CN216309983U - Integrative test device of fine grained soil consolidation breathing and dry-wet cycle - Google Patents
Integrative test device of fine grained soil consolidation breathing and dry-wet cycle Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A fine grained soil consolidation swelling and shrinkage and dry-wet cycle integrated test device comprises an outer ring container used for simulating temperature, humidity and wind speed conditions; the annular inner ring container is used for applying lateral pressure to the multi-cavity film covering structure, and a lower permeable plate is arranged in an open area formed in the inner ring container; a sample is arranged above the lower porous plate, an upper porous plate, a pressurizing base and a top cover are sequentially arranged on the top surface of the sample from bottom to top, a plurality of displacement sensors in a no-load state are arranged on the lower end surface of the top cover, the upper end surface of the pressurizing base is connected with an external pressurizing mechanism, a pressure sensor and a displacement sensor in a load state are arranged on the pressurizing base, a temperature, humidity and wind speed sensor is arranged on the inner wall of the outer ring container, and a water content sensor is arranged around the sample; the various sensors, the displacement meter and the camera are connected with a multi-channel data acquisition instrument; the utility model also discloses a corresponding test method; the change of the consolidation expansion and shrinkage of the soil body of the fine-grained soil under different dry and wet cycle conditions is evaluated more comprehensively; the test efficiency, the flexibility, the applicability and the accuracy are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the field of geotechnical and engineering, in particular to a fine grained soil consolidation swelling and shrinkage and dry-wet cycle integrated test device and a test method thereof, which are suitable for but not limited to research on consolidation, swelling and shrinkage and dry-wet cycle characteristics of various types of soil.
Background
The fine soil has the property of volume increase due to the increase of the water content, and is called expansibility; the property of volume reduction due to loss of water from the soil is called shrinkage. The increase and decrease of the water content in the fine grained soil are mainly caused by external factors, such as precipitation, changes of surface water and underground water, changes of air temperature and humidity, and the like. The expansion and shrinkage of fine-grained soil have great influence on engineering buildings, and the expansion and shrinkage of the soil not only reduce the strength of the soil, but also cause deformation of the soil, thereby causing damage to the buildings. Slopes composed of fine-grained soil often slide due to expansion of the soil body, and harm is brought to engineering. Therefore, the research on the swelling and shrinking property of the fine soil is of great significance in engineering practice. In engineering works, a structure built on expansive soil in which the water content is maintained is not subject to damage caused by expansion and contraction. When the water content of the soil changes, the volume expansion in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction is generated immediately. Slight variations in moisture content, of the order of only 1% to 2%, are sufficient to cause detrimental swelling. The key to solve the engineering problem caused by the swelling and shrinkage of the fine grained soil is to understand the swelling and shrinkage characteristics of the fine grained soil. The swelling and shrinking performance of the fine-grained soil is greatly influenced by the consolidation degree and the change condition of dry-wet cycle, and the study on the consolidation and the swelling and shrinking of the fine-grained soil under different dry-wet cycle conditions is the key for understanding the swelling and shrinking performance of the fine-grained soil.
The prior relevant test devices have the following defects:
(1) according to the fine-grained soil consolidation swelling and shrinkage and dry-wet cycle integrated test device, a consolidation test, an expansion test, a shrinkage test and a dry-wet cycle test of the former fine-grained soil are all independently completed in different test equipment, the tests are not continuous, repeated sampling and sample loading are required, a soil body is disturbed for multiple times, and the error of the test result is large;
(2) the existing fine-grained soil expansion test only measures the change of a sample in the vertical direction in the expansion process, and does not measure the change in the horizontal direction;
(3) at present, most of fine grained soil shrinkage tests only measure the shrinkage of a soil body in the vertical direction, but cannot measure the real-time volume change in the soil body shrinkage process;
(4) most of the existing swelling and shrinking test devices for fine grained soil cannot adjust the lateral pressure and simulate different stress states of soil bodies under different engineering conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to design an efficient fine-grained soil consolidation swelling and dry-wet cycle integrated test device, which is used for systematically completing the consolidation swelling and dry-wet cycle test of fine-grained soil and measuring the consolidation and swelling of soil bodies under different dry-wet cycle conditions, thereby providing further support for the swelling and shrinking research of fine-grained soil.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to overcome the defects or shortcomings of the prior art, the utility model provides an efficient fine-grained soil consolidation, expansion and shrinkage and dry-wet cycle integrated test device. The device completes consolidation test, expansion test, shrinkage test and dry-wet cycle test in the same device, comprehensively reflects the consolidation and expansion change of soil under different dry-wet cycle conditions, avoids repeated test, saves test time, reduces disturbance to the soil in the test process, can control the lateral pressure of the soil, and measures the volume change of the vertical and horizontal directions of the soil in real time.
To achieve the above object, the present invention relates to: a fine grained soil consolidation swelling and shrinkage and dry-wet cycle integrated test device comprises an outer ring container used for simulating temperature, humidity and wind speed conditions; the outer ring container is of a cavity structure and is provided with an air inlet pipe with a first valve and an air outlet pipe with a second valve, the air inlet pipe is connected with a temperature, humidity and air speed controller, the bottom surface inside the outer ring container is provided with an annular inner ring container for applying lateral pressure, and an open area formed inside the inner ring container is provided with a lower permeable plate; a sample is arranged above the lower porous plate, an upper porous plate, a pressure cover plate, a pressure base and a top cover are sequentially arranged on the top surface of the sample from bottom to top, a plurality of displacement sensors (including a first displacement sensor, a second displacement sensor, a third displacement sensor and a fourth displacement sensor) in a non-load state are arranged on the lower end surface of the top cover, the upper end surface of the pressure base is connected with an external pressure mechanism, a pressure sensor and a load state displacement sensor are arranged on the pressure base, a temperature, humidity and wind speed sensor is arranged on the inner wall of an outer ring container, a water content sensor is arranged around the sample, the sensor, the displacement meter and a camera are connected with a multi-channel data acquisition instrument, and signals of the multi-channel data acquisition instrument are connected with a computer processing system through data lines;
the inner ring container comprises a rigid multi-cavity structure, the multi-cavity structure comprises an upper cavity, a middle cavity and a lower cavity which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, one ends of the upper cavity, the middle cavity and the lower cavity, which are close to the sample, are both open structures and are respectively coated with independent and hermetically connected rubber films (comprising an upper cavity rubber film, a middle cavity rubber film and a lower cavity rubber film)), and an outer rubber film which is directly contacted with the sample is also arranged between the multi-cavity structure and the sample; the middle cavity is connected with a first pressurizing pipeline, the upper cavity and the lower cavity are connected with a second pressurizing pipeline, and the inside of the multi-cavity structure can be filled with water to apply lateral pressure to a sample; the outer rubber film is directly contacted with the sample, and the rubber film expands and contracts along with the sample;
furthermore, the temperature, humidity and air speed controller comprises a heater for adjusting the air temperature, a humidifier for adjusting the air humidity and a fan for adjusting the air flow rate.
Furthermore, the upper cavity and the lower cavity are protection cavities, the middle cavity is a measurement cavity, and the height of the middle cavity is not more than the height of the contraction limit of the sample.
Furthermore, go up the porous disk and make with lower porous disk adoption aluminium oxide or not receiving the metal material of corruption, its osmotic coefficient should not be greater than the osmotic coefficient of sample, goes up porous disk diameter and should be less than sample diameter 0.2 ~ 0.5 mm.
Furthermore, the water content sensor comprises three probes, the three probes are distributed around the sample at equal intervals and positioned between the sample and the rubber film, one side of the probe is tightly contacted with the sample under the confining pressure action exerted by the inner ring container, and the volumetric water content of the sample is measured within the range of 0-100%.
In general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution contemplated by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
(1) the consolidation test, the expansion test, the shrinkage test and the dry-wet cycle test of the fine grained soil can be completed in the same test equipment, and the continuity between the tests is better; repeated sampling and sample loading are not needed, the soil body is basically not disturbed in the test process, and the test result is more accurate;
(2) the change of the consolidation expansion and shrinkage of the soil body of the fine-grained soil under different dry and wet cycle conditions can be more comprehensively evaluated, and the method has wide application prospect;
(3) different dry-wet circulation conditions, consolidation pressure and lateral pressure can be set according to test requirements, the operation is simple and easy to implement, and the test efficiency, flexibility, applicability and accuracy are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a partial structure of a multi-chamber structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention (sample 5 is shown only partially);
FIG. 3 is a partial structural view of a rubber membrane according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a partial top view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention at a test point;
in the figure: 1-a top cover; 2-a pressurized base; 3-pressurizing the cover plate; 4-mounting a permeable plate; 5-sample; 6-lower permeable plate; 7-a collar container; 8-inner ring container; 9-a pressurized conduit; 10-an air pump; 11 a-valve I, 11 b-valve II, 11 c-valve III and 11 d-valve IV; 12-a heater; 13-a humidifier; 14-a fan; 15-temperature, humidity and wind speed controller; 16-a multichannel data acquisition instrument; 17-a computer processing system; 18-a pressure sensor; 19-a charged state displacement sensor; 20-displacement sensor in no-load state; 20 a-displacement sensor, 20 b-displacement sensor, 20 c-displacement sensor, 20 d-displacement sensor; 21-temperature, humidity and wind speed sensor; the water content sensor comprises a probe 22 a-first water content sensor, a probe 22 b-second water content sensor and a probe 22 c-third water content sensor; 23 a-flow sensor number one; 23 b-flow sensor number two; 24-a camera; 25-a multi-cavity structure; 26 a-upper cavity rubber membrane, 26 b-middle cavity rubber membrane and 26 c-lower cavity rubber membrane; 26 d-outer rubber film; 27-an upper chamber; 28-lumen; 29-lower chamber; 30-second pressurized conduit.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the utility model and are not intended to limit the utility model. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1-2, a fine soil consolidation swelling and shrinkage and dry-wet cycle integrated test device comprises an outer ring container 7 for simulating temperature, humidity and wind speed conditions; the outer ring container 7 is of a cavity structure and is provided with an air inlet pipe 71 with a first valve 11a and an air outlet pipe 72 with a second valve 11b, the air inlet pipe 71 is connected with a temperature, humidity and wind speed controller 15, the bottom surface inside the outer ring container 7 is provided with an annular inner ring container 8 for applying lateral pressure, and an open area formed inside the inner ring container 8 is provided with a lower permeable plate 6; lower 6 tops of porous disk are provided with sample 5, 5 top surfaces of sample from the bottom up have set gradually last porous disk 4, pressurization base 2 and top cap 1, the lower terminal surface of top cap 1 is provided with a plurality of no load state displacement sensor 20, 2 up end of pressurization base link to each other with outside pressurization mechanism, be provided with pressure sensor 18 on the pressurization base 2 and have load state displacement sensor 19, outer lane container 7 inner wall is provided with humiture air velocity transducer 21, be provided with moisture content sensor 22 around the sample 5, all kinds of sensors, the displacement meter, camera 24 is connected with multichannel data acquisition instrument 16, multichannel data acquisition instrument 16 signal passes through data line and connects computer processing system 17.
Preferably, the upper permeable plate 4 and the lower permeable plate 6 are made of alumina or a metal material which is not corroded, the permeability coefficient of the upper permeable plate is not greater than that of the sample, and the diameter of the upper permeable plate is 0.2-0.5 mm smaller than that of the sample;
preferably, the load state displacement sensor 19, the first displacement sensor 20a, the second displacement sensor 20b, the third displacement sensor 20c, and the fourth displacement sensor 20d are provided, and the accuracy is 0.2% of the full-scale range.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the inner ring container 8 includes a rigid multi-cavity structure 25, the multi-cavity structure includes an upper cavity 27, a middle cavity 28 and a lower cavity 29, which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, one ends of the upper cavity 27, the middle cavity 28 and the lower cavity 29, which are close to the sample 5, are both open structures and are respectively coated with independent and hermetically connected rubber films, and an outer rubber film 26d, which is in direct contact with the sample 5, is further arranged between the multi-cavity structure and the sample 5, and expands and contracts with the sample 5); the middle cavity 28 is connected with a pressure pump arranged inside or outside the first pressure pipeline 9), the upper cavity 27 and the lower cavity 29 are connected with a second pressure pipeline 30, and the inside of the multi-cavity structure can be filled with water to apply lateral pressure to the sample. Each cavity is connected with a first pressurizing pipeline 9 (an internal or external pressurizing pump), and the inside of each cavity can be filled with water to apply lateral pressure to the sample. The upper cavity 27 and the lower cavity 29 are protection cavities, the middle cavity 28 is a measurement cavity, and the height of the middle cavity is not more than the height of the contraction limit of the sample.
Preferably, the temperature, humidity and wind speed controller 15 includes a heater 12 for adjusting the temperature of the air, a humidifier 13 for adjusting the humidity of the air, and a fan 14 for adjusting the flow rate of the air.
Referring to fig. 4, the moisture content sensor 22 includes three first moisture content sensor probes 22a, two second moisture content sensor probes 22b, and three third moisture content sensor probes 22c, which are equidistantly distributed around the sample 5 and located between the sample 5 and the rubber membrane 26, and one side of each of the probes is in close contact with the sample 5 under the confining pressure applied by the inner ring container 8, so as to measure the volumetric moisture content of the sample within a measurement range of 0 to 100% (e.g., tianuo ring energy TDR-6A soil temperature and humidity sensor).
Preferably, the multi-channel data collector 16 is parallel to multiple sampling channels, and can simultaneously correspond to the multiple pressure sensors 18, and the displacement sensor 19 in a loaded state, the displacement sensor 20 in an unloaded state, the water content sensor 22, the temperature, humidity and wind speed sensor 21, the first flow sensor 23a, the second flow sensor 23b and the camera 24 to perform data collection and communication transmission (a commercially available multi-channel data collector, not less than 32 channels, such as an AT4516 multi-channel data collector).
The sample 5 is placed in a circular position in the inner part of the inner ring container 8 of the device, permeable stones and filter paper are placed at the top and bottom of the sample, and the lower permeable plate 6, the filter paper, the sample 5, the filter paper and the upper permeable plate 4 are placed in sequence. Go up and place pressurization apron 3 and pressurization base 2 on the porous disk 4 in proper order, cover top cap 1, top cap 1 is connected with outside pressure device. And a pipeline at one side of the outer ring container 7 is connected with the temperature, humidity and wind speed controller 15 to serve as an air inlet, and a pipeline at the other side is connected with the air pump 10 to serve as an air outlet. The pipeline at the two sides of the inner ring container 8 is connected with a first pressurizing pipeline 9. The camera 24 is mounted on the top cover 1. The water content sensor 22 is placed on the rubber film 26 and in close contact with the sample 5.
Example 2:
the sample to be tested is a yellow brown hard plastic ring cutter sample containing black iron manganese nodule, is cut from undisturbed soil, has a diameter of 61.8mm and a height of 20mm, has a water content of 17.0%, and has a dry density of 1.77g/cm3。
The method comprises the following steps: the device is placed on an operating platform and connected to each sensor and a multichannel data acquisition instrument 16. The multi-channel data acquisition instrument 16 is connected with a computer processing system 17.
Step two: placing a lower permeable plate 6 in a container, placing a sample 5 on the lower permeable plate 6, placing thin filter paper between the sample 5 and the lower permeable plate 6, and sequentially placing an upper thin filter paper and an upper permeable plate 4 on the sample 5;
step three: and opening the third valve 11c and the fourth valve 11d, filling water into the inner ring container, and keeping the volume of the water body in the inner ring container unchanged according to the test conditions.
Step four: the pressurizing cover plate 3 and the pressurizing base 2 are placed on the upper permeable plate 4, and the pressurizing cover plate 3 is aligned with the center of the pressurizing base 2.
Step five: and connecting the device with a pressurizing device, determining the consolidation pressure to be applied at each stage, and starting consolidation. The height change of the sample is recorded by the displacement sensor 19 in a loaded state, the applied pressure is recorded by the pressure sensor 18, the height change of the sample is measured as a stable standard when the deformation reaches 0.01mm per hour after each stage of pressure application, and the step-by-step pressurization is carried out according to the steps until the test is finished.
The consolidation test can be completed by carrying out the steps.
Example 3:
the method comprises the following steps: same as the first step in example 2.
Step two: the same procedure as in step two of example 2.
Step three: the same procedure as in step three of example 2.
Step four: the top cover 1 is closed, and the first displacement sensor 20a, the second displacement sensor 20b and the third displacement sensor 20c are brought into contact with the upper water permeable plate 4.
Step five: opening the first valve 11a, closing the second valve 11b, injecting pure water into the container from bottom to top, keeping the water level 5mm higher than the sample, keeping the reading difference of the displacement meter within 2 hours not more than 0.01mm, and ensuring stable expansion.
The no-load expansion test can be completed by carrying out the steps.
Example 4:
the method comprises the following steps: the same procedure as in the first step of example 2.
Step two: the same procedure as in step two of example 2.
Step three: and opening the valves 11c and 11d, filling water into the inner ring container, setting certain water pressure according to test conditions, applying lateral pressure to the sample, wherein the water pressure of the upper protection cavity and the lower protection cavity is slightly greater than that of the middle cavity.
Step four: the same procedure as in step four of example 3.
Step five: the first valve 11a and the second valve 11b are opened. According to the test conditions, the temperature, humidity and wind speed of air are set, a pipeline on one side connected with the temperature, humidity and wind speed controller 15 is an air inlet, a pipeline on the other side connected with the air extracting pump 10 is an air outlet, and air circulation in the device is kept.
In the test process, the temperature and humidity and the wind speed of air actually passing through the device are recorded by the temperature and humidity and wind speed sensor 21, the moisture content sensor 22 records the moisture content change of a sample, the displacement sensor 20 in the unloaded state records the height change of the sample in the vertical direction, the camera 24 records the surface crack development condition of the sample, the first flow sensor 23a arranged in the first pressurizing pipeline 9 and the second flow sensor 23b arranged in the second pressurizing pipeline 30 record the radial volume change of the sample, and the radius value of the sample at any moment is calculated.
The calculation formula involved in the experiment:
radius value r of the sample at any time in the test processt：
rt-the radius of the sample, cm, at time t;
r0-initial radius of the sample, cm;
volume change of middle cavity measuring cavity, cm, within delta V-t time3；
hmThe height, cm, of the middle chamber measurement chamber.
Example 5:
after example 2, the pressurizing base 2 and the pressurizing cover 3 were removed, step four and step five in example 3 were performed, then the first valve 11a and the second valve 11b were opened to drain the water in the apparatus, and step five in example 4 was performed.
The consolidation expansion and shrinkage integrated test of the sample can be completed by implementing the steps.
Example 6:
in example 4, the temperature, humidity and wind speed of the air at the air inlet are changed, and the dry-wet cycle test of the sample under different conditions and times can be performed.
The change of the vertical direction and the horizontal direction of the soil body in the expansion process can be measured in real time in the expansion test process; the change of the vertical direction and the circumference in the soil body shrinkage process can be measured in real time in the shrinkage test process, and the volume change of the soil body in the shrinkage process is obtained; the lateral pressure can be adjusted in the swelling and shrinking test process of fine soil, and the ground stress level at different depths can be simulated.
By adopting the efficient fine grained soil consolidation swelling and shrinkage and dry-wet cycle integrated test device, the structural change of a soil body in the dry-wet cycle process can be comprehensively reflected, repeated tests are avoided, and the test time is shortened. The device design simple structure, easy and simple to handle, stability is good, each group of component durable, difficult consume, the practicality is strong, and the precision is high, can set up one or more different test paths according to experimental needs, and operation simple accurate is showing and is improving test efficiency, flexibility ratio, suitability and accuracy, and under the different dry-wet cycle conditions of evaluation that can be more comprehensive, soil body moisture content changes, and the breathing changes, consolidation characteristic and surface crack development have extensive application prospect.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the utility model, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A fine grained soil consolidation expansion and shrinkage and dry-wet cycle integrated test device is characterized by comprising an outer ring container (7) for simulating temperature, humidity and wind speed conditions; the outer ring container (7) is of a cavity structure and is provided with an air inlet pipe (71) with a first valve (11a) and an air outlet pipe (72) with a second valve (11b), the air inlet pipe (71) is connected with a temperature, humidity and air speed controller (15), an annular inner ring container (8) for applying lateral pressure is arranged on the bottom surface inside the outer ring container (7), and a lower permeable plate (6) is arranged in an open area formed inside the inner ring container (8); a sample (5) is arranged above the lower porous plate (6), an upper porous plate (4), a pressurizing base (2) and a top cover (1) are sequentially arranged on the top surface of the sample (5) from bottom to top, a plurality of displacement sensors (20) in a non-load state are arranged on the lower end surface of the top cover (1), the upper end surface of the pressurizing base (2) is connected with an external pressurizing mechanism, a pressure sensor (18) and a displacement sensor (19) in a load state are arranged on the pressurizing base (2), a temperature, humidity and wind speed sensor (21) is arranged on the inner wall of the outer ring container (7), water content sensors (22) are arranged around the sample (5), various sensors, displacement meters and cameras (24) are connected with a multi-channel data acquisition instrument (16), and signals of the multi-channel data acquisition instrument (16) are connected with a computer processing system (17) through data lines;
the inner ring container (8) comprises a rigid multi-cavity structure (25), the multi-cavity structure comprises an upper cavity (27), a middle cavity (28) and a lower cavity (29) which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, one ends of the upper cavity (27), the middle cavity (28) and the lower cavity (29) close to the sample (5) are both open structures and are respectively coated with independent rubber films in sealing connection, and an outer rubber film (26d) which is directly contacted with the sample (5) is further arranged between the multi-cavity structure and the sample (5); the middle cavity (28) is connected with the first pressurizing pipeline (9), the upper cavity (27) and the lower cavity (29) are connected with the second pressurizing pipeline (30), and the multi-cavity structure can be filled with water to apply lateral pressure to a sample.
2. The fine soil consolidation swelling and shrinking and dry-wet cycle integrated test device according to claim 1, wherein the temperature, humidity and wind speed controller (15) comprises a heater (12) for adjusting air temperature, a humidifier (13) for adjusting air humidity and a fan (14) for adjusting air flow rate.
3. The fine soil consolidation shrinkage and dry-wet cycle integrated test device according to claim 1, wherein the upper cavity (27) and the lower cavity (29) are protection cavities, the middle cavity (28) is a measurement cavity, and the height of the middle cavity is not more than the height of the shrinkage limit of the sample.
4. The fine soil consolidation shrinkage and dry-wet cycle integrated test device according to claim 1, wherein the upper permeable plate (4) and the lower permeable plate (6) are made of alumina or a metal material which is not corroded, the permeability coefficient of the upper permeable plate is not larger than that of a sample, and the diameter of the upper permeable plate is 0.2-0.5 mm smaller than that of the sample.
5. The fine soil consolidation swelling and shrinking and dry-wet cycle integrated test device according to claim 2, characterized in that the moisture content sensor (22) comprises three probes, the three probes are distributed around the sample (5) at equal intervals and are positioned between the sample (5) and the rubber membrane (26), one side of the moisture content sensor is in close contact with the sample (5) under the confining pressure applied by the inner ring container (8), and the volume moisture content of the sample is measured, and the measurement range is 0-100%.
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