CN1029411C - Entirely flow continuous steelmaking and iron-smelting method and apparatus - Google Patents
Entirely flow continuous steelmaking and iron-smelting method and apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN1029411C CN1029411C CN 92114669 CN92114669A CN1029411C CN 1029411 C CN1029411 C CN 1029411C CN 92114669 CN92114669 CN 92114669 CN 92114669 A CN92114669 A CN 92114669A CN 1029411 C CN1029411 C CN 1029411C
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a method and an apparatus for entire forward-flow continuous steel making and iron smelting. The apparatus is mainly composed of an entirely sealed reactor. Fine iron ore powder and a smelting agent are added to the reactor from the top, and the fine iron ore powder is reduced into ferrous oxide by flow high-temperature gas, is smelted at the lower part and then enters a reduction-oxidation area transversally arranged in the reactor. The ferrous oxide is finally reduced into iron by coal dust and oxygen which are blown into the reduction area; iron drips and slag are separated through a section of settling area; molten iron flows through a passage on a dam and enters the oxidation area; finally, molten steel and the slag are respectively discharged from a steel outlet and a slag outlet. Coal gas enters a waste heat boiler through a smelting coal gas passage; after heat is converted into steam for power generation; partial coal gas after dust removal can be used for reducing the fine iron ore powder by being heated again.
Description
The present invention is a continuous steelmaking method and equipment.
The steelmaking process of large integrated enterprise is produced molten iron and oxygen converter steelmaking with blast furnace at present.Modern blast furnace is a huge facility, and building needs great amount of investment, and for example the blast furnace of daily output 5 kiloton molten iron needs 200,000,000 dollars investment approximately.Blast furnace coke is made fuel and reductive agent, what is more important, coke works to support furnace charge in blast furnace, it can allow furnace gas by and do not produce too high pressure and fall.But the construction of pit kiln is a very big investment, causes the serious environmental pollution problem simultaneously again.The coke oven of daily output 3 kiloton coke needs about 200,000,000 dollars investment approximately.The preparation of blast furnace iron ore also needs a very big investment cost.The required investment of sintering plant of monthly output 5 kiloton pig iron is about 100,000,000 dollars.
The huge investment that blast furnace, coke oven and sintering plant are required, and the serious environmental pollution that coking plant and sintering plant caused, it is impossible to make that newly-built blast furnace ironmaking facility almost becomes.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of entirely flow continuous steelmaking method and equipment, be to come coke for replacing and directly fine iron breeze is added the shaft-type furnace reactor with coal, the reactor branch divides prereduction district, reduction zone and oxidation zone into, add raw material at top, prereduction district, the thermal reduction gas heating that is sprayed into by top is reduced into iron protoxide (Fu Shi body) and melts in the shaft-type furnace bottom.The iron protoxide of fusing flows to the melting and reducing part, and coal gas and the oxygen reduction that is sprayed into also is fused into liquid iron, and liquid iron flows into oxidation zone, and impurity such as the carbon that contains in the liquid iron, brick and phosphorus are oxidized to steel or half steel at the industrial oxygen that oxidation zone is blown into.
The shaft-type furnace reactor that provides with the integrally closed of fine iron breeze and coal dust direct steelmaking is provided in the present invention, and this reactor comprises a shaft-type furnace, i.e. the reduction zone and the oxidation zone of a vertical unfolded prereduction district and a horizontal spreading.Reduction zone and oxidation zone are separated by the dam that refractory materials is built into, and the reduction zone is further divided into reaction zone and settling region again, is provided with in the reduction zone to spray into coal dust and oxygen unit, drips with slag at settling region iron and separates, and slag is emitted by cinder notch.Between oxidation zone and reduction zone, be provided with the isolation dam that refractory materials is built into, build, protrude from the surface of slag, passage is arranged on isolation dam, so that molten iron flows into oxidation zone from the reduction zone in furnace bottom.
The prereduction district of reactor is the cartridge type shaft furnace, cylinder or rectangular parallelepiped that its redox district is a horizontal spreading.The redox district smelts the upper end that gas flue is positioned at the redox district, and prereduction district gas exit can be before coal gas enters the reduction zone, also can flow through redox district and together discharge after this district's coal gas mixes.
Equipment of the present invention is a reactor assembly, be again one by fine iron breeze and coal dust the method for continuous steelmaking in the container of an integrally closed.In this method, fine ore and flux enter the top in cartridge type prereduction district, thermal response gas heats furnace charge and it is reduced to iron protoxide, iron protoxide in the bottom in prereduction district with the flux melting and enter the reduction zone, entering coal dust and the oxygen reduction that the iron protoxide of reduction zone sprayed into is molten iron, molten iron separates in the settling region with slag, slag is discharged by slag notch, the channel isolation that molten iron is flowed through on the intermediary dam, redox district enters oxidation zone, and at this district decarburization, desiliconization and dephosphorization, molten steel flows out from tap hole.
Fill process comprises imports hopper from feed bin with screw feeder with fine iron breeze and ground flux, is entered the top in prereduction district again by the opening for feed of hopper bottom.Opening for feed and the junction water cooled seal of prereduction district.Enter the top that cold reducing gas that the powder in prereduction district radially is blown into is uniformly distributed in the prereduction district by opening for feed.
Industry oxygen or oxygen-rich air are imported by reduction section, and slag is discharged by the slag notch of settling region, and the bottom stirring of inert gas is used to add fast response and strengthens heat passage between gas and the slag.
In oxidation zone, with industrial oxygen decarburization, desiliconization and dephosphorization.Gas stirring also is used for oxidation zone.
The shaft of horizontal spreading should have certain obliquity, and the coal gas waste heat will be absorbed and used in waste heat boiler.Dust in the gas is further removed by the electrostatic precipitation qi exhaustion more earlier by tornado dust collector.The clean coal gas of part can be used for prereduction, and part is used to heat prereduction gas, and the gas that is left can be used for the follow-up steel course of processing.
Further describe the present invention below in conjunction with technical process and equipment synoptic diagram.
Fig. 1 technological process flow process of the present invention figure.
Fig. 2 the present invention makes steel the schematic side view of reactor.
Fig. 3 reactor A-A cross-sectional schematic.
Fig. 4 isolation dam front schematic view.
Fig. 5 feeding unit synoptic diagram.
Fig. 6 water cooled seal circle B-B cut-away view.
Referring to Fig. 2, reactor of the present invention is designed to three sections, formed by the prereduction section (A) of vertical expansion, redox section (B) and the smelting gas passage (C) of horizontal spreading, the redox section is divided into again reducing zone and zoneofoxidation, and the reducing zone is divided into again reaction zone (40) and settling zone (70).
Referring to Fig. 2, shown in Figure 5, fine iron breeze and ground flux are respectively by screw feeder input hopper, enter the top, prereduction district of reactor after in hopper, mixing, and the high temperature reduction gas-heated that is blown at this place and prereduction are ferrous oxide, ferrous oxide is chewed the heat that is provided in bottom, prereduction district by the fine coal burning and is dissolved, and generates the ferrous slag of high oxidation. Carbon monoxide in the prereduction gas (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) to keep certain ratio (0.5～1.5), to satisfy the thermodynamics and kinetics needs that under prereduction district temperature, fine iron breeze are reduced to ferrous oxide.
Compare with other ironmaking new technology of making fuel with fine coal, the present invention adopts the whole container of sealing with iron ore concentrate prereduction with concurrent, melting and further reduction, and it has the advantage that need not transmit the intermediate reaction thing. The big multiplex shaft furnace of other technology or fluid bed are made the prereduction device, and the hot breeze after the prereduction or the middle conveying of pellet can cause the problem of equipment and environment aspect.
The ferrous oxide of melting enters cross section be rectangular or the reducing zone of circle shape after, the reduction of the fine coal that is blown into by the top, reduction reaction institute calorific requirement is that the second-time burning by the partial combustion of coal and the reduction carbon monoxide that produces and the industrial oxygen that sprays into is provided. The slag that the reducing zone the generates settling zone of flowing through is heavy After dripping, the iron of carrying secretly in long-pending the slagging tap discharged by slag notch. The molten iron passage (it is following to be positioned at slag blanket) that molten iron flows through on the isolation dam enters zoneofoxidation. Bath temperature depends primarily on following factor in the reduction reaction process: the hot gas on second-time burning degree, furnace wall heat loss and the slag blanket is to Bath Heat-Transfer efficient.
In smelting reduction process, the ferrous oxide in the slag will be reduced by the carbon that infiltrates in the molten iron. The fine coal that top lance sprays into will constantly replenish the charcoal consumption of reduction reaction. Because charcoal and liquid oxidatively ferrous iron reaction speed at high temperature are very fast, the speed of iron reduction reaction is determined to the speed that reaction interface spreads by charcoal and ferrous oxide. Therefore, the speed of reduction reaction speed depends primarily on the speed that stir the reducing zone. In addition, reduction reaction is a strong endothermic reaction, needs higher by the efficient of hot gas to Bath Heat-Transfer. Consider that from this two aspect the good stirring in molten bath will play a crucial role to the production efficiency of reactor. In this invention, use top winding-up and bottom stirring of inert gas will guarantee the good mixing in molten bath.
Because zoneofoxidation produces contains coal gas that the higher coal gas of carbon monoxide and prereduction district and reducing zone produces and merge together comprehensively and reclaim, the heat energy in the coal gas and chemical energy can be fully used. Coal gas of high temperature can be used for generating, and the coal gas after the cleaning can be used for the pre-reduced iron washed ore, can greatly reduce like this consumption of total fuel.
Utilizing hot-blast stove to come the preheating reducing gas is the another characteristics of this invention, and this technology has supplied the High Temperature Pre reducing gas that can accurately control for the prereduction district.
Referring to Fig. 2, a kind of equipment of continuous steelmaking and iron-smelting, contain shaft-type furnace, reactor, whirlwind and the electrostatic precipitator (74) and the powder that it is characterized in that comprising integrally closed add equipment, wherein the integrally closed reactor is divided into prereduction section (A), the redox section (B) of setting and smelts gas passage (C), and the prereduction section is a shaft-type furnace; The redox section is the horizontal vessel with circle or square-section; Smelting gas passage is a vertical passage, and the outlet of passage connects waste heat boiler (72), whirlwind and electrostatic precipitator (74); The shaft-type furnace top has charging aperture (18), charging aperture is connected with the feed hopper outlet, furnace sidewall is provided with 2～4 thermal reduction gas entrances (32), the lower portion of furnace body sidewall is provided with 1～4 fine coal burner (36), the thermal reduction gas that upper of furnace body sprays into is reduced to ferrous oxide (Fu Shi body) with the iron ore concentrate branch Ferrous oxide and flux are heated; Lower portion of furnace body connects the reducing zone, its top is provided with coal dust, oxygen intake (42), the bottom is provided with inert gas entrance (58), set up an isolation dam (54) at redox section middle part, the left side of isolation dam (54) is reducing zone (41), the right side of isolation dam (54) is zoneofoxidation (70), and the bottom of isolation dam (54) has passage (52), and molten iron flows into zoneofoxidation (70) from passage (52); Zoneofoxidation (70) top is provided with oxygen intake (60), and zoneofoxidation (70) bottom is provided with inert gas entrance (68), and the end of zoneofoxidation (70) has tapping hole (62), and side has slag outlet (66).
Referring to Fig. 5, powder adding equipment comprises feed hopper (16), screw feeder (20), (26), fine iron breeze feed bin (10), (12), (14) and ground flux feed bin (23), (24), and powder enters feed hopper (16) through screw feeder (20), (26). Powder mixes rear from shaft-type furnace top fed mouth (18) charging in feed hopper (16); The cold reducing gas (31) of Radial Flow radially flows out through concentric tube (28). One slit (30) is arranged at the bottom of air inlet pipe, makes the gas that penetrates by it have enough kinetic energy, so that powder is evenly distributed in the prereduction district (A) of reactor. Cartridge type fire door place also is provided with water cooler (25), is used for cooling feed hopper (16).
Ingress (36) (60) at coal dust, oxygen in this equipment all is equipped with burner (42).
Smelting the top that gas flue (C) is arranged on the redox district in this equipment erects.
Referring to Fig. 1, continuous steelmaking and iron-smelting method of the present invention
(1) the top charging opening (18) to integrally closed reactor cartridge type stove adds fine iron breeze and ground flux, and fine iron breeze and ground flux are along the shaft-type furnace radial distribution;
(2) the thermal reduction gas inlet (32) from the prereduction district sprays into thermal reduction gas, with concurrent fine iron breeze is reduced to iron protoxide (Fu Shi body);
(3) bottom, prereduction district sprays into coal dust and oxygen, with iron protoxide reduction and fusion;
(4) reduction zone burner (42) sprays into coal dust and oxygen, and the fused iron protoxide is reduced into liquid iron; (58) are blown into rare gas element and stir from the air port simultaneously;
(5) settling region (50) will be involved in iron in the slag and drip with slag and separate;
(6) slag is discharged from cinder notch (46);
(7) molten iron flow in the oxidation zone by the passage (52) of isolation dam (54) bottom, and oxidation zone oxygen intake (60) sprays into oxygen and removes carbon, silicon and phosphorus in the molten iron;
(8) molten steel flows out from tap hole (62), and flue gas is discharged from smelting gas flue (c);
(9) slag is discharged from slag-drip opening (66).
The method of continuous steelmaking and iron-smelting of the present invention has following characteristics: 1. the powder of Jia Ruing is the method for feeding in raw material to hopper from feed bin with screw feeder; 2. enter the fine iron breeze on prereduction section top and ground flux along the radially-arranged method of shaft-type furnace; 3. the part coal gas that produces in the integrally closed reactor is used for thermal reduction gas as the pre-reduced iron fine ore through the hotblast stove heating cycle.
Molten iron flows into the spray gun that is inserted by the top oxidation zone (70) back and sprays into oxygen with the carbon in the oxidation molten iron, silicon and phosphorus, and molten steel is flowed out by tap hole (62) continuously or intermittently.The oxidation zone slag is discharged by slag notch (66).For the promotes oxidn process, the bottom, molten bath is blown into rare gas element by air port (68) and stirs at this.
Can go out slag iron (steel) to the greatest extent before making blowing out, furnace bottom has the downward pitch angle of a level, and the angle of inclination should be too not big, is advisable with about 3 °, and promptly the furnace bottom along continuous straight runs is downward-sloping.
The coal gas that prereduction district (A) and reduction-oxidation district (B) produce converges the back and discharges by smelting gas flue (c).The coal gas waste heat boiler (72) of flowing through with the recovery waste heat generating, is removed dust through whirlwind and electrostatic precipitator (74) again.The clean coal gas of part is used for the thermal reduction gas of prereduction fine ore after hotblast stove (76) heating.
Among the embodiment, add lime or Wingdale as slag former in oxidation zone.
Example:
In following column count, aforesaid device supposition is used for per hour producing 100 tons of pig iron.Table 1(a, b c) has listed the chemical analysis of iron ore concentrate, coal dust and flux.The oxygen that is used for prereduction and reduction zone is industrial oxygen, and its composition is about 95% oxygen and 5% nitrogen.
The thermosteresis in prereduction district and melting and reducing district is 10% of intake, is 40% at melting and reducing district post-combustion rate, and heat transfer efficiency is 85%.
Table 1(a) iron ore concentrate composition (weight percentage)
Iron calcium oxide magnesium oxide silicon-dioxide aluminium sesquioxide manganese oxide phosphorus
71.1 0.09 0.35 0.40 0.24 0.06 0.01
Table 1(b) composition (weight percentage) of coal
Hydrocarbon oxygen nitrogen sulphur ash
81.2 4.3 4.4 1.6 0.6 8.0
Contain in the ash
Silicon-dioxide aluminium sesquioxide calcium oxide ferric oxide
5.12 1.84 0.18 0.50
Table 1(C) composition (weight percentage) of flux
The calcium oxide silica dioxide
98 0.5 1.5
According to above-mentioned supposition, the calculation result of thermal equilibrium and mass balance is listed table 2 respectively in table 5.Table 2 is for per hour producing the needed inlet amount of 100 pig iron with slag and the thermometal output at each reaction zone
The charging of each reaction zone of table 2, slag and thermometal are given birth to amount (ton/time)
Iron ore concentrate flux cinder thermometal
Prereduction district 136.0 3.55 14.7 129.7-
Reduction zone--51.9 8.6 100
Table 3 is standard volume flow and the per-cent of gas each component at each reaction zone.
Table 3 gas is at the standard volume flow and the per-cent of each reaction zone
CO CO
2N
2N
2H
2The O total amount
In cubic meter/time 34,140 45,880 3,258 11,250 15,000 109500, are marked in the prereduction district
Inlet per-cent 31.2 41.8 3.0 10.3 13.7 100
In cubic meter/time 30,840 71,950 4,586 9,993 23,320 140700, are marked in the prereduction district
Outlet per-cent 21.9 51.1 3.3 7.1 16.6 100
In cubic meter/time 45,020 30,010 2,653 15,010 10,010 102700, marked in the reduction zone
Per-cent 43.8 29.2 2.6 14.6 9.7 100
General export is marked cubic meter/time 75,860 10,186 7,239 25,000 3,330 243400
Per-cent 31.1 41.9 3.0 10.3 13.7 100
Table 4 is the oxygen-consumption of each reaction.
Table 4 oxygen consumption (mark cubic meter/time)
Prereduction district reduction zone total amount
22810 39770 62580
Table 5 is prereduction district and the reduction zone consumption of coal under above-mentioned false condition.
Each reaction zone of table 5 and total consumption of coal (ton/time)
Prereduction district reduction zone total amount
14.66 51.95 66.61
Gas outlet temperature is higher than 1500 ℃, supposes that the waste heat boiler Outlet Gas Temperature is 300 ℃, from coal gas recyclable 1.32 * 10
11The heat in card/time.Suppose 35% turnover ratio, then can generate electricity 5.37 * 10
7Watt.The electric energy of supposing to be used to make oxygen is 1.65 * 10
7Watt (suppose every production one mark cubic meter oxygen need 0.4 watt-hour) then economizes 3.72 * 10
7Watt electric energy, exportable other purpose that is used for.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of entirely flow continuous steelmaking method is characterized in that:
(1) the top charging opening (18) to integrally closed reactor cartridge type stove adds fine iron breeze and ground flux, and fine iron breeze and ground flux are along the shaft-type furnace radial distribution;
(2) the thermal reduction gas inlet (32) from the prereduction district sprays into thermal reduction gas, with concurrent fine iron breeze is reduced to iron protoxide (Fu Shi body);
(3) bottom, prereduction district sprays into coal dust and oxygen, with iron protoxide reduction and fusion;
(4) reduction zone burner (42) sprays into coal dust and oxygen, and the fused iron protoxide is reduced into liquid iron; (58) are blown into rare gas element and stir from the air port simultaneously;
(5) settling region (50) will be involved in iron in the slag and drip with slag and separate;
(6) slag is discharged from cinder notch (46);
(7) molten iron flows in the oxidation zone by isolation dam (54) bottom and passage (52), and oxidation zone oxygen intake (60) sprays into oxygen and removes carbon in the molten iron in the molten iron, silicon and phosphorus;
(8) molten steel flows out from tap hole (62), and coal gas is discharged from smelting gas flue (c);
(9) slag is discharged from slag-drip opening (66).
2,, it is characterized in that the powder that adds is the method for feeding in raw material to hopper (16) from feed bin (10) (12) (14) (23) (24) with screw feeder (20) (26) by the described continuous steelmaking method of claim 1.
3,, it is characterized in that entering the fine iron breeze on prereduction section (A) top and ground flux along the radially-arranged method of shaft-type furnace by the described continuous steelmaking method of claim 1.
4,, it is characterized in that the part coal gas that produces in the integrally closed reactor is used for thermal reduction gas as the pre-reduced iron fine ore through process furnace heating and circulation by the described continuous steelmaking method of claim 1.
5, a kind of equipment of entirely flow continuous steelmaking, it is characterized in that it has reactor, whirlwind and the electrostatic precipitator (74) of integrally closed and powder to add equipment, wherein the integrally closed reactor is divided into prereduction section (A), the redox section (B) of setting and smelts gas flue (C), and prereduction section (A) is a shaft-type furnace; Also have-oxidation panel (B) is the horizontal container with circle or square-section; Smelting gas flue (C) is a vertical passage, and the outlet of passage connects waste heat boiler (72) and whirlwind and electrostatic precipitator (74); The shaft-type furnace top has opening for feed (18), opening for feed (18) is connected with hopper (16) outlet, furnace sidewall is provided with 2～4 thermal reduction gas inlets (32), the body of heater lower sides is provided with 1～4 fine coal burner (36), the thermal reduction gas that upper of furnace body thermal reduction gas inlet (32) sprays into is reduced to iron protoxide (Fu Shi body) with fine iron breeze, and iron protoxide and flux are heated; The body of heater bottom connects the reduction zone, and its top is provided with coal dust, oxygen intake (42), and the bottom is provided with inert gas entrance (58); Set up an isolation dam (54) at redox section middle part, the left side of isolation dam is reduction zone (41), and the right side of isolation dam is oxidation zone (70), and the bottom of isolation dam has passage (52), and molten iron flows into oxidation zone (70) from passage (52); Oxidation zone (70) top is provided with oxygen intake (60), oxidation zone (70) bottom is provided with inert gas entrance (68), the end of oxidation zone (70) has tap hole (62), and side has slag outlet (66), and along continuous straight runs is downward-sloping at the bottom of the integrally closed reactor furnace.
6, press the equipment of the described continuous steelmaking of claim 5, it is characterized in that powder adding equipment comprises hopper (16), screw feeder (20), (26), fine iron breeze feed bin (10), (12), (14) and ground flux feed bin (23), (24), powder enters hopper (16) through screw feeder (20), (26).
7, by the equipment of the described continuous steelmaking of claim 5, it is characterized in that the ingress (36) (60) of coal dust, oxygen all is equipped with burner.
8,, it is characterized in that smelting the top setting that gas flue (c) is arranged on the redox district by the equipment of the described continuous steelmaking of claim 5.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 92114669 CN1029411C (en) | 1992-12-23 | 1992-12-23 | Entirely flow continuous steelmaking and iron-smelting method and apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 92114669 CN1029411C (en) | 1992-12-23 | 1992-12-23 | Entirely flow continuous steelmaking and iron-smelting method and apparatus |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 94104011 Division CN1031206C (en) | 1994-04-14 | 1994-04-14 | Method and equipment for integrated direct flow type continuous iron-smelting |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1073212A CN1073212A (en) | 1993-06-16 |
| CN1029411C true CN1029411C (en) | 1995-08-02 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN 92114669 Expired - Fee Related CN1029411C (en) | 1992-12-23 | 1992-12-23 | Entirely flow continuous steelmaking and iron-smelting method and apparatus |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101665849B (en) * | 2008-09-04 | 2011-04-06 | 莱芜钢铁集团有限公司 | Continuous steel making process for iron ore |
| JP4712082B2 (en) * | 2008-09-26 | 2011-06-29 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Coal gasification and direct iron making method and system |
| IT1401529B1 (en) * | 2010-08-18 | 2013-07-26 | Tenova Spa | METHOD AND SYSTEM OF CONTROL AND TRACKING OF THE CHARGE OF MATERIAL CARRIED BY A CONTINUOUS POWER SUPPLY CONVEYOR OF A METALLURGICAL OVEN, PARTICULARLY AN ELECTRIC OVEN FOR THE PRODUCTION OF STEEL |
| CN103834752B (en) * | 2014-03-04 | 2015-04-08 | 北京科技大学 | Thermal-state slag online modification device |
| CN108374067B (en) * | 2018-04-09 | 2019-07-02 | 东北大学 | A kind of device and method of reduction direct steelmaking at full speed |
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1992
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| CN1073212A (en) | 1993-06-16 |
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