CN201149421Y - Dual purpose shaft furnace reduction apparatus for coal base and gas base - Google Patents
Dual purpose shaft furnace reduction apparatus for coal base and gas base Download PDFInfo
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- CN201149421Y CN201149421Y CNU2007203055181U CN200720305518U CN201149421Y CN 201149421 Y CN201149421 Y CN 201149421Y CN U2007203055181 U CNU2007203055181 U CN U2007203055181U CN 200720305518 U CN200720305518 U CN 200720305518U CN 201149421 Y CN201149421 Y CN 201149421Y
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a coal/gas-based shaft furnace reduction device, belonging to novel metallurgical furnaces for producing direct reduced iron. The coal/gas-based shaft furnace reduction device comprises a vertical retort type reaction chamber comprising a preheating zone, a reduction zone, a transitional zone and a cooling zone; material discharge machines; flame paths; a smoke flue; a brick furnace body; a metal structure; a heat supply system; and a heat engineering monitoring system. Two cooling zones are connected below the material discharge machine of the coal-based shaft furnace, a block making device is connected below the material discharge machine of the gas-based shaft furnace; and the shaft furnace main body is composed of the vertical retort type reaction chamber, 5-11 layers of horizontal flame paths outside the vertical retort type reaction chamber and the brick furnace body. The device provided in the utility model can flexibly adjust the atmosphere and the temperature inside the reaction chamber to adapt to direct reduced iron production mechanism, so as to ensure product quality; and has the advantages of continuous production, high productivity and operating rate, low crude fuel consumption, so as to be an advantaged and applicable device for current commercial scale production of spongy irons. After slight reconstruction, the device can also be used for producing other products with similar process.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of metallurgical industry furnace, is a kind of shaft furnace device of making the main energy without coke with coal or coal gas.
This device is mainly used in produces electric furnace steel making high-quality DRI, and gas base method shaft furnace also can be used as the pre-reducing furnace that melting and reducing is produced molten iron; Transform slightly at aspects such as refractory material, device for discharging, volatile matter collection and treatment devices, also can be used as the industrial furnace of industries such as the close direct reduction ferronickel of technology, pyrometallurgy of zinc refining magnesium, CARBONIZATION OF BRIQUETTES.
Background technology
DRI (DRI), also claim sponge iron, be the strict high-quality steel of smelting chemical composition, special steel primary raw material, the raw material that also can be used as blast furnace ironmaking, pneumatic steelmaking, casting, ferroalloy, powder metallurgy also can be used as displacer, water treatment deoxidier of some non-ferrous metal metallurgy etc.China's iron and steel output increases continuously in recent years, and 2006 above 400,000,000 tons; Yet DRI production capacity has only the hundreds of thousands ton, and breach is very big.The more important thing is that the DRI energy with natural gas, coal gas and mill coal, is a kind of short flow process, oligosaprobic metallurgical new technology without coke.
Blast furnace ironmaking is still the ironmaking main technique at present, but because the problem of coke aspect resource, environmental protection, development is directly reduced, the non-burnt ironmaking technology of melting and reducing is significant for the metallurgical industry sustainable development.Iron and steel production state all pays much attention to the research and development of non-burnt ironmaking technology in the world, China also rebuilds traditional industry as steel industry them with new and high technology and advanced and applicable technology a emphasis, the technology that falls behind is limited, eliminates, and encourage growth directly reduces, the non-burnt iron-smelting process of melting and reducing.
DRI technology is that gas or coal are divided into gas base method and coal-based method by reducing agent, by reduction apparatus shaft furnace process, kiln process, tunnel furnace method, rotary hearth furnace method etc. is arranged.Production practices prove, reducing agent with gas, reduction apparatus during with shaft furnace effect best, therefore at present in the world DRI output be that gas base method is produced more than 90%, reduction apparatus is based on shaft furnace.
Because domestic natural gas resource preciousness, coal resources than horn of plenty, are mainly used coal-based method explained hereafter DRI a few years ago.Medium-sized and small enterprises adopt down-draft kiln, tunnel cave retort process making sponge iron small-scale production more, and large enterprises' focus development coal-based rotary kiln technology has also been carried out type approval test to coal-based rotary hearth furnace method.Yet because the iron ore cost height of Chinese production high-quality DRI, though rotary kiln mechanization degree height, usage factor and equipment operation rate are low, and construction investment is big, production cost is high; Tunnel cave, down-draft kiln output investment ratio rotary kiln are low, but the energy and spare parts consumption are big, production efficiency is low, are difficult for realizing large-scale production; The rotary hearth furnace reduction time is short, and full iron of the DRI of production and degree of metalization are lower, reach steel-making sponge iron technical conditions, needs once more with sponge iron fragmentation, abrasive dust, magnetic separation, or is molten into molten iron with electric furnace, and cost is also than higher.
Gas base method is produced DRI efficient height, quality is good, but needs a large amount of reducibility gas, generally is to be reformed by natural gas or coal gas to make.The natural gas main component is methane (CH
4) waiting various hydrocarbons, calorific value height, sulfur-bearing are low, are good domestic fuel and industrial chemicals, but the price height, and must be converted into H as the ironmaking reducing agent
2The coal gas higher with CO content has more increased cost, and is unlikely at home at present as metallurgical main energy sources; Domestic rich coal resources, but make H with coal
2The coal gas big with CO content, cost are also quite high.Baosteel has been done BL method coal gas back yard industry test, after the analysis relatively, continues research, test economically; Some enterprises inquire into and introduce external HLY method coke-stove gas and produce the sponge iron technology, and are also big because of investing, cost is high, make little progress.
Gas base method can be passed through CO unlike coal-based method
2+ C=2CO reaction constantly produces CO and keeps the reative cell reducing atmosphere, needs a large amount of high heating value gases of supply in time, and reduction reaction tail gas is drawn.These tail gas must be reformed as reducing gas again, and cost is very high; Heat supply or generating, economic benefit is not satisfactory; If but emptying or put a day lamp, waste resource, contaminated environment.This is weakness on the external gas base method DRI engineering.
In addition, DRI production has much relations with reduction furnace atmosphere and pressure, and because the rim effect of air-flow, the reative cell cross section is excessive, occurs the air-flow uneven phenomenon easily, the efficient and the effect of influence reduction and heating.External gas base method shaft furnace generally all is a cylindrical shape internal heat type burner hearth, the little difficult formation scale of capacity, cost height; Capacity is big, is all bringing many difficulties aspect resistance to compression, sealing, material and air-flow balanced of device, and how to be covered by foreign patent, and construction investment is big, production cost is high, is difficult for the acceptance for domestic enterprise.
Metallurgical industry three big stoves (coke oven, blast furnace, converter) all develop into shaft furnace at last through practice for many years; In Chinese Metals Society's direct reduction technique seminar in 2003, directly reducing process answers " forwarding stove (erecting) to from kiln (tunnel cave, rotary kiln) " also to become most experts' common recognition.But, DRI shaft furnace structure is not only different with blast furnace, fusion reducing furnace, and gas base method and coal-based method structure also should be differentiated, must advanced technology, reliable, and construction investment is few again, production cost is low.Domesticly pace up and down in that DRI is technologic these years, have influence on industry development, prove from the negative that also non-burnt ironmaking must introduce combined innovation, the shaft furnace process that independent development is advanced and applicable.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problem that the Direct Reducing Iron Project investment is big, production cost is high, the utility model provides a kind of can also can make the main energy with coal gas with coal, can guarantee reative cell atmosphere, can guarantee good product quality, low, the reliable new shaft type furnace device of cost as coal-based method rotary kiln, rotary hearth furnace, the continuous production of gas base method shaft furnace again as retort process making sponge iron.
Technical scheme that the utility model adopts:
A kind of reduction shaft furnace device that can make reducing agent with the also available coal gas of coal, it mainly is made up of brick body of heater (10), metal structure (9), heating system (8), furnace roof hopper (1), perpendicular pot type reative cell (comprising preheating zone (2), zone of reduction and intermediate zone (3), salband (4)), quirk (5), discharge machine (6), two cold jars or briquetting device (7), flue (11), thermal technology's monitoring system (12) etc.It is characterized in that:
1, the reative cell preheating zone is Φ 200～Φ 400 heat resisting steel combs, or perpendicular jar of the making of heating resisting metal material, fire-resistant brick rectangle, truncated cone shape; Zone of reduction, excessively band is wide 200～500mm, length-width ratio greater than 3, high 4～12 meters heating resisting metal material makes, refractory brick is built by laying bricks or stones perpendicular jar; Salband is a water cooled double-layered steel plate funnel, is connected with two cold jars or briquetting device with the discharge machine.Each function band close-coupled that different materials, structure are formed, externally maintenance sealing.
2, can make reducing agent with the also available coal gas of coal and produce DRI, promptly coal-based gas base is dual-purpose:
Coal-based method shaft furnace salband furnace charge water cools off indirectly; Two cold belts are steel low pressure vessels, top and bottom mounted valve, and the control discharge rate also keeps a jar interior sealing, with low pressure inertia, reduction reproducibility or weak oxide gas furnace charge is directly cooled off, and to coming out of the stove below 100 ℃, sends to magnetic separation then and separates.
Gas base method shaft furnace imports coal gas by excessive band or salband, and salband is the water-cooled hopper, need not cool off by secondary, and the discharge machine connects briquetting device (comprising cuber, piece string disintegrating machine, cooling bath.)。
3, body of heater maintains static, and furnace charge reduces by the heating of deadweight limit, whereabouts, limit, limit behind the hopper of top with mechanical lifting, and by adjusting discharge rate, chemistry, the surroundings of control reative cell are realized the physicochemical change process control of furnace charge.
4, jar inside and outside Hybrid Heating, coal gas are recycling, reducing atmosphere, jar outer quirk oxidizing atmosphere in jar:
The high-temperature furnace gas limit rising edge that DRI produces in jar is to furnace charge heating, reduction, and tail gas borrows negative pressure to draw, and carries in the burner to mix with air to spray into quirk and burn.
Well-designed 5～15 layers of horizontal labyrinth type quirk, move along its horizontal direction with air pressure guiding high-temperature flue gas, being raised to last layer again behind the end moves on, from external heat retort reduction section, preheating section, jar interior DRI process institute calorific requirement is provided, enters flue until discharging out of the furnace.
5, similar to the coke oven reative cell, each retort all is an independently production unit, and some groups of perpendicular jars are combined into the industrial furnace that random scale is produced side by side, technology is simple, reliable, the scale starting point is low, can realize large-scale production again, designs and organizes convenient for production, flexible.
6, when raw material is low rich ore of full iron height, impurity content or enriched ore, but use gas base method reduction shaft furnace device production high-quality electric furnace steel making high-quality DRI; This device also can be used as the pre-reducing furnace that the two step method melting and reducing is produced molten iron.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1: coal-based method reduction shaft furnace device elevation
Fig. 2: gas base method reduction shaft furnace device elevation
Fig. 3: reduction shaft furnace device drawing in side sectional elevation
Adopt the beneficial effect of this device:
This device reaction tank is most of uses laying fireproof bricks, and the dresses such as coal gas reformer, heating furnace are not set in addition Put, resistance to compression, Sealing Technology require low, and whole system is simple, reliable. And the reative cell cross section be length/width Big rectangle, heat-conducting area is big, heat conduction is apart from weak point, and it is more even that stock column descends and air-flow rises, and conducts heat and go back Former reaction efficiency height, effective, construction investment, production cost decrease.
Usage factor is the blast furnace ironmaking main economic and technical indices, also is the leading indicator of weighing the reduction furnace performance. Coal-based rotary kiln is produced the DRI usage factor and is only had 0.4t/m3.d about, coal-based shaft furnace 1.4t/m3.d about, Gas base method shaft furnace can reach coal-based shaft furnace more than 2 times.
Energy consumption also is the metallurgical furnace kiln important indicator, and often is accompanied by environmental pollution. Shaft kiln directly reduced iron is not Only avoid huge investment and the environmental pollution of coke production, and coal consumption is all lower than tunnel cave, coal-based rotary kiln. Generally all more than 1t/t iron, the tunnel cave coal consumption is higher in the rotary kiln coal consumption; Shaft furnace only has about 0.7t/t iron.
Coal-based method DRI temperature is more high more good, coheres but furnace charge takes place the temperature height easily, so the furnace charge temperature Degree is controlled at about 1050 ℃; Generally about 900 ℃, not only energy consumption is low for gas base method direct-reduction temperature, Iron ore is softening, the bonding of more difficult generation thereby affect the fault of burden direct motion also. Simultaneously not coal blending of gas base method, The volumetric efficiency height; Furnace charge need not to separate, and can depress to block HBI (hot-pressed iron compact) at the red heat state, Bigger than DRI density, lumpiness, be difficult for reoxidizing, be more convenient for using and taking care of. If therefore can be with low investment Solve the reducing gases source problem with cost, gas base method direct-reduction is even more ideal, can obtain better benefit.
The specific embodiment:
Embodiment one: coal-based method production high-quality DRI, use Fig. 1 device.
Electric furnace steel making will be demanded perfection iron and degree of metalization all greater than 88% with high-quality DRI, and because its production process has determined impurity not discharge, objectionable impurities content is the smaller the better in the raw material.
With this ferriferous oxide and coal, and lime stone or the dolomite allocated into as desulfurizing agent, according to calculating good proportioning, the furnace roof hopper of successively packing into.The inside and outside Hybrid Heating of retort, coal gas are recycling; Reducing atmosphere, jar outer quirk oxidizing atmosphere in jar.Whenever furnace bottom draws off a when material part, the stock column of the entire reaction jar certain altitude that will descend by the control discharge rate, is adjusted furnace charge in heating, the recovery time of reative cell, produces degree of metalization height, high-quality DRI that impurity is few.
Reduction back furnace charge is DRI and blue charcoal, slag ash mixture, to carry, separate in order to prevent to reoxidize under the high temperature and be convenient to, cool off indirectly by the water-cooled steel plate at cooling section earlier, directly cooled off with inertia, reduction reproducibility or weak oxide gas by batch can again, come out of the stove below 100 ℃, magnetic separation separates then.
Embodiment two: gas base method production high-quality DRI, or smelting reduction process pre-reduced iron, use Fig. 2 device.
Produce the gas base method shaft furnace of steel-making, need use H with high-quality DRI
2Gas reduction high-grade lump ore or the pellet high with CO content; Melting and reducing is to utilize end reducing furnace to produce coal gas pre-reduced iron oxide, is molten into molten iron at end reducing furnace again, can suitably reduce the specification requirement of crude fuel and product.
With the supplementary material furnace roof hopper of packing into, import coal gas by excessive section or cooling section.Cooled coal gas heats up cold stock heating, the reduction of limit rising edge to continuing to fall with reduction back high temperature furnace charge heat exchange.Tail gas borrows negative pressure to draw, and carries in the burner again and mixes with air, sprays into the quirk burning, adds the thermal response jar, and the inside and outside Hybrid Heating of realization response jar, coal gas are recycling, reducing atmosphere, the outer quirk oxidizing atmosphere of jar in jar.
Whenever furnace bottom draws off a when material part, the stock column of the entire reaction jar certain altitude that will descend by the control discharge rate, is adjusted furnace charge in heating, the recovery time of reative cell, optimizes technology, produces DRI.
Gas base method is directly reduced, and product does not have the cinder ash, need not cooling and separates with magnetic separation.Can directly be connected with briquetting device with water-cooled steel plate funnel, discharge machine, produce HBI (hot-pressed iron compact).Steel-making HBI, raw material is made for steel-making in red commentaries on classics or cooling back; Melting and reducing prereduction iron oxide red changes end reducing furnace and produces molten iron.
Claims (3)
1, the dual-purpose reduction shaft furnace device of a kind of coal-based gas base is characterized in that:
By furnace roof hopper (1); Perpendicular pot type reative cell comprises preheating zone (2), zone of reduction and intermediate zone (3), salband (4); Discharge machine (6); Two cold jars or briquetting device (7); Quirk (5); Flue (11); Brick body of heater (10); Metal structure (9); Heating system (8); Thermal technology's monitoring system (12) is formed;
Described perpendicular pot type reative cell preheating zone is that Φ 200～Φ 400 heat resisting steel combs are made, or refractory brick is built by laying bricks or stones and is truncated cone shape; Zone of reduction, excess bandwidth 200～500mm, length-width ratio made by the heating resisting metal material, or refractory brick are built by laying bricks or stones greater than 3, high 4～12 meters; Salband is that the water cooled double-layered steel plate is made funnel-form, is connected with two cold jars of coal-based shaft furnaces or gas-based shaft kiln briquetting device with the discharge machine.
2, according to the described reduction shaft furnace device of claim 1, it is characterized in that also comprising:
The two cold jars that the discharge machine of coal-based shaft furnace connects below are steel low pressure vessels, its top and bottom mounted valve;
The briquetting device that the discharge machine of gas base method shaft furnace connects below is cuber, piece string disintegrating machine, cooling bath from top to bottom.
3, according to the described reduction shaft furnace device of claim 1, it is characterized in that also comprising:
5～15 layers of horizontal quirk guiding high-temperature flue gas are from the perpendicular pot type reative cell zone of reduction of external heat, preheating zone.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNU2007203055181U CN201149421Y (en) | 2007-11-20 | 2007-11-20 | Dual purpose shaft furnace reduction apparatus for coal base and gas base |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNU2007203055181U CN201149421Y (en) | 2007-11-20 | 2007-11-20 | Dual purpose shaft furnace reduction apparatus for coal base and gas base |
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| CN201149421Y true CN201149421Y (en) | 2008-11-12 |
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| CNU2007203055181U Expired - Fee Related CN201149421Y (en) | 2007-11-20 | 2007-11-20 | Dual purpose shaft furnace reduction apparatus for coal base and gas base |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103175622A (en) * | 2013-02-20 | 2013-06-26 | 罕王实业集团有限公司 | Furnace temperature detection system for nickel-iron melting vertical furnace |
| CN103752228A (en) * | 2014-01-23 | 2014-04-30 | 内蒙古科技大学 | Gas base permeation reactor |
| CN107076516A (en) * | 2014-10-22 | 2017-08-18 | 保尔伍斯股份有限公司 | Equipment for being cooled down to shaft furnace distribution chute trunnion pivot |
| CN110144465A (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2019-08-20 | 东北大学 | A kind of device and technique handling iron content, Zinc-Bearing Wastes |
| CN112648841A (en) * | 2019-10-11 | 2021-04-13 | 华林特钢集团有限公司 | Iron and steel smelting furnace convenient to add auxiliary material |
-
2007
- 2007-11-20 CN CNU2007203055181U patent/CN201149421Y/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103175622A (en) * | 2013-02-20 | 2013-06-26 | 罕王实业集团有限公司 | Furnace temperature detection system for nickel-iron melting vertical furnace |
| CN103752228A (en) * | 2014-01-23 | 2014-04-30 | 内蒙古科技大学 | Gas base permeation reactor |
| CN103752228B (en) * | 2014-01-23 | 2015-05-13 | 内蒙古科技大学 | Gas base permeation reactor |
| CN107076516A (en) * | 2014-10-22 | 2017-08-18 | 保尔伍斯股份有限公司 | Equipment for being cooled down to shaft furnace distribution chute trunnion pivot |
| CN110144465A (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2019-08-20 | 东北大学 | A kind of device and technique handling iron content, Zinc-Bearing Wastes |
| CN112648841A (en) * | 2019-10-11 | 2021-04-13 | 华林特钢集团有限公司 | Iron and steel smelting furnace convenient to add auxiliary material |
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20081112 Termination date: 20141120 |
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| EXPY | Termination of patent right or utility model |