DE102005056178A1 - Active reactive armor - Google Patents

Abstract

Active protection system for protection against adjacent projectiles, which is adapted to a vehicle and which has at least one sensor, a data processing system and an effector and in which this effector is a reactive armor element.

Description

combat vehicles are usually equipped today with armor to the valuable vehicles and the crews from enemy fire Combat vehicles or equipped with armor-piercing weapons Protect infantrymen.

• 1. Wirkweise Passivpanzerung: Bei den passiven Panzerungen wird der Schutz durch Panzerungsmaterialkombinationen (Schottpanzerung) oder durch die Erhöhung der Wandstärke der Panzerung erreicht.
• 2. Wirkweise Reaktivpanzerung: Der Plasmastrahl eines auftreffenden Hohlladungsgeschosses soll sich bei der Ablösung der Stahlplatte der Reaktivpanzerung an der Stahlplatte aufbrauchen und es kommt bei optimalen Voraussetzung zu einem schlüssellochartigem Einbrand in diese Stahlplatte; außerdem wird durch die explosive Ablösung der Stahlplatte der Hohlladungsstrahl gestört. Darüber hinaus soll die Reaktivpanzerung auch gegen auftreffende KE-Geschosse schützen. Dabei zündet der mit der Geschwindigkeit v_p auf die Reaktivpanzerung auftreffende Penetrator den zwischen den Platten befindlichen Sprengstoff. Durch die Explosion des Sprengstoffs trennen sich die beiden Plattenteile mit der Plattengeschwindigkeit v_pl voneinander und die nun auf den eingedrungenen Penetrator wirkenden Scherkräfte brechen bzw. schädigen den Penetrator soweit, dass seine Wirkung stark gemindert wird. Dieses Prinzip der reaktiven Panzerung wird unter anderem auch in der Patentschrift DE 19707160 und DE 3515792 behandelt.
• 3. Wirkweise Aktive Panzerung: Hier soll das anfliegende Geschoss im Nah- oder Fernbereich vor Auftreffen auf die Panzerung zerstört werden. Hierfür ist ein Sensor zur Erfassung des anfliegenden Geschosses, eine Datenverarbeitungsanlage und eine Effektor zur Abwehr des Geschosses nötig. Als Effektoren werden im Fernbereich Splitter- oder High Explosive (HE)-Werfergranaten, im Nahbereich Flugplatten eingesetzt. So besteht das ARENA-System (im russischem T-80U M1 BARS integriert) aus einem hoch herausragenden Radarkopf, der DV-Anlage und als Effektor aus einem um dem Turm montiertem Kragen aus Splitterkassetten. Aus diesem werden beim russischem ARENA-System einem anfliegendem Geschoss einfache Stahlplatten „entgegengeworfen".

Known armor systems are passive, reactive and active armor, which offer more or less protection against approaching shaped charges or kinetic energy (KE) bullets, depending on the effect. These systems work as follows:

• 1. Mode of action Passive armor: In the case of passive armor protection is achieved by armor material combinations (bulkhead armor) or by increasing the wall thickness of the armor.
• 2. Mode of action Reactive armor: The plasma jet of an impinging shaped charge projectile is to be used up in the replacement of the steel plate of the reactive armor on the steel plate and it comes with optimal conditions for a keyhole-like penetration into this steel plate; In addition, the hollow charge jet is disturbed by the explosive detachment of the steel plate. In addition, the reactive armor should also protect against impacting KE projectiles. The penetrating with the speed v _p on the reactive armor penetrator ignites the explosives located between the plates. Due to the explosion of the explosive, the two plate parts with the plate speed v _pl separate from each other and now acting on the penetrator penetrated shear forces break or damage the penetrator so far that its effect is greatly reduced. This principle of reactive armor is described, inter alia, in the patent DE 19707160 and DE 3515792 treated.
• 3. Mode of action Active armor: Here, the incoming missile in the near or far range is to be destroyed before striking the armor. For this purpose, a sensor for detecting the approaching projectile, a data processing system and an effector to ward off the projectile is necessary. As effectors in the long-range splinter or high explosive (HE) -Werfergranaten, used in close range flying plates. Thus, the ARENA system (integrated in the Russian T-80U M1 BARS) consists of a highly outstanding radar head, the DV system and as an effector from a collar of splitter cassettes mounted around the tower. From this, simple steel plates are "thrown" against a flying bullet in the Russian ARENA system.

• 1. Aktives Fahrzeug-Schutz-System (AFSS), ein aktives Hardkill-System für gepanzerte Fahrzeuge gegen eine Bedrohung durch Hohlladungen (Panzerabwehrraketen/Panzerfäuste) mit v <= 800 m/s. Radarsensoren entdecken und verfolgen eine Bedrohung auf 400 m rundum. Die Vernichtung erfolgt etwa 25 m vor dem Fahrzeug durch Splittergranaten, die aus zwei Werfern eingesetzt werden. Es wird eine Wirkreduzierung der Hohlladung um ca. 90% angestrebt.
• 2. Aktives KE-Schutz-System (AKESS), ein aktives Hardkill-System gegen KE-Geschosse. Nach der Entdeckung bis zu 400 m vor dem Fahrzeug erfolgt der Einsatz einer Sprenggranate so, dass sie 10 m vor der Front des Panzers detoniert und damit die Eindringtiefe des KE-Geschosses zumindest drastisch reduziert wird.

Further known active armor systems are, for example, the AFSS or AKE system, which are described below:

• 1. Active Vehicle Protection System (AFSS), an active hard-kill system for armored vehicles against a threat of shaped charges (antitank missiles / bazookas) with v <= 800 m / s. Radar sensors discover and track a threat at 400m all around. The destruction takes place about 25 m in front of the vehicle by fragmentation grenades, which are used from two throwers. It is desired to reduce the effect of hollow charge by about 90%.
• 2. Active KE protection system (AKESS), an active hard-kill system against KE projectiles. After the discovery up to 400 m in front of the vehicle the use of an explosive grenade takes place so that it detonates 10 m in front of the front of the tank and thus the penetration depth of the KE projectile is at least drastically reduced.

The described active protection systems have the disadvantage that the effectiveness against KE projectiles is severely limited, because KE projectiles reach speeds in the range of approx. 1800 m / s and due to the high density of the material (for example tungsten) correspondingly have a high kinetic energy. The effect of splinters (AFSS) or blast grenades (AKESS) the heavy KE bullet is low and will be on the way in the goal is only slightly influenced.

The pure reactive armor is directly on the armor of the combat vehicle Applied and also has the disadvantage that the kinetic Energy of the KE projectile difficult to dismantle, since the KE projectile already close of the vehicle and so definitely on the armor or acts on the vehicle.

task This invention is thus intended to describe the combination of active protection systems with reactive protective elements, thus providing effective defense against KE projectiles to achieve.

The solution this task is done with the existing ARENA system, for example achieved so that no longer simple protective plates, but reactive elements are thrown against the approaching KE projectile. The thus achieved advantage of this protection system is that the reactive element already far in front of the vehicle and not on the vehicle its protective effect exercises. Thus, the benefits of reactive armor (high efficiency on impact of projectiles) and the active armor (effect the protection already far away from the combat vehicle).

description an embodiment:

The existing ARENA system is thrown in place instead of the projectile simple steel plates equipped with reactive plates. As a reactive element consists of 2 separated by explosives steel plates, is at Impact of the projectile of the explosive ignited and after the Actio = Reactio principle a steel plate accelerated in the direction of the projectile and the other accordingly in the other direction. Since the reactive element from a splitter cassette The bullet was previously thrown against the explosives used extremely unresponsive and may ignite only when striking the projectile.

• 1. Radar hat anfliegendes Ziel detektiert (siehe 1)
• 2. DV-Anlage berechnet optimalen Zeitpunkt zur Absprengung der Reaktivplatte und wirft die Reaktivplatte dem Geschoss entgegen (siehe 2)
• 3. Beim Aufprall Geschoss-Reaktivplatte wird der zwischen den Platten befindliche Sprengstoff gezündet. Durch die Explosion des Sprengstoffs trennen sich die beiden Plattenteile voneinander und die nun auf den in die Plattenteile eingedrungenen Penetrator wirkenden Scherkräfte brechen bzw. schädigen den Penetrator so weit, dass seine Wirkung stark gemindert wird (Prinzip der reaktiven Panzerung – siehe Patentschrift DE 3515792 oder DE 19707160 )

The control process: thus consists of the following 3 control levels:

• 1. Radar has detected approaching target (see 1 )
• 2. DV system calculates optimal time for blowing off the reactive plate and throws the reactive plate towards the projectile (see 2 )
• 3. In the impact projectile reactive plate, the explosive located between the plates is ignited. Due to the explosion of the explosive material, the two plate parts separate from each other and now acting on the penetrated into the plate penetrator shear forces break or damage the penetrator so far that its effect is greatly reduced (principle of reactive armor - see patent DE 3515792 or DE 19707160 )

1

radar head

2

data line to the DV (data processing system)

3

charge to detach the reactive plate

4

Reactive element consisting of 2 steel plates separated by explosive (black) are

5

element to initiate the replacement the reactive plate

6

data line to the removal device

7

DV

8th

stylized Combat Vehicle Tower

 9

anfliegendes bullet

Claims (1)

Active protection system, in particular for protection against approaching projectiles, which is adapted to a vehicle and has at least one sensor, a data processing system and an effector, characterized in that the effector is a reactive armor element.