CN103913557A - Device for measuring the free swelling rate and the water content of rock and using method thereof - Google Patents
Device for measuring the free swelling rate and the water content of rock and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103913557A CN103913557A CN201410098912.7A CN201410098912A CN103913557A CN 103913557 A CN103913557 A CN 103913557A CN 201410098912 A CN201410098912 A CN 201410098912A CN 103913557 A CN103913557 A CN 103913557A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 240
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 title abstract 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002522 swelling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a device for measuring the free swelling rate and the water content of a rock and a using method thereof. By adoption of the Archimedes principle as a reference, the device utilizes a basic principle that the volume of displaced water of the rock changes with the volume change of the rock in water after the rock swells by water absorption. The structure of the device for measuring the free swelling rate and the water content of the rock is largely simplified by adoption of technical means such as sealing and packaging of a rock sample to be measured with rubber film. The device has characteristics of simple structure, convenient raw material selection, low manufacturing cost, convenient operation, and the like. The whole experiment device is small in systemic error. Experiment results are true, reliable and accurate. The device is suitable for laboratory use, and particularly can be used for simultaneously perform measurement of the free swelling rate and the water content of soft rocks.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an experimental device for measuring the water physical property of rock and a using method thereof, in particular to a device for measuring the free expansion rate and the water absorption rate of rock for a laboratory and a using method thereof.
Background
The water physical property of the rock refers to the property of the rock expressed under the action of an aqueous solution, and the water absorption, hydraulic conductivity, softening property, freezing resistance, swelling property and solubility of the rock are important factors influencing the stability of rock engineering. The general engineering rock mass always exists in a certain water environment, and the mechanical properties of the engineering rock mass, such as strength, deformation, damage and the like, particularly the soft rock condition, are changed under the influence of the change of the water environment. Therefore, the accurate control of the water physical properties of the engineering rock mass has important significance for rock engineering, and particularly, the free expansion rate and the water absorption rate are important indexes for qualitative determination of hydrophilic soft rock.
In the standard of the engineering rock test method (GBT 50266-1999), the free expansion rate and water absorption rate of rock are only suitable for rock which is not easily disintegrated by water, and the free expansion rate of hydrophilic soft rock cannot be measured. Another method for measuring the free expansion rate is to weigh a certain amount of broken rock sample, pour the rock sample into a measuring cylinder, shake the rock sample, record the initial volume of the sample, inject a sufficient amount of distilled water into the measuring cylinder, stand the rock sample in a thermostat to observe and record the volume change of the sample at regular time, wherein the free expansion rate is the increment of the volume of the sample divided by the initial volume.
Chinese patent application CN102830060A discloses a multifunctional rock expansion tester, which can be used for accurately measuring the rock expansion rate, but inevitably has the disadvantages of large size, complex structure, high cost, complex operation, etc. due to the measuring principle and structure.
On the other hand, the rock expansion tester in the prior art generally has the defect of single use function, and cannot meet the use requirement of simultaneously measuring the expansion rate and the water absorption rate of the rock.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the purposes of the invention is to provide a testing device which has simple structure, simple operation and low manufacturing cost and is suitable for measuring the free expansion rate and the water absorption rate of the rock in a laboratory;
the invention adopts a technical scheme to achieve the aim that the device for measuring the free expansion rate and the water absorption rate of the rock is characterized by comprising the following components: the device comprises a water container, an overflow water receiving device, a drainage device, a water adding device and a sample containing device; wherein,
the top of the water container is open;
the overflow water receiving device is hermetically connected with the water container through a pipeline;
the water adding device is higher than the water container;
the overflow water receiving device is positioned on one side of the water container and is lower than the water container; an overflow pipe orifice is arranged on the side wall of the upper part of the water container, and the overflow water receiving device is connected with the overflow pipe orifice through a hose;
the sample containing device is arranged in the water containing container;
the sample containing device comprises an upper water-stop sheet, a sample to be detected, a permeable stone and a lower water-stop base from top to bottom in sequence;
the upper water-stop sheet is provided with a through hole and a first pipe orifice communicated with the through hole; the water adding device is in sealing insertion connection with the first pipe orifice through a first connecting pipe;
the lower water-stop sheet is provided with a through hole and a second pipe orifice communicated with the through hole; the drainage device is in sealing insertion connection with the second pipe orifice through a second connecting pipe;
the upper water-stop sheet, the sample to be tested, the permeable stone and the lower water-stop base are tightly wrapped by an annular rubber film sleeve to form an integral structure which is all watertight at the periphery.
Preferably, the water container is further provided with a sealing cover, the sealing cover covers the water container when in use, and the sealing cover is provided with an air hole.
Preferably, the side surfaces of the upper water-stop plate and the lower water-stop base are respectively provided with an annular groove for fixing the annular rubber film sleeve.
Further preferably, the water adding device is provided with a water outlet valve; and a valve is arranged between the drainage device and the sample containing device.
Preferably, the upper water-stop plate, the sample to be tested, the permeable stone and the lower water-stop base are all in a disc shape.
Preferably, the water adding device, the overflow water receiving device and the drainage device are all made of transparent materials and are of measuring cylinder type structures capable of directly reading scales of the internal water quantity.
The technical effect that above-mentioned technical scheme directly brought is that, whole experimental apparatus has simple structure, small, low in manufacturing cost, characteristics such as easy and simple to handle.
Moreover, in the technical scheme, the upper surface and the lower surface of the sample to be measured respectively adopt the water-stop sheet and the permeable stone with the through holes, and the water can be added from the outside to permeate the rock sample to be measured fully and gradually, or redundant water flows out from the rock sample to be measured. By adopting the technical means, the penetration speed and the penetration uniformity of water penetrating into the rock sample to be tested can be effectively controlled, the water absorption and expansion sufficiency of the rock sample to be tested is ensured, and the authenticity of an experimental result is further ensured.
In the technical scheme, the rubber film sleeve, the water-stop plate and the water-stop base are combined to form the sample containing device with the integral water-stop structure, wherein the rubber film sleeve is sleeved under the liquid level of the water containing container and can be fully extruded at the beginning of an experiment, namely before the sample is expanded by adding water, and is attached to rigid materials such as the water-stop plate, a sample to be detected and permeable stones, so that the guarantee is provided for accurately measuring the initial volume of the sample containing device at the beginning of the experiment; moreover, after the sample is added with water and begins to expand, the rubber film sleeve can ensure that the whole sample containing device can expand along with the expansion of the sample, and the volume change of the rock sample to be measured after water absorption can be reflected more truly and fully. That is to say, in the above technical scheme, the concrete material and the structure of sample holding device are the key technical means for realizing the purpose of the present invention, and its simple structure, convenient material selection, low manufacturing cost, easy and simple to handle characteristics, the structural characteristics of the above experimental apparatus directly result in its system error little, the authenticity of experimental result is good, the accuracy is high.
Further, among the above-mentioned technical scheme, each connecting pipe all adopts rubber hose, carries out simple grafting according to the use needs and forms, and on the one hand, its waterproof leakproofness is good, easy and simple to handle, and on the other hand, the hose of this kind of rubber material can not cause the rock sample volume that awaits measuring to change the various constraints that the rigidity material that the in-process need be avoided probably brought to structural rationality and the practicality of whole experimental apparatus have further been guaranteed.
The invention adopts the simple, reasonable and simple testing device for measuring the free expansion rate and the water absorption rate of the rock, and can measure the free expansion rate of the rock in a three-dimensional space and the water content of the rock under the condition of not damaging the original structure of the rock, thereby determining the mutual relationship of the free expansion rate and the water absorption rate of the rock. The system has small error and flexible and simple operation, and has outstanding substantive characteristics and remarkable progress compared with various experimental devices in the prior art, which have complex structure, high cost and high operation difficulty.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for using the apparatus for measuring free expansion and water absorption of rock.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that the use method of the device for measuring the free expansion rate and the water absorption rate of the rock according to claim 1 sequentially comprises the following steps:
firstly, adding water into a water container to submerge a sample containing device until the sample containing device reaches an overflow port, and stopping adding water when overflow is formed;
secondly, recording the initial water volume V of the water adding device1Opening a valve below the water adding device, slowly adding water into the sample containing device, and allowing the added water to penetrate inwards through the surface layer of the sample to be detected through the through hole of the upper water-stop sheet;
after the sample to be measured is completely soaked, the redundant water continuously permeates downwards and gradually soaks the permeable stone until the permeable stone is completely soaked, and the redundant water flows into the drainage device;
thirdly, in the second step, the water quantity V of the water adding device at the moment is read at regular intervals2The amount of water V in the drainage device3；
When the lower surface of the water seepage stone is observed to be wet, a valve above the drainage device is opened, water passing through the water seepage stone is discharged into the drainage device, and the water volume V overflowing into the water receiving device at the moment is read at regular intervals4。
Fourthly, when the overflow port does not overflow any more, closing a valve below the water adding device to stop adding water into the sample containing device; at this time, the water volume V in the overflow water receiving device is read4；
When no water flows into the drainage device, the valve below the drainage device is closed, the experiment is finished, and the total water yield of the water adding device in the experiment finishing state is read and calculated to be V1－V2－V3And the amount of water V in the drain3；
The fifth step, according to the formulaCalculating the free expansion rate of the rock at each moment at regular intervals and at the end of the experiment;
according to the formulaCalculating the water content of the sample to be measured at each moment at regular intervals;
in the formula:
V0: the initial volume of the rock sample to be measured;
m0: initial mass of the sample to be tested;
ρw: the density of the water;
V1: the initial water amount of the water adding device;
V2: the water quantity in the water adding device is added at each moment of a period of time;
V3: the amount of water in the drain at each moment of time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the rock free expansion and water absorption rate measuring device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of one of the deformations of the rock free expansion and water absorption measuring device according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a second deformation of the rock free expansion and water absorption measuring device according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a graph showing the change law of the free expansion rate and the water absorption rate of the rock according to the experimental result of the free expansion rate and the water absorption rate of the rock measured by the free expansion rate and water absorption rate measuring device of the invention.
Detailed Description
The rock free expansion and water absorption rate measuring device and the method of using the same according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the device for measuring free expansion and water absorption of a rock according to the present invention comprises: the top is provided with an open water container 13, an overflow water receiving device 14, a drainage device 12, a water adding device 11 and a sample containing device 3; wherein,
the overflow water receiving device 14 is hermetically connected with the water container 13 through a pipeline;
the water adding device 11 is positioned higher than the water container 13;
the overflow water receiving device is positioned on one side of the water container 13 and is lower than the water container 13; an overflow pipe orifice 8 is arranged on the side wall of the upper part of the water container 13, and the overflow water receiving device is connected with the overflow pipe orifice 8 through a hose;
the sample containing device 3 is arranged in the water containing container 13;
the sample containing device comprises an upper water-stop sheet 5, a sample to be detected 4, a permeable stone 2 and a lower water-stop base 1 from top to bottom in sequence;
the upper water-stop plate 5 is provided with a through hole and a first pipe orifice communicated with the through hole; the water adding device 11 is in sealing insertion connection with the first pipe orifice through a first connecting pipe;
the lower waterproof base 1 is hollow and provided with a through hole and a second pipe orifice communicated with the through hole; the drainage device 12 is in sealing insertion connection with the second pipe orifice through a second connecting pipe;
the upper water-stop sheet 5, the sample to be tested 4, the permeable stone 2 and the lower water-stop base 1 are tightly wrapped by an annular rubber film sleeve to form an integral structure which is all watertight.
The water container is also provided with a sealing cover 10 which is covered by the sealing cover 10 when in use, and the sealing cover is provided with a ventilation hole 7. Therefore, aiming at the characteristic that the experimental process time of the free expansion rate and the water absorption rate of the rock is long (generally, the time is from one week to two weeks), the experimental error caused by the evaporation of the water quantity in the water container can be effectively reduced.
The side surfaces of the upper water-stop plate 5 and the lower water-stop base 1 are respectively provided with an annular groove for fixing the annular rubber film sleeve. Thus, the rubber film sleeve is conveniently and firmly fixed, so that the whole sample containing device 3 is ensured to be fully isolated from the peripheral water body, a reliable water-proof and waterproof space is formed, and water in the water containing container 13 is prevented from permeating into the sample 4 to be detected.
The water adding device is provided with a water outlet valve 9; a valve 19 is arranged between the drainage device 12 and the sample holding device. This is primarily a conventional design for ease of operation.
The upper water-stop sheet 5, the sample 4 to be measured, the permeable stone 3 and the lower water-stop base 1 are all in a disc shape. This ensures authenticity and accuracy of the mentioned measurements before and after the experiment, and convenience of the installation process.
The water adding device 11, the water discharging device 12 and the overflow water receiving device 14 are all made of transparent materials and are of measuring cylinder type structures capable of directly reading scales of the internal water quantity. By adopting the structure, all basic data required by the experiment can be directly read, and the operation difficulty of the whole experiment device is further simplified.
For better understanding of the present invention, the method of using the rock free expansion and water absorption measuring device of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples.
The use method of the device for measuring the free expansion rate and the water absorption rate of the rock sequentially comprises the following steps:
firstly, adding water into a water container 13 to submerge a sample containing device 3 until reaching an overflow port 8, and stopping adding water when overflow is formed;
secondly, recording the initial water quantity V of the water adding device 111Opening a valve 9 below the water adding device and placing the sample in the sample holding deviceSlowly adding water, wherein the added water penetrates through the surface layer of the sample to be detected through the through hole of the upper water-stop sheet 5;
after the sample to be tested is completely soaked, the redundant water continuously permeates downwards and gradually soaks the permeable stone 2 until the permeable stone 2 is completely soaked, and the redundant water flows into the drainage device 12;
thirdly, in the second step, the water quantity V in the water adding device at the moment is read at regular intervals2The amount of water V in the drainage device3；
When the lower surface of the water seepage stone is observed to be wet, a valve 9 above the drainage device is opened, water passing through the water seepage stone is discharged into a drainage device 12, and the water volume V overflowing from the water receiving device 14 at the moment is read at regular intervals4。
Fourthly, when the overflow port 8 does not overflow any more, closing a valve 9 below the water adding device 11 to stop adding water into the sample containing device; at this time, the amount of water V in the overflow water receiving device 14 is read4；
When no water flows into the drainage device 12, the valve 19 above the drainage device 12 is closed, the experiment is ended, the total water yield of the water adding device and the water amount V in the drainage device in the state of ending the experiment are read and calculated3；
The fifth step, according to the formulaCalculating the free expansion rate of the rock at each moment at regular intervals and at the end of the experiment;
according to the formulaCalculating the water content of the sample to be measured at each moment at regular intervals;
in the formula:
V0: is the initial volume of the rock sample to be measured；
m0: initial mass of the sample to be tested;
ρw: the density of the water;
V1: the initial water amount of the water adding device;
V2: the water quantity in the water adding device is added at each moment of a period of time;
V3: the amount of water in the drain at each moment of time.
Fig. 4 is a graph showing the change law of the free expansion rate and the water absorption rate of the rock according to the experimental result of the free expansion rate and the water absorption rate of the rock measured by the free expansion rate and water absorption rate measuring device of the invention.
As shown in fig. 4, when the free expansion rate and the water content are measured, the measurement is obviously divided into three corresponding stages along with the change of time: the water content curve shows that the rock sample absorbs water and is divided into a rapid water absorption stage, a slow water absorption stage and a saturated water absorption stage, the free expansion rate curve corresponding to the water content curve is a rapid expansion stage, a slow expansion stage and an expansion saturation stage, the rock absorbs water and is obviously divided into three stages, the three stages are consistent with the actual situation, and the rules of the free expansion rate and the water absorption change of the rock are all reflected really.
It should be noted that, based on the technical idea of the present invention, in combination with the prior art, the rock free expansion rate and water absorption rate experimental apparatus described above can also be subjected to many modifications, and all of them will fall into the protection scope of the present invention. For example:
the device for measuring the free expansion rate and water absorption rate of the rock shown in fig. 2 is a structural form that the overflow water receiving device 14 is simplified and changed into a measuring cylinder and is directly placed in a water container (an overflow port is correspondingly eliminated).
The rock free expansion and water absorption rate measuring device shown in fig. 3 is a modification of another structure in which the water adding device 11 is directly attached to the cover plate of the water container.
Claims (7)
1. A rock free expansion rate and water absorption rate measuring device is characterized by comprising: the top is provided with an open water container, an overflow water receiving device, a drainage device, a water adding device and a sample containing device; wherein,
the overflow water receiving device is hermetically connected with the water container through a pipeline;
the water adding device is higher than the water container;
the overflow water receiving device is positioned on one side of the water container and is lower than the water container; an overflow pipe orifice is arranged on the side wall of the upper part of the water container, and the overflow water receiving device is connected with the overflow pipe orifice through a hose;
the sample containing device is arranged in the water containing container;
the sample containing device comprises an upper water-stop sheet, a sample to be detected, a permeable stone and a lower water-stop base from top to bottom in sequence;
the upper water-stop sheet is provided with a through hole and a first pipe orifice communicated with the through hole; the water adding device is in sealing insertion connection with the first pipe orifice through a first connecting pipe;
the lower waterproof base is hollow and provided with a through hole, and is provided with a second pipe orifice communicated with the through hole; the drainage device is in sealing insertion connection with the second pipe orifice through a second connecting pipe;
the upper water-stop sheet, the sample to be tested, the permeable stone and the lower water-stop base are tightly wrapped by an annular rubber film sleeve to form an integral structure which is all watertight at the periphery.
2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water container is further provided with a sealing cover, which is covered by the sealing cover during use, and the sealing cover is provided with air holes.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the upper water-stop plate and the lower water-stop base have respective side surfaces provided with respective annular grooves for fixing the annular rubber film sleeves.
4. The apparatus for measuring free expansion rate and water absorption of rock as claimed in claim 1, wherein said water adding means is provided with a water outlet valve; and a valve is arranged between the drainage device and the sample containing device.
5. The apparatus for measuring free expansion and water absorption of rock according to claim 1, wherein said upper water-stop sheet, said sample to be tested, said permeable stone and said lower water-stop base are all in the shape of a disk.
6. The apparatus for measuring free expansion and water absorption of rock as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water feeding device, the overflow water receiving device and the water discharging device are made of transparent material to form a measuring cylinder structure capable of directly reading the scale of the internal water amount.
7. A method of using the apparatus for measuring free expansion and water absorption of rock of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
firstly, adding water into a water container to submerge a sample containing device until the sample containing device reaches an overflow port, and stopping adding water when overflow is formed;
secondly, recording the initial water volume V of the water adding device1Opening a valve below the water adding device, slowly adding water into the sample containing device, and allowing the added water to penetrate inwards through the surface layer of the sample to be detected through the through hole of the upper water-stop sheet;
after the sample to be measured is completely soaked, the redundant water continuously permeates downwards and gradually soaks the permeable stone until the permeable stone is completely soaked, and the redundant water flows into the drainage device;
thirdly, in the second step, the water quantity V in the water adding device at the moment is read at regular intervals2The amount of water V in the drainage device3；
When the lower surface of the water seepage stone is observed to be wet, a valve above the drainage device is opened, water passing through the water seepage stone is discharged into the drainage device, and the water volume V overflowing into the water receiving device at the moment is read at regular intervals4。
Fourthly, when the overflow port does not overflow any more, closing a valve below the water adding device to stop adding water into the sample containing device; at this time, the water volume V in the overflow water receiving device is read4；
When no water flows into the drainage device, the valve below the water feeding device is closed, the experiment is ended, and the water is readTaking and calculating the total water yield of the water adding device in the experiment finished state, namely V1－V2－V3And the amount of water V in the drain3；
The fifth step, according to the formulaCalculating the free expansion rate of the rock at each moment at regular intervals and at the end of the experiment;
according to the formulaCalculating the water content of the sample to be measured at each moment at regular intervals;
in the formula:
V0: the initial volume of the rock sample to be measured;
m0: initial mass of the sample to be tested;
ρw: the density of the water;
V1: the initial water amount of the water adding device;
V2: the water quantity in the water adding device is added at each moment of a period of time;
V3: the amount of water in the drain at each moment of time.
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| CN201410098912.7A CN103913557B (en) | 2014-03-18 | 2014-03-18 | A kind of rock free swelling rate and Water ratio determination apparatus and using method thereof |
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| CN201410098912.7A CN103913557B (en) | 2014-03-18 | 2014-03-18 | A kind of rock free swelling rate and Water ratio determination apparatus and using method thereof |
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