DE102019209221A1 - Method for the dividing cutting of a plate-shaped workpiece - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for the dividing cutting of a plate-shaped workpiece (10), in particular a plate-shaped residual workpiece, by means of a machining beam. The method comprises cutting at least one severing cut (11) for dividing the plate-shaped workpiece (10), the cutting of the severing cut (11) cutting at least one preliminary cut (12) and the subsequent cutting of at least one cut that completes the severing cut (11) ( 18, 20), wherein the preliminary cut (12) comprises a crossing point (14) with a further preliminary cut (16) of a further separating cut (13) or with a good part contour, and wherein the preliminary cut (12) has an end section (28, 26) which the completing cut (18, 20) meets.

Description

Background of the invention

The invention relates to a method for the dividing cutting of a plate-shaped workpiece, in particular a plate-shaped remaining workpiece, by means of a machining beam, in particular by means of a laser beam, comprising: cutting at least one severing cut for dividing the plate-shaped workpiece.

When laser cutting plate-shaped workpieces, a residual lattice of the plate-shaped workpiece, also known as the residual workpiece, remains after good parts have been cut free. Out DE 10 2010 042 561 B3 , JP 2002 337 040 A or JPH05127721 it is known to use the laser beam to cut the remaining skeleton into smaller skeleton fragments.

Out US 8,716,625 B2 it is known to cut waste parts (slugs) from plate-shaped workpieces with the laser beam into smaller pieces, which can be better removed from the process. First, intersecting lines and then a spiral contour are cut into the waste part.

If, when dividing the skeleton into smaller pieces, the separating cut is carried out completely, i.e. extends to the outer edge of the plate-shaped workpiece or to workpiece parts that have been cut free (good parts), at least one skeleton section is exposed, i.e. this is no longer connected to the plate-shaped workpiece or the workpiece panel.

If the scrap skeleton parts become free, it can happen that the parts that become free move against each other. Such a displacement can arise, for example, from the cutting gas pressure acting during cutting. This can lead to a height offset of the sections along the separating cut, which has a negative effect if two or more separating cuts cross each other to subdivide the scrap skeleton: If, for example, when cutting a second separating cut at the intersection between the first separating cut and the second separating cut, the workpiece parts collide with each other If the height is offset, a collision of the cutting head, usually the cutting nozzle, with a section of the workpiece can occur, which can lead to damage to the cutting head and, in the worst case, to a machine downtime.

A similar problem can arise if the separating cut for dividing the scrap skeleton is adjacent to a good part that has already been cut free. If the good part is tilted during free cutting, the cutting head can collide with the tilted good part at the point of intersection between the separating cut and the contour of the good part.

Object of the invention

The object of the present invention is to improve the process reliability when producing separating cuts for dividing a plate-shaped workpiece.

Description of the invention

This object is achieved by a method of the type mentioned at the outset, in which the cutting of the severing cut comprises the cutting of at least one preliminary cut and the subsequent cutting of at least one cut that completes the severing cut. The preliminary cut comprises a point of intersection with a further preliminary cut of a further separating cut or with a good part contour, and the preliminary cut has an end section which the completing cut meets.

According to the invention, it is proposed to subdivide the separating cut (s) during the dividing cutting into sections and to first cut a crossing point of crossing separating cuts or a crossing point of a separating cut with a good part contour as preliminary cuts, i.e. before all other cuts. In this way, the area at risk of collision is cut first before the separating cut is completed by at least one subsequent cut and the plate-shaped (remaining) workpiece is divided along the separating cut. Before the separating cutting, there is no risk of a collision at the crossing point, since no height offset occurs.

In the case of two intersecting separating cuts, the intersection point as a collision-endangered area is cut first, usually in the form of a cross or intersecting pre-cuts.

In one variant, when cutting the preliminary cut, the good part contour and the preferably linear preliminary cut starting from the intersection are cut together, the end section being formed on the preliminary cut.

In the event that the skeleton separating cut adjoins a good part contour, the good part contour is extended by the preliminary cut. At the beginning or at the end of the cutting of the good part contour, the preliminary cut is cut in this case, the end section of which is spaced from the point of intersection with the good part contour so far that it does not become one The cutting head may collide with a possibly tilted good part.

The separating cuts are only completed in subsequent process steps so that the scrap skeleton can be exposed. This is usually done in such a way that a respective completing cut only extends as far as an end section of the preliminary cut. In this way it can be ensured that there is sufficient distance to the crossing point to avoid a collision with the cutting head. Further cuts can be made between the pre-cuts and the completing cuts for dividing the (remaining) workpiece in order to cut good parts or waste parts (slugs) out of the workpiece. As a rule, the pre-cuts (with the exception of the final contours, see below) and the completing cuts are linear, but this is not absolutely necessary.

In order to ensure that the finishing cut meets the end section of the preliminary cut, the finishing cut can meet or cross the end section of the preliminary cut at an angle.

In a variant, the end section of the preliminary cut forms an end contour which, at least in sections, runs transversely (i.e. not parallel, in particular perpendicular) to the direction of the preliminary cut. The final contour thus has at least one section which deviates from the other, generally straight, shape of the preliminary cut. Typically, the completing cut crosses the final contour or the section running transversely to the direction of the preliminary cut, so that the completing cut reliably meets the preliminary cut. In this way it can be ensured that the separating cut is actually completed even in the event of heat distortion or displacement of the workpiece or the resulting scrap skeleton pieces and the scrap skeleton piece is cut free as desired.

In a further development, the end section of the further preliminary cut has a further end contour which, at least in sections, runs transversely (i.e. not parallel, in particular perpendicular) to the direction of the further preliminary cut. Another complete cut, which completes a further separating cut, crosses the further end contour or the transverse section of the further end contour. In this way, it can be ensured that the further separating cut, which includes the further preliminary cut and the further completing cut, is actually completed and the skeleton section is cut free even if the workpiece or the remaining skeleton parts are displaced.

In a further development, the end contour and / or the further end contour has / have a section of a polygon, preferably a triangle or a square, or an arc of a circle. All of these shapes have at least one section which runs transversely to the preliminary cut and from which the cut that completes the separating cut can be made.

The end contour and / or the further end contour is / are preferably cut as a circular arc, particularly preferably the length of the circular arc lies between a semicircle and a three-quarter circle, in particular the circular arc forms a three-quarter circle. Since round contours can be cut at a higher speed than angular contours, the maximum process speed can be achieved in this way. If the final contour is designed as a three-quarter circle, it also has the maximum possible extension transverse to the preliminary cut, which leads to the highest process reliability when completing the separating cut.

The circular arc of the final contour preferably has a diameter of at least 3 mm. This enables the final contour to be cut at the highest possible speed. As the thickness of the plate-shaped workpiece increases, the diameter of the final contour is preferably selected to be correspondingly larger.

In one variant, the end contour and / or the further end contour with a rounding starts from a linear section of the preliminary cut and / or the further preliminary cut. The rounded transition between the precut and the final contour is preferably designed in the shape of a circular arc in order to be able to cut at the highest possible speed. The diameter or radius of the rounding is preferably at least half as large as the diameter or radius of the circular arc of the final contour. Particularly preferably, the diameter or radius of the rounding corresponds to the diameter or radius of the circular arc.

Further advantages of the invention emerge from the description and the drawing. Likewise, the features mentioned above and below can be used according to the invention individually or collectively in any combination. The embodiments shown and described are not to be understood as an exhaustive list, but rather have an exemplary character for describing the invention.

Figure list

• 1 : shows as an example two separating cuts with a crossing point between two intersecting pre-cuts,
• 2 : shows an example of two separating cuts, each with a point of intersection with a good part contour,
• 3 : shows examples of different shapes of a final contour of a pre-cut, and
• 4th : shows an example of a rounding at the transition between a linear section and an end contour of a pre-cut.

In 1 is schematically a plate-shaped workpiece 10 (Scrap skeleton) shown by a separating cut 11 (hereinafter: first severing cut 11 ) and another cut 13th (hereinafter: second severing cut 13th ) is divided into four parts, ie the separating cuts 11 , 13th extend to the outer edge, not shown, of the plate-shaped workpiece 10 .

As in 1 can be seen, the two mutually perpendicular separating cuts cross 11 and 13th at a crossing point 14th . In order to avoid that a cutting head, not shown in the picture, does not get into the area of the crossing point when cutting 14th with upstanding, separated sections of the workpiece 10 collided, the two separating cuts are 11 , 13th divided into sections: The first severing cut 11 consists of a first preliminary cut 12 and two finishing cuts 18th and 20th . The second severing cut 13th consists of a second preliminary cut 16 and two more completing cuts 22nd and 24 .

• In einem ersten Verfahrensschritt wird der erste Vorschnitt 12 geschnitten. Der erste Vorschnitt 12 verläuft geradlinig, wobei an den Endabschnitten des zweiten Vorschnitts 15 jeweils eine Endkontur 26, 28 gebildet ist. Die Endkonturen 26, 28 haben die Form von Dreiviertelkreisen und verlaufen abschnittsweise quer zur (horizontalen) Richtung des ersten Vorschnitts 12.

When cutting the workpiece 10 proceed as follows:

• The first step is the first preliminary cut 12 cut. The first preliminary cut 12 runs in a straight line, with at the end sections of the second preliminary cut 15th one end contour each 26th , 28 is formed. The final contours 26th , 28 are in the form of three-quarter circles and run in sections at right angles to the (horizontal) direction of the first preliminary cut 12 .

In a subsequent process step, the second, also except for the two end contours, which form a three-quarter circle 30th , 32 rectilinear preliminary cut 16 cut. When cutting the second pre-cut 16 this crosses the first pre-cut 12 in the crossing point 14th . Since the two separating cuts 11 , 13th only in subsequent process steps with the help of the completing cuts 18th , 20th , 22nd and 24 are completed (see below), there is no risk that the cutting head will hit the crossing point 14th with a separated or tilted section of the workpiece 10 collided.

The first severing cut 11 is completed by the two completing, linear cuts 18th and 20th . The first complete cut 18th meets in the area of the first final contour 28 on the first preliminary cut 12 and cuts the first, three-quarter circular end contour 28 . The second finishing cut 20th meets at the second end contour 26th on the first preliminary cut 12 and cuts the second, three-quarter circular end contour 26th .

The second severing cut is corresponding 13th through the further completing, linear cuts 22nd and 24 completed: The first further completion cut 22nd cuts the first further final contour 32 of the further preliminary cut 16 and the second further completing cut 24 cuts the second further final contour 30th of the second preliminary cut 16 .

The order in which the completing cuts 18th , 20th , 22nd , 24 are cut is basically arbitrary. It is essential that first in the area of the crossing point 14th is cut before the separating cuts 11 and 13th to be completed. The length of the pre-cuts 12 , 16 and thus the spacing of the completing cuts 18th , 20th , 22nd , 24 from the crossing point 14th is chosen so large that when completing the separating cuts 11 , 13th there is no risk of the cutting head colliding. It goes without saying that the in 1 intersection point shown 14th as well as the points shown at the ends of the remaining contours are only used to clarify the representation, but no point-shaped contours are cut during the separating cutting.

In 2 is schematically a plate-shaped (residual) workpiece 10 with a rectangular good part 34 shown. When tailoring the good part 34 becomes a line-shaped pre-cut 42 cut that the rectangular good part contour 35 at a crossing point 50 crosses. The linear pre-cut 42 becomes together with the good part contour 35 cut and can be used at the beginning or at the end of cutting the first good part contour 35 get cut. When cutting the good part 34 becomes the preliminary cut at the same time 42 with its associated final contour 46 cut, which also has the shape of a three-quarter circle.

Even with the in 2 shown workpiece 10 becomes the first pre-cut when separating 42 with a finishing cut 38 to a first severing cut 39 completed. The completing, linear cut 38 crosses or cuts the pre-cut 42 at the final contour 46 how this related to 1 is described.

The point at which the finishing cut 38 the pre-cut 42 cuts should be a sufficient distance to the good part contour 35 or to the crossing point 50 exhibit. In this way it can be ensured that the cut free part 34 , which may be tilted with respect to the (remaining) workpiece 10, does not collide with the cutting head.

The finishing cut 38 has an end section in the example shown 37 on to which another completing cut 36 hits, making the final cut 38 at the same time another preliminary cut of the first severing cut 39 forms. A second severing cut 13th crosses the further pre-cut 38 of the first severing cut 39 at another crossing point 52 . The second severing cut 13th exists as in 1 from a second preliminary cut 16 and two more completing cuts 22nd , 24 . The second preliminary cut 16 has two end contours 30th , 32 that form a three-quarter circle. In addition, the good part contour 35 be connected to another (not shown) precut. In this way, the rest of the workpiece 10 be divided into several smaller workpiece parts.

In 3 are examples of four different geometries of final contours 56 , 58 , 60 , 62 of a respective preliminary cut 64 shown. In the 3 the two end contours shown on the left 56 and 58 are examples of sections of a polygon: The final contour shown at the top left 56 is a section of a triangle and the final contour shown at the bottom left 58 is a section of a rectangle. The final contour shown at the top right 60 is semicircular. The final contour shown at the bottom right 62 is three-quarter circle shaped. Both end contours 60 , 62 have a diameter D. on. The final contour shown at the bottom right 62 in the form of a three-quarter circle represents the preferred final contour, since a higher process speed can be achieved with round contours and a three-quarter circle also extends a large transverse direction to the rest of the preliminary cut 64 and thus a high level of process reliability when completing a respective severing cut can be achieved.

The diameter is preferably D. the in 3 circular end contours shown on the right 60 , 62 at least 3 mm. For thick workpieces 10 can be the diameter D. if necessary, be selected significantly larger than 3 mm. The size of the diameter D. can be the thickness of the workpiece 10 can be adjusted, for example, by increasing the workpiece thickness, the diameter D. is enlarged.

In 4th is another example of a final contour 62 shown in the form of a three-quarter circle attached to a preliminary cut 64 is formed. The linear section of the precut 64 goes in the form of a fillet 66 in the three-quarter circle of the final contour 62 about. The rounding 66 forms in the example shown an arc of a circle, more precisely approximately a quarter circle. The diameter D ' the rounding 66 is preferably at least half as large as the diameter D. the final contour 62 . In the example shown, the diameter is D ' the rounding 66 is the same size as the diameter D. of the three-quarter circle of the final contour 62 . As in 4th can also be seen, the circular arc-shaped rounding 66 opposite to the circular arc-shaped final contour 62 curved.

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• DE 102010042561 B3 [0002]
• JP 2002337040 A [0002]
• US 8716625 B2 [0003]

Claims (10)

Method for the dividing cutting of a plate-shaped workpiece (10), in particular a plate-shaped remaining workpiece, by means of a machining beam, comprising: cutting at least one separating cut (11) for dividing the plate-shaped workpiece (10), characterized in that the cutting of the separating cut (11 ) the cutting of at least one preliminary cut (12, 42) and the subsequent cutting of at least one cut (18, 20, 22, 24, 38) completing the separating cut (11), the preliminary cut (12, 42) having a crossing point (14, 50) with a further preliminary cut (16) of a further separating cut (13) or with a good part contour (35), and wherein the preliminary cut (12, 42) has an end section (26, 28, 46) onto which the completing cut ( 18, 20, 22, 24, 38). Procedure according to Claim 1 , characterized in that when cutting the preliminary cut (42) the good part contour (35) and the preferably linear preliminary cut (42) starting from the intersection point (50) and on which the end section (46) is formed are cut. Procedure according to Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the end section of the preliminary cut (12, 42) forms an end contour (26, 28, 46) which at least in sections extends transversely to the direction of the preliminary cut (12, 42). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an end section of the further preliminary cut (16) forms a further end contour (30, 32) which runs at least in sections transversely to the direction of the further preliminary cut (16). Procedure according to Claim 3 or 4th , characterized in that the completing cut (18, 20, 38) of the separating cut (11) crosses the final contour (26, 28, 46) and / or a further completing cut (22, 24) of the further separating cut (13) crosses the other End contour (30, 32) crosses. Method according to one of the Claims 3 to 5 , characterized in that the end contour (26, 28, 46) and / or the further end contour (30, 32) is a section of a polygon, preferably a triangle (56) or a square (58), or a circular arc (60, 62 ) having. Procedure according to Claim 6 , characterized in that the length of the circular arc lies between a semicircle (60) and a three-quarter circle (62), the circular arc preferably forming a three-quarter circle (62). Procedure according to Claim 6 or 7th , characterized in that the circular arc (60, 62) has a diameter (D) of at least 3 mm. Method according to one of the Claims 3 to 8th , characterized in that the end contour (62) and / or the further end contour (62) with a rounding (66) starts from a linear section of the preliminary cut (64) or the further preliminary cut. Procedure according to Claim 9 , characterized in that a diameter (D ') of the rounding (66) is at least half as large as the diameter (D) of the circular arc (62), the diameter (D') of the rounding (66) preferably being equal to the diameter (D ) of the circular arc (62) corresponds.

Images