EP1075639B1 - Ammunition body, a method for inserting, and its use - Google Patents

Abstract

A first effective charge (7) is distanced from the pre-charge (5) in an opposite direction to firing. The covering (3) of the pore-charge in its axial area projects in relation to an adjacent coaxial area and is rotation symmetrical. The covering in its axial area has a material thickening relative to its peripheral area. In the explosive of the hollow charge inert bodies are inserted which on initiation guide the detonation wave into the covering. Beyond the pre-charge (5) are at least two effective charges (7) of different characteristics.

Description

The present invention relates to an ammunition body according to the preamble of claim 1.

Two tier warheads, also called tandem warheads, are among others against relatively thin armor and cells with sensitive content, such as helicopters, Airplanes and ships used. The one used here Preloading is one of the so-called projectile-forming charges (English self-forging fragments) and has the task to punch or drill a hole as large as possible at the finish.

A warhead with a tandem charge includes known from EP -A1- 0 583 642, which is integrated in a bazooka, to fight an enemy in their cover serves. The protective wall or barricade, for example is shot through with a shaped charge; with an additional charge Splinters are generated behind the cover. The ignition on the cover takes place via piezo igniter hard targets and soft targets using proximity detonators. The additional charge must always be delayed be initiated in order to not to endanger the shooter. This warhead has the disadvantage that the second charge, or margin charge, called a relative must have small caliber to reach the target area to be able to penetrate. Accordingly, it can only be a limited one Create effect in the actual target. Likewise is an application-dependent due to the relatively small active body Time delay necessary so that this is possible close to the actual, to be destroyed or to be disturbed Target is fired.

Such warheads are therefore unsuitable for targets with redundant devices such as helicopters or ships, since either their limited effect by a Replacement system compensated and / or by an internal partition is additionally reduced or even eliminated.

From GB -A- 1 051 407 is a shaped charge according to the The preamble of claim 1 is known. To achieve a over-calibrated hole, here is a subpoena with a protruding rotationally symmetrical lining, proposed. Through this hole one should follow arranged active charge penetrate easily and deeply into the target can. Practical tests and computational simulations but have shown that this does not work, because the resulting annular and collapsed shaped charge before the goal widens and its Cutting effect loses. The arrangement reduces the Breakdown performance compared to conventional shaped charges instead of increasing it. She is also in her performance strongly angle-dependent, i.e. an oblique impact of the ring-shaped, broad beam leads to it in the target Distraction and shows no useful effect.

A similar situation can also apply to a shaped charge according to the exemplary embodiments the FR -E- 73 306 can be observed. Especially The discontinuities and the negative effects large gradients in the lining profile; these linings collapse. The maximum achievable borehole diameter is opposite the notoriously known, kegeloder bell-shaped linings not enlarged.

Shaped charges are also known (US -A- 2 809 585) where those behind the lining of the cone-shaped summons Inert bodies are arranged, on the one hand, the detonation wave steer and on the other hand prevent the Reload resp. the downstream projectile through the Detonation front of the subpoena is adversely affected. This well-known charge also reveals the features according to the preamble of procedural claim 10. - The Object provides improved system security, he but can only be used for the depicted, relative to the subpoena small reloads can be used. This is also here borehole achieved by the preload is only about the usual 0.4 times the caliber of the summons.

Another shaped charge with one or more cones protruding linings is from US -A- 5,663,475 known. This shaped charge is primarily for applications in oil exploration and production. Doing so the explosive charge and the shaped charge in one massive guide anvil, which serves to direct the beam. This arrangement results in holes below the caliber size in the target and tends due to the outer beam path big losses, which negatively affects the depth of penetration of the annular beam.

A spherical lining characterized by three radii is described in US-A-5 320 044. Through this Lining should have two beams, one leading and one trailing ray are generated to penetrate deeper to achieve in the goal. The necessary acceleration the lining is made by an oversized, in your Diameter of this large-caliber one that is several times superior Explosive charge. The hole that can be reached at the target is consequently only a fraction of the caliber of the explosive charge.

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide an ammunition body to create the over-calibrated hole in the target can and if necessary brings a large effective load to the destination. The ammunition is said to fight transport or Combat helicopters or in torpedoes against under or Above-water targets can be used. That by the subpoena The opening created in the goal should be the way for a big one Expose the active charge and do not hinder it.

The subject of the invention is also intended in the civilian field be usable, especially in places that are difficult to access, where conventional drilling methods are limited due to Not enough space or only with a large amount of material and time expenditure are applicable.

This task is accomplished through an ammunition body and a process for its use with the features of claims 1 and 10 met.

The configuration of the subpoena according to the invention results the surprising effect that it created Borehole is actually larger than the caliber of the summons yourself and without the breakthrough performance (Drilling depth) significant compared to conventional cutting loads is reduced. This allows one or more Active charges, which are high Explosive or other to combat the specific Have effective properties.

The lining as such is characterized by its ignited charge to a stable floor in the form of a fragmented, strongly widened ring, which due to its size over any components in front, such as sensors and / or electronics fly away and their function not ended prematurely.

The projecting lining, also called insert, is in the Contrasted with the knowledge in the specialist literature; the basic literature on shaped charges assumes this from that a liner in its axial area concave, i.e. except conical or bell-shaped, designed must be.

The lining according to the invention consists of those for this known ductile materials such as aluminum, iron, Electrolytic copper, lead, or tantalum and punches in the target an over-caliber disc through which one or more large effective loads without problems, i.e. without high kinetic Losses can penetrate deeply.

Under the term distance igniter used in claim 10 means every form of proximity fuse, whereby in In the simplest case, a double hood with internal contacting triggers the detonator on impact with the target. at stationary applications, for example in civil areas, this means an ignition at stand-off from at least one caliber to the target or to be drilled out Area.

A lining formed with the features of claim 1 acts as highly accelerated when hitting the target Cutting ring, the large-area fragments of which turn to the ideal orthogonal position on their flight and break through this with great energy. In practice arises at the target, analogous to punching in metal processing, a circular cutout with a completely different from the Environment separated inner pane.

The resulting differential acceleration of the Cutting ring is only minimally sensitive to an oblique Impact angle and results even at large distances the goal is a high penetration performance.

Further developments are in the following dependent claims specified the subject of the invention.

The subject of the invention relates to military applications especially on tandem or multiple warheads.

The ammunition body according to claim 2 results in a cheap Beam formation, so that a widened cutting ring is created.

A lining according to claim 3 in a spherical is favorable Dimensional shape.

Claims 4 to 6 define further advantageous refinements of these spatial forms.

The radii of curvature listed in claim 7 have proven favorable proved.

The inclusion of straight-line surfaces of rotation is also advantageous according to claim 8.

By inserting inert bodies, the effect of the Detonation wave on the lining additionally optimized become, claim 9.

By adding different active charges Characteristics, for example those with a primary gas pressure effect and subsequent splintering becomes a maximum Effect achieved in the target.

The method of claim 10 leads to an optimal Use of the ammunition body according to the invention and leaves Adjustments to specific targets to be combated. For example in which the opening created by the subpoena fully used by the subsequent active charges or all loads on top of each other, on the armor and. be coordinated with the required depth effect in the target.

The one known per se has a particularly positive effect on the combat value delayed ignition of the active charge as this due to the large opening with high opening created by the summons kinetic energy, can penetrate far into the target. there the caliber of the active charge can be easily and without limitation, in full diameter.

The ammunition body is preferred in the sense of claim 11 used.

Representing numerous, not yet tested in detail Civilian applications, especially exploration, Extraction and transportation of minerals and pumpable media are the other claims 12 and 13.

Exemplary embodiments are described below with the aid of drawings the invention explained in more detail.

Fig. 1

einen Munitionskörper mit einer Tandemladung,

Fig. 2

eine Auskleidung, wie sie in ihrer Art in der Vorladung nach Fig. 1 verwendet ist,

Fig. 3

eine Variante zur Auskleidung Fig. 2,

Fig. 4

eine typisierte Variante einer Auskleidung in Momentaufnahmen beim Einsatz und

Fig. 5 bis Fig. 7

drei weitere typisierte Varianten von Auskleidungen in Momentaufnahmen beim Einsatz.

Show it:

Fig. 1

an ammunition with a tandem charge,

Fig. 2

a lining of the type used in the subpoena according to FIG. 1,

Fig. 3

a variant of the lining Fig. 2,

Fig. 4

a typed variant of a lining in snapshots during use and

5 to 7

three further typed variants of linings in snapshots during use.

In Fig. 1, 1 is a projectile with a tandem warhead designated. This floor 1 has a known one Double hood 2, which when they hit the target galvanically connects an ignition circuit, i.e. closes.

A preload 8 has a specially shaped lining 3 on, which can be accelerated by a snug charge 4 is. Behind is in a space 11 in Ammunition body 1 is a commercially available first ignition system 6 placed. This is followed by an active charge 7 which a high gas pressure effect is optimized and in its matrix Has stored fragments. The active charge 7 shows the full The caliber of the bullet opens and ends in a conical Rejuvenation 5.

The active charge 7 is ignited by a second ignition system 9, whose delay time is programmable depending on the target.

A solid-state engine 10, known, serves as the drive Design type. Leave hinged vanes 13 with rollers 14 centered in a launch tube, not shown insert; the corresponding axes of rotation are designated 15. A circular protection is used to protect the pipe Baffle plate 16, which after the ignition of the engine 10 is expelled.

When set up, after the shot, show up the guide vanes 13 in the form of a radial tail unit 12, as indicated in the drawing. This tail 12 prevents rotation ("spin") of the ammunition body 1 and thereby ensures an optimal cutting effect of the shaped charge in the target, here a hole 1.5 times Diameter of the caliber from a steel plate with a Thickness of 0.15 caliber is punched out. The inner, Accelerated disc in flight direction results with a Diameter of 1.0 times the caliber.

The subsequent real charge 7 can thus be unimpeded penetrate their full caliber to the finish and even with slight inherent bulkheads due to their inherent kinetic energy penetrate and ignited there delayed, a high pressure and Develop a splintering effect.

Characteristic delay times between initiation the summons and a subsequent real charge depending on the speed of the engine, 2.0 ms up to 10 ms.

Possible configurations of the lining according to the invention can be seen from the following FIGS. 2 to 7, wherein Identify the same functional parts with the same reference numbers are.

The schematically shown precharge 8, Fig. 2, is also rotationally symmetrical and shows on its front F a spherical lining 3a made of aluminum. Their shape can be described as an annular bowl shape. The Radii of the shells are denoted by R and r, here R = 0.85 caliber and r = 0.75 caliber.

The explosives are initiated in a notoriously known manner Way through an igniter 6 with a downstream, also known inert body 17 (English wave shaper) for Direction of the detonation front in the axial area m.

The clamping point of the lining is in FIGS. 2 to Fig. 7 designated p and corresponds to its peripheral Border area.

In deviation from FIG. 2, the lining 3b in FIG. 3 formed from flat surfaces and exists in this variant made of an alloy of lead with 12% tin. Is also the lining 3b projecting in the axial area the neighboring coaxial area n.

Instead of an inert body, the igniter 6 is here Ignition amplifier 6 'connected downstream.

4 to 7 are those shown schematically Preloads 8 typed, namely the variant in FIG. 4 marked with A and representative for in the axial area m thickened linings 3c. Variants B, Fig. 5 to Fig. 7 relate to linings 3d with uniform Wall thickness; Linings 3e with peripherally increasing wall thickness and in the axial area m thinner linings 3f.

In all of Figures 4 to 7 are the trajectories of the fragments 3c 'to 3f' of the respective linings 3c to 3f recorded on their flight to destination 20 and their direction of rotation Θ - characterized by arrows.

In any case, initiation of the charge 4 in a distance of 2.5 to 3.0 times the caliber of the load went out.

In target 20, fragments 3c 'to 3f' punch an annular space 21 with an outer diameter of 2.2 times the caliber and an inner diameter that is about the caliber equivalent. The resulting disc 22 is perfect punched.

The front surfaces of the room are like the illustrations 1 to 7 show, viewed in cross section, in all examples, in a mathematical sense, and their Slope (= 1st derivative) within absolute values from 0.0 to 0.9. The lining tends to be above 0.9 for collapsing, the cutting ring becoming fragments decays.

The subject matter of the invention can be adapted appropriately to numerous weapon systems but also to numerous adapt civil applications.

In the military field, Torpedoes conceivable, which ones the over-caliber opening, for example in a ship's hull use active charges to introduce several levels. In new weapon systems, components such as Sensors and / or control electronics in the head of the projectile can be arranged without this already through the Preload itself damaged, drop out of service prematurely. - The active power of the summons is such Arrangement not disturbed; the length of the ammunition could be better used and the overall ballistics improved.

In civilian applications, Bursting openings possible, those in the case of emergency shutdowns on heavily loaded Containers are to be made. There are also rapid floods of tightly closed rooms, e.g. in case of fire, but also pressure relief possible without special Installation of expensive closures and / or drive means are necessary. The second load can do a lot be small or even drop out and / or through one in the Large-caliber element insertable like a hole Pipeline, slide valve etc. are replaced or these elements can be accelerated by the small load, inserted and / or pressed in.

There are also similar applications in the field of oil exploration and funding conceivable and by no means limited to these. In any case, the subject matter of the invention leaves numerous Variants and adaptations to the local conditions to and could also be used in disaster situations become, if usual dependent on stationary auxiliary energies Funds fail.

Claims (13)

1. A rotationally symmetrical ammunition body having a distance igniter and a shaped charge with a ductile metal lining which terminates an explosive charge at the front end over its entire face, the lining of the preliminary charge being constructed in its axial region (m) to be rotationally symmetrical and to project with respect to an adjacent coaxial region (n), characterised in that the three-dimensional area formed in this manner at the front end is continuous between its peripheral fixing point (p) and its axial region (m) and in that the gradient in the radial direction does not exceed an absolute value of 0.9.
2. An ammunition body according to Claim 1, characterised in that the thickness of the material of the lining (3a) is greater in its axial region (m) than in its peripheral region (n).
3. An ammunition body according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the lining (3; 3a) has a spherical three-dimensional shape.
4. An ammunition body according to Claim 3, characterised in that the front end (F) of the lining (3; 3a) has a smaller radius of curvature (r; R) than its rear end.
5. An ammunition body according to Claim 3, characterised in that the front end (F) of the lining (3e) has a larger radius of curvature (r; R) that its rear end.
6. An ammunition body according to Claim 3, characterised in that the front end (F) and the rear end of the lining (3d) have identical radii of curvature (r; R).
7. An ammunition body according to Claims 3 to 6, characterised in that the radii of curvature (r; R) of the lining (3; 3a; 3e-3f) are in the range of 0.2 to 2.0 times the calibre of the ammunition body.
8. An ammunition body according to Claim 1, characterised in that the lining (3; 3b) is at least partially delimited by linear surfaces of revolution.
9. An ammunition body according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterised in that inert bodies (17) are placed in the explosive charge (4) and, after their initiation, guide the resulting detonation waves into the lining (3).
10. A process for using a multistage rotationally symmetrical warhead, having at the front end an ammunition body with a distance igniter, at least this preliminary charge being a shaped charge having a ductile metal lining, according to one of Claims 1 to 9, at least one effective charge being arranged distanced from this preliminary charge in opposition to the launching direction, and the preliminary charge being ignited at a distance from the target of 2 to 10 times the calibre of the ammunition body, as a result of which the lining thereof forms a cutting beam which creates in the target a bore through which at least one effective charge penetrates inside the target body and is detonated there after a time delay, characterized in that the cutting beam of the preliminary charge widens at the front into a conical ring shape, as a result of which a bore having a diameter of 1.0 to 2.2 times the calibre is created in the target, and in that, by means of its inherent kinetic energy, the full calibre of the follow-up effective charge penetrates unimpeded into the target.
11. Utilization of the ammunition body according to at least one of Claims 1 to 9 for combating relatively lightly armoured targets, namely in explosive projectiles against transport helicopters and/or fighter helicopters or in torpedoes against underwater or surface targets.
12. Utilization of the ammunition body according to at least one of Claims 1 to 9 for specific opening of poorly accessible components and formations.
13. Utilization of the ammunition body according to at least one of Claims 1 to 9 for specific opening, introduction and attachment of rotationally symmetrical elements, such as pipe connections, seals, and valves, in poorly accessible components and formations.

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