DE102009053102B4 - Turbocharger having a thrust bearing arrangement for a shaft of the turbocharger - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a turbocharger (10) having a turbocharger housing (12) which has a bearing housing (18), a turbine housing (20) and a compressor housing (22), which are combined to form a common turbocharger housing (12). 12) in the longitudinal direction in two housing halves (14, 16) is formed divided. A shaft (30) is mounted in the turbocharger housing (12), at least one axial bearing arrangement (38) having an axial bearing disk (40) being provided for supporting the shaft in the axial direction, the axial bearing disk (40) being provided by means of a spring element (78). is braced in a receptacle of the turbocharger housing (12).

Description

The invention relates to a turbocharger with a turbocharger housing having a bearing housing, a turbine housing and a compressor housing, wherein the turbocharger housing is formed longitudinally divided into two housing halves and wherein in the turbocharger housing a shaft is mounted and at least one thrust bearing assembly for supporting the shaft in the axial Direction is provided.

In general, a turbocharger consists of an exhaust gas turbine in an exhaust gas mass flow, which is connected via a shaft to a compressor in the intake tract. The turbine of the turbine is arranged in a turbine housing and the compressor of the compressor in a compressor housing. The shaft is in turn mounted in a bearing housing. In operation, the turbine wheel is driven by the exhaust gas mass flow and in turn drives the compressor wheel. The compressor compresses the intake air and supplies it to the internal combustion engine. Normally, the shaft is supported by a radial bearing assembly in the bearing housing. Due to fluid flows acting on the turbine wheel and the compressor wheel, strong axial forces can occur. Such axial forces can not be absorbed by the radial bearings in general. Therefore, at least one or two additional thrust bearings are normally provided to properly accommodate these axial forces.

Furthermore, the previous design of turbochargers provides individual housings, which are fastened together and sealed against each other. Another form of turbocharger housing now provides to divide the turbocharger housing in the longitudinal direction, ie in the direction of the shaft axis, and not, as has been the case so far, transversely to the longitudinal axis, ie, transverse to the shaft axis. A similar turbocharger housing is for example in the US 2,860,827 A disclosed. The illustrated turbocharger housing consists of a bearing housing, a turbine housing and a compressor housing, which are shared for assembly reasons together in the longitudinal direction. The bearing housing and the turbine housing is additionally divided in the transverse direction from the bearing housing. In the bearing housing, a split bearing support is arranged, which has two bearing points for supporting a turbocharger shaft. The turbocharger shaft is rotatably mounted in the bearing points of the bearing carrier, wherein the turbocharger shaft between the bearing points has an enlarged diameter which forms a shoulder with which the turbocharger shaft is axially supported on the side surfaces of the bearings of the bearing carrier.

From the DE 197 58 642 C2 a turbine is known, which drives a compressor or a pump or a generator, wherein the throttling of the liquid or gaseous stream is effected by changing the load state of the turbine. The turbine with compressor or pump is constructed in two- or multi-shell construction and has an outer plastic and an inner metal housing and plastic or metal paddle wheels. The housing shown in one embodiment, which houses a turbine and a compressor is also divided in the longitudinal direction. The rotor shaft is rotatably mounted with two radial bearings, which are accommodated in a separate bearing sleeve, wherein the bearing sleeve is elastically received in the housing in the radial direction.

Another example of a longitudinally split compressor housing arrangement shows the US 2008/0232962 A1 , In this case, a compressor and an electric machine driving the compressor are arranged on a common shaft in a common housing, wherein the housing is divided in two in the longitudinal direction, ie in the direction of the shaft. The shaft is mounted in the housing by means of a radial bearing and a thrust bearing. The thrust bearing has several bearing discs and is arranged in a multi-part housing on the shaft.

The object of the present invention is to provide a suitable thrust bearing for a shaft of a turbocharger, which has a longitudinally split turbocharger housing, which allows a reduced assembly cost.

This object is achieved by a turbocharger having a turbocharger housing with a thrust bearing arrangement having the features of patent claim 1.

According to the invention, a turbocharger is provided with a turbocharger housing having a bearing housing, a turbine housing and a compressor housing. The turbocharger housing is formed longitudinally divided into two housing halves. In the turbocharger housing a shaft is supported, wherein at least one thrust bearing arrangement is provided for supporting the shaft in the axial direction. According to the invention, the bearing housing, the turbine housing and the compressor housing are combined to form a common turbocharger housing, and the axial bearing arrangement has an axial bearing washer, which is arranged in a receptacle of the turbocharger housing. The thrust washer is pressed by means of at least one spring element to an axial surface of the receptacle and fixed axially in the receptacle by bracing.

The turbocharger has the advantage that the thrust bearing assembly can be threaded onto the running gear and the running gear with the thrust bearing assembly can then be completely inserted into the housing halves of the split in the longitudinal direction turbocharger housing.

Advantageous embodiments and modifications of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and the description with reference to the drawings.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the exemplary embodiments indicated in the schematic figures of the drawings. Show it:

1 a view of a housing half of a turbocharger, which is formed divided in two housing halves in the longitudinal direction, wherein the shaft is provided in the turbocharger housing with a radial bearing assembly and a thrust bearing assembly;

2 a sectional view of the turbocharger according to 1 ;

3 a sectional view through a turbocharger housing with a thrust bearing assembly according to another variant;

4 a sectional view through a turbocharger housing with a thrust bearing assembly according to another embodiment;

5 a sectional view through a longitudinally split turbocharger housing with a thrust bearing assembly according to another embodiment;

6 a sectional view through a longitudinally split turbocharger housing with a thrust bearing assembly according to an embodiment of the invention; and

7 a sectional view through a longitudinally split turbocharger housing with a thrust bearing assembly according to another embodiment.

In all figures, identical or functionally identical elements and devices - unless otherwise indicated - have been identified with the same reference numerals. Furthermore, the representation of the turbocharger in the following figures is shown purely schematically, not to scale and greatly simplified.

In 1 is a sectional view through a turbocharger 10 with a turbocharger housing 12 shown, which in the longitudinal direction in two housing halves 14 is executed divided. 1 shows a case half 14 from the gasket side. The housing half 14 has a recess 15 or groove on, in which a sealing device is receivable, for tightly attach the two housing halves together. The recess 15 and the course of the recess 15 in which a sealing device for sealing the housing halves 14 is provided, are purely exemplary.

In the example in 1 has the turbocharger housing 12 a bearing housing 18 , a turbine housing 20 and a compressor housing 22 on, wherein all three housings are combined to form a common turbocharger housing and in two housing halves 14 are formed divided along the longitudinal direction. In the present case, the turbocharger housing 12 Run longitudinally divided, with the longitudinal axis 24 and the dividing plane of the turbocharger housing 12 it lies in the plane of the drawing.

In the present example, the turbocharger housing 12 optionally additionally carried out at least partially coolable and / or heated. More specifically, in the 1 shown example, the turbocharger housing 12 in the area of the turbine housing 20 and the bearing housing 18 an additional fluid jacket 26 or Temperiermantel in which a fluid such. As water, can be performed to this area of the turbocharger housing 12 to temper, ie to cool and / or to heat, depending on the function and purpose.

In the 1 shown housing half 14 is attached to the other corresponding housing half (not shown) and sealed. These are at least one or more holes in this case 28 for screwing and / or pinning the two housing halves 14 intended together. Furthermore, any other form of attachment can be provided, which is suitable for the two housing halves 14 to connect with each other and a seal between the two housing halves 14 to enable or self-supply. For sealing the two housing halves 14 For example, a bead seal, an O-ring seal and / or an elastomer seal may be provided as a sealing device. The bead seal or one of the other seals will fit into a corresponding recess 15 in one or both housing halves 14 inserted, in which case the other non-sealed housing half surfaces touch directly.

In 1 is in the bearing housing section 18 of the turbocharger housing 12 a wave 30 stored on which a turbine wheel 32 and a compressor wheel 34 are provided. The turbine wheel 32 is doing in a section of the turbine housing 20 and the compressor 34 in a section of the compressor housing 22 of the turbocharger housing 12 arranged. In the present example, the shaft points 30 a radial bearing arrangement 36 and a thrust bearing assembly 38 on.

For the turbocharger 10 becomes a thrust bearing assembly 38 used with at least one or more thrust bearings to support the axial thrust and the running gear, so the turbine and the compressor 32 . 34 To position axially so as to achieve both higher efficiencies through narrow flow gaps, as well as to prevent damage. At one, like in 1 shown, longitudinally split turbocharger housing 12 a thrust bearing can not be mounted axially, since no axial access exists. Heretofore, in a conventionally transversely split turbocharger housing, a thrust bearing has been bolted axially into a closed bearing housing prior to assembly. The runner was then mounted with the support in the axial direction thereafter.

According to the embodiment as shown in 1 and later 2 is shown, the thrust bearing assembly 38 now mounted with the first on the running gear and provided with the bearing surface in the housing half and edited.

In the 1 and 2 illustrated thrust bearing assembly 38 has at least one thrust washer 40 on. This thrust washer 40 will, as in 1 is shown on the shaft 30 attached to the power tool. To attach to the shaft 30 can the thrust bearing assembly 38 clamped, screwed, pressed and / or shrunk on these, just to name a few examples of mounting options. In this case, the thrust washer 40 be limited on one side by a shoulder of the shaft and on the other side optionally additionally by a female element 42 or a sleeve. The socket element 42 in this case additionally has at least one sealing device on its outside 44 on, for sealing the portion of the bearing housing ( 18 ) relative to the section of the compressor housing ( 22 ). As a sealing device 44 are, for example, two piston ring seals in corresponding grooves on the outside of the female member 42 intended.

Furthermore, in the in 1 example shown the wave 30 via a radial bearing arrangement 36 stored. The radial bearing arrangement 36 has a sleeve element outside 46 on, for example, made of metal, for. As steel, consists and at both ends a collar portion 48 having. In this case, one or both collar sections 48 of the sleeve element 46 be resilient to between two stops or recordings 50 , here projections of the turbocharger housing 12 to be clamped and those in the sleeve element 46 intended to brace intended bearing assembly in the axial direction. One or both collar sections 48 can also be designed not resilient, so stiff and between the two stops 50 be inserted. In this case, optionally one or both collar sections 48 at the assigned recording 50 be fastened for example by means of screws. At least one spring-acting or stiff collar section can also additionally by means of screwing and / or pinning on the respective associated recording 50 be attached. One or both collar sections 48 are either in one piece or as separate parts with the sleeve member 46 connected.

One or both collar sections 48 of the sleeve element 46 can also optionally also from the oil chamber both turbine side, as in 1 is shown, as well as compressor side (not shown) are led out and take on other functions, such as a heat shield. One or both collar sections 48 but can also remain within the oil space, as in 1 the collar section 48 on the compressor side. The sleeve element 46 can now be formed for example as a radial slide bearing assembly (not shown) and form two slide bearing sections. Alternatively, the sleeve member 46 as in the embodiment in FIG 1 shown is also a sleeve 54 record, which are the two plain bearing sections 52 having. Instead of the sleeve 54 but it is also possible to provide two radial bearings as plain bearings, which are optionally additionally spaced from one another by a spacer sleeve in the sleeve element 46 are arranged (not shown). Alternatively, the sleeve element 46 be formed on its inside as a spacer sleeve, with a stop for both plain bearings (not shown).

Furthermore, optionally additionally on the inside and / or outside of the sleeve member 46 a location 56 of at least one or more layers of an elastic, heat-resistant or temperature-resistant material are provided, as in 1 is shown. The material consists for example of a polymer, elastomer and / or hard rubber. The invention is not limited to these materials. In principle, any other suitable, heat-resistant or temperature-resistant, elastic material can be used.

As from the arrangement in 1 shows, the sleeve is 54 on the wave 30 deferred, with the shaft 30 a paragraph with a stop for the sleeve 54 forms. At the other end of the sleeve 54 is a thrust bearing assembly 38 arranged a stop for the sleeve 54 , so the Radial bearing arrangement 36 forms in the axial direction. On the thrust washer 40 here is an additional Ölabweisblech 58 arranged, wherein the thrust washer 40 in addition a recording 60 for the oil deflector plate 58 having. The wave 30 can with the sleeve 54 , along with the location 56 made of an elastic material and the sleeve member 46 , with the two collar sections 48 , easy in the housing halves 14 of the split in longitudinal directions turbocharger housing 12 be inserted.

2 further shows a sectional view through the turbocharger housing 12 , wherein the two housing halves 14 . 16 are shown. It is also greatly simplifies the seal between the two housing halves 14 . 16 indicated.

In 3 is further shown a side sectional view through a turbocharger housing 12 with a thrust bearing assembly 38 according to a further embodiment. This is part of the section of the bearing housing 18 the two housing halves 14 . 16 shown in a sectional view. In the bearing housing 18 is the wave 30 via a radial bearing arrangement 36 consisting of two plain bearings 62 , between which in addition a spacer sleeve 64 is arranged, stored. Furthermore, a thrust bearing assembly 38 provided, which at least one thrust washer 40 having. The thrust washer 40 is on the wave 30 fastened the jig, for example clamped, pressed or shrunk.

As in 3 is shown here is the thrust washer 40 in a recess or recess of the turbocharger housing 12 arranged, wherein the recess on one or both sides of a limiting section 66 for the thrust bearing assembly 38 having. The boundary section 66 may be formed integrally with the respective housing half or as a separate part on the turbocharger housing 12 be attached. The boundary section 66 acts thereby an unwanted axial movement of the thrust washer 40 opposite and serves as an axial boundary section.

Furthermore, when running in 3 a socket element 42 provided, which may additionally comprise sealing elements on the outside, for sealing the bearing housing portion relative to the impeller housing portion (not shown). Following the socket element 42 is furthermore a disc element 79 provided for the purpose of centrifugal lubricant 30 serves.

The embodiment shown, in which the power tool one on the shaft 30 mounted thrust bearing assembly 38 has the advantage that it is no longer necessary a thrust bearing assembly 38 separately in the turbocharger housing 12 to fix. The mounted tool can be inserted directly. In addition, the depression or the limiting section acts 66 on one or both sides of the thrust washer 40 an unwanted axial movement of the thrust washer 40 opposite.

In 4 is further a sectional view through the two housing halves 14 . 16 a longitudinally split turbocharger housing 12 shown with a further embodiment of a thrust bearing assembly 38 , The housing halves 14 . 16 are shown from the front. The thrust bearing assembly 38 also has at least one thrust washer 40 on. The thrust washer 40 in this case has at least one or two radially arranged projections which act as tab elements 68 serve, with which the thrust washer 40 on a housing half 16 is screwed.

The advantage of this embodiment, in which the thrust bearing assembly 38 with tab elements 68 is radially attached, is that the thrust bearing assembly 38 already threaded onto the tool and then in the housing half 16 perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 24 attached, z. B. screwed and / or pinned, can.

Next is in 5 a side sectional view through a turbocharger housing 12 with a further embodiment of a thrust bearing assembly 38 shown. There is a wave 30 represented, which means two radial plain bearings 62 is mounted radially, wherein the radial slide bearing in an insert sleeve 54 are arranged. At least on one of the two sides of the radial bearing assembly 36 In this example, a shaft shoulder is provided, on which an additional bearing collar 72 is arranged, which for providing the abutment surfaces of the shaft for the on the insert sleeve 54 fixed thrust washer 40 serves. The Lagerbund 72 is here designed as a rotary part or rotationally symmetric part. The Lagerbund 72 again has on its outside a shoulder which extends axially across the width of the thrust bearing assembly 38 extends. The thrust bearing assembly 38 in this case has at least one thrust washer 40 on. Between the thrust washer 40 and the Lagerbund 72 There is a game planned as the Lagerbund 72 with the wave 30 rotates while the thrust washer 40 with the insert sleeve 54 stationary. For this purpose, the thrust washer 40 for example by means of one or more screws 76 and / or pins (not shown) on the insert sleeve 54 be attached. The Lagerbund 72 on the other hand, that's how it is on the wave 30 attached that he is with the shaft 30 rotates. This is the camp alliance 72 for example, on the wave 30 clamped by a shaft nut.

Following the camp federation 72 is here on the shaft additionally another disc element 79 provided for the purpose of throwing lubricant, such as oil, from the shaft 30 serves.

In 6 Finally is a side sectional view through a turbocharger housing 12 and its two housing halves 14 . 16 shown with an inventive embodiment of the thrust bearing assembly 38 , In this embodiment, the thrust washer is 40 by means of at least one spring element 78 in the recording 60 the turbocharger housing fixed while the bearing collar 72 , which provides for the provision of abutment surfaces for the thrust washer 40 serves, with the wave 30 rotates. Depending on the function and purpose, the Lagerbund 72 also be omitted. In this case, the abutment surface for the thrust washer must 40 be provided directly on the shaft (not shown).

For fixing the thrust washer 40 is according to the embodiment of the invention, at least one spring element 78 used with the thrust washer 40 axially in the receptacle 60 of the turbocharger housing 12 is clamped. The thrust washer 40 is doing in a recording 60 in the form of a recess or depression, in the bearing housing section 18 inserted and by means of the spring element 78 in the recording 60 clamped, allowing an unwanted movement of the thrust washer 40 counteracted in the axial direction. The thrust washer 40 is doing by the at least one spring element 78 to an axial bearing surface of the recording 60 presses.

In addition, at least one disk element designed as an oil deflecting ring 79 , as in 6 Shown to be provided with on the shaft 30 is braced, with the Ölabweisring 79 In operation, the oil or lubricant is thrown off.

The embodiment of the invention has the advantage that the arrangement of the thrust washer 40 with the spring element 78 in the recording 60 of the turbocharger housing 12 allow the thrust bearing assembly 38 to thread in advance on the runner during assembly and then the runner simply in the recording 60 insert. It accounts for this Verschraubungsprozesse, whereby the Montaeaufwand is reduced.

7 further shows a side sectional view through a turbocharger housing 12 with a thrust bearing assembly 38 according to a further embodiment of the invention. The thrust bearing assembly 38 also has at least one thrust washer 40 on. The thrust washer 40 can, as previously described, directly on the shaft 30 (not shown) or on a warehouse 72 , as in 7 shown, be arranged and with the shaft 30 or the Lagerbund 72 make a clearance fit. In other words, the thrust washer 40 is housebound while the Lagerbund 72 with the wave 30 rotates. The thrust washer 40 can easily into an associated receptacle 60 in the turbocharger housing 12 inserted and additionally clamped therein. In the example shown here is for fixing the thrust washer 40 this in the turbocharger housing 12 with at least one sealing device 44 , here an O-ring or a piston ring seal, etc. on the outer circumference, fixed.

Also in this embodiment, the recording 60 for receiving a thrust washer 40 in the turbocharger housing 12 formed in the form of a depression or a groove, wherein the receptacle 60 a first receiving section 80 in which the thrust washer 40 is received, wherein the first receiving section 80 having a limiting portion, the unwanted axial movement of the thrust washer 40 counteracts. The first recording section 80 forms here with the thrust washer 40 a clearance fit or transitional fit. This has the advantage that the thrust washer 40 very easy in the first recording section 80 the recording 60 inserted and at the same time an unwanted axial movement of the thrust washer 40 can be prevented because the limiting section 66 the receiving section 80 an unwanted axial movement of the thrust washer 40 prevented.

A second recording section 82 the recording 60 is formed so that at least one disc element 79 , z. As a Ölabweisring, and / or spring element, in the recording 60 can be arranged to an unwanted axial movement of the bearing collar 72 or the thrust washer 40 counteract. The recording 60 is designed, for example stepped, as in 7 is shown to the first and second receiving portion 80 . 82 to build. The second receiving section 82 nevertheless forms an oil chamber or lubricant space, in which a trained as Ölabweisring disc element 79 can be arranged over which oil or lubricant can be thrown off. The Ölabweisring forms a thrust bearing surface for the thrust bearing.

Furthermore, the embodiments described above may be combined with each other, particularly individual features of the various embodiments

Claims (4)

Turbocharger ( 10 ) with a turbocharger housing ( 12 ), which is a bearing housing ( 18 ), a turbine housing ( 20 ) and a compressor housing ( 22 ), wherein the turbocharger housing ( 12 ) in the longitudinal direction in two housing halves ( 14 . 16 ) is divided, - wherein in the turbocharger housing ( 12 ) a wave ( 30 ), wherein at least one axial bearing arrangement ( 38 ) for supporting the shaft ( 30 ) is provided in the axial direction, characterized in that - the bearing housing ( 18 ), the Turbiengehause ( 20 ) and the compressor housing ( 22 ) to a common turbocharger housing ( 12 ), the axial bearing arrangement ( 38 ) at least one thrust washer ( 40 ) and have them in a receptacle ( 60 ) of the turbocharger housing ( 12 ) by means of a spring element ( 78 ) to an axial surface of the receptacle ( 60 ) and so in the recording ( 60 ) is braced. Turbocharger according to claim 1, characterized in that the receptacle ( 60 ) a first receiving section ( 80 ), wherein the first receiving section ( 80 ) with the thrust bearing ( 40 ) forms a transitional fit or a clearance fit. Turbocharger according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the receptacle ( 60 ) a second receiving section ( 82 ), wherein in the second receiving section ( 82 ) the spring element and at least one further disc element ( 79 ) is arranged to prevent unwanted axial movement of the thrust bearing. Turbocharger according to claim 3, characterized in that the receptacle ( 60 ) is formed in the form of a stepped recess, wherein a step the first receiving portion ( 82 ) and a second stage the second receiving section ( 80 ).

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