DE102007030406A1 - Use of an algae extract for the temporary or permanent dressing of surfaces, reducing adhesion of biological material, preferably microorganisms or proteins, on surfaces and in detergents, cleaning agents and hand-washing agent - Google Patents

Abstract

Use of an algae extract and/or its organic isolate and/or derivative for the temporary or permanent dressing of surfaces, is claimed. Independent claims are included for: (1) a composition containing washing- and cleaning-agent, cosmetic or pharmaceutical preparation, antifouling agent, soil repellency- or soil release-agent, agent for finishing of packing, filter media, building material, indirect material, textile, furs, papers, skins or leathers, comprising at least one algae extract and/or its organic isolate and/or derivative; (2) materials containing packing, filter media, building material, indirect material, textile, furs, papers, skins or leathers, treated with at least one algae extract and/or its organic isolate and/or derivative; and (3) controlling microbial interaction, comprising optionally determining the interacting microorganisms, optionally selecting the suitable compound using the algae extract, its organic isolate and/or its derivative and adding the compound to the medium, in which the microbial interaction takes place. ACTIVITY : Antimicrobial; Antibacterial; Fungicide. Test details are described but no results given. MECHANISM OF ACTION : None given.

Description

The The invention relates to the use of algae extracts for reduction the attachment of biological material to surfaces and compositions, preparations and materials containing the algae extracts contained or equipped with it.

In There is a need for funds available in various areas to have the adhesion of biological material and / or prevent the formation of biofilms.

So For example, there are mold fungi on various households Places, for example in the kitchen or in damp rooms, like in the bathroom. Molds cause considerable problems, that the spores they release into the air often allergy-producing.

Of Furthermore, it can be used in the household by bacteria for the training of odorous and unaesthetic biofilms on many Surfaces, especially in pipelines, come. at Strong biofilm formation can cause blockage of the tubes and other flow systems come.

A Fight fungi and bacteria with biocidal agents is associated with an increased risk of resistance formation, so that after some time found new antimicrobial substances must be against those resistant microorganisms Act. Biocides are also ecologically and toxicologically not always harmless. Furthermore, a trained biofilm often poorly controlled with the help of biocides become.

When Another point to mention is that delicate textiles, such as Silk or microfiber, more and more often to garments be processed, washed only at 30 or 40 ° C can be. As a result, fungi, such as the human pathogenic Candida albicans, and bacteria are not killed. Especially After a fungal infection, it may be due to such on garments adherent, not killed fungi for a reinfection come.

Farther Bear carriers often contract an oral Candidosis (thrush). Adhering to the surface of the prosthesis Fungal cells may contact the mucous membranes colonize, which are often damaged by pressure points.

Around reinfection through clothing or plastic surfaces To prevent adherent microorganisms have so far been mainly used antimicrobial substances that either the growth of Microorganisms inhibit (biostatics) or kill them (Biocides). The disadvantage is that such z. B. in washing and Detergents used biocides or biostats the wastewater burden and thus also the microbial treatment stages in affect the functioning of sewage treatment plants. In addition, the selection pressure on the microorganisms for resistance formation greatly increased, so that after some time new antimicrobial Substances must be found that are resistant to this have become microorganisms. It is therefore desirable biorepulsive instead of biocidal or biostatic substances to have active substances that increase the adhesion prevent physiological damage to microorganisms.

About that In addition, the reduction in adhesion can be reduced by the reduced Contact of the human body with the microorganism cells, For example, the respiratory tract with mold spores, even to a Reduce the allergenic potential.

When Another important application area where the adhesion of microorganisms plays a crucial role, are submerse Surfaces in the marine area to call. During the Time settle on these in a particular sequence sessile Organisms. As a rule, a biofilm is first formed from bacteria, fungi, microalgae and protozoa, on which subsequently settle larger organisms such as algae in particular can. Is it the populated surfaces to those of technical equipment or ships, is the need of protective measures at hand - the uneven Surface increases the frictional resistance and thus the fuel consumption, in addition, the colonized corroded Material lighter. The organotin-containing antifouling paints used hitherto proved to be very efficient but also highly toxic and nonspecific. Their application became starting from 2003 in the "International Convention on the control of harmful antifouling systems " from 2008 there is a ban on use. This resulted in a increased interest in the development of environmentally sound Antifoulingtechniken.

apart from the attachment of microorganisms, it is desirable also to have substances available that the attachment of other material, in particular other biological material such as proteins, diminish. One speaks in this context also from Soil Repellency or Soil Release, depending on whether the attachment complicated from the outset or the removability is facilitated.

task The present invention is therefore to specifically the adhesion of biological material on surfaces and / or to inhibit the formation of biofilms, if possible without these surfaces or the effluents with biocides and / or biostatic agents.

Surprisingly has now been found that easily by algae extracts the adhesion of biological material to surfaces can be reduced. This can be achieved, for example, that the algae extract in a cleaner or in a finishing agent is introduced, with which the surface concerned becomes. Alternatively, the algae extract may also be introduced into the material and / or be incorporated, its surface before adhesion should be protected.

object The present invention is therefore a method for temporary or permanent equipment of surfaces, in particular for reducing the adhesion of biological material on surfaces, characterized in that an algae extract and / or an organic isolate thereof and / or a derivative thereof applied to the surface or into the materials, whose surfaces are protected against adhesion be introduced.

object Therefore, the use of an algae extract and / or an organic isolate thereof and / or a derivative thereof temporary or permanent equipment of surfaces, in particular for reducing the adhesion of biological Material on surfaces.

Under biological material are according to the invention in particular To understand microorganisms and proteins. Under microorganisms are especially bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses and microalgae to understand. This includes bacterial endo- or exospores as well as spores, which serve as reproductive structures in mushrooms, with a.

Under Reduction of adhesion is a significant reduction in the amount adherent biological material, in particular the adherent Microorganism cells, to understand. The attachment is preferred by more than 20 or 40%, more preferably by more than 50, 60 or 80%, in particular more than 90 or 95%, in relation to one untreated control, reduced. Ideally, the Attachment complete or nearly complete prevented. The percentages are based on the total mass of the adhered biological material.

According to one preferred embodiment, the algae extract and / or an organic isolate thereof and / or a derivative thereof in such Final concentrations used that are not biocidal or biostatic Effectiveness is present. A particular advantage of this embodiment is that the risk of resistance formation is low, since existing Microorganisms are neither killed nor their growth is inhibited, but the effect is purely biorepulsive. The concentrations, in which there is no inhibition of growth, as well as the minimum Inhibitory concentrations themselves may be known in the art Way to be determined easily. Experimentally could be proved be that many algae extracts of the invention even when used in relatively high concentrations no or only show low bactericidal activity. In addition, are most algae extracts of the invention also from a toxicological point of view, as far as known to date, harmless.

One Another advantage of the invention is that some algae extracts, also compared to conventional biocides or biostats, already effective in low final concentrations, so only little substance needs to be used.

In In a preferred embodiment, use is made the algae extract according to the invention, the organic Isolates thereof or the derivative thereof in an antifouling agent, a Soil Repellency Remedy or a Soil Release Remedy.

The present invention further provides compositions, preparations and materials which contain at least one algae extract and / or an organic isolate thereof and / or a derivative thereof and / or with at least one algae extract and / or at least one isolate thereof and / or coated and / or equipped at least one derivative thereof.

at the compositions, preparations and materials may be this especially concerns filter media, adhesives, building materials, Construction auxiliaries, textiles, furs, paper, hides, leather, detergents, cleaning agents, Rinsing agent, hand detergent, hand dishwashing detergent, Dishwasher detergents, disinfectants, cosmetic Preparations, pharmaceutical preparations and equipment for use or Treatment of surfaces, building materials, filter media, building aids, Ceramics, plastics, metals, textiles, furs, paper, skins, Leather or packaging, in particular those containing foodstuffs Come in contact.

According to one particularly preferred embodiment, the adhesion of microorganisms to filter media, adhesives, building materials and / or Building aids reduced.

In Another preferred embodiment is the adhesion of microorganisms on the surfaces that are common come in contact with the human body diminished. In particular, abiotic, technical (or technically produced) Meant surfaces. For the purposes of this particular embodiment therefore human or animal tissue are not among them understand.

According to one Another preferred embodiment is the adhesion of microorganisms on such surfaces as textiles, Ceramics, metals, glass and / or plastics reduced. In particular, can this is laundry, sanitary facilities such as showers, sinks or toilets, floor coverings, shoes, Leather, articles made of rubber, window panes, Glasses, aquariums, dishes, work surfaces, Prostheses, dentures or kitchen appliances such as refrigerators or herd trade.

Of the Algae extract and / or its organic isolate and / or its Derivatives are preferably in the applications mentioned on the Material applied or incorporated or incorporated into the material.

The Reduction of adhesion to textiles or plastic surfaces Reduces the risk of reinfection of the affected parts of the body. The reduction of the adhesion of microorganisms to ceramics, Plastics or metals, in particular prostheses or dentures, reduces the risk of infection or reinfection, without the skin, mucous membranes or sewage with biocide or biostatically or virostatically acting substances. Likewise, catheters as well as others made of plastic or metals manufactured medical devices and / or prostheses the use of algae extracts, for example in rinses or cleaning agents are removed from the adhesion.

Dentures, In particular dentures, can by the use of algae extracts effective in oral, dental and / or denture care products, simple and with no load on the treated surface with strong biocidal, possibly even conditionally toxic Substances are cleaned of microorganism adhesion.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention the adhesion of microorganisms is thereby suppressed, that by engaging in the molecular communication of microorganisms the formation of a biofilm is inhibited.

• a) gegebenenfalls die interagierenden Mikroorganismen bestimmt,
• b) gegebenenfalls unter den Algenextrakten, deren organischen Isolaten und/oder deren Derivaten die geeignete Verbindung oder die geeigneten Verbindungen auswählt, und
• c) die ausgewählte Verbindung oder ausgewählten Verbindungen in für die gewünschte Kontrolle ausreichender Menge dem Medium zusetzt, in dem die mikrobielle Interaktion stattfindet.

A further subject of the present invention is therefore also a process for the control of microbial interaction-based processes, characterized in that

• a) if appropriate, determines the interacting microorganisms,
• b) optionally among algae extracts, their organic isolates and / or their derivatives selecting the appropriate compound or compounds, and
• c) adding the selected compound or selected compounds in sufficient amount for the desired control to the medium in which the microbial interaction takes place.

One Another object of the present invention is therefore also the use of an algae extract and / or an organic isolate from it and / or a derivative thereof for the control of microbial Interaction based operations, especially for control the formation and / or maturation of biofilms, particularly preferred biofilms involving Gram-negative bacteria.

Under "processes based on microbial interaction" are in addition to training and / or Rei Biofilms include multicellular swarming, the concerted formation of antibiotic resistance, the concerted synthesis of antibiotics, the concerted synthesis of pigments, the concerted production of extracellular enzymes, particularly hydrolytic enzymes, or the concerted production of virulence factors.

By the biofilm suppression can be, for example, indirectly also protect ship hulls from algae growth. Because the biofilm forms the basis for the settlement of larger organisms such as shells and algae. This vegetation slows down the ships by its frictional resistance and thus increases the fuel consumption in the air, which is why The coating can be removed regularly consuming got to. For this reason, the use of the invention Algae extracts in so-called antifouling agents according to the invention particularly prefers.

Medically relevant biofilms are also a preferred object of the present invention. Here are in particular:
Cystic fibrosis: The chronic lung infection that affects cystic fibrosis patients is caused by the gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Once a biofilm has formed on the lungs, the bacteria can not be destroyed even by the most aggressive antibiotic treatments. Patients with this hereditary disease form due to a disturbed saline transport in the epithelial cells, viscous mucus in the lungs, which forms a good breeding ground for pathogens.

Contact lenses: Contact lenses can also be formed by film-forming bacteria settle. Especially the germ Pseudomonas aeruginosa plays here an important role. Although he is not in the normal flora of the eye may occur through mascara sponges or contaminated Cleaning solutions for contact lenses in the eye reach. Corneal infections are common, even if only minor injuries are present.

implants: Bacterial biofilms account for about 60 percent of all infections responsible for implant surgery. Mortality Patients are particularly high when using endogenous implants such as artificial ones Joints or heart valves are affected.

Catheter: Intravenous approaches, as for blood transfusions or artificial nutrition needed, can also lead to serious infections. germs the normal skin flora such as Staphylococcus species or pathogens like Various Pseudomonas species can be found on the outside attach to the access before entering the blood vessels of the patient is introduced. There the bacteria form then a movie that, when it dissolves, causes chronic infections can trigger.

Dental plaque: The coating on teeth is not only ugly, but under certain circumstances also dangerous: caries, gingivitis (Bleeding gums) and periodontitis (gingivitis) can be the result. In addition, you can Germs of the oral flora enter the blood system through small wounds, who are suspected of having heart attacks, premature birth or To cause diabetes.

preferred dimensions the use according to the invention for suppression of bilofilms therefore in sterilization, disinfection impregnation or preservatives, detergents or cleaners, or in cooling or cooling lubricants (technical application solutions) as well as in the field of water purification / water treatment as well pharmaceutical, food, brewery, medical, paint, wood, Textile, cosmetic, leather, tobacco, fur, rope, paper, pulp, Plastics, fuel, oil, rubber or machinery industry.

Especially the use according to the invention is preferred for biofilm control thus in medical devices, instruments and apparatus, especially for catheters and endoscopes.

seaweed extract and / or organic isolate thereof and / or derivative thereof algae are one-to-multicellular, differently colored, primary photoautotrophic plants or photoautotrophic bacteria of mostly thallophytic organization whose gametes and spores are forming Organs are usually unicellular and possibly sheaths from sterile cells. Algae are classified according to their pigment composition in green, red, blue and brown algae.

Of the According to the invention usable algae extract is preferably according to the invention selected from extracts of brown algae, in particular of the Tribe Chromophycota (Ochrophyta), and extracts of red algae, in particular the strain Rhodophycota (Rhodophyta).

Of the Algae extract from the strain Chromophycota (Ochrophyta) is preferably selected according to the invention from algae extracts of the genus Phaeophyceae, in particular from algae extracts of the order Fucales, Laminariales, Dictyosiphonales or Desmarestiales.

Of the Algae extract of the order Fucales is according to the invention preferably selected from algae extracts of the family of Fucaceae, in particular from the genus Ascophyllum or Fucus, or the family of Cystoseiraceae, in particular from the genus Halidrys.

Of the Algae extract of the order Laminariales is according to the invention preferably selected from algae extracts of the family Laminariaceae, especially from the genus Laminaria. Algae extract from order Dictyosiphonales is preferably according to the invention selected from algae extracts of the family Striariaceae, especially from the genus Striaria. Algae extract of order Desmarestiales is according to the invention preferably selected from seaweed extracts of the family Desmarestiaceae, especially from the genus Desmarestia.

Of the Algae extract from the strain Rhodophycota (Rhodphyta) is preferably selected according to the invention from algal extracts of the class Florideophyceae, particularly preferred from the order Gigartinales, Ceramiales, Rhodymeniales, Cryptonemiales or ancestral thing.

Of the Algae extract from the order Gigartinales is inventively preferred selected from seaweed extracts of the family Gigartinaceae, in particular from the genus Chondrus, or from algae extracts of Family of Polyideaceae, especially from the genus Polyides.

Of the Algae extract from the order Ceramiales is according to the invention preferably selected from seaweed extracts of the Rhodomelaceae family, in particular from the genus Osmundea, Rhodomela or Polysiphonia, or algae extracts of the family Ceramiaceae, in particular from the genus Ceramium.

Of the Algae extract from the order Rhodymeniales is inventively preferred selected from algae extracts of the family Lomentariaceae, especially from the genus Lomentaria. The algae extract from the Order Cryptonemiales is according to the invention preferably selected from seaweed extracts of the family Kallymeniaceae, especially from the genus Callophyllis. The algae extract from the Order Ahnfeltiales is inventively preferred selected from algae extracts of the family Ahnfeltiaceae, especially from the genus Ahnfeltia.

In a preferred embodiment is a Algae extract selected from the group consisting of Ceramium rubrum, Polysiphonia sp., Polysiphonia elongata, Polysiphonia stricta, Polysiphonia nigra, Polysiphonia fucoides, Fucus serratus, Fucus vesiculosus, Polyides rotundus, Callophylis sp., Halidry's siliquosa, Rhodomela confervoides, Lomentaria clavellosa, Striaria attenuata, Ascophyllum nodosum, Osmundea truncata, Saccharins latissima (formerly Laminaria saccharina), Ahnfeltia plicata and Desmarestia aculeata.

by virtue of their surprisingly extremely low bactericidal Effect is in a particularly preferred embodiment the algae extract selected from algae extracts of the group consisting of Halidry's siliquosa, Ascophyllum nodosum, saccharin altissima, Chondrus crispus, Ahnfeltia plicata and Desmarestia aculeata.

When Extraction agents for the production of the algae extract can For example, water, alcohols, organic solvents and mixtures thereof are used. Among the alcohols are while lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and isopropanol, in particular but polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and Butylene glycol, both as the sole extractant as well as in admixture with water, preferred. In particular, you can Algae extracts based on water / propylene glycol in the ratio 1:10 to 10: 1 are used. As organic solvents For example, dichloromethane, hexane and ethyl acetate are suitable. Particularly preferred is a mixture of dichloromethane and methanol used as extractant. The steam distillation falls according to the invention among the preferred extraction methods. Optionally, the extraction may also be in the form of dry extraction respectively.

The algae extract can be used according to the invention both in pure and in diluted form. If it is used in diluted form, it usually contains about 2-80 wt .-% of active substance and as a solvent used in its extraction extractant or extractant mixture. Depending on the choice of extractants, it may be preferable to stabilize the algae extract by adding a solubilizer. Suitable solubilizers are, for. B. Ethoxylation products of optionally hydrogenated vegetable and animal oils. Preferred solubilizers are ethoxylated mono-, di- and triglycerides of C _8-22 fatty acids having from 4 to 50 ethylene oxide units, e.g. Hydrogenated ethoxylated castor oil, olive oil ethoxylate, almond oil ethoxylate, mink oil ethoxylate, polyoxyethylene glycol capryl - / - / capric acid glycerides, polyoxyethylene glycerol monolaurate and polyoxyethylene glycol coconut fatty acid glycerides.

Farther it may be preferred in the inventive Mixtures of several, especially two, different To use algae extracts.

at The organic isolate from the plant extract may be any act any adhesion-inhibiting organic component, the isolation and purification processes known from the extract by those skilled in the art isolated and then checked for effectiveness can be.

at the derivative of the algae extract and / or the organic isolate it may be any derivative of an inventive Algae extract and / or an organic isolate. The derivative can, for example, by the action of any chemical or biological agents.

Of the Algae extract, the isolate thereof or the derivative thereof are in the Compositions and materials of the invention preferably in an amount of 0.01-3.0 wt .-%, especially preferably in an amount of 0.01-1.0 wt .-%, in particular contained in an amount of 0.01-0.1 wt .-%.

microorganisms

In a preferred embodiment are among microorganisms To understand bacteria and fungi. Particularly preferred fungi are yeasts, molds, dermatophytes and keratinophilic fungi.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the use of algae extracts reduces the adhesion of bacteria, in particular the adhesion of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, in particular the adhesion of pathogenic bacteria selected from Propionibacterium acnes, Stapylococcus aureus, group A streptococci (beta hemolytic S.), S. pyogenes, Corynebacterium spp. (especially C. tenuis, C. diphtheriae, C. minutissimum), Micrococcus spp. (especially M. sedentarius), Bacillus anthracis, Neisseria meningitidis, N. gonorrhoeae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. pseudomallei, Borrelia burgdorferi, Treponema pallidum, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium spp., Escherichia coli and Streptococcus spec. (especially S. gordonii, S. mutans), Actinomyces spec. (especially A. naeslundii), Salmonella spec., Actinobacteria (especially Brachybacterium spec.), alpha-Proteobacteria (especially Agrobacterium spec.), beta-Proteobacteria (especially Nitrosomonas spec.), Aquabacterium spec., Hydrogenophaga, gamma-Proteobacteria, Stenotrophomonas spec., Xanthomonas spec. (campestris), Neisseria spec., Haemophilus spec. as well as all microorganisms released by Paster et al. (J. Bac. 183 (2001) 12, 3770-3783 ) to be discribed.

yeasts in the context of the invention are unicellular Mushrooms that multiply predominantly by budding. Yeast fungi do not represent an independent taxonomic category in the system of fungi. Systematically, most yeasts become the Assigned to Endomycetes. In addition, but also occur in different other fungi in the development cycle or under certain environmental conditions Shoot cell stages, referred to as yeast stages. Such unicellular, yeast-like budding growth forms occur in the Ascomycetes, but also with the Zygomycetes, Basidomycetes and Deuteromycetes on. All these growth forms are also according to the invention to understand yeasts.

To Another preferred embodiment is characterized by the Use of algae extracts the attachment of human pathogens Mushrooms diminished. For example, the human pathogenic species are the Mushrooms from the classes Ascomycota, Basidomycota, Deuteromycota and Zygomycota, especially the human pathogens Forms of candida.

The Human pathogenic Candida species also colonize healthy people Skin and mucous membranes. With strong proliferation of the fungal cells, z. B. after damage to the bacterial mucosal flora by antibiotics, but they cause local inflammation, which are also referred to as Thrush. In particular, these occur in the Oral and genital area (so-called oral or vaginal thrush). Also known are skin and Windelsoor. The mucous membrane is red, it shows lesions, a white coating and Itching occur.

To Another preferred embodiment is the adhesion of fungi of the species Rhodotorula spp., Cryptococcus spp., Exophilia spp., Hormoconis spp. reduced.

Especially According to the invention, the adhesion of the medically relevant forms of Candida diminished, for example C. albicans, C. boidinii, C. catenulata, C. ciferii, C. dubliniensis, C. glabrata, C. guilliermondii, C. haemulonii, C. kefyr, C. krusei, C. lipolytica, C. lusitaniae, C. norvegensis, C. parapsilosis, C. pulcherrima, C. rugosa, C. tropicalis, C. utilis, C. viswanathii. Particularly preferred are C. albicans, C. stellatoidea, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis. The mycelial form of Candida is considered as a human pathogenic form of the fungus. A reduction the adhesion of Candida, for example, to textiles or plastics reduces the risk of reinfection without the formation of resistance to increase.

Under Molds are in accordance with the present invention to understand such fungi that are their habitat in the soil, at and / or feed or in concentrated nutrient solutions have a typical mycelium and their nutrients gain organic substances that decompose (saprobiontische or saprophytic lifestyle). Furthermore, they multiply predominantly asexually by spores (in particular sporangiospores or Conidia) and form, if at all, only very small sexual ones Reproductive organs.

To are for example species from the classes Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Deuteromycota and Zygomycota, in particular all Species of the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium and Mucor as well as Stachybotrys, Phoma, Alternaria, Aureobasidium, Ulocladium, Epicoccum, Stemphyllium, Paecilomyces, Trichoderma, Scopulariopsis, Wallemia, Botrytis, Verticillium and Chaetonium.

To the Ascomycota belong here in particular all species of the Genera Aspergillus, Penicillium and Cladosporium. These mushrooms Spores form when in contact with the skin or the respiratory tract have a strong allergenic potential. To the For example, Basidomycota includes Cryptococcus neoformans. Deuteromycota are all genera known as molds to count, especially those caused by the absence of a sexual stage not the classes Ascomycota, Basidiomycota or Zygomycota be assigned.

seaweed extracts are especially preferred for reducing the adhesion of all species the genus Aspergillus on surfaces suitable, especially preferably the species selected from Aspergillus aculeatus, Aspergillus albus, Aspergillus alliaceus, Aspergillus asperescens, Aspergillus awamori, Aspergillus candidus, Aspergillus carbonarius, Aspergillus carneus, Aspergillus chevalieri, Aspergillus chevalieri var. intermedius, Aspergillus clavatus, Aspergillus ficuum, Aspergillus flavipes, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus foetidus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus giganteus, Aspergillus humicola, Aspergillus intermedius, Aspergillus japonicus, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus niveus, Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus ostianus, Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus parasiticus var. globosus, Aspergillus penicillioides, Aspergillus phoenicis, Aspergillus rugulosus, Aspergillus sclerotiorum, Aspergillus sojae var. gymnosardae, Aspergillus sydowi, Aspergillus tamarii, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus terricola, Aspergillus toxicarius, Aspergillus unguis, Aspergillus ustus, Aspergillus versicolor, Aspergillus vitricolae and Aspergillus wentii. Particularly preferred is the adhesion of Aspergillus flavus and Apsergillus nidulans are reduced or substantially eliminated completely prevented.

Under keratinophilic fungi are to be understood as those skin and / or hair fungi in horny skin and its appendages (especially hair and / or nails) grow. In particular, including dermatophytes and to understand all species of the genus Malassezia. Under dermatophytes are in particular all species according to the invention of the genera Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton.

Of the keratinophilic fungus Malassezia, a yeast fungus, is considered to be the causative agent of Increased dandruff of the skin, for example on the head (Dandruff). In addition, this organism is triggered considered the skin disease Pityriasis versicolor. Especially It is therefore advantageous to the adhesion of Malassezia, in particular species of M. furfur (also known as Pityrosporum ovale), M. pachydermatis, M. sympodialis and / or M. globosa reduce or substantially prevent.

According to a preferred embodiment, the keratinophilic fungi are selected from Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, T. asteroids, T. concentrium, T. equinum, T. meginii, T. gallinae, T. tonsurans, T. schoenleinii, T. terrestre, T. verrucosum, T. violaceum, Microsporum canis, Microsporum audounii, M. gyp seum, Epidermophyton flossocum, Malassezia furfur, M. sympodialis, M. globosa and M. pachydermatis.

According to one Another embodiment is by the use of Algae extracts the attachment of algae, human, animal and / or phytopathogenic viruses and bacteriophages reduced, wherein especially the reduction of the adhesion of green and blue algae on facades and building materials is relevant. The relevant representatives The blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria) are from the genera Anabaena, Anacystis, z. Anacystis montana, Gloeocapsa, Lyngbia, Nostoc, Oscillatoria, z. Oscillatoria lutea, Phormidium, Schiszothrix and Scytonema. Genera of green algae (Chlorophyta) are for example Chlorella, Choricystis, Chlamydomonas, Chlorococcum, Stingococcus, especially Stichcoccus bacillaris, Ulothrix and Trentepholia, esp. Trentepholia odorata.

According to the invention Accordingly, in particular, the attachment of algae, in particular the above, on surfaces especially in very damp rooms and aquariums, but also on such surfaces, which are exposed to the weather, such. B. building materials, including in particular sealants or sealants, by use be reduced by algae extracts.

microorganisms which are particularly relevant to biofilm formation, and whose adhesion is particularly preferably reduced, for example Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas salmonicida, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Burkholderia cepacia, Chromobacterium violaceum, Enterobacter agglomerans, Erwinia carotovora, Erwinia chrysanthemi, Escherichia coli, Nitrosomona europaea, Obesumbacterium proteus, Pantoea stewartii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas aureofaciens, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas syringae, Ralstonia solanacearum, Rhizobium etli, Rhizobium leguminosarum, Rhodobacter sphaeroides, Salmonella enterica, Serratia liquefaciens, Vibrio anguillarum, Vibrio fischeri, Xenorhabdus nematophilus, Yersinia enterolytica, Yersinia pestis, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia ruckeri and pseudomonads, in particular P. aeruginosa, Burkholderia cepacia, Serratia, Rhizobium, E. coli, Aquabacterium and Xanthomonas.

In In a particularly preferred embodiment, the adhesion and / or the biofilm formation of marine bacteria, in particular selected from Zooshikella gangwhensis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Cythophaga sp. KT0803, Psychrobacter glacinola, Pseudoalteromonas carragenovora, Shewanella baltica and Bacillus subtilis and / or pathogenic Bacteria, in particular selected from Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Preferred items

preferred Articles of the present invention are textiles, Furs, paper, furs, leather and packaging, especially those for food, especially preferred items are filter media, building materials and building aids that help reduce the adhesion of microorganisms to surface algae extracts, in particular those previously highlighted as preferred, or a organic isolate thereof or a derivative thereof, with these are coated and / or equipped with them were.

The Equipment of packaging, surfaces, textiles, Furs, skins, paper or leather are known in the art Way, for example by immersion in a suitably concentrated Solution of a composition according to the invention or by spraying with such a solution. For example, works of art on paper, parchment, Wood and / or canvas from infestation by microorganisms, in particular Mold, protected or freed from this. The equipment of filter media, building materials or building aids For example, by applying or by mechanical Incorporation of the algae extract or a suitably concentrated Solution of the algae extract on or in the filter media, Building materials or building aids. The seaweed extract can be so in the concerned Materials before use mechanically, for. B. by stirring, or he can alternatively already during the preparation of the materials are incorporated into this.

Preferably are the invention equipped Building materials or building aids selected under adhesive, Sealants, fillers and paints, plastics, varnishes, Paints, plaster, mortar, screed, concrete, insulating materials as well as primers. Particularly preferred building materials or building aids are jointing compounds (eg silicone-containing jointing compounds), Wallpaper paste, plaster, carpet fixer, silicone glue, tile adhesive.

sealants and in particular jointing compounds typically contain organic polymers and in many cases mineral or organic fillers and other additives.

Suitable polymers are for example thermoplastic elastomers, as in DE 3602526 described, preferably polyurethanes and acrylates. Suitable polymers are also in the published patent applications DE 3726547 . DE 4029504 and DE 4009095 as in DE 19704553 and DE 4233077 to which reference is hereby incorporated by reference.

The Sealants according to the invention (sealants or sealant mixtures) preferably contain 0.001-3.0 % By weight algae extract. Particularly preferred amounts are between 0.01 and 1.0% by weight.

According to the invention, the equipment of the sealants according to the invention can be carried out both in the uncured or cured at 60 ° C state. Sealants are in accordance with the invention materials according to DIN EN 26927 , in particular those which cure plastically or elastically as sealants. The sealants of the invention can all typical for the corresponding sealants additives such. Example, typical thickeners, reinforcing fillers, crosslinkers, crosslinking catalysts, pigments, adhesives or other volume extender. The application or introduction of the algae extract can be achieved by dispersing in a manner known to those skilled in the art, for. B. by the use of dispersing, kneader, planetary mixer, etc., with the exclusion of moisture and oxygen both in the finished and in parts of these sealants or together with one or more components of the sealants.

Even the treatment of already cured, crosslinked sealant surfaces can by applying solutions or suspensions of the Substance used according to the invention be by the drug by swelling or diffusion in the Sealant is transported.

Sealants which can be used according to the invention can be produced both on silicone, urethane and on acrylic base or about on MS polymer basis. Urethane-based sealants are, for example, in Ullmann's Encyclopaedia of Industrial Chemistry (8th Edition 2003, Chapter 4) such as US 4,417,042 disclosed. Silicone sealants are known in the art, for example. From the EP 0 118 030 A . EP 0 316 591 A . EP 0 327 847 A . EP 0 553 143 A . DE 195 49 425 A and US 4,417,042 , Examples of acrylic sealants include in the WO 01/09249 or the US 5,077,360 disclosed. Examples of MS polymer-based sealants are described, for example, in US Pat EP 0 824 574 . US 3,971,751 . US 4,960,844 . US 3,979,344 . US 3,632,557 . DE 4029504 . EP 601,021 or the EP 370 464 disclosed.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the jointing compound is a silicone-based jointing compound, in particular selected from acetate, alkoxy, oxime, benzamide and amine silicones. The Fungedichtungsmasse contains preferably as polyorganosiloxanes and as organosilicon compounds with hydrolyzable groups compounds such as those in the patent US 5,378,406 are described in the amounts specified therein, the relevant disclosure of which is hereby made the subject of this patent application.

In particular, at room temperature crosslinking systems, such as. In the EP 0 327 847 or US 5,077,360 described, preferred. These may be single-component or multi-component systems, it being possible for catalyst and crosslinker to be present separately in the multicomponent systems (for example disclosed in the patents US 4,891,400 and US 5,502,144 ), or other so-called silicone RVT 2K systems, in particular platinum-free systems.

Particular preference is given to so-called one-component systems which contain all ingredients for the construction of a sealant, are stored with the conclusion of atmospheric moisture and / or atmospheric oxygen and cure on site under reaction with atmospheric oxygen and / or atmospheric moisture. Particularly preferred are the so-called silicone neutral systems, in which the reaction of crosslinking agents with the water of the ambient air does not lead to corrosive, acidic, basic or odor-intensive cleavage products. Examples of such systems are in the DE 195 49 425 , of the US 4,417,042 or the EP 0 327 847 disclosed.

The Sealants and in particular jointing compounds can aqueous or organic solvents contain. The organic solvents are hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane, toluene or xylene or petroleum ether in question. Other solvents include ketones such as methyl butyl ketone or chlorinated hydrocarbons.

Furthermore, the sealants may contain other rubbery polymers. Here are relatively low molecular weight, commercially available types of polyisobutylene, polyisoprene or polybutadiene enstyrene in question. The concomitant use of degraded natural rubber or neoprene rubber is possible. Here, even at room temperature still flowable types can be used, which are often referred to as "liquid rubber".

The inventive sealing compounds can be used to different materials with each other to connect or seal. Here is primarily to use on concrete, on glass, on plaster and / or enamel as well as ceramics and Porcelain thought. But also the joining or sealing of molded parts or profiles made of aluminum, steel, zinc or even of plastics such as PVC or polyurethanes or acrylic resins is possible. Finally, the sealing of wood or wood materials mentioned with a variety of other materials.

The Stability of jointing compounds is usually through Addition of finely divided solids - also fillers called - scored. These can be in such organic and distinguish such inorganic type. As inorganic fillers For example, silica / silica (coated or uncoated), chalk - coated or uncoated - and / or Zeolites are preferred. The latter can also as Desiccant act. As organic filler comes z. As PVC powder into consideration. The fillers carry in the general essential to the fact that the sealant after the Application possesses a necessary internal support, allowing leakage or Ausbuchten the sealant from vertical joints prevented becomes. The above additives or fillers can be in pigments and thixotropic fillers, also shortened classified as thixotropic agent.

When Thixotropic agents are the known thixotropic agents such as bentones, kaolins or organic compounds such as hydrogenated Castor oil or derivatives thereof with polyfunctional amines or the reaction products of stearic acid or ricinoleic acid with ethylenediamine. As particularly favorable has the concomitant use of silicic acid, especially of silicic acid proved from the pyrolysis. Also come as thixotropic agents Substantially swellable polymer powder into consideration. Examples are polyacrylonitrile, polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, Polyacrylic acid esters, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl acetates and the corresponding copolymers. Especially good results can be obtained with finely divided polyvinyl chloride powder. Next The thixotropic agents can also be used in addition adhesion promoters such as mercaptoalkylsilane. Here it is useful proved to use a Monomercaptoalkyltrialkoxysilan. commercially is, for example, the mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane.

The Properties of a jointing compound can be further developed improve when the plastic powder used as thixotropic agent additional components are added. These are substances under the category of plastics used Plasticizers or swelling agents and swelling aids fall.

It come z. As plasticizers, in particular for the sealants based on urethane or acrylic from the class of phthalic acid esters into consideration. Examples of applicable compounds This class of substances are dioctyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate and Benzyl butyl phthalate. Further suitable substance classes are chloroparaffins, Alkylsulfonsäureester about the phenols or cresols and Fatty acid ester.

For the silicone sealants are silicone oils as plasticizers, particularly preferred polydimethylsiloxanes, and hydrocarbons and / or mixtures thereof, especially hydrocarbons or their mixtures having a boiling point of greater 200 ° C, especially greater 230 ° C, well suited.

When Swelling aids are such low molecular weight organic substances can be used, which is miscible with the polymer powder and the plasticizer are. Such source aids can be submitted to the relevant plastic and polymer manuals for those skilled in the art. As preferred swelling aids for polyvinyl chloride powder serve esters, ketones, aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic Hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons with alkyl substituents.

When Pigments and dyes are used for these purposes known substances such as titanium dioxide, iron oxides and carbon black used

To improve the storage stability known stabilizers such as benzoyl chloride, acetyl chloride, Toluolsulfonsäuremethylester, carbodiimides and / or polycarbodiimides are added to the sealants. As particularly good stabilizers, olefins having 8 to 20 carbon atoms have been found. In addition to the stabilizing effect, these can also fulfill the tasks of plasticizers or swelling agents. Preference is given to olefins having 8 to 18 carbon atoms, especially when the double bond in the 1,2-position is arranged. Best results are obtained when the molecular structure of these stabilizers is linear.

By the inventive use of algae extracts for reducing the adhesion of micro-organisms, in particular from molds to surfaces, you bypass the problem the formation of resistance due to biocidal agents. In the application in mold-prone construction and building materials, in particular in sealants and more preferably in jointing compounds are caused by the reduction of the adhesion of molds Surfaces achieved several desirable effects: it will be discoloration by pigmented molds Prevents the propagation of mold is delayed and the allergen load is reduced.

A another preferred embodiment of the present invention are wallpaper adhesive containing preferably 0.000001 to 3 wt .-% Seaweed extract. The wallpaper adhesives may be wallpaper paste from aqueous solutions of hydrocolloids such as Methylcellulose, methylhydroxypropylcellulose or water-soluble Starch derivatives or about aqueous dispersions of film-forming high molecular weight such as polyvinyl acetate, in particular in connection with the already mentioned cellulose and Starch derivatives, act.

When Filter media can be used in all known types, as long as they are suitable for use in water or air filtration systems, especially for air conditioners or room humidifiers, are suitable. In particular, filter materials are made of cellulose, Glass fibers, PVC fibers, polyester fibers, polyamide fibers, in particular Nylon fibers, nonwovens, sintered materials and membrane filters too call.

The Concentration of to reduce the adhesion of micro-organisms algae extract to be used on surfaces in the inventive Means can be varied by the skilled person in a wide range depending on the conditions of use of the funds.

The agents according to the invention are customary and recipes known to those skilled in the art. The algae extract can be added to both ready-made agents, but also added during the manufacturing process become.

Detergents and cleaners

One Another object of the present invention is the use of at least one algae extract and / or an organic isolate from it and / or a derivative thereof in detergents and / or cleaning agents for reducing the adhesion of microorganisms to them Detergents and / or cleaning agents treated articles.

Such Detergents and cleaners can be used without polluting the wastewater contain relatively small amounts of algae extract. Being in concentrated Form used and to the corresponding effective concentrations to be diluted in the wash liquor, the active ingredients must be used in accordance with higher concentration. Common are dilutions of detergents and cleaners with water between 1:40 and 1: 200.

Of the According to the invention, algae extract can also be used for cleaning agents, for cleaning hard surfaces, such as of floors, tiles, tiles, plastics and others hard surfaces in the household, in public sanitary facilities, in swimming pools, saunas, sports facilities or in doctor's or massage practices.

Next the pathogenic microorganisms (especially fungi and bacteria) in particular Pseudomonas aeruginosa on such surfaces, Salmonella spec., Actinobacteria (especially Brachybacterium spec.), alpha proteobacteria (especially Agrobacterium spec.), beta proteobacteria (especially Nitrosomonas spec., Aquabacterium spec., Hydrogenophaga) or gamma-proteobacteria (in particular Stenotrophomonas spec., Xanthomonas spec (campestris)).

In the context of the invention, detergents and cleaners in the broadest sense are surfactant-containing preparations in solid form (particles, powders, etc.), semi-solid form (pastes, etc.), liquid form (solutions, emulsions, suspensions, gels, etc.) and gas-like form. Aerosols, etc.), which may contain any type of surfactant, with regard to a beneficial effect in the application, usually in addition to other components that are customary for the particular application. Examples of such surfactant-containing preparations are surfactant-containing detergent preparations, surfactant-containing Hard surface cleaners, or surfactant-containing softening preparations, each of which may be solid or liquid, but which may also be in a form comprising solid and liquid components or subsets of the components side by side.

The Detergents and cleaners can usually contained ingredients, such as anionic, nonionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactants, inorganic and organic builders, special Polymers (for example those with co-builder properties), foam inhibitors, Dyes and, if necessary, additional fragrances (perfumes), bleaching agents (such as peroxo bleach and chlorine bleach), Bleach activators, bleach stabilizers, bleach catalysts, enzymes and grayness inhibitors, without affecting the ingredients on these Substance groups are limited. Often important Ingredients of these preparations also washing aids, for the exemplary and non-limiting optical brighteners, UV protection substances, so-called Soil Repellents, ie polymers, the one Counteract the re-soiling of fibers. The individual substance groups will be described in more detail below explained.

For the case that the preparations at least partly as a shaped body can also be present binding and disintegration aids be included.

in der R¹ für einen geradkettigen oder verzweigten, gesättigten oder ein- bzw. mehrfach ungesättigten C_6-24-Alkyl- oder -Alkenylrest steht; jede Gruppe R² bzw. R³ unabhängig voneinander ausgewählt ist aus -CH₃; -CH₂CH₃, -CH₂CH₂-CH₃, CH(CH₃)₂ und die Indizes w, x, y, z unabhängig voneinander für ganze Zahlen von 1 bis 6 stehen. Diese lassen sich durch bekannte Methoden aus den entsprechenden Alkoholen R¹-OH und Ethylen- bzw. Alkylenoxid herstellen. Der Rest R¹ in der vorstehenden Formel kann je nach Herkunft des Alkohols variieren. Werden native Quellen genutzt, weist der Rest R¹ eine gerade Anzahl von Kohlenstoffatomen auf und ist in der Regel unverzeigt, wobei die linearen Resten aus Alkoholen nativen Ursprungs mit 12 bis 18 C-Atomen, z. B. aus Kokos-, Palm-, Talgfett- oder Oleylalkohol, bevorzugt sind. Aus synthetischen Quellen zugängliche Alkohole sind beispielsweise die Guerbetalkohole oder in 2-Stellung methylverzweigte bzw. lineare und methylverzweigte Reste im Gemisch, so wie sie üblicherweise in Oxoalkoholresten vorliegen. Unanbhängig von der Art des zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäß in den Mitteln enthaltenen nicht-ionischen Tensiden eingesetzten Alkohols sind erfindungsgemäße Mittel bevorzugt, bei denen R¹ in der vorstehenden Formel für einen Alkylrest mit 6 bis 24, vorzugsweise 8 bis 20, besonders bevorzugt 9 bis 15 und insbesondere 9 bis 11 Kohlenstoffatomen steht. Als Alkylenoxideinheit, die alternierend zur Ethylenoxideinheit in den Niotensiden enthalten sein kann, kommt neben Propylenoxid insbesondere Butylenoxid in Betracht. Aber auch weitere Alkylenoxide, bei denen R² bzw. R³ unabhängig voneinander ausgewählt sind aus -CH₂CH₂-CH₃ bzw. CH(CH₃)₂, sind geeignet.As nonionic surfactants are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated or propoxylated, in particular primary alcohols having preferably 8 to 22 carbon atoms, in particular 8 to 18 carbon atoms, and an average of 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 12 moles of alkylene oxide, more preferably 5 to 15 Mol alkylene oxide, preferably ethylene oxide (EO), per mole of alcohol used, in which the alcohol radical can be linear or preferably methyl-branched in the 2-position or linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture, as they are usually present in Oxoalkoholresten. In particular, however, alcohol ethoxylates with linear radicals of alcohols of native origin having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for. From coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and on average from 2 to 8 EO or from 5 to 15 EO per mole of alcohol. The preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C _12-14 alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C _9-11 alcohols with 7 EO, C _13-15 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C _12-18 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures of these, such as mixtures of C _12-14 -alcohol with 3 EO and C _12-18 -alcohol with 5 EO. The degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical means which, for a particular product, may be an integer or a fractional number. Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE). In addition to these nonionic surfactants, fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples include tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO. Further suitable nonionic surfactants are substances which are commonly known to the person skilled in the art as nonionic emulsifiers. The nonionic surfactants in this sense contain as hydrophilic group z. Example, a polyol group, a polyether group, a polyamine or a polyamide group or a combination of said groups. Such compounds include C ₈ -C ₂₂ alkyl mono- and oligoglycosides and their ethoxylated analogs, addition products of 2 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide and / or 0 to 10, especially 0 to 5 moles of propylene oxide with linear fatty alcohols having 8 to 22 carbon atoms , fatty acids having 12 to 22 carbon atoms and alkylphenols having 8 to 15 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, C ₁₂ -C ₂₂ fatty acid mono- and diesters of addition products of 1 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide to glycerol and addition products of 5 to 60 moles of ethylene oxide with castor oil and with hardened castor oil. Low-foaming nonionic surfactants may also be used which have alternating ethylene oxide and alkylene oxide units. Among these, in turn, surfactants with EO-AO-EO-AO blocks are preferred, wherein in each case one to ten EO or AO groups are bonded to each other before a block of the other groups follows. Examples of these are surfactants of the general formula

in which R ^{1 is} a straight-chain or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated C _6-24 alkyl or alkenyl radical; each group R ² or R ^{3 is} independently selected from -CH ₃ ; -CH ₂ CH ₃ , -CH ₂ CH ₂ -CH ₃ , CH (CH ₃ ) ₂ and the indices w, x, y, z independently of one another are integers from 1 to 6. These can be prepared by known methods from the corresponding alcohols R ¹ -OH and ethylene or alkylene oxide. The radical R ¹ in the above formula may vary depending on the origin of the alcohol. When native sources are used, the radical R ^{1 has} an even number of carbon atoms and is usually undisplayed, the linear radicals being selected from alcohols of native origin having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, eg. B. from coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, are preferred. Alcohols which are accessible from synthetic sources are, for example, the Guerbet alcohols or methyl-branched or linear and methyl-branched radicals in the 2-position, as they are usually present in oxo alcohol radicals. Irrespective of the nature of the nonionic surfactants present in the compositions for the preparation of the invention Alcohol used according to the invention are preferred agents in which R ¹ in the above formula is an alkyl radical having 6 to 24, preferably 8 to 20, particularly preferably 9 to 15 and in particular 9 to 11 carbon atoms. As the alkylene oxide unit which may be contained in the nonionic surfactants in an alternating manner with the ethylene oxide unit, in particular butylene oxide is considered in addition to propylene oxide. But also other alkylene oxides in which R ² or R ^{3 are} independently selected from -CH ₂ CH ₂ -CH ₃ or CH (CH ₃ ) ₂ , are suitable.

Further suitable nonionic surfactants nonionic block copolymers in question as they are, for example, in WO 00/12660 which is incorporated herein by reference. These may be, for example, AB, AA'B, ABB ', ABA' or BAB 'block copolymers, where A and A' are a hydrophilic block and B and B 'are a hydrophobic block. The blocks A and A 'may, for example, be independent of each other of a polyalkylene oxide, in particular a polypropylene oxide or polyethylene oxide, polyvinylpyridine, polyvinyl alcohol, polymethyl vinyl ether, polyvinylpyrrolidine or a polysaccharide. The blocks B and B 'may independently of one another be, for example, an optionally substituted alkyl radical which can be obtained, for example, by polymerization of units selected from the group consisting of 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, all constitutants of dimethylbutadiene, 1, 3-pentadiene, 2,4-hexadiene, α-methylstyrene, isobutylene, ethylene, propylene or styrene or mixtures thereof. The molecular weights of blocks A, A ', B and B' are preferably independently from 500 to 50,000 g / mol. According to the invention, at least one of the blocks A and A 'is preferably an alkylene oxide.

A another class of preferred nonionic surfactants, the either as the sole nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, in particular Fatty acid methyl ester.

In addition, as nonionic surfactants and alkyl glycosides of the general formula RO (G) _x can be used in which R is a primary straight-chain or methyl-branched, especially in the 2-position methyl-branched aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms and G represents a glycose unit having 5 or 6 C atoms, preferably glucose. The degree of oligomerization x, which indicates the distribution of monoglycosides and oligoglycosides, is any number between 1 and 10; preferably x is 1.2 to 1.4. Nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type, for example N-cocoalkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallowalkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the fatty acid alkanolamides may also be suitable.

in der RCO für einen aliphatischen Acylrest mit 6 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen, R¹ für Wasserstoff, einen Alkyl- oder Hydroxyalkylrest mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen und [Z] für einen linearen oder verzweigten Polyhydroxyalkylrest mit 3 bis 10 Kohlenstoffatomen und 3 bis 10 Hydroxylgruppen steht. Bei den Polyhydroxyfettsäureamiden handelt es sich um bekannte Stoffe, die üblicherweise durch reduktive Aminierung eines reduzierenden Zuckers mit Ammoniak, einem Alkylamin oder einem Alkanolamin und nachfolgende Acylierung mit einer Fettsäure, einem Fettsäurealkylester oder einem Fettsäurechlorid erhalten werden können.Further suitable surfactants are polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the following formula

wherein RCO is an aliphatic acyl group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R ^{1 is} hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and [Z] is a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups. The polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known substances which can usually be obtained by reductive amination of a reducing sugar with ammonia, an alkylamine or an alkanolamine and subsequent acylation with a fatty acid, a fatty acid alkyl ester or a fatty acid chloride.

in der R für einen linearen oder verzweigten Alkyl- oder Alkenylrest mit 7 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatomen, R¹ für einen linearen, verzweigten oder cyclischen Alkylrest oder einen Arylrest mit 2 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen und R² für einen linearen, verzweigten oder cyclischen Alkylrest oder einen Arylrest oder einen Oxy-Alkylrest mit 1 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen steht, wobei C_1-4-Alkyl- oder Phenylreste bevorzugt sind und [Z] für einen linearen Polyhydroxyalkylrest steht, dessen Alkylkette mit mindestens zwei Hydroxylgruppen substituiert ist, oder alkoxylierte, vorzugsweise ethoxylierte oder propoxylierte Derivate dieses Restes.The group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides also includes compounds of the formula

in the R is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, R ^{1 is} a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and R ^{2 is} a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical or an oxyalkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, with C _1-4 alkyl or phenyl radicals being preferred and [Z] being a linear polyhydroxyalkyl radical whose alkyl chain is substituted by at least two hydroxyl groups, or alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated Derivatives of this residue.

[Z] is preferably by reductive amination of a reduced sugar obtained, for example, glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, Mannose or xylose. The N-alkoxy or N-aryloxy-substituted Compounds can then be converted by reaction with fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of an alkoxide as a catalyst in the desired Polyhydroxyfatty acid amides are transferred.

Further usable nonionic surfactants are the end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) surfactants of the formula R ¹ O [CH ₂ CH (R ³ ) O] _x [CH ₂ ] _k CH (OH) [CH ₂ ] _j OR ² in which R ¹ and R ^{2 are} linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R ^{3 is} H or a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n- Butyl, 2-butyl or 2-methyl-2-butyl radical, x are values between 1 and 30, k and j are values between 1 and 12, preferably between 1 and 5. If the value x ≥ 2, each R ³ in the above formula may be different. R ¹ and R ² are preferably linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, with radicals having 8 to 18 carbon atoms being particularly preferred. For the radical R ³ , H, -CH ₃ or -CH ₂ CH _{3 are} particularly preferred. Particularly preferred values for x are in the range from 1 to 20, in particular from 6 to 15.

The hydroxy groups of the abovementioned hydroxyl-bearing nonionic surfactants may, according to the invention, also be partially or completely etherified or esterified in a particular embodiment. In this case, in particular, an ether bond to a C _1-6 -alkyl group, preferably to a methyl, ethyl, iso-propyl or tert-butyl group, may be present. Among the ester bonds, those to a C _1-6 alkanecarboxylic acid, in particular to acetic acid or maleic acid, are preferred.

In In a preferred embodiment, the nonionic Surfactants used in carrier-bound form. As a carrier come here in particular molecules in question, the one covalent bond and / or an intercalating bond of the nonionic Enable surfactants. As examples of the first Type of carriers are macromolecular molecules with acidity called the bonding of hydroxy groups containing non-ionic surfactants in the form of ester bonds. As examples of the second type of carriers are called cage molecules called the uptake allow the nonionic surfactants in the cage structure.

When Esters of nonionic surfactants are preferably those with Silicas used. The production of silicic acid esters succeeds in particular by simple transesterification of silicic acid esters or Oligokieselsäureestern lower alcohols with the nonionic Surfactants. Depending on the reaction time and conditions become the lower Cleaved alcohols and bound the desired agents, whereby the alcohols are more easily exchanged along the Si-O-Si chain be considered the terminal alcohols.

The nonionic surfactants and / or their carrier-bound Shapes are inventively preferably in Amounts up to 20 wt .-%, more preferably in amounts between 0.001 and 3 wt .-%, especially in amounts between 0.01 and 1.5 wt .-% used.

As anionic surfactants, for example, those of the sulfonate type and sulfates are used. Suitable surfactants of the sulfonate type are preferably C _9-13 -alkylbenzenesulfonates, olefinsulfonates, ie mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkanesulfonates and disulfonates, such as, for example, from C _12-18 -monoolefins with terminal or internal double bond by sulfonating with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acidic hydrolysis of the sulfonation obtained. Also suitable are alkanesulfonates which are obtained from C _12-18 alkanes, for example by sulfochlorination or sulfoxidation with subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization. Likewise, the esters of 2-sulfo fatty acids (ester sulfonates), z. For example, the 2-sulfonated methyl esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids suitable.

Further Suitable anionic surfactants are sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters. Among fatty acid glycerol esters are the mono-, di- and triesters as well as their mixtures, as they are in the production by esterification from a monoglycerol with 1 to 3 moles of fatty acid or at the transesterification of triglycerides with 0.3 to 2 moles of glycerol become. Preferred sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters are while the sulfonation of saturated fatty acids with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, for example caproic acid, Caprylic acid, capric acid, myristic acid, Lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid or behenic acid.

Alk (en) ylsulfates are the alkali metal salts and in particular the sodium salts of the sulfuric monoesters of C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ fatty alcohols, for example coconut fatty alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol or the C ₁₀ -C ₂₀ oxo alcohols and those half-esters of secondary alcohols of these chain lengths are preferred. Also preferred are alk (en) ylsulfates of said chain length, which contain a synthetic, produced on a petrochemical basis straight-chain alkyl radical, which have an analogous degradation behavior as the adequate compounds based on oleochemical raw materials. In washing and cleaning agents, the C ₁₂ -C ₁₆ alkyl sulfates and C ₁₂ -C ₁₅ alkyl sulfates and C ₁₄ -C ₁₅ alkyl sulfates are preferred. Also 2,3-alkyl sulfates, which, for example, according to the U.S. Patents 3,234,258 or 5,075,041 are manufactured and can be obtained as commercial products from Shell Oil Company under the name DAN ^®, are suitable anionic surfactants.

The sulfuric acid monoesters of straight-chain or branched C _7-21 -alcohols ethoxylated with from 1 to 6 mol of ethylene oxide, such as 2-methyl-branched C _9-11- alcohols having on average 3.5 mol of ethylene oxide (EO) or C _12-18 . Fatty alcohols with 1 to 4 EO are suitable. Due to their high foaming behavior, they are only used in detergents and cleaners in relatively small amounts, for example in amounts of from 1 to 5% by weight.

Further suitable anionic surfactants are also the salts of alkylsulfosuccinic acid, which are also referred to as sulfosuccinates or as sulfosuccinic acid esters, and the monoesters and / or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols and in particular ethoxylated fatty alcohols. Preferred sulfosuccinates contain C _8-18 fatty alcohol residues or mixtures of these. Particularly preferred sulfosuccinates contain a fatty alcohol residue derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols, which in themselves constitute nonionic surfactants (see description below). Sulfosuccinates, whose fatty alcohol residues are derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols with a narrow homolog distribution, are again particularly preferred. Likewise, it is also possible to use alk (en) ylsuccinic acid having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alk (en) yl chain or salts thereof.

When other anionic surfactants are especially soaps into consideration. Suitable are saturated fatty acid soaps, such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, Stearic acid, hydrogenated erucic acid and behenic acid and in particular from natural fatty acids, z. As coconut, palm kernel or tallow, derived Soap mixtures.

The anionic surfactants including soaps can in the form of their sodium, potassium or ammonium salts and as soluble Salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or triethanolamine, are present. Preference is given to the sodium or potassium salts, in particular the sodium salts. The surfactants may also be in the form of their magnesium salts be used.

in the Within the scope of the present invention, such agents are preferred. the 5 to 50 wt .-%, preferably 7.5 to 40 wt .-% and in particular 15 to 25 wt .-% of one or more anionic surfactant (s) included.

Farther It may be preferred, in addition to anionic and nonionic surfactants also to use cationic surfactants.

When Fabric softening substances are in particular cationic surfactants to call. Examples of cationic surfactants are especially quaternary Ammonium compounds, cationic polymers and emulsifiers.

wobei in (IV) R^a und R^b für einen acyclischen Alkylrest mit 12 bis 24 Kohlenstoffatomen, R^c für einen gesättigten C₁-C₄ Alkyl- oder Hydroxyalkylrest steht, R^d entweder gleich R^a, R^b oder R^c ist oder für einen aromatischen Rest steht. X^– steht entweder für ein Halogenid-, Metho-sulfat-, Methophosphat- oder Phosphation sowie Mischungen aus diesen. Beispiele für kationische Verbindungen der Formel (III) sind Didecyldimethylammoniumchlorid, Ditalgdimethylammoniumchlorid oder Dihexadecylammoniumchlorid.Suitable examples are quaternary ammonium compounds of the formulas (III) and (IV)

wherein in (IV) R ^a and R ^{b is} an acyclic alkyl radical having 12 to 24 carbon atoms, R ^{c is} a saturated C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical, R ^{d is} either R ^a , R ^b or R ^c is or represents an aromatic radical. X ^- is either a halide, methosulfate, methophosphate or phosphate ion and mixtures thereof. Examples of cationic compounds of the formula (III) are didecyldimethylammonium chloride chloride, ditallowdimethylammonium chloride or dihexadecylammonium chloride.

Compounds of formula (IV) are so-called ester quats. Esterquats are characterized by excellent biodegradability. Here R ^{e is} an aliphatic acyl radical having 12 to 22 carbon atoms with 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds; R ^f is H, OH or O (CO) R ^h , R ^g is independently of R ^{f is} H, OH or O (CO) R ⁱ , wherein R ^h and R ⁱ are each independently an aliphatic acyl radical having 12 to 22 carbon atoms with 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds. m, n and p can each independently be 1, 2 or 3. X ^- may be either a halide, methosulfate, methophosphate or phosphate ion, as well as mixtures of these. Preference is given to compounds which contain the group O (CO) R ^h for R ^f and for R ^c and R ^h contain alkyl radicals having 16 to 18 carbon atoms. Particularly preferred are compounds in which R ^{g is} also OH. Examples of compounds of the formula (IV) are methyl N- (2-hydroxyethyl) -N, N-di (tallowacyl oxyethyl) ammonium methosulfate, bis (palmitoyl) ethylhydroxyethyl methyl ammonium methosulfate or methyl N , N-bis (acyloxyethyl) -N- (2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium methosulfate. If quaternized compounds of the formula (IV) which have unsaturated alkyl chains are used, the acyl groups whose corresponding fatty acids have an iodine number between 5 and 80, preferably between 10 and 60 and in particular between 15 and 45 and which have a cis / trans isomer ratio are preferred (in wt .-%) of greater than 30:70, preferably greater than 50:50 and in particular greater than 70:30 have. Commercial examples are sold by Stepan under the name Stepantex® ^® methylhydroxyalkyldialkoyloxyalkylammonium or known by Dehyquart® ^® products from Cognis or known by Rewoquat ^® products from Goldschmidt-Witco. Further preferred compounds are the diesterquats corresponding to formula (V) which are obtainable under the name Rewoquat ^® 3099 W 222 LM or CR and provide in addition to the softness also for stability and color protection.

R ^k and R ^l are each independently an aliphatic acyl radical having 12 to 22 carbon atoms with 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds.

wobei R^m für H oder einen gesättigten Alkylrest mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen, Rⁿ und R^o unabhängig voneinander jeweils für einen aliphatischen, gesättigten oder ungesättigten Alkylrest mit 12 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen, Rⁿ alternativ auch für O(CO)R^p stehen kann, wobei R^p einen aliphatischen, gesättigten oder ungesättigten Alkylrest mit 12 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen bedeutet, und Z eine NH-Gruppe oder Sauerstoff bedeutet und X ein Anion ist. q kann ganzzahlige Werte zwischen 1 und 4 annehmen.In addition to the quaternary compounds described above, it is also possible to use other known compounds, for example quaternary imidazolinium compounds of the formula (VI)

where R ^{m is} H or a saturated alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R ⁿ and R ^o are each independently an aliphatic, saturated or unsaturated alkyl radical having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, R ⁿ alternatively also O (CO) R ^p in which R ^{p is} an aliphatic, saturated or unsaturated alkyl radical having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, and Z is an NH group or oxygen and X is an anion. q can take integer values between 1 and 4.

wobei R^q, R^r und R^s unabhängig voneinander für eine C_1-4-Alkyl-, Alkenyl- oder Hydroxyalkylgruppe steht, R^t und R^u jeweils unabhängig ausgewählt eine C_8-28-Alkylgruppe darstellt und r eine Zahl zwischen 0 und 5 ist.Further suitable quaternary compounds are described by formula (VII)

wherein R ^q, R ^r and R ^s independently represents a C _1-4 alkyl, alkenyl or hydroxyalkyl, R ^t and R ^u are each independently a C _8-28 alkyl group selected and r is a number between 0 and 5 is.

In addition to the compounds of formulas III to VII, short-chain, water-soluble, quaternary Ammonium compounds, such as trihydroxyethylmethylammonium methosulfate or the alkyltrimethylammonium chlorides, dialkyldimethylammonium chlorides and trialkylmethylammonium chlorides, e.g. Cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, stearyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, lauryl dimethyl ammonium chloride, lauryl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride and tricetylmethyl ammonium chloride.

Also protonated alkylamine compounds which have a softening effect, and the non-quaternized, protonated precursors of cationic Emulsifiers are suitable.

Further Cationic compounds which can be used according to the invention represent the quaternized protein hydrolysates.

Suitable cationic polymers include the polyquaternium polymers as described in U.S. Pat CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary (The Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance, Inc., 1997 ), in particular the polyquaternium-6, polyquaternium-7, polyquaternium-10 polymers (Ucare Polymer IR 400, Amerchol), also referred to as merquats, polyquaternium-4-copolymers, such as graft copolymers with a cellulose backbone and quaternary ammonium groups, via allyldimethylammonium chloride cationic cellulose derivatives such as cationic guar such as guar hydroxypropyl triammonium chloride, and similar quaternized guar derivatives (e.g., Cosmedia Guar, manufactured by Cognis GmbH), cationic quaternary sugar derivatives (cationic alkyl polyglucosides), e.g. , The commercial product Glucquat ^® 100, according to CTFA nomenclature a "lauryl methyl Gluceth-10 Hydroxypropyl Dimonium Chloride", copolymers of PVP and dimethylaminomethacrylate, copolymers of vinylimidazole and vinylpyrrolidone, Aminosiliconpolymere and copolymers,

Polyquaternized polymers (for example, Luviquat Care by BASF.), And cationic biopolymers based on chitin and derivatives thereof, for example, under the trade designation chitosan ^® (manufacturer: Cognis) polymer obtainable.

Also suitable in the present invention are cationic silicone oils such as the commercially available products Q2-7224 (manufactured by Dow Corning, a stabilized trimethylsilylamodimethicone), Dow Corning 929 emulsion (containing a hydroxylamino-modified silicone, also referred to as amodimethicones), SM -2059 (manufacturer: General Electric), SLM-55067 (manufacturer: Wacker) Abil ^® -Quat 3270 and 3272 (manufacturer: Goldschmidt-Rewo; diquaternary polydimethylsiloxanes, quaternium-80), and Silicone quat Rewoquat ^® SQ 1 (Tegopren ^® 6922, Manufacturer: Goldschmidt-Rewo).

die Alkylamidoamine in ihrer nicht quaternierten oder, wie dargestellt, ihrer quaternierten Form, sein können. R^v kann ein aliphatischer Acylrest mit 12 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen mit 0, 1, 2 oder 3 Doppelbindungen sein. s kann Werte zwischen 0 und 5 annehmen. R^w und R^x stehen unabhängig voneinander jeweils für H, C_1-4-Alkyl oder Hydroxyalkyl. Bevorzugte Verbindungen sind Fettsäureamidoamine wie das unter der Bezeichnung Tego Amid^® S 18 erhältliche Stearylamidopropyldimethylamin oder das unter der Bezeichnung Stepantex^® X 9124 erhältliche 3-Talgamidopropyl-trimethylammonium-methosulfat, die sich neben einer guten konditionierenden Wirkung auch durch farbübertragungsinhibierende Wirkung sowie speziell durch ihre gute biologische Abbaubarkeit auszeichnen.It is likewise possible to use compounds of the formula (VIII)

the alkylamidoamines may be in their quaternized or, as shown, their quaternized form. R ^v can be an aliphatic acyl radical having 12 to 22 carbon atoms with 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds. s can take values between 0 and 5. R ^w and R ^x are each independently H, C _1-4 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl. Preferred compounds are fatty acid amidoamines such as Stearylamidopropyldimethylamin available under the name Tego Amid ^® S 18 or 3-Talgamidopropyl-trimethylammonium methosulfate available under the name Stepantex ^® X 9124, which in addition to a good conditioning effect by color transfer inhibiting effect and especially by their good distinguish biodegradability.

Become cationic surfactants used, they are in the preparations preferably in amounts of 0.01 to 10 wt .-%, in particular of 0.1 contain up to 3.0 wt .-%.

Of the Total surfactant content can be in the inventive Means between 5 and 50% by weight, preferably between 10 and 35% by weight lie.

In addition to the surfactants, builders are the most important ingredients of detergents and cleaners. In the surfactant-containing preparations according to the invention, builders conventionally used in detergents and cleaners may be present, in particular zeolites, silicates, carbonates, organics co-builders and, where there are no ecological prejudices against their use, also the phosphates.

Suitable crystalline layered sodium silicates have the general formula NaMSi _x O _{2x + 1} · H ₂ O, where M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20, preferred values for x 2, 3 or 4 are. Such crystalline layered silicates are described, for example, in the European patent application EP-A-0 164 514 described. Preferred crystalline layered silicates of the formula given are those in which M is sodium and x assumes the values 2 or 3. In particular, both β- and δ-sodium Na ₂ Si ₂ O ₅ · _y H ₂ O are preferred, with β-sodium disilicate being obtainable for example by the method described in the international patent application WO-A-91/08171 is described.

It is also possible to use amorphous sodium silicates with a Na ₂ O: SiO ₂ modulus of from 1: 2 to 1: 3.3, preferably from 1: 2 to 1: 2.8 and in particular from 1: 2 to 1: 2.6, which Delayed and have secondary washing properties. The dissolution delay compared to conventional amorphous sodium silicates may have been caused in various ways, for example by surface treatment, compounding, compaction / densification or by overdrying. So-called X-ray amorphous silicates, which likewise have a dissolution delay compared with the conventional water glasses, are described, for example, in the German patent application DE-A-44 00 024 described. The products have microcrystalline areas of size 10 to several hundred nm, with values up to max. 50 nm and in particular up to max. 20 nm are preferred. Especially preferred are densified / compacted amorphous silicates, compounded amorphous silicates and overdried X-ray amorphous silicates.

A fine crystalline, synthetic and bound water-containing zeolite optionally used is preferably zeolite A and / or P. Zeolite MAP (eg, commercial product: Doucil A24 from Crosfield) is particularly preferred as the P-type zeolite. Also suitable, however, are zeolite X and mixtures of A, X and / or P. Commercially available and preferably usable in the context of the present invention is, for example, a cocrystal of zeolite X and zeolite A (about 80% by weight of zeolite X) ), produced by the company CONDEA Augusts S. p. A. sold under the brand name VEGOBOND AX ^® and by the formula nNa ₂ O · (1 - n) K ₂ O · Al ₂ O ₃ · (2 - 2.5) SiO ₂ · (3.5-5.5) H ₂ O can be described. Suitable zeolites have an average particle size of less than 10 μm (volume distribution, measuring method: Coulter Counter) and preferably contain 18 to 22% by weight, in particular 20 to 22% by weight, of bound water.

Of course In detergents is also an employment of the well-known phosphates as builders possible, if such use not be avoided for environmental reasons should. Particularly suitable are the sodium salts of orthophosphates, the pyrophosphates and in particular the tripolyphosphates.

useful Organic builders are, for example, those in Form of their sodium salts usable polycarboxylic acids, among polycarboxylic acids such carboxylic acids be understood that carry more than one acid function. For example, these are citric acid, adipic acid, Succinic acid, glutaric acid, malic acid, Tartaric acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, sugar acids, Aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), provided their use for environmental reasons not to complain about, as well as mixtures of these. preferred Salts are the salts of polycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, Adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, Tartaric acid, sugar acids and mixtures of these. The acids themselves can also be used. The acids typically have besides their builder effect also the property of an acidifying component and serve thus also for setting a lower and milder pH value of surfactant-containing preparations according to the invention. In particular, in this context, citric acid, Succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, Gluconic acid and any mixtures of these.

When Builders are further suitable polymeric polycarboxylates. these are for example, the alkali metal salts of polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid, for example those with a molecular weight of 500 to 70,000 g / mol.

In the context of the present invention, the molecular weights indicated for polymeric polycarboxylates are weight-average molar masses M _{w of} the particular acid form, which in principle use Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using a UV detector. The measurement was carried out against an external polyacrylic acid standard, which provides realistic molecular weight values due to its structural relationship with the polymers investigated. These data differ significantly from the molecular weight data, in which polystyrene sulfonic acids are used as standard. The molar masses measured against polystyrene acids are generally significantly higher than the molecular weights specified in the context of the present invention.

suitable Polymers are in particular polyacrylates, which preferably have a molecular weight from 2,000 to 20,000 g / mol. Because of their superior Solubility can turn out of this group the short-chain polyacrylates are preferred, the molecular weights of 2,000 to 10,000 g / mol, more preferably from 3,000 to 5,000 g / mol.

Suitable are furthermore copolymeric polycarboxylates, especially those of Acrylic acid with methacrylic acid or acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid. As special suitable copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid proven, the 50 to 90 wt .-% acrylic acid and 50 to 10 Wt .-% maleic acid. Your relative molecular weight, based to free acids, is generally 2,000 to 70,000 g / mol, preferably 20,000 to 50,000 g / mol and in particular 30,000 to 40,000 g / mol.

The (co) polymeric polycarboxylates can be used either as a powder or used as an aqueous solution. The content of (co) polymeric polycarboxylates in the inventive Washing and cleaning agents is preferably 0.5 to 20 wt .-%, in particular 3 to 10 wt .-%.

to The water solubility can be improved Polymers also allylsulfonic acids, allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid and methallylsulfonic acid as a monomer.

Especially Biodegradable polymers of more than two are also preferred various monomer units, for example, those as monomers Salts of acrylic acid and maleic acid and vinyl alcohol or vinyl alcohol derivatives or salts of acrylic acid and 2-Alkylallylsulfonsäure and sugar derivatives.

Further preferred copolymers are those which are preferably used as monomers Acrolein and acrylic acid / acrylic acid salts or acrolein and vinyl acetate.

As well as further preferred builder substances are polymeric aminodicarboxylic acids, to mention their salts or their precursors. Especially Preference is given to polyaspartic acids or their salts and Derivatives, which in addition to co-builder properties also have a have bleach-stabilizing effect.

Further Suitable builders are polyacetals, which by reaction of dialdehydes with polyolcarboxylic acids may have 5 to 7 carbon atoms and at least 3 hydroxy groups. Preferred polyacetals are selected from dialdehydes such as glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, Terephthalaldehyde and mixtures thereof and from Polyolcarbonsäuren such as gluconic acid and / or glucoheptonic acid.

Further suitable organic builder substances are dextrins, for example oligomers or polymers of carbohydrates, which can be obtained by partial hydrolysis of starches. The hydrolysis can be carried out by customary, for example acid or enzyme catalyzed processes. Preferably, it is hydrolysis products having average molecular weights in the range of 400 to 500,000 g / mol. In this case, a polysaccharide with a dextrose equivalent (DE) in the range of 0.5 to 40, in particular from 2 to 30, is preferred, DE being a common measure of the reducing action of a polysaccharide compared to dextrose, which is a DE of 100 owns. Usable are both maltodextrins with a DE between 3 and 20 and dry glucose syrups with a DE between 20 and 37 and so-called yellow dextrins and white dextrins with higher molecular weights in the range of 2,000 to 30,000 g / mol. A preferred dextrin is in the British Patent Application 94 19 091 described.

The oxidized derivatives of such dextrins are their reaction products with oxidizing agents which are capable of oxidizing at least one alcohol function of the saccharide ring to the carboxylic acid function. Also suitable is an oxidized oligosaccharide, wherein a product oxidized to C _{6 of} the saccharide ring may be particularly advantageous.

Also oxydisuccinates and other derivatives of disuccinates, preferably ethylenediamine disuccinate are other suitable co-builders. In this case, ethylenediamine-N, N'-disuccinate (EDDS) is preferably used in the form of sodium or magnesium salts. Also preferred in this context are glycerol disuccinates and glycerol trisuccinates. Suitable amounts are in zeolithhaltigen and / or silicate-containing formulations at 3 to 15 wt .-%.

Further useful organic co-builders are, for example, acetylated Hydroxycarboxylic acids or their salts, which optionally may also be present in Lactonform and which at least 4 carbon atoms and at least one hydroxy group and maximum contain two acid groups.

A another class of substances with co-builder properties are the Phosphonates. These are in particular hydroxyalkane or aminoalkanephosphonates. Among the hydroalkane phosphonates is the 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate (HEDP) of particular importance as a co-builder. It is preferably used as the sodium salt, wherein the disodium salt is neutral and the tetrasodium salt is alkaline (pH = 9) reacts. As Aminoalkanphosphonate are preferably Ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonate (EDTMP), diethylene triamine pentamethylene phosphonate (DTPMP) and their higher homologues in question. you will be preferably in the form of the neutral reacting sodium salts, e.g. B. as the hexasodium salt of EDTMP or as Hepta- and Octasatriumsalz the DTPMP. As a builder it is from the class of Phosphonates preferably used HEDP. The aminoalkane phosphonates also have a pronounced Schwermetallbindeabmögen. Accordingly, it may, especially if the inventive surfactant-containing preparations also contain bleach, preferably Aminoalkanphosphonate, in particular DTPMP, use or mixtures to use from the said phosphonates.

About that In addition, all connections that are able to To form complexes with alkaline earth metal ions, used as a co-builder become.

Among the compounds serving as bleaches in water H ₂ O ₂ , sodium perborate tetrahydrate and sodium perborate monohydrate are of particular importance. Other useful bleaching agents are, for example, sodium percarbonate, peroxypyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates and H ₂ O ₂ -producing peracidic salts or peracids, such as perbenzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelaic acid, phthaloiminoperacid or diperdodecanedioic acid. When cleaning or bleaching preparations for automatic dishwashing are prepared, it is also possible to use bleaching agents from the group of organic bleaching agents. Typical organic bleaching agents are the diacyl peroxides, such as. B. dibenzoyl peroxide. Other typical organic bleaches are the peroxyacids, examples of which include the alkyl peroxyacids and the aryl peroxyacids. Preferred representatives are (a) the peroxybenzoic acid and its ring-substituted derivatives, such as alkylperoxybenzoic acids, but also peroxy-α-naphthoic acid and magnesium monoperphthalate; (b) the aliphatic or substituted aliphatic peroxyacids, such as peroxylauric acid, peroxystearic acid, ε-phthalimidoperoxycaproic acid [phthaloiminoperoxyhexanoic acid (PAP)], o-carboxybenzamido-peroxycaproic acid, N-nonenylamidoperadipic acid and N-nonylamidoperoperuccinate; and (c) aliphatic and araliphatic peroxydicarboxylic acids such as 1,12-diperoxycarboxylic acid, 1,9-diperoxyazelaic acid, diperocysebacic acid, diperoxybrassylic acid, the diperoxyphthalic acids, 2-decyldiperoxybutane-1,4-diacid, N, N-terephthaloyl-di (6-aminopercapronic acid ) can be used.

Around when washing or cleaning at temperatures of 60 ° C and including achieving an improved bleaching effect Bleach activators incorporated in the surfactant-containing preparations become. As bleach activators, compounds which under perhydrolysis conditions, aliphatic peroxycarboxylic acids with preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, in particular 2 to 4 C atoms, and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid, be used. Suitable substances are the O- and / or N-acyl groups of mentioned C atom number and / or optionally substituted benzoyl groups wear. Preference is given to polyacylated alkylenediamines, in particular Tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), acylated triazine derivatives, in particular 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT), acylated Glycolurils, in particular tetraacetylglycoluril (TAGU), N-acylimides, in particular N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenolsulfonates, in particular n-nonanoyl- or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (n- or iso-NOBS), carboxylic acid anhydrides, especially phthalic anhydride, acylated polyhydric alcohols, especially triacetin, ethylene glycol diacetate and 2,5-diacetoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran.

In addition to the conventional bleach activators or in their place, so-called bleach catalysts can also be incorporated into the surfactant-containing preparations. These substances are bleach-enhancing transition metal salts or transition metal complexes such as Mn, Fe, Co, Ru or Mo saline complexes or carbonyl complexes. Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, Mo, Ti, V and Cu complexes with N-containing tripod ligands and Co, Fe, Cu and Ru ammine complexes are also known as bleaches suitable for use with catalysts.

When Enzymes come from the class of proteases, lipases, amylases, Cellulases or mixtures thereof in question. Especially suitable are from bacterial strains or fungi, such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Streptomyces griseus derived enzymatic Agents. Preferably, subtilisin type proteases and especially proteases derived from Bacillus lentus, used. These are enzyme mixtures, for example from protease and amylase or protease and lipase or protease and cellulase or from cellulase and lipase or from protease, amylase and lipase or protease, lipase and cellulase, but especially cellulase-containing Mixtures of particular interest. Also peroxidases or oxidases have proven to be suitable in some cases. The Enzymes can be adsorbed to carriers and / or embedded in encasing substances to protect against premature To protect decomposition. The proportion of enzymes, enzyme mixtures or enzyme granules in the surfactant-containing according to the invention Preparations may, for example, about 0.1 to 5 wt .-%, preferably 0.1 to about 2 wt .-%, amount.

A preferred group of suitable additives are optical brighteners. used can be used here in detergents usual optical brightener. Examples of optical brighteners are Derivatives of diaminostilbenedisulfonic acid or its alkali metal salts. Suitable z. B. Salts of 4,4'-bis (2-anilino-4-morpholino1,3,5-triazinyl-6-amino) stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid or similar compounds, instead of the morpholino group a diethanol-amino group, a methylamino group, an anilino group or carry a 2-methoxyethylamino group. Furthermore you can Brightener of the type of substituted Diphenylstyryle in the partial portions (washing active preparations) of the invention be contained surfactant-containing preparations, for. As the alkali salts of 4,4'-bis (2-sulfostyryl) diphenyl, 4,4'-bis (4-chloro-3-sulfostyryl) diphenyl or 4- (4-chlorostyryl) -4 '- (2-sulfostyryl) -diphenyls. Also mixtures The aforementioned brightener can be used.

Another group of additives which is preferred according to the invention are UV protection substances. UV absorbers can be applied to the treated textiles and improve the lightfastness of the fibers and / or the lightfastness of the other constituents of the formulation. Under UV absorber are organic substances (sunscreen) to understand, which are able to absorb ultraviolet rays and the absorbed energy in the form of longer-wave radiation, eg. B. to give off heat again. Compounds having these desired properties include, for example, the non-radiative deactivating compounds and derivatives of benzophenone having substituents in the 2- and / or 4-position. In addition, substituted benzotriazoles, such as the water-soluble benzenesulfonic acid-3- (2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) -4-hydroxy-5- (methylpropyl) monosodium salt (Ciba ^® Fast H), phenyl-substituted in the 3-position acrylates (cinnamic acid derivatives) , optionally with cyano groups in the 2-position, salicylates, organic Ni complexes and natural substances such as umbelliferone and the body's urocanic acid suitable. Of particular importance are biphenyl and especially Stilbenderivate as described for example in the EP 0728749 A are described and commercially available as Tinosorb FD ^® or Tinosorb FR ^® are available ex Ciba. As UV-B absorber are to call 3-Benzylidencampher or 3-Benzylidennorcampher and its derivatives, eg. B. 3- (4-methylbenzylidene) camphor, as in EP 0693471 B1 described; 4-aminobenzoic acid derivatives, preferably 2-ethylhexyl 4- (dimethylamino) benzoate, 2-octyl 4- (dimethylamino) benzoate and 4- (dimethylamino) benzoic acid ester; Esters of cinnamic acid, preferably 4-methoxycinnamic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester, 4-methoxycinnamic acid propyl ester, 4-methoxycinnamic acid isoamyl ester, 2-cyano-3,3-phenylcinnamic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester (octocrylene); Esters of salicylic acid, preferably 2-ethylhexyl salicylate, 4-isopropylbenzyl salicylate, homomenthyl salicylate; Derivatives of benzophenone, preferably 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4'-methylbenzophenone, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone; Esters of benzalmalonic acid, preferably di-2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxybenzmalonate; Triazine derivatives, such as. 2,4,6-trianilino- (p-carbo-2'-ethyl-1'-hexyloxy) -1,3,5-triazine and octyl triazone, as described in U.S.P. EP 0818450 A1 Dioctyl Butamido Triazone or described (Uvasorb HEB ^®); Propane-1,3-diones, such as. B. 1- (4-tert-butylphenyl) -3- (4'-methoxyphenyl) propane-1,3-dione; Ketotricyclo (5.2.1.0) decane derivatives as described in U.S.P. EP 0694521 B1 described. Also suitable are 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid and its alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, alkylammonium, alkanolammonium and glucammonium salts; Sulfonic acid derivatives of benzophenones, preferably 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic acid and its salts; Sulfonic acid derivatives of 3-Benzylidencamphers, such as. B. 4- (2-oxo-3-bomylidenemethyl) benzenesulfonic acid and 2-methyl-5- (2-oxo-3-bomylidene) sulfonic acid and salts thereof. As a typical UV-A filter in particular derivatives of benzoylmethane are suitable, such as 1- (4'-tert-butylphenyl) -3- (4'-methoxyphenyl) propane-1,3-dione, 4-tert-butyl 4'-methoxydibenzoylmethane (Parsol 1789), 1-phenyl-3- (4'-isopropylphenyl) -propane-1,3-dione, and enamine compounds as described in U.S.P. DE 19712033 A1 (BASF). Of course, the UV-A and UV-B filters can also be used in mixtures. In addition to the mentioned soluble Substances also come for this purpose, insoluble sunscreen pigments, namely finely dispersed, preferably nano metal oxides or salts in question. Examples of suitable metal oxides are in particular zinc oxide and titanium dioxide and, in addition, oxides of iron, zirconium, silicon, manganese, aluminum and cerium and mixtures thereof. As salts silicates (talc), barium sulfate or zinc stearate can be used. The oxides and salts are already used in the form of the pigments for skin-care and skin-protecting emulsions and decorative cosmetics. The particles should have an average diameter of less than 100 nm, preferably between 5 and 50 nm and in particular between 15 and 30 nm. They may have a spherical shape, but it is also possible to use those particles which have an ellipsoidal or otherwise deviating shape from the spherical shape. The pigments can also be surface-treated, ie hydrophilized or hydrophobized. Typical examples are coated titanium dioxides, such as. Example, titanium dioxide T 805 (Degussa) or Eusolex ^® T2000 (Merck). Suitable hydrophobic coating agents are in particular silicones and in particular trialkoxyoctylsilanes or simethicones. Preferably, micronized zinc oxide is used. Further suitable UV sunscreen filters are the overview of P. Finkel in SOFW Journal 122, 543 (1996) refer to.

The UV absorbers are usually used in amounts of 0.01% by weight. to 5 wt .-%, preferably from 0.03 wt .-% to 1 wt .-%, used.

A further preferred group of Additives are dyes, especially water-soluble or water-dispersible dyes. Dyes are preferred here, as to improve the optical product appearance in the inventive Washing, rinsing, cleaning and textile treatment agents usually be used. The selection of such dyes prepares the Expert no difficulties, especially since such conventional Dyes a high storage stability and insensitivity to the other ingredients of the detergent preparations and against light as well as no pronounced substantivity compared to textile fibers so as not to stain them. The dyes are according to the invention in the washing and / or cleaning agents according to the invention in amounts of less than 0.01 wt .-% present.

A another class of additives according to the invention the Detergents and / or cleaning agents can be added are polymers. Among these polymers, on the one hand, polymers are suitable which are used during washing or cleaning or rinsing show co-builder characteristics, So for example polyacrylic acids, also modified polyacrylic acids or corresponding copolymers. Another group of polymers are polyvinylpyrrolidone and other grayness inhibitors, such as Copolymers of polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cellulose ethers and the like. Other preferred polymers are so-called soil repellents in question, as described in detail below.

When further additives according to the invention can the detergents and cleaners also polymers with soil repellency and / or Soil Release Properties. These are For polymers that are based on fibers, the oil and Fettauswaschbarkeit from textiles positively and thus a Wiederanschmutzung counteract specifically. This effect becomes particularly clear when a textile is dirty, which has been repeatedly with a detergents or cleaners according to the invention, containing this oil and fat dissolving component, was washed. Among the preferred oil and fat dissolving Components include, for example, nonionic cellulose ethers such as methylcellulose and methylhydroxypropylcellulose with a proportion at methoxy groups of 15 to 30 wt .-% and hydroxypropoxy groups from 1 to 15% by weight, based in each case on the nonionic cellulose ether, as well as the known from the prior art polymers of phthalic acid and / or terephthalic acid or its derivatives, in particular polymers of ethylene terephthalates and / or polyethylene glycol terephthalates or anionic and / or nonionic modified derivatives of this. Particularly preferred of these are the sulfonated derivatives phthalic and terephthalic acid polymers.

Especially if it is liquid or gelatinous preparations These may also contain solvents. Examples of suitable solvents are or polyhydric alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Preferred alcohols are ethanol, 1,2-propanediol, glycerol and any mixtures thereof. The Solvents can be used in liquid preparations in an amount of 2 to 12% by weight, based on the finished preparation, be included.

The additives mentioned are the detergents and / or cleaning agents in amounts up to at most 30% by weight, preferably 2 to 20 Wt .-%, added.

This list of detergent ingredients, which in the inventive Washing, rinsing or cleaning agents may occur is by no means exhaustive, but only reflects the essential ingredients of such agents. In particular, as far as liquid or gelatinous preparations are concerned, the agents may also contain organic solvents. Preferably, it is monohydric or polyhydric alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Preferred alcohols in such agents are ethanol, 1,2-propanediol, glycerol and mixtures of these alcohols. In preferred embodiments, such agents contain from 2 to 12% by weight of such alcohols.

To In a particular embodiment, in particular, liquid or solid detergents are preferred. Also particularly preferred are detergents and cleaners that are used for delicate washing or gentle treatment of sensitive textiles are suitable.

Especially are also textile care agents, in particular textile aftertreatment agents, preferably textile conditioners, fabric softeners or dryer cloths suitable, which is an algae extract, an organic isolate thereof and / or a derivative thereof.

ever according to the intended use can more Ingredients are used. Fabric softener compositions for the Spülbadavivage are in the art broadly described. Usually, these compositions contain as active ingredient a cationic quaternary ammonium compound, the is dispersed in water. Depending on the content of the finished plasticizer composition On active substance one speaks of diluted, ready to use Products (active substance contents below 7 wt .-%) or so-called Concentrates (active ingredient content above 7 wt .-%). Because of of the smaller volume and the associated reduced Packaging and transport costs have the textile softener concentrates Benefits from an ecological point of view and have themselves in the market more and more enforced. Due to the incorporation of cationic Compounds which have only low water solubility, conventional fabric softener compositions are in Form of dispersions, have a milky-cloudy Appearance and are not translucent. Because of But product aesthetics can also be desired the consumer transparent, clear fabric softener for To make visually distinguished from the known products take off.

As fabric-softening active substance, fabric softeners according to the invention preferably contain cationic surfactants which have already been described in detail above. These agents according to the invention particularly preferably contain so-called esterquats. While there are a large number of possible compounds from this class of substances, esterquats according to the invention are used with particular preference, which can be prepared in a conventional manner by reacting trialkanolamines with a mixture of fatty acids and dicarboxylic acids, optionally subsequent alkoxylation of the reaction product and quaternization, as is in the DE 195 39 846 is described.

The Esterquats prepared in this way are suitable in excellent Way of producing portions according to the invention, which can be used as a fabric softener. As depending on the choice of trialkanolamine, the fatty acids and the dicarboxylic acids and the quaternizing a Variety of suitable products and prepared in the inventive Means can be used is a description of the invention preferably Esterquats to be used more precise way of their preparation as the indication of a general formula.

The mentioned components which together preferably to be used Esterquats can react in varying proportions be used to each other. In the context of the present invention preference is given to fabric softeners in which a reaction product of trialkanolamines with a mixture of fatty acids and dicarboxylic acids in a molar ratio of 1:10 to 10: 1, preferably 1: 5 to 5: 1, optionally alkoxylated and then quaternized in a conventional manner was in amounts of 2 to 60, preferably 3 to 35 and in particular 5 to 30 wt .-% is included. Particularly preferred is the Use of triethanolamine, so that more preferred Fabric softener of the present invention, a reaction product of triethanolamine with a mixture of fatty acids and Dicarboxylic acids in a molar ratio of 1:10 to 10: 1, preferably 1: 5 to 5: 1, optionally alkoxylated and was then quaternized in a conventional manner, in amounts of 2 to 60, preferably 3 to 35 and especially 5 contain up to 30 wt .-%.

When Fatty acids may be used in the reaction mixture the Esterquats all from vegetable or animal oils and fats obtained acids. It can in Rekationsgemisch as fatty acid quite a at Room temperature non-solid, d. H. pasty to liquid, Fatty acid are used.

The Fatty acids can be independent of theirs State of matter saturated or mono- to polyunsaturated be. Of course, not only "pure" Fatty acids are used, but also in the Fission of fats and oils obtained technical fatty acid mixtures, again, these mixtures are clear from an economic point of view are preferred.

So can be in the reaction mixtures for the preparation of the esterquats for the clear aqueous according to the invention Fabric softener, for example, single species or mixtures of the following acids: caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, Capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, Palmitic acid, stearic acid, octadecan-12-ol acid, Arachidic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, Cerotic acid, melissinic acid, 10-undecenoic acid, Petroselinic Acid, Petroselaidic Acid, Oleic Acid, Elaidic acid, ricinoleic acid, linolaidic acid, α- and β-adelaic acid, gadoleic acid, Erucic acid, brassidic acid. Of course are also the fatty acids with odd number of carbon atoms can be used, for example undecanoic acid, tridecanoic acid, Pentadecanoic acid, heptadecanoic acid, nonadecanoic acid, Heneicosanoic acid, tricosanoic acid, pentacosanoic acid, Heptacosanoic.

In the context of the present invention, the use of fatty acids of the formula XIII in the reaction mixture for the preparation of the esterquats is preferred, so that preferred fabric softeners are a reaction product of trialkanolamines with a mixture of fatty acids of the formula IX, R ¹ -CO-OH (IX) in which R 1-CO- is an aliphatic, linear or branched acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms and 0 and / or 1, 2 or 3 double bonds and dicarboxylic acids in a molar ratio of 1:10 to 10: 1, preferably 1: 5 to 5 : 1, which is optionally alkoxylated and then quaternized in a conventional manner, in amounts of 2 to 60, preferably 3 to 35 and especially 5 to 30 wt .-% in the compositions.

Suitable dicarboxylic acids which are suitable for the preparation of the esterquats to be used in the compositions according to the invention are, in particular, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated dicarboxylic acids. Examples include the saturated species of oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, undecane and dodecanoic acid, brassylic acid, tetra- and pentadecanoic acid, thapic acid and hepta-, octa- and nonadecanoic, eicosane and heneicosanoic acid as well as phellogenic acid. Dicarboxylic acids which follow the general formula XIII are preferably used in the reaction mixture, so that agents according to the invention are preferred which comprise a reaction product of trialkanolamines with a mixture of fatty acids and dicarboxylic acids of the formula X, HO-OC- [X] -CO-OH (X) in which X is an optionally hydroxy-substituted alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, in a molar ratio of 1:10 to 10: 1, preferably 1: 5 to 5: 1, which is optionally alkoxylated and then quaternized in a conventional manner, in quantities from 2 to 60, preferably 3 to 35 and in particular 5 to 30 wt .-% in the compositions.

Under the variety of producible and usable according to the invention Esterquats, in turn, have proven to be particularly effective in which the alkanolamine treithanolamine and the dicarboxylic acid Adipic acid is. Thus, in the context of the present Invention particularly preferred agent which is a reaction product of triethanolamine with a mixture of fatty acids and Adipic acid in a molar ratio of 1: 5 to 5: 1, preferably 1: 3 to 3: 1, which then in a conventional manner was quaternized, in amounts of 2 to 60, preferably 3 to 35 and in particular 5 to 30 wt .-% in the compositions

The compositions of the invention can - and depending on whether they are formulated as a laundry detergent, washing aid or softener - are also equipped with other additional benefits. Here, for example, color transfer inhibiting compositions, anti-gray formula agents, ironing facilitators, fragrance release agents, soil repellency improvers, antibacterial agents, UV protectants, color refreshing agents, etc. can be formulated. Some examples are explained below:
Since textile fabrics, in particular of rayon, rayon, cotton and their mixtures, can crumple because the individual fibers against bending, kinking. Pressing and squeezing transverse to the fiber direction are sensitive, the compositions of the invention may contain synthetic crease inhibitors. These include, for example, synthetic products based on fatty acids, fatty acid esters. Fatty acid amides, alkylol esters, alkylolamides or fatty alcohols, which are usually reacted with ethylene oxide, or products based on lecithin or modified phosphoric acid ester.

One increased wearing comfort can from the additional Use of antistatic agents resulting in the inventive Additional funds are attached. antistatic agents increase the surface conductivity and thus allow an improved drainage of educated Charges. Outer antistatics are usually substances with at least one hydrophilic molecule ligand and give on the surfaces a more or less hygroscopic Movie. These mostly surface active antistatic agents leave in nitrogenous (amines, amides, quaternary ammonium compounds), Phosphorus (phosphoric acid esters) and sulfur-containing (Alkyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates) to divide antistatic agents. Lauryl (resp. Stearyl) dimethylbenzylammonium chlorides are useful as antistatic agents for textiles or as an additive to detergents, in addition a softening effect is achieved.

to Improvement of water absorbency, rewettability treated textiles and to facilitate ironing the treated textiles can in the inventive Agents are used, for example, silicone derivatives. These additionally improve the rinsing behavior of the agents according to the invention by their foam-inhibiting Properties. Preferred silicone derivatives are, for example, polydialkyl or alkylaryl siloxanes in which the alkyl groups are one to five Have C atoms and are completely or partially fluorinated. preferred Silicones are polydimethylsiloxanes which are optionally derivatized can be and then amino-functional or quaternized or Si-OH, Si-H and / or Si-Cl bonds. The Viscosities of the preferred silicones are 25 ° C ranging between 100 and 100,000 centistokes, with the silicones in amounts between 0.2 and 5 wt .-%, based on the total agent can be used.

After all the agents according to the invention can also Contain UV absorbers that attract to the treated textiles and improve the light fastness of the fibers. Links, which have these desired properties are, for example the compounds which are active by radiationless deactivation and Derivatives of benzophenone with substituents in the 2- and / or 4-position. Furthermore, substituted benzotriazoles, in the 3-position phenyl-substituted Acrylates (cinnamic acid derivatives), optionally with cyano groups in the 2-position, salicylates, organic Ni complexes and natural products like umbelliferone and the body's own urocanic acid suitable.

Pharmaceutical and cosmetic compositions

One Another object of the present invention is the use of algae extracts and / or an organic isolate thereof and / or a derivative thereof in pharmaceutical and / or cosmetic compositions and the use of algae extracts and / or an isolate thereof and / or a derivative thereof for the manufacture of cosmetic or pharmaceutical compositions, in particular for treatment from bacterial or fungal infections.

The Pharmaceutical compositions may be both used for the treatment of diseases as well as prophylactic become.

to Production of pharmaceutical preparations can be the active ingredients, optionally in combination with other active substances, together with one or more inert conventional carriers and / or Diluents, z. With gelatin, gum arabic, Corn starch, lactose, cane sugar, sorbitol, microcrystalline Cellulose, magnesium stearate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, citric acid, Tartaric acid, water, benzyl alcohol, polyalkylene glycol, water / ethanol, Water / glycerin, water / sorbitol, water / polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, Titanium dioxide, a cellulose derivative such. B. carboxymethylcellulose or fatty substances such as hard fat, talc or vegetable oils or their suitable mixtures, in common pharmaceutical preparations such as tablets, dragees, capsules, powders, suspensions, drops, Incorporate ampoules, juices or suppositories. Possibly In addition, preservatives, stabilizers, Wetting agents, emulsifiers or salts for modifying the osmotic pressure or buffer. As a carrier can also use surface-active adjuvants such as Salts of bile acids or animal or vegetable Phospholipids, but also mixtures thereof and liposomes or their Components are used.

In addition to the active compounds according to the invention, the pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations according to the invention may also contain other active substances which prevent the adhesion of microorganisms. Furthermore, the use of the active compounds according to the invention may optionally also in combination with antimicrobial, in particular antibacterial, antifungal and / or antiseptic agents and / or in combination with astringent substances, wherein the antimicrobial agents are then preferably used in low concentrations.

at the antimycotic agents are preferably to those that are used to treat fungal infestations, especially in the case of candidoses, already commonly used. These may be, in particular, polyene-type antimycotics, especially nystatin, amphotericin B or natamycin, and / or um Antimycotics of the azole type, especially miconazole, clotrimazole or Ketoconazole, act. By combination with other antifungal Active ingredients may accelerate the removal of the fungi, if necessary be, with preferably a synergistic effect occurs. When using anti-microbial agents can these are advantageously used in lower concentrations are common as in the previous treatment.

at the astringent substances may in particular be aluminum salts, Phenolic condensation products (artificial tannins), natural products and tannin-containing drugs.

In a particularly preferred embodiment according to the invention these are the pharmaceutical or cosmetic preparations to those for topical application to the skin and its appendages and / or for application to the mucous membrane, in particular in the oral or genital area, or for intertriginous application. In the following, these preparations are referred to as "skin treatment agents".

at the cosmetic or pharmaceutical preparation, and in particular in the case of the skin treatment agent, this may be in particular a lotion, a cream, an emulsion, an ointment, a paste, an oil, a wax / fat mass, a gel, a powder, a Spray or aerosol, a solution, especially aqueous or alcoholic solution, or tincture, to a moist Dressing, an occlusion bandage, a plaster, a stick preparation, a hair treatment, hair washing or hair care product, in particular a hair shampoo, a hair lotion, a hair cure or a hair tonic, a personal care product, a bubble bath, a shower bath or to act a foot bath.

Of the physiological carriers of the skin treatment agents preferably one or, in any combination, several auxiliary or additives such as are commonly used in such preparations be used, such as. Greases, oils, superfatting agents, Waxes, silicones, emulsifiers, dispersants, pearlescent waxes, Alcohols, polyols, bodying agents, stabilizers, thickeners, Film former, swelling agent, hydrotrope or moistening and / or moisturizing substances, polymers, surfactants, plasticizers, foam brakes, alkalinization or acidifiers, softeners, adsorbents, sunscreens, Electrolytes, sequestering agents, solubilizers, organic Solvents, preservatives, germ-inhibiting active substances, in particular fungicides or bactericides, antioxidants, biogenic Active ingredients, vitamins, protein hydrolysates, mono-, oligo- and polysaccharides, Enzyme inhibitors, in particular MMP1-inhibiting substances, deodorants or odor absorbers, antiperspirants, antidandruff agents, insect repellents, Self-tanning, α-hydroxy and α-ketocarboxylic acids, Fragrances, dyes and / or pigments.

The Skin treatment compositions according to the invention are when administered topically advantageously in the form of a liquid or solid oil-in-water emulsion, water-in-oil emulsion, Multiple emulsion, microemulsion, PIT emulsion or Pickering emulsion, in the form of a hydrogel, an alkhoholic gel, a lipogel, in the form of a single- or multi-phase solution, a foam, an ointment, a plaster, a suspension, a powder or a mixture with at least one as a medical adhesive suitable polymer. The invention Skin treatment agents may also be used in anhydrous form, such as an oil or a balm become. In this case, the carrier may be a vegetable or animal oil, a mineral oil, a synthetic oil or a Be mixture of such oils.

In another particularly preferred according to the invention Embodiment is the cosmetic and / or pharmaceutical preparations for oral administration, where the destination of the application is the mouth itself. In a preferred embodiment is hereby one of the above described skin treatment agent, wherein the composition so chosen that it is at the drug a mouth cream, an ointment, a tincture or a suspension is. The term "pharmaceutical preparations for oral administration "here includes oral and dental care as well Denture cleansing preparations, in particular denture cleansing tablets.

The oral, dental and / or dental prosthesis care agents according to the invention can be used, for example, as Mouthwash, gel, liquid toothpaste lotion, stiff toothpaste, denture cleaner or denture adhesive cream are present. For this purpose, it is necessary to introduce the substances used according to the invention into a suitable carrier.

Of Furthermore, in the oral field, mouthwashes, toothpastes, Tablets, in particular lozenges and sprays or aerosols further preferred embodiments.

at Partial dentures or dentition is suitable both the presentation as Teeth cleaning tablets, as well as mouthwash or Mouthwash or as toothpaste.

The Toothpastes and tooth gels according to the invention can as ingredients in addition to the invention Active ingredients, in particular surfactants, cleaning agents, flavors, sweeteners as well as other agents known to those skilled in the art. As a carrier are preferably water and binder. Furthermore, can such as moisturizers, preservatives, bodying agents and / or color pigments.

at the mouthwashes according to the invention can it is aqueous, especially alcoholic, flavored concentrates or ready-to-use solutions act. The mouthwashes can in addition to the invention Active substances, in particular surfactants, flavors, dyes, fluorides, Astringent substances, antibacterial substances and / or contain further active ingredients.

at the aforementioned other active ingredients in the oral treatment agents may be included, for example, a Fluorine compound to turn a drug against plaque bacteria an active ingredient against calculus formation, remineralization, against sensitive teeth or to protect the gums. Furthermore, the further active ingredient may be another Active ingredient for fungal treatment, in particular candidiasis treatment, act.

• – pH-Stellmittel und Puffersubstanzen wie z. B. Natriumbicarbonat, Natriumcitrat, Natriumbenzoat, Zitronensäure, Phosphorsäure oder saure Salze, z. B. NaH₂PO₄
• – wundheilende und entzündungshemmende Stoffe wie z. B. Allantoin, Harnstoff, Panthenol, Azulen bzw. Kamillenextrakt
• – weitere gegen Zahnstein wirksame Stoffe wie z. B. Organophosphonate, z. B. Hydroxyethandiphosphonate oder Azacycloheptandiphosphonat
• – Konservierungsstoffe wie z. B. Sorbinsäure-Salze, Natriumbenzoat, Chlorhexidindigluconat, p-Hydroxybenzoesäure oder deren Ester.
• – Plaque-Inhibitoren wie z. B. Hexachlorophen, Chlorhexidin, Hexetidin, Triclosan, Bromchlorophen, Phenylsalicylsäureester.

Other common additives for oral, dental and / or denture care medium are z. B.

• - pH adjusting agent and buffer substances such. As sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate, sodium benzoate, citric acid, phosphoric acid or acid salts, eg. B. NaH ₂ PO ₄
• - wound healing and anti-inflammatory substances such. Allantoin, urea, panthenol, azulene or chamomile extract
• - Other anti-calculus substances such. B. organophosphonates, z. B. Hydroxyethandiphosphonate or Azacycloheptandiphosphonat
• - Preservatives such. For example, sorbic acid salts, sodium benzoate, Chlorhexidindigluconat, p-hydroxybenzoic acid or esters thereof.
• - Plaque inhibitors such. As hexachlorophene, chlorhexidine, hexetidine, triclosan, bromochlorophene, Phenylsalicylsäureester.

EXAMPLES

1. Sampling of algae extracts

It Approx. 100 algae extracts were tested for their germ repellent (biorepulsive) Effect examined. These were macroalgae and a marine flowering plant in the shallow water area off the coasts at the following locations collected: Bay of Kiel (Strande, Falckenstein), Hohwachter bay (Hubertsberg, Hohenfelde), Eckernförde Bay (Aschau, Massholm) as well as in the Kattegatt off the peninsula Salto (Sweden) and in the North Sea from the location Helgoland (Felswatt). The locations Kiel Bay, Hohwachter Bay and Eckernförde Bay were sampled monthly while from Helgoland and Salto only once samples were collected.

2. Preparation of algae extract

A weighed amount of the homogenized sample material was dissolved in 25 ml of dichloromethane / methanol mixture (ratio 1: 1), extracted for 2 hours on the shaking table and then filtered off. The solvent was removed again on a rotary evaporator and the extract was resuspended in 1 ml of dichloromethane / methanol mixture (ratio 1: 1). The amount was calculated from the quotient of dry weight (TG) and wet weight (FG) multiplied by the factor 25,12. This was calculated as follows:
geg .: r (test disk) = 3 mm + 1 mm (zone in which the extract spreads beyond the edge of the test disk)
A = 3.14 * r ²
A = 3.14 × 4 ²
A = 50.24 mm ²
V = A · h
V = 50.24 mm ² x 5 mm
V = 251.2 mm ³ = 0.2512 cm ³

Since 1 ml = 1000 μl and only 20 μl are applied to the test disks, the volume of 0.2512 cm ^{3 is} multiplied by 100. Thus, the formula 25.12 · TG / FG results. This was used to calculate the sample material to be weighed in the dried and homogenized algae.

3. algae extract screening in the test on colonization inhibition

Of the extract to be examined was in 1 ml of dichloromethane / methanol mixture resuspended, 20 μl of each on an autoclave Test disc applied and dried. These were on an agar plate applied and covered with a second layer of agar. As a treatment control served a test disk with the solvent, but without extract. To a diffusion of the extract from the disk in the surrounding agar and to ensure the agar surface was carried out an incubation at room temperature for 24 h. This period had proved sufficient in preliminary experiments. The concentration the stock solution was so calculated that the concentration in the agar after 24-hour diffusion of those in the algenthallus corresponded. The agar plates were overlaid with the bacterial suspension (fresh overnight culture) and for 45 min. at room temperature on the shaker table incubated. Subsequently, the plates were washed with sterile seawater gently rinsed twice to uncured bacteria and incubated for 24 h at 28 ° C. Now the macroscopic growth control took place. This was The distance from the edge of the test disc to the edge of the Hemmhofes measured. Each extract was tested with 3 replicates (plates).

For each test series, cultures of the following bacterial strains representing potential biofilm producers were used:
Zooshikella gangwhensis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Cythophaga sp. KT0803, Psychrobacter glacinola,
Pseudoalteromonas carragenovora, Shewanella baltica, Bacillus subtilis and an unspecified marine bacterium (hereinafter "OR")

The algae extracts shown in the following table turned out to be particularly effective. Tab. 3: Overview of multi-bacteria colonization-inhibiting algae extracts Extract ID NO. bacterial strain HH (mm) 1 HH (mm) 2 HH (mm) 3 Ceramium rubrum FO261004 Zooshikella gangwhensis 14 15 0 Bacillus aquimaris 6 6 6 Bacillus sp. YY 6 2 2 Cytophaga sp. KT0803 4 4 6 Zooshikella gangwhensis 12 12 0 Polysiphonia sp. FO261004 Bacillus aquimaris 4 2 2 Bacillus sp. YY 5 1 1 Fucus serratus FO261004 Zooshikella gangwhensis 14 8th 8th Bacillus aquimaris 6 2 4 Bacillus sp. YY 4 2 0 Cytophaga sp. KT0803 2 0 0 Polyid's rotundus FO051004 Zooshikella gangwhensis 11 6 0 Cytophaga sp. KT0803 7 7 0 Callophylis sp. S2604056 Cytophaga sp. KT0803 5 4 5 OR 3 3 2 Bacillus subtilis 5 5 4 Halidry's siliquosa HG0505053 Cytophaga sp. KT0803 7 9 8th OR 5 3 5 Bacillus subtilis 4 3 6 Zooshikella gangwhensis 9 8th 7 Rhodomela confervoides S230805 Bacillus subtilis 2 3 2 Zooshikella gangwhensis 7 7 6 OR 3 2 2 Cytophaga sp. KT0803 2 2 1 Lomentaria clavellosa SW121005 Zooshikella gangwhensis 3 2 1 Bacillus subtilis 1 1 1 OR 5 1 0 Polysiphonia elongata SW121005 Zooshikella gangwhensis 10 14 15 Bacillus subtilis 1 2 1 OR 4 5 0 Striaria attenuata SW121005 Bacillus subtilis 2 2 2 OR 5 5 0 Polysiphonia stricta SW121005 Zooshikella gangwhensis 7 7 12 Bacillus subtilis 5 4 4 OR 4 5 0 Ascophyllum nodosum SW121005 Bacillus subtilis 1 1 0 Fucus vesiculosus S290605 Cytophaga sp. KT0803 4 3 2 Osmundea truncata SW121005 OR 2 3 3 Cytophaga sp. KT0803 4 5 2 Zooshikella gangwhensis 5 1 6 Laminaria saccharina SW121005 Cytophaga sp. KT0803 8th 5 6 Zooshikella gangwhensis 5 1 5 Polysiphonia nigra SW121005 Cytophaga sp. KT0803 5 7 7 OR 7 7 7 Bacillus subtilis 2 2 1 Polysiphonia fucoides A290905 Cytophaga sp. KT0803 2 4 2 Zooshikella gangwhensis 5 7 10 OR 3 1 1 Bacillus subtilis 1 1 2

4. Test for bactericidal action

Next The test for anti-colonization effect was also a test on bactericidal action is performed to determine if the observed effect due to bactericidal or biorepulsive action is. An agar plate was this by means of Drigalskispatel with 100 ul Inoculated bacterial suspension of a fresh overnight culture. On this plate were soaked with extract test slices hung up. To a non-bactericidal dilution step too determine a decreasing dilution series with 20 μl, 10 μl, 5 μl, 2.5 μl, and 1 μl Extract created. When comparing the tests for bactericidal action and the test on Besidenzungshemmung had to be considered be that in the former over the test discs no second Agar layer was and the diffusion thus only in one direction took place, so that in the test for Besidenzungshemmung the double Quantity had to be applied to comparable results receive. It was incubated at 28 ° C for 24 h, followed by macroscopic evaluation. He showed himself bacterial growth no inhibition court around the test disk, could be assumed that this no bactericidal activity has. Work was done with 2 replicates and the bacterial strains, against which in the previous test on colonization inhibition activity showed. Showed an extract in the test on colonization inhibition activity (i.e., an inhibition zone) and in the subsequent test for bactericidal Effect no activity (no inhibition), so could from it be assumed that biorepulsive activity is present.

When not bactericidal and at the same time colonization-resistant, and with it as biorepulsive, this proved in particular the extracts of Halidry's siliquosa, Ascophyllum nodosum, Saccharins altissima, Chondrus crispus, Ahnfeltia plicata and Desmarestia aculeata.

5. Algae Extract Screening in Surface Adhesion Test

To check the biorepulsive performance on hard surfaces, the extracts were first examined in a surface adhesion test. Adhesion tests for microorganisms (here: Staphylococcus aureus DSM799 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa DSM939) were carried out for this purpose. For this purpose, plastic test specimens (Thermanox) of the format 18 × 18 mm were first disinfected with 70% methyl alcohol for 10 minutes and then washed with sterile and distilled water and dried. The test samples thus prepared were covered with a germ suspension which additionally contained a corresponding algae extract concentration and incubated for one hour. Subsequently, the seed suspensions were filtered off with suction and the test pieces were washed twice. After transfer to sterile test plates, the test specimens for S. aureus were overlaid with nutrient agar and then incubated for 48 hours at 30 ° C. For P. aeruginosa, the test specimens were shaken in buffer, then overlaid with nutrient agar plus 10% TZC and then incubated for 24 hours at 30 ° C. The shaking fluid was filtered through a membrane and the filters were incubated on Caso agar for 24 hours at 30 ° C. The extent of seed growth, which suggests the colonization of the specimens with germs, is given relative to an approach without algae extract but with a corresponding solvent content in%. The germ load of the control specimen is set as 100%. Table 2: Best-acting algae extracts in the screening adhesion test 1. Ascophyllum nodosum (AE1) 2. Chondrus crispus (AE2) 3. Saccharina latissima (formerly Laminaria saccarina) (AE3) 4. Halydris siliquosa (AE4)

Table 2 shows the best-acting algae extracts in the adhesion test, with an effective effect always being defined as at least a 50% germ reduction compared to the control. The best algae extracts have a broad biorepulsive effect against both test organisms and have an optimal effect even at concentrations from 0.1% ( 2 and 4 ). The algae extracts of Chondrus crispus and Saccharins latissima are characterized by a more than 90% reduction in the germination of S. aureus ( 2 ), which is still around 50% in P. aeruginosa ( 4 ). Even at 1% extract concentration, no biocidal effects on S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were found in Chondrus crispus and Saccharins latissima, in contrast to Ascophyllum nodosum and Halydris siliquosa, which were bactericidal at high concentrations compared to S. aureus. Surprisingly, even at a non-biocidal 0.01% concentration, all algae extracts were active against the two test organisms, with particular extract from Asco phyllum nodosum against P. aeruginosa and the extracts of Saccharins latissima and Halydris siliquosa against S. aureus.

6. Chromatographic separation of extracts

The Extracts of Saccharins latissima and Chondrus crispus became one Chromatographic separation by thin layer chromatography subjected. For this purpose, DC finished films of Roth (Polygram SIL G / UV254). The marking of the starting line took place in a distance of 2 cm from the edge. The cuvette was 30 min filled with the solvent before the start of the experiment, to ensure an even distribution. For comparison, 5 μl, 10 μl and 30 μl were used Sample applied. A clear separation took place during a loading plates with 5 μl of sample, while at the Using 30 ul extract unclear bands formed.

• 1. Dichlormethan/Methanol (15 ml:15 ml)
• 2. Methanol
• 3. Ethylacetat/Methanol/Aqua dest. (100 ml:16,5 ml:13,5 ml)
• 4. Ethylacetat/n-Heptan (12 ml:18 ml)

In order to achieve an optimal separation, the following flow agents or mixtures were tested:

• 1. dichloromethane / methanol (15 ml: 15 ml)
• 2. methanol
• 3. ethyl acetate / methanol / aqua dest. (100 ml: 16.5 ml: 13.5 ml)
• 4. Ethyl acetate / n-heptane (12 ml: 18 ml)

While in the first three solvents or solvent mixtures the bands showed only in the upper third of the TLC plates, took place when using ethyl acetate / n-heptane a very good separation the extracts over the entire length of the plate.

7. Test of DC fractions on colonization inhibition

For The test of fractions on population inhibition were on a TLC plate each 15 ul extract and applied for 60 min run in the cuvette. Then it steamed the solvent under the hood at room temperature. The TLC plate was then placed on an agar plate and coated with a second layer of agar. As a treatment control served a test disk with the solvent, but without Extract. It was incubated at room temperature for 24 hours. Then the agar plates were incubated with the bacterial suspension (fresh overnight culture) overshadowed by Zooshikella gangwhensis and for 45 min. incubated at room temperature on the shaking table. Subsequently, the plates were washed twice with sterile seawater rinsed to remove unbound bacteria, and incubated for 24 h at 28 ° C. Now came the macroscopic growth control. Here was the distance from Edge of the test disc measured to the edge of the Hemmhofes. Everyone Extract was tested with 4 replicates (plates).

in this connection The extract of Saccharins latissima yielded inhibition sites one MW = 5.25 and SD = 2.06, the extract of Chondrus crispus only small inhibition zones (the test discs of r = 3 mm were without vegetation).

8. Determination of chemical properties the active fractions

The active fractions are said to have chemical properties be characterized.

For this extracts with the solvents ethanol, ethyl acetate, Hexane produced and checked their effect in the colonization test. For this, a weighed amount of the homogenized sample material was used dissolved in 25 ml of the respective solvent, extracted for 2 hours on the shaking table and then filtered off. The solvent was removed on a rotary evaporator again and the extract in 1 ml of dichloromethane / methanol mixture (1: 1 ratio) resuspended.

The colonization test gave the following results: Table 3: Inhibitory effect of extracts from Saccharins latissima: solvent Hemmhof (mm), Zooshikella gangwh. Hemmhof (mm), Cytophaga sp. ethanol 0 0 0 0 0 0 ethyl acetate 1 0 0 1 4 0 hexane 2 2 0 5 4 1 Table 4: Inhibitory effect of extracts from Chondrus crispus solvent Hemmhof (mm), Zooshikella gangwh. Hemmhof (mm), Cytophaga sp. ethanol 0 0 0 0 0 0 ethyl acetate 1 0 1 0 0 0 hexane 0 0 0 0 0 0

The Results indicate that the active substance from the extract of Saccharins latissima has apolar properties, the flow agent mixture from ethyl acetate / n-heptane indicates a lipophilic character.

9. Preparative thin-layer chromatography

For the preparative DC were finished plates (SIL G UV254) of the Roth company used, which have a layer thickness of 2 mm. The extract was prepared as previously described. As a superplasticizer Further, a mixture of ethyl acetate / n-heptane was used. In each case 300 μl sample was applied. The DC chamber was filled with 60 ml of solvent mixture. The plates were incubated for 60 min each in the DC chamber, then dried under the hood for 10 min and then processed further.

The Silica gel was removed from the plates along the course of the gangs removed by spatula, the material mortared in a mortar and then in 20 ml of dichloromethane / methanol mixture 1: 1 dissolved and for 30 min on the shaking table extracted. To separate the silica gel, the extract was filtered and then the solvent is removed on a rotary evaporator. The extract was resuspended in 1 ml of the starting solvent and tested in the colonization test.

The following result was shown: TABLE 5 Inhibitory effect of the extract from Saccharins latissima Gang no. colour R _F inhibitory effect 1 green 0.096 - 2 yellow 0.240 + 3 light green 0,500 - 4 Dark green 0.711 + 5 Colorless 1.00 + Table 6: Inhibitory effect of the extract from Chondrus crispus Gang no. colour R _F inhibitory effect 1 green 0,095 - 2 yellow 0,025 - 3 light green 0.485 + 4 Dark green 0.714 - 5 Colorless 1.00 -

in the Colonization test showed the bands of the extract from saccharin latissima (dichloromethane / methanol) Nos. 1 and 3 no inhibition. Of the Extract of Volumes No 2 (3/0/2), No 4 (2/1/0) and No 5 (5/1/0) had an inhibitory activity against Zooshikella gangwhensis.

Of the Extract of the band from Chondrus crispus (dichloromethane / methanol) No. 3 showed an inhibitory activity against Zooshikella gangwhensis (3/3/0). The extracts of the other bands showed no effect.

The experiment was repeated (see above), the concentration of the stock solution of the extract from Saccharins latissima was 80 μg / μl; from the stock solution of Chondrus crispus 26 μg / μl. Table 7: Inhibitory effect of the extract from Saccharins latissima Gang no. colour R _F inhibitory effect 1 Dark green 0.019 + 2 light green 0.064 - 3 light green 0.148 - 4 orange 0.225 - 5 light green 0,322 - 6 light green 0,483 - 7 light green 0.554 - 8th Almost colorless 0,670 - 9 black 0.761 - 10 yellow 0,800 + 11 Colorless 1.00 - Table 8: Inhibitory effect of the extract from Chondrus crispus Gang no. colour R _F inhibitory effect 1 Dark green 0,018 - 2 light green 0.156 - 3 orange 0.218 + 4 light green 0,250 - 5 light green 0,356 - 6 light green 0.437 - 7 light green 0,550 - 8th light green 0.681 + 9 yellow 0.725 - 10 Colorless 1.00 -

• *DCM/M – Dichlormethan/Methanol-Gemisch 50:50

Since in the test for solubility of the crude extracts using the solvent hexane showed interesting results in the bacterial colonization test, for comparison, a preparative thin layer chromatography with an extract, which was extracted in dichloromethane / methanol and additionally in hexane, performed. Table 9: Comparison of the inhibitory effect of extracts with different solvents algae solvent Volume stock solution (μl) Size of the zone of inhibition (mm) (distance between test disk edge and growth zone) Zooshikella gangwhensis Cytophaga spec. Saccharin's latissima DCM / M * 10 1/5/7 4/4/1 Saccharin's latissima DCM / M 20 10/10/10 1/6/3 Saccharin's latissima hexane 10 7/6/7 7/3/3 Saccharin's latissima hexane 20 3/2/7 2/1/1 Chondrus crispus DCM / M 10 4/0/2 2/1/1 Chondrus crispus DCM / M 20 7/6/5 - Chondrus crispus hexane 10 7/5/0 - Chondrus crispus hexane 20 8/2/5 2/111

• * DCM / M - dichloromethane / methanol mixture 50:50

The extract prepared as described above was not resuspended in DCM / M but extracted a second time in hexane (20 ml hexane, 30 min on shake table). The solvent was then removed on a rotary evaporator and the extract was resuspended in 1 ml of hexane. For the preparative DC, 500 μl of the respective stock solution were then applied and the plates were incubated for one hour in the chamber. After development of the plates, the silica gel was removed along the course of the bands using a spatula, the material was triturated in a mortar and then dissolved in 20 ml DCM / M and extracted for 2 h on the shaking table. To separate the silica gel, the extract was filtered and then the solvent was removed on a rotary evaporator. For the second extraction, the fraction was resuspended in 10 ml of hexane and incubated on the shaking table for 30 min. In this second hexane extraction, an insoluble phase formed. This could be dissolved by the addition of 2.5 ml of a methanol / ethanol mixture (1: 5). The fractions were resuspended in 500 μl of hexane / metanol / ethanol mixture and are tested in the colonization test. Table 10: Inhibitory effect of the extract from Saccharins latissima (DCM → hexane → HME) Gang no. colour R _F Inhibition of Cytophaga sp. (Mm) Inhibition of Bacillus aquimaris (mm) 1 light green 0.02 - - 2 orange 0.16 - - 3 light green 0.21 - - 4 light green 0.27 - - 5 light green 0.35 - - 6 Colorless 0.64 1.1 5.5 7 Dark green 0.79 2.2 2.2 8th orange 0.86 1.1 2.1 9 Colorless 1.00 - - Table 11: Inhibitory effect of the extract from Chondrus crispus (DCM → hexane → HME) Gang no. colour R _F Inhibition of Cytophaga sp. (Mm) 1 Dark green 0.03 - 2 Colorless 0.09 - 3 orange 0.16 - 4 light green 0.34 2.1 5 Colorless 0.52 3.1 6 Dark green 0.6 - 7 Colorless 0.74 - 8th Dark green 0.83 3.2 9 Colorless 1.00 -

Thus, fractions L6-L8 and C4-C5 as well as fraction C8 prove to be inhibitory in the colonization test, whereas in the previous tests with dichloromethane / methanol as solvent the fractions L10 and C8 were found to be effective. 10. Liquid detergent raw material Quantity in weight percent C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ fatty alcohol + 7 EO (Dehydol LT 7, Cognis) 15 C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ fatty alcohol C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ fatty alcohol + 7 EO (Dehydol LT 7, Cognis) + 2 EO sulfate, sodium salt (Texapon N 70, Cognis) 7 C _8-18 fatty acid cut (coconut oil fatty acid, Edenor K12-18, Cognis) 8th sodium citrate 1.5 enzymes + dye + Perfume + seaweed extract 0.2 water Ad 100 11. Pre-portioned liquid detergent in polyvinyl alcohol film raw material Quantity in weight percent C _12-14 fatty alcohol + 5-EO + 4-PO (Marlox MO 154, Sasol) 25 Dodecylbenzenesulfonate isopropylammonium salt (LAS-MIPA, Sasol) 24.5 C _8-18 fatty acid cut (coconut oil fatty acid, Edenor K12-18, Cognis) 17.5 ethanol 3.5 sodium citrate 0.6 enzymes 2.0 water 6.0 seaweed extract 0.2 dye + Perfume + propylene glycol ad 100

The pre-portioned detergent is dosed with 50 ml. 12. Powdered detergent raw material Quantity in weight percent C ₁₀ -C ₁₃ -alkylbenzenesulfonate 13.3 C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ alkyl sulfate 5.5 C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ -alcohol with 7 EO 5.3 C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ -alcohol with 4.5 EO 0.6 Soil Repellent 0.7 C ₁₆ -C ₁₈ fatty acid (Edenor ST1 C ₁₆ -C ₁₈ , Cognis) 0.8 Polyethylene glycol molecular weight = 4000 g / mol 1.8 phosphonate 1.0 polyacrylates 2.8 carboxymethylcellulose 0.9 polyvinylpyrrolidone 0.5 Zeolite (anhydrous active substance) 32.1 sodium 4.5 sodium tricitrate 3.6 citric acid 3.7 sodium 4.9 sodium sulphate 3.8 defoamers + enzymes + dye + Perfume + seaweed extract 0.2 Water / salts Ad 100

The Detergent is dosed at 75 g.

pictures

In 1 the results of the suspension experiment with Staphylococcus aureus are presented, in which the bactericidal activity was checked. In 2 The results of the adhesion test with Staphylococcus are shown on plastic surfaces.

In 3 the results of the suspension experiment with Pseudomonas aeruginosa are shown, in 4 the results of the adhesion test on plastic surfaces.

It it can be seen that the adhesion of the bacteria is reduced may be without bactericidal activity.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - DE 3602526 [0080]
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Cited non-patent literature

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• CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary (The Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance, Inc., 1997 [0141]
• P. Finkel in SÖFW Journal 122, 543 (1996) [0174]

Claims (30)

Use of an algae extract and / or a organic isolate thereof and / or a derivative thereof for temporary or permanent equipment of surfaces. Use according to claim 1 for reducing the adhesion from biological material to surfaces. Use according to claim 2, characterized that the biological material is microorganisms or Proteins acts. Use according to claim 3, characterized that the microorganisms are selected from the group of bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses and microalgae. Use according to claim 4, characterized that the bacteria are selected from marine and / or pathogenic bacteria. Use according to claim 4, characterized that the mushrooms are selected from yeasts, molds and / or keratinophilic fungi. Use according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the algae extract selected is from algae extracts of the strains Chromophycota and Rhodophycota. Use according to claim 7, characterized that the algae extract is selected from algae extracts of Orders Fucales, Laminariales, Dictyosiphonales, Gigartinales, Ceramiales, Rhodymeniales, Desmarestiales, Ahnfeltiales or Cryptonemiales. Use according to claim 8, characterized that the algae extract is selected from extracts Ceramium sp., Polysiphonia sp., Fucus sp., Polyides sp., Callophylis Sp., Halidrys sp., Rhodomela sp., Lomentaria sp., Striaria sp., Ascophyllum sp., Osmundea sp., Ahnfeltia sp., Desmarestia sp. and Saccharin sp. Use according to claim 9, characterized that the algae extract is selected from extracts Halidry's siliquosa, Ascophyllum nodosum, Saccharins altissima, Chondrus crispus, Ahnfeltia plicata and Desmarestia aculeata and theirs Mixtures. Use according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the algae extract, the isolate thereof or the derivative thereof in the final concentrations used biocidal or biostatic effect. Use according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the algae extract and / or an organic Isolate thereof and / or a derivative thereof prior to adhesion is applied to protected surface or in the material whose surface is resistant to adhesion is to be protected, is incorporated. Use according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the adhesion of biological Material on filter media, building materials and / or building aids reduced becomes. Use according to claim 13, characterized that the building materials and / or building aids are selected from adhesives, sealants, fillers and paints, plastics, Lacquers, paints, plaster, mortar, screed, concrete, insulating materials and primers. Use according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the adhesion of microorganisms on textiles, ceramics, metals, glass, furs, paper, skins, Leather and / or plastics is reduced. Use according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the algae extract in means for Equipment for packaging, filter media, adhesives, Building materials, building aids, textiles, furs, paper, skins or Leather is used. Use according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the use in detergents, Detergents, rinse-offs, hand detergents, hand dishwashing detergents, Machine dishwashing detergents or textile treatment agents he follows. Use according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the use in cosmetic Agents and / or in personal care products. Use according to claim 18, characterized that the cosmetic agent is an oral, dental or Dental prosthesis care agent acts. Use according to claim 18, characterized that the personal care product is a cream, Lotion, a shower, foam and / or foot bath or a hair treatment is. Use according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the use in an antifouling, Soil repellency and / or soil release funds done. Use according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the algae extract in amounts of 0.01-3.0 wt .-% is used. Compositions selected from the group consisting of detergents and cleaners, cosmetic or pharmaceutical Preparations, antifouling agents, soil repellency or soil release agents, Means for finishing packaging, filter media, Building materials, building aids, textiles, furs, paper, skins or Leather containing at least one algae extract and / or at least an organic isolate thereof and / or at least one derivative thereof. Compositions according to Claim 23, characterized that the algae extract is selected from algae extracts the strains Chromophycota and Rhodophycota. Materials selected from the group from packaging, filter media, building materials, building aids, textiles, Furs, paper, skins or leather, characterized in that at least one algae extract, at least one organic isolate from it and / or at least one derivative thereof and / or equipped with this. Materials according to claim 25, characterized that the building materials and / or building aids are selected from the group consisting of adhesives, sealants, fillers and paints, Plastics, paints, paints, plaster, mortar, screed, concrete, Insulating materials and primers. Materials according to claim 25 or 26, characterized that the algae extract is selected from algae extracts the strains Chromophycota and Rhodophycota. Use of an algae extract and / or an isolate from it and / or a derivative thereof for the production of a pharmaceutical Preparation for the treatment and / or prophylaxis of bacterial or fungal infections. Method of controlling for microbial interaction based operations, characterized in that one a) determines the interacting microorganisms, if any, b) optionally among the algae extracts, their organic isolates and / or their derivatives, the appropriate compound or suitable Select connections, and c) the selected one Connection or selected connections in for the desired control of sufficient amount of the medium in which the microbial interaction takes place. Use of an algae extract and / or an organic Isolates thereof and / or a derivative thereof for the control of microbial interaction-based processes, in particular to control the formation and / or maturation of biofilms.