water-permeable concrete, wherein the hardened porous water-permeable concrete has a water permeability of 0.05 litres/m ² /s to 5 litres/m ² /s, preferably from 0.1 litres/m ² /s to 3 litres/m ² /s, ideally between 0. 1 to 1 litre/m ² /s, wherein the water permeability is measured by lowering the water discharge braking system (1) with an empty interior (40) for a passage system (4) in a tank filled with water to the level (PT) of the overflow system (3C) of the dam (3) with the base (2) in a horizontal position, and then by determining the amount of water passing through the upper part (41) consisting of Aerated concrete, flows within 30 seconds within the interior (40) of the passage system (4). (see 8 )

The water-permeable aerated concrete (41) serves as a filter element. In this way, the outlet pipe (70) for the water flow remains clean.

The first dam (3) has a first side (35) facing the passage system (4) and, with respect to the first side (35), an opposite second side (36), wherein at least along the first side (35) and/or along the second side (36) the braking system comprises at least one concrete reinforcing element (50, 50bis) resting on the base or plate (2). This is advantageous in order to form a solid element (1). The reinforcing element (50) can also be provided with anchor elements (80) for lifting the system according to the invention and for building up the system or the bottom of a canal. If the reinforcing element (50) is additionally extended along the side of the dam (3), the reinforcing element (50) also serves as a means for preventing lateral water flow along the edge (3R) of the dam (3) near the bottom of the canal or near the base (2). The reinforcing element (50, 50bis) is also advantageous for the transport of drainage braking systems by trucks, since the systems can be transported with the floor (2) in a substantially vertical position.

The reinforcing element (50, 50bis) forms at least one step or staircase along the first and/or second side (35, 36). This is advantageous for safety. By slowing down the water flow, the water level increases at least along one side of the dam (3). The step or staircase is an aid for people or animals to get out of the water-filled channel. The steps also ensure minimal disturbance to animals by forming a dam (3) in the channel or river or stream.

The first dam (3) comprises two opposite sides (35, 36), the first dam (3) being provided along both sides (35, 36) with a reinforcing element (50, 50bis) forming a step or a staircase. In this way, an exit possibility for people and animals is provided on both sides of the dam (3). The step or staircase is also advantageous for canal maintenance, as the professionals or workers can easily enter and exit the canal without damaging the bottom of the canal.

In the embodiment of 1 the braking system includes a second concrete wall (6, 51) resting on the base (2) to form a second dam (6), the second wall (6) being spaced from the first dam (3), the second wall (6) having a height preferably less than the height of the first dam (3). The base (2), the first wall or dam (3) and the second wall or dam (6) are part of a single concrete element (1). The first dam and the second dam (6) may be equipped with anchoring means (80) to facilitate lifting and positioning of the system in a channel.

The second wall (6) is designed such that it forms at least one step along the first wall (3) of an adjacent water drainage braking system according to the invention. The second wall (6) also serves as a reinforcing means for the first wall (3) of an adjacent water drainage braking system according to the invention.

The base or plate (2) is extended by a foot element (21) adjacent to the first wall (3). The foot element forms a support for the base (2) of an adjacent water drainage braking system according to the invention.

The concrete base (2) has a substantially trapezoidal shape having (a) a first end adjacent to the first dam (3) with a first width (B1) and (b) a second end opposite to the first end with a second width (B2), the second width being at least 20%, preferably at least 30% smaller than the first width.

The base element (21) is provided with a recess (210) adapted to receive the second end of an adjacent water drainage braking system. The placement of adjacent systems is then easier.

The first dam (3) is provided with a porous part (3B) which is remote from the base (2). The section (3B) is arranged, for example, below the overflow opening (3C).

The base or slab (2) is a substantially flat concrete slab (2) not provided with longitudinal sloping concrete walls. The base (2) is intended to cover the bottom of the channel. According to the invention, the system is not provided with a concrete section along the sides of the channel.

The inner chamber (40) of the transit system (4), which is arranged along the second dam (6), comprises a drainage element (44). The drainage element (44) is placed, for example, in the mold for pouring aerated concrete, which does not flow in the drainage element. The interior (40) of the drainage element (44) in this case forms the interior (40) of the transit system (4). The drainage element (44) is, for example, a drainage pipe with a perforated wall, the outer surface of the pipe being provided with a water-permeable textile or a water-permeable layer or fiber layer.

The drainage element (44) extends between the first end (44A) and the second end (44B), at least one of the first and second ends being provided with a coupling piece to connect the end to the outlet pipe (70). The outlet pipe (70) is located, for example, near the channel (e.g. in a deeper soil layer or below the channel bottom, at a level which is below the level of the base (2)).

The base (2) is at least partially made of aerated concrete and/or has one or more openings (20) through which water can flow. The openings (20) are preferably arranged in the central region of the plate (2). The size of the openings is adapted, for example, to the growing plants. The presence of plants along the bottom of the channel is advantageous for the infiltration of water.

Both ends (44A, 44B) of the drainage pipe (44) are provided with a coupling piece (40A) suitable for connection to the outlet pipe (70) and/or a sealing body (71) or a sealing cover.

The dam (3) is preferably wider than the slab (2), which is beneficial for preventing lateral water flow. It is also beneficial for the soil stability of the canal side.

In the embodiment of 5 to 7 the passage systems of several braking systems are connected to a single discharge pipe (70). The discharge pipe (70) is located below the level of the plates (2). The pipe (70) carries the water further to a pond, to a river, to a water tank, etc.

The embodiment of 9 to 13 is similar to the embodiment of 1 to 7 .

In this embodiment, the plate or base (2) is rectangular. The plate (2) is provided with a single dam (3). The dam is provided with a passage system (4bis, 4ter) on both opposite sides (35, 36). The passage systems (4bis, 4ter) are of the same type and are connected to one another by an inner tube (40A).

The braking systems can be arranged next to each other so that a plate (2) of a first system rests on a plate of a second system with a plate (2). The plate (2) and the dam (3) are provided with an anchoring means (80) for moving and lifting the systems.

14 shows the placement of systems according to 14 on a truck V. The systems (in vertical position) can be placed on top of each other for transport.

In the embodiment of 15 - 17 the openings (20) are essentially rectangular.

In the embodiment of 18 the drainage element (44) comprises an inlet opening (44A) and an outlet opening (44B), so that the drainage element (44) can be part of a water drainage system (70).

In the embodiment of 19 the systems are arranged next to each other without a plate of one system resting on a plate of another system (2).

20 shows a sectional view of a channel equipped with the systems according to 19 is provided.

The passage systems (4) can be produced by inserting a drainage pipe (44) (closed at both ends 44A, 44B by a removable cover (71)) into a casting mold (100). The aerated concrete is then poured into the casting mold so that the drainage pipe (44) is inserted into a layer of aerated concrete (101).

For the formation of the first dam (3), the plate (2) and the second dam (6) of the system according to 1 For example, a mold (200) can be used. After inserting the transit system according to 22 into the mold according to 24 Concrete can be poured into the mold (200). After the poured concrete has hardened slightly, the system can be lifted off.

25 shows another water flow braking system for slowing down a water flow in a canal, stream or river, comprising a substantially vertical wall (3) intended to be placed in the canal, stream or river to form a dam (3) dividing the canal, stream or river into an upstream zone (OZ) and a downstream zone (AZ) with respect to the dam (3).

• - einer Betonbasis (2), die im Wesentlichen nicht wasserdurchlässig ist, wobei die Basis (2) eine maximale Länge (LE) von 1 m bis 5 m und eine maximale Breite (BR) von 50 cm bis 2,5 m aufweist,
• - einen trapezförmigen ersten Damm (3) aus Beton, der mindestens einen unteren Teil (3A) aufweist, der im Wesentlichen nicht wasserdurchlässig ist, während ein oberer Teil (3B) wasserdurchlässig ist, wobei der erste Damm (3) mit mindestens einem Überlaufsystem (3C) ausgestattet ist (Oberkante des oberen Teils 3B), und
• - einen zweiten trapezförmigen Damm (6) aus Beton, der im Wesentlichen nicht wasserdurchlässig ist.

The braking system contains at least one concrete element (1) consisting of at least

• - a concrete base (2) which is substantially impermeable to water, the base (2) having a maximum length (LE) of 1 m to 5 m and a maximum width (BR) of 50 cm to 2.5 m,
• - a trapezoidal first dam (3) made of concrete, having at least a lower part (3A) which is substantially impermeable to water, while an upper part (3B) is permeable to water, the first dam (3) being equipped with at least one overflow system (3C) (upper edge of the upper part 3B), and
• - a second trapezoidal dam (6) made of concrete which is essentially impermeable to water.

The base (2) comprises a passage system (4) made of at least porous concrete defining an internal chamber (40) for collecting water, the passage system (4) having an upper part (41) made of porous concrete with an upper surface (41B) of at least 100 cm ² below the level of the overflow system (3C) when the base (2) is in a horizontal position, the passage system comprising a drainage system or drainage means (40A) for draining water flowing in the internal chamber (40) of the passage system (4).

The upper part (41) of the passage system (4) is made of an at least porous concrete made of hardened porous water-permeable concrete produced by hardening a mixture of at least cement, aggregates with a grain size of 6 mm to 14 mm and water to achieve an open porous volume of 8 to 12% in the hardened porous water-permeable concrete. The hardened water-permeable aerated concrete has a water permeability of 0.05 litres/m ² /s to 5 litres/m ² /s, preferably 0.1 litres/m ² /s to 3 litres/m ² /s, ideally between 0. 1 and 1 litre/m ² /s, the water permeability being measured by lowering the water discharge braking system with the interior space (40) for the passage system (4) empty in a water tank (T) filled with water up to the level of the overflow system (3C) of the dam (3) with the base (2) in a horizontal position, and then by determining the amount of water flowing through the aerated concrete upper part (41) in 30 seconds within the interior space (40) of the passage system (4).

The water-permeable upper part (3B) is also made from a hardened water-permeable aerated concrete. The water-permeable concrete is made by hardening a mixture of at least cement, aggregates with a grain size of 6 mm to 14 mm and water in order to achieve an open-pore volume of 8 to 12% in the hardened porous water-permeable concrete. The hardened aerated concrete has a water permeability of 0.05 l/m ² /s to 5 l/m ² /s, preferably 0.1 l/m ² /s to 3 l/m ² /s, ideally between 0.1 and 1 l/m ² /s. The water permeability of the dam (3) is measured by sealing the open side walls between walls 3 and 6, by sealing the drainage device (40A) and by placing the braking system in a water tank filled with water up to the overflow edge (3C) of the dam (3) (the base is in a horizontal position). Then the amount of water that flows through the porous dam (3) in 30 seconds is determined.

The amount of water flowing through the dam in 30 seconds (as measured in the above description) is preferably 2 to 5 times greater than the amount of water flowing through the drainage means (40A) in 30 seconds (as measured in the above description).

As the stream water flows towards the dam (3), the water level rises in the upstream zone (OZ) of the dam (3). The water then flows through the permeable upper part (3B) of the dam (3) into the intermediate zone formed between the dam (3) and the wall (6). The water level then rises faster in the upstream zone than in the intermediate zone. The water in the intermediate zone flows through the levelling agent (40A). The wall (6) forms the second dam to slow down the water flow. The water level in the intermediate zone rises in proportion to the water level in the downstream zone (AZ) behind the wall (6).

In such a water flow braking system, the water flow is slowed down by the water-permeable dam (3), by the wall (6) which forms a non-water-permeable dam, and by the passage system (4). The infiltration of water into the ground is still possible, for example in the intermediate zone.

The upper surface (41B) is between 2 and 30 cm, preferably between 5 and 20 cm, below the level of the overflow system (3C).

The passage system (4) may have a side extending along the wall (6) to form a reinforcing element for the wall (6).

The drainage system or drainage means (40A) is located between 5 cm and 30 cm above the floor (2), with the floor (2) in a horizontal position.

The first dam made of a concrete (3) comprises a substantially non-water-permeable part (3A) and a water-permeable upper part (3B), wherein the water-permeable upper part (3B) has a lower edge (3B1) and wherein a drainage system or drainage means (40A) is located above the level of the lower edge (3B1) of the water-permeable lower part (3A) of the first dam (3).

The braking system comprises a second concrete wall (6) resting on the bases (2) to form a second dam (6) on the base (2), the second wall (6) being spaced from the first dam (3), the second wall (6) having a height that is preferably less than the height of the first dam (3) (for example a difference of 5 to 10 cm). The height of the wall (6) can also be equal to the height of the dam (3).

• - das Durchgangssystem (4) befindet sich neben der Wand (6) und bildet ein Verstärkungselement für die Wand (6);
• - schräge Seitenwände (25, 26) erstrecken sich zwischen dem ersten Damm (3) und der zweiten Betonwand (6), wobei die Seitenwände seitliche Verstärkungselemente bilden. Die Seitenwände sind vorzugsweise mit dem Boden (2) verbunden. Die Seitenwände werden vorzugsweise aus nicht wasserdurchlässigem Beton hergestellt. Die Seitenwände haben eine größere Höhe entlang des Damms (3) und der Wand (6). Beispielsweise gibt es ein Treppensystem (251, 261), das entlang der Wand (6) und/oder des Damms (3) ausgebildet ist.

The embodiment of the 27 to 30 is the embodiment of the 25 and 26 similar, with a few adjustments:

• - the passage system (4) is located next to the wall (6) and forms a reinforcing element for the wall (6);
• - sloping side walls (25, 26) extend between the first dam (3) and the second concrete wall (6), the side walls forming lateral reinforcement elements. The side walls are preferably connected to the ground (2). The side walls are preferably made of non-water-permeable concrete. The side walls have a greater height along the dam (3) and the wall (6). For example, there is a staircase system (251, 261) formed along the wall (6) and/or the dam (3).

Claims (17)

Water discharge braking system for slowing down the flow of water in a canal, stream or river, comprising a substantially vertical wall (3) intended to be placed in the canal, stream or river to form a dam (3) in the canal, stream or river, thereby dividing the canal, stream or river into an upstream zone (OZ) and a downstream zone (AZ) with respect to the dam (3), the system comprising at least one element made of concrete (1), and the concrete element (1) consisting at least of: - a base made of concrete (2) which is at least partially water-permeable, advantageously provided with one or more openings allowing the passage of water, the base (2) having a maximum length (LE) of 1 m to 5 m and a maximum width (BR) of 50 cm to 2.5 m, and - a first dam made of concrete (3) having at least one part (3A) which is preferably substantially non-water-permeable, the first dam (3) is equipped with at least one overflow system (3C), wherein the element (1) comprises a passage system (4) and/or is equipped with a passage system (4) made at least of aerated concrete (4) with an inner chamber (40) to collect water, wherein the passage system (4) has an upper part (41) made at least partially of aerated concrete, with an upper surface (41B) of at least 100 cm ² lying below the level of the overflow system (3C) when the base (2) is in a horizontal position, wherein the passage system (4) comprises a drainage system or drainage means (40A) for draining water flowing in the inner chamber (40) of the passage system (4), wherein in the passage system (4) the upper part (41) made at least partially of aerated concrete is made of hardened water-permeable aerated concrete by mixing a mixture of at least cement, aggregates with a particle size of 6 mm to 14 mm and water is hardened to obtain an open pore volume of 8 to 12 % in the hardened water-permeable aerated concrete, wherein the hardened water-permeable aerated concrete has a water permeability of 0.05 litres/m ² /s to 5 litres/m ² /s, preferably from 0.1 litres/m ² /s to 3 litres/m ² /s, ideally between 0.1 to 1 litre/m ² /s, wherein this water permeability of the upper part (41) is measured by lowering the water drainage brake system with an empty inner chamber (40) for the passage system (4) in a water tank (T) which is filled up to the level of the overflow system (3C) of the dam (3) is filled with water, with the base (2) in a horizontal position, and then by determining the amount of water flowing through the upper part (41), which consists at least partially of aerated concrete, in 30 seconds within the inner chamber (40) of the passage system (4). Water drainage brake system according to claim 1 , characterized in that the upper surface (41B) is located between 2 and 30 cm, preferably between 5 and 20 cm, below the level of the overflow system (3C), while advantageously the drainage system or drainage means (40A) is located between 5 cm and 30 cm above the base (2) when the base (2) is in a horizontal position. Water drainage braking system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first dam, which is made of a concrete (3), comprises a substantially non-water-permeable lower part (3A) and a water-permeable upper part (3B), wherein the water-permeable upper part (3B) has a lower edge (3B1) and wherein a drainage system or drainage means (40A) is below the level of the lower edge (3B1) of the water-permeable part (3B) of the first dam (3). Water drainage braking system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the braking system comprises a second concrete wall (6) resting on the base (2) to form a second dam (6), the second wall (6) being spaced from the first dam (3), the second concrete wall having a height which is preferably smaller than the height of the first dam (3). Water drainage braking system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first dam (3) and/or the second concrete wall (6) are claim 4 rectangular or trapezoidal in shape. Water drainage brake system according to claim 4 or 5 , characterized in that one or more lateral reinforcing elements extend between the first dam (3) and the second concrete wall (6), wherein the lateral reinforcing elements are preferably side walls which are attached to the base (2). Water drainage braking system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first dam (3) has a first side (35) facing the passage system (4) and a second side (36) opposite the first side (35), wherein at least along the first side (35) and/or along the second side (36) the braking system has at least one concrete reinforcing element (50, 50bis) resting on the base (2), wherein the reinforcing element (50, 50bis) advantageously forms a step or a staircase along the first and/or second side (35, 36) of the first dam (3), preferably along both sides. Water drainage braking system according to the preceding claim, characterized in that at least one reinforcing element (50, 50bis) contains an inner chamber (40) of the passage system (4), the inner chamber (40) being provided with a drainage means (40A) to allow the water of the inner chamber (40) to flow through the first dam (3) and/or through a further reinforcing element and/or to an outlet pipe (70). Water drainage brake system according to claim 7 or 8 , characterized in that the passage system (4) comprises at least (a) a first element (4bis) consisting at least partially of aerated concrete arranged along the first side (35) of the first dam (3), (b) a second element (4ter) consisting at least partially of aerated concrete arranged along the second side (36) of the first dam (3), and (c) a pipe, an opening or a porous part forming an open connection in the first dam (3) between the first element (4bis) and the second element (4ter), the first element (4bis) and the second element (4ter) advantageously being similar. Water drainage braking system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the passage system (4) is arranged along the first dam (3), the passage system (4) forming at least one step along the first dam (3) or forming part of a staircase along the first dam (3), the outlet means (40A) of the inner chamber (40) of the passage system (4) advantageously being a lateral opening arranged in a plane substantially perpendicular to the plane of the first dam (3), the outlet means being suitable for being connected to an outlet pipe (70). Water drainage braking system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first dam (3) has a first side (35) directed towards the passage system (4) and, with respect to the first side (35), an opposite second side (36), wherein at least along the second side (36) of the first dam (3) the braking system comprises at least one Concrete reinforcement element (51) adapted to bear on the base (2) of another adjacent water flow braking system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the reinforcement element (51) forms a step or staircase along the second side (36) of the dam (3). A water drainage braking system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the braking system comprises a second concrete wall (6) supported on the base (2) to form a second dam (6), the second wall (6) being spaced from the first dam (3), the second concrete wall (6) having a height which is preferably less than the height of the first dam (3), the second concrete wall (6) preferably being adapted to form at least one step along the first wall (3) of another water drainage braking system according to any one of the preceding claims, the other water drainage braking system being arranged adjacent with respect to the first water drainage braking system. Water drainage braking system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base (2) is extended by a foot element (21) adjacent to the first wall (3) to form a support for the base (2) of an adjacent water drainage braking system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the foot element (21) is advantageously provided with a recess (210) adapted to receive one end of the base (2) of the adjacent water drainage braking system, wherein particularly preferably the base (2) has a substantially trapezoidal shape having (a) a first end with a first width (B1) arranged adjacent to the first dam (3) and (b) with respect to the first end an opposite second end with a second width (B2), wherein the second width is at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, smaller than the first width, and wherein the recess (210) is adapted to receive the opposite second end of the base (2) of the adjacent water drainage braking system. Water flow braking system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base (2) is not equipped with inclined longitudinal walls made of concrete intended to form lateral surfaces of a part of the canal, stream or river. Water drainage braking system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner chamber (40) of the passage system (4) comprises a drainage element (44) extending between a first end (44A) and a second end (44B), wherein at least one of the first and second ends (44A, 44B), preferably the first and the second end, is/are equipped with a coupling piece (40A) to connect the end or ends (44A, 44B) to an outlet pipe system (70) or to a sealing cover. A water drainage braking system comprising a series of adjacent water drainage braking systems according to any preceding claim. Use of one or more water flow retarder systems according to any one of the preceding claims in a canal, stream or river to slow and control water flow and increase water infiltration into the soil.

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