CN204043965U - A kind of gas mercury comprehensively sampling device - Google Patents
A kind of gas mercury comprehensively sampling device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN204043965U CN204043965U CN201420435744.1U CN201420435744U CN204043965U CN 204043965 U CN204043965 U CN 204043965U CN 201420435744 U CN201420435744 U CN 201420435744U CN 204043965 U CN204043965 U CN 204043965U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- absorption
- sampling
- mercury
- flue
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001925 catabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of gas mercury comprehensively sampling device, comprise charcoal absorption sampler and solution absorption sampler, in described charcoal absorption sampler, absorption type gas sampling probe (7) is connected with gas mercury sampling thief (6), is provided with the adsorption tube (8) of built-in activated charcoal in absorption type gas sampling probe (7); Described solution absorbs in sampler, absorption gas sampling probe (2) is connected with ice bath case (4) by flue gas trace pipe (3), the inside of described ice bath case (4) is provided with seven grades of absorption bottles (5), seven grades of absorption bottles (5) are arranged by two gas circuit structure carries out series connection sampling, and absorption bottle (5) is connected with gas mercury sampling thief (6).The utility model is used for the collection to gaseous mercury in high concentration coal-fired flue-gas, and acquisition time is long, and sampling quantity is large, and collecting efficiency is high, and precision is high; For the collection to total mercury in low concentration dust atmosphere, capture rate is high, and precision simple to operate is high, can go out result fast.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to analysis and the fields of measurement of heavy metal in stationary pollution source waste gas, is specifically related to a kind of gas mercury comprehensively sampling device.
Background technology
Along with the rapid growth of Electricity Demand, coal-fired power plant total amount keeps rapid growth trend.How accurately and effectively coal fire discharged mercury in flue gas content occupies the great majority of artificial mercury emissions, the content of gather and analysis gas mercury, becomes the important method of the Mercury vacancy ability evaluating the existing pollutant catabolic gene equipment in coal-burning power plant.Mercury in flue gas exists with different physics, chemical form; Concentration is very low, is Gamma Magnitude, needs sampling and analytic process accurately to control, factor of removing all kinds of obstacles, ensures measurement accuracy.At the scene in complex environment, the requirement of gas mercury sampling apparatus is simple to operate, cost is low, volume is little; The existence of mercury in flue gas under accurate response high temperature, high sulfur environment; The mercury of various valence state in accurate acquisition flue gas; Simultaneously in order to ensure measuring accuracy and data validity, the collection of parallel double sample during each test, must be carried out, and complete on-the-spot recovery test.Existing sampling instrument ubiquity sampling location complicated operation, carries inconvenience, and sampling cost is high, and collecting efficiency is low, and measuring accuracy is low, deviation is large, and environmental requirement is harsh, accurately can not reflect the problems such as the concentration under the various existences of mercury.
Summary of the invention
For gas mercury sampling apparatus in prior art in sampling location complicated operation, the problem such as cost is high, collecting efficiency is low, environmental requirement is harsh, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of gas mercury comprehensively sampling device, effectively improves sampling accuracy and precision.
To achieve these goals, the technical scheme that the utility model is taked is:
A kind of gas mercury comprehensively sampling device, it is characterized in that, comprise charcoal absorption sampler and solution absorption sampler, described charcoal absorption sampler comprises absorption type gas sampling probe (7) and gas mercury sampling thief (6), absorption type gas sampling probe (7) is connected with gas mercury sampling thief (6), is provided with the adsorption tube (8) of built-in activated charcoal in absorption type gas sampling probe (7); Described solution absorbs sampler and comprises absorption gas sampling probe (2), ice bath case (4) and gas mercury sampling thief (6), absorption gas sampling probe (2) is connected with ice bath case (4) by flue gas trace pipe (3), the inside of described ice bath case (4) is provided with seven grades of absorption bottles (5), seven grades of absorption bottles (5) are arranged by two gas circuit structure carries out series connection sampling, and absorption bottle (5) is connected with gas mercury sampling thief (6).
Further, described absorption tube (8) parallel two-way is arranged on the inside of absorption type gas sampling probe (7).
Further, described gas mercury sampling thief (6) can respectively according to setting flow and sampling time Constant flow sample.
Further, described flue gas trace pipe (3) controls flue-gas temperature and maintained more than 120 DEG C before entering ice bath case (4), prevents the water vapor in flue gas from condensing and making the mercury in flue gas not enter ice bath case (4) completely.
Further, described seven grades of absorption bottles (5) are built with composite absorption liquid, and wherein, 1,2,3 grade of in-built KCl solution of absorption bottle, absorbs the gaseous state bivalent mercury in flue gas; 4 grades of in-built 30%H of absorption bottle
2o
2+ 10%HNO
3solution, the reducing substances in absorption flue gas is as sulphuric dioxide etc.; 5,6,7 grades of in-built 5%KMNO of absorption bottle
4+ 50%H
2sO
4solution, absorbs the gaseous elementary mercury in flue gas.
Further, described absorption gas sampling probe (2) and absorption type gas sampling probe (7) stretch in flue respectively by walling of flue (1).
Further, described flue gas trace pipe (3) pipeline adopts and makes without absorption material.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are:
Gas mercury comprehensively sampling device of the present utility model is simple to operate, cost is low, volume is little; Solution absorbed gas mercury comprehensively sampling device can react the concentration under high temperature, high sulfur environment in flue gas under gaseous mercury existence; Concentration in charcoal absorption formula gas mercury comprehensively sampling device reaction low concentration dust atmosphere and flue gas under gaseous mercury and particulate Hg existence.
Flue gas trace pipe prevents the water vapor in flue gas from condensing and making the mercury in flue gas not enter ice bath case completely, ensures that flue-gas temperature maintained more than 120 DEG C before entering ice bath case.
Ice bath case reduces the temperature of absorbing liquid, improves the absorption efficiency of absorbing liquid.
Adopt seven grades of absorption bottles and composite absorption liquid to get rid of the interference of reducing substances in flue gas, in energy accurate acquisition flue gas, the mercury of various valence state, improves the collecting efficiency to mercury in flue gas.
Absorption bottle is arranged by two gas circuit structure and carries out series connection and to sample two-way Parallel Sampling, ensure that the validity of the accuracy of measurement result, precision and data.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the one-piece construction schematic diagram of the utility model solution absorbed gas mercury comprehensively sampling device.
Fig. 2 is the one-piece construction schematic diagram of the utility model charcoal absorption formula gas mercury comprehensively sampling device.
Wherein, 1, walling of flue; 2, absorption gas sampling probe; 3, flue gas trace pipe; 4, ice bath case; 5, absorption bottle; 6, gas mercury sampling thief; 7, absorption type gas sampling probe; 8, adsorption tube.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the utility model is further described.
A kind of gas mercury comprehensively sampling device, it is characterized in that, comprise charcoal absorption sampler and solution absorption sampler, described charcoal absorption sampler comprises absorption type gas sampling probe 7 and gas mercury sampling thief 6, absorption type gas sampling probe 7 is connected with gas mercury sampling thief 6, is provided with the adsorption tube 8 of built-in activated charcoal in absorption type gas sampling probe 7; Described solution absorbs sampler and comprises absorption gas sampling probe 2, ice bath case 4 and gas mercury sampling thief 6, absorption gas sampling probe 2 is connected with ice bath case 4 by flue gas trace pipe 3, the inside of described ice bath case 4 is provided with seven grades of absorption bottles 5, seven grades of absorption bottles 5 are arranged by two gas circuit structure and carry out series connection sampling, and absorption bottle 5 is connected with gas mercury sampling thief 6.
Further, the parallel two-way of described absorption tube 8 is arranged on the inside of absorption type gas sampling probe 7.
Further, described gas mercury sampling thief 6 can respectively according to setting flow and sampling time Constant flow sample.
Further, described flue gas trace pipe 3 controls flue-gas temperature and maintained more than 120 DEG C before entering ice bath case 4, prevents the water vapor in flue gas from condensing and making the mercury in flue gas not enter ice bath case 4 completely.
Further, described seven grades of absorption bottles 5 are built with composite absorption liquid, and wherein, 1,2,3 grade of in-built KCl solution of absorption bottle, absorbs the gaseous state bivalent mercury in flue gas; 4 grades of in-built 30%H of absorption bottle
2o
2+ 10%HNO
3solution, the reducing substances in absorption flue gas is as sulphuric dioxide etc.; 5,6,7 grades of in-built 5%KMNO of absorption bottle
4+ 50%H
2sO
4solution, absorbs the gaseous elementary mercury in flue gas.
Further, described absorption gas sampling probe 2 and absorption type gas sampling probe 7 stretch in flue respectively by walling of flue 1.
Further, described flue gas trace pipe 3 pipeline adopts and makes without absorption material.
Gas mercury comprehensively sampling device of the present utility model, this sampling apparatus is double joins two kinds of sampling systems, i.e. charcoal absorption sampling system and solution absorb sampling system.Namely the charcoal absorption sampling system detecting mercury content in low concentration dust atmosphere and the solution detecting high concentration Mercury In Coal Combustion Flue Gas content absorb sampling system.
When environment of sampling is low concentration dust atmosphere, charcoal absorption formula gas mercury comprehensively sampling device can be adopted.This device comprises absorption type gas sampling probe 7 and gas mercury sampling thief 6(as shown in Figure 2), absorption type gas sampling probe 7 stretches in flue, flue endoparticle mercury, gaseous atom mercury, gaseous state bivalent mercury become trapped in the absorption tube 8 of band activated charcoal in absorption type gas sampling probe 7, and gas mercury sampling thief 6 can respectively according to setting flow and sampling time Constant flow sample.The utility model is used for the collection to gaseous mercury in high concentration coal-fired flue-gas, and acquisition time is long, and sampling quantity is large, and collecting efficiency is high, and precision is high.
When environment of sampling is high-concentration fume, high sulfur environment, solution absorbed gas mercury comprehensively sampling device can be adopted.This device comprises absorption gas sampling probe 2, flue gas trace pipe 3, ice bath case 4, absorption bottle 5 and gas mercury sampling thief 6(are as shown in Figure 1), absorption gas sampling probe 2 stretches in flue, flue gas trace pipe 3 is connected with absorption gas sampling probe 2, ensure that flue-gas temperature maintained more than 120 DEG C before entering ice bath case 4, prevent the water vapor in flue gas from condensing and making the mercury in flue gas not enter ice bath case 4 completely, after flue gas enters ice bath case 4, gaseous state bivalent mercury in flue gas is by 1 of in-built KCl solution, 2, 3 grades of absorption bottles 5 gather, reducing substances (as sulphuric dioxide etc.) in flue gas is by in-built 30%H
2o
2+ 10%HNO
34 grades of absorption bottles 5 of solution gather, and prevent reducing substances from making 5%KMNO
4+ 50%H
2sO
4oxidability to lose efficacy and can not gaseous mercury in fully oxidized flue gas, the gaseous elementary mercury in flue gas is by in-built 5%KMNO
4+ 50%H
2sO
45,6,7 grades of absorption bottles 5 of solution gather, gas mercury sampling thief 6 respectively according to setting flow 0.5L/min and sampling time 1h Constant flow sample, and can arrange two-way Parallel Sampling, thus improves accuracy in detection and the precision of gas mercury sampling thief 6.The utility model is used for the collection to total mercury in low concentration dust atmosphere, and capture rate is high, and precision simple to operate is high, can go out result fast.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present utility model, not in order to limit the utility model.All do within spirit of the present utility model and principle any amendment, equivalent to replace and improvement etc., all should be included within protection domain of the present utility model.
Claims (7)
1. a gas mercury comprehensively sampling device, it is characterized in that, comprise charcoal absorption sampler and solution absorption sampler, described charcoal absorption sampler comprises absorption type gas sampling probe (7) and gas mercury sampling thief (6), absorption type gas sampling probe (7) is connected with gas mercury sampling thief (6), is provided with the adsorption tube (8) of built-in activated charcoal in absorption type gas sampling probe (7); Described solution absorbs sampler and comprises absorption gas sampling probe (2), ice bath case (4) and gas mercury sampling thief (6), absorption gas sampling probe (2) is connected with ice bath case (4) by flue gas trace pipe (3), the inside of described ice bath case (4) is provided with seven grades of absorption bottles (5), seven grades of absorption bottles (5) are arranged by two gas circuit structure carries out series connection sampling, and absorption bottle (5) is connected with gas mercury sampling thief (6).
2. a kind of gas mercury comprehensively sampling device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described absorption tube (8) parallel two-way is arranged on the inside of absorption type gas sampling probe (7).
3. a kind of gas mercury comprehensively sampling device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described gas mercury sampling thief (6) can respectively according to setting flow and sampling time Constant flow sample.
4. a kind of gas mercury comprehensively sampling device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described flue gas trace pipe (3) controls flue-gas temperature and maintained more than 120 DEG C before entering ice bath case (4).
5. a kind of gas mercury comprehensively sampling device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described seven grades of absorption bottles (5) are built with composite absorption liquid.
6. a kind of gas mercury comprehensively sampling device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described absorption gas sampling probe (2) and absorption type gas sampling probe (7) stretch in flue respectively by walling of flue (1).
7. a kind of gas mercury comprehensively sampling device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described flue gas trace pipe (3) pipeline adopts to be made without absorption material.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201420435744.1U CN204043965U (en) | 2014-08-04 | 2014-08-04 | A kind of gas mercury comprehensively sampling device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201420435744.1U CN204043965U (en) | 2014-08-04 | 2014-08-04 | A kind of gas mercury comprehensively sampling device |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN204043965U true CN204043965U (en) | 2014-12-24 |
Family
ID=52244617
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201420435744.1U Expired - Lifetime CN204043965U (en) | 2014-08-04 | 2014-08-04 | A kind of gas mercury comprehensively sampling device |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN204043965U (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105300744A (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2016-02-03 | 华能国际电力股份有限公司 | System for flue gas NO and mercury of thermal power plant sample simultaneously and detect |
CN105716913A (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2016-06-29 | 枣庄矿业(集团)付村煤业有限公司 | Device for quickly sampling gas in disaster area |
CN107991144A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-05-04 | 宁夏大学 | A kind of coal pyrolysis gas Elemental Mercury sampling system |
CN108088711A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-05-29 | 内蒙古电力(集团)有限责任公司内蒙古电力科学研究院分公司 | Mercury sampling apparatus in a kind of coal steam-electric plant smoke |
CN108414299A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-08-17 | 太原海纳辰科仪器仪表有限公司 | A kind of stationary source exhaust gas sampling apparatus and the method for sampling |
CN109975080A (en) * | 2019-03-11 | 2019-07-05 | 浙江菲达环保科技股份有限公司 | A kind of coal-fired flue-gas Hg, SO3Sample multi-functional sampling apparatus |
CN110514485A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2019-11-29 | 福建省锅炉压力容器检验研究院 | A kind of stationary source mercury in flue gas sampling apparatus |
-
2014
- 2014-08-04 CN CN201420435744.1U patent/CN204043965U/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105300744A (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2016-02-03 | 华能国际电力股份有限公司 | System for flue gas NO and mercury of thermal power plant sample simultaneously and detect |
CN105300744B (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2018-07-31 | 华能国际电力股份有限公司 | System for flue gas NO and mercury of thermal power plant sample simultaneously and detect |
CN105716913A (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2016-06-29 | 枣庄矿业(集团)付村煤业有限公司 | Device for quickly sampling gas in disaster area |
CN107991144A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-05-04 | 宁夏大学 | A kind of coal pyrolysis gas Elemental Mercury sampling system |
CN108088711A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-05-29 | 内蒙古电力(集团)有限责任公司内蒙古电力科学研究院分公司 | Mercury sampling apparatus in a kind of coal steam-electric plant smoke |
CN108414299A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-08-17 | 太原海纳辰科仪器仪表有限公司 | A kind of stationary source exhaust gas sampling apparatus and the method for sampling |
CN109975080A (en) * | 2019-03-11 | 2019-07-05 | 浙江菲达环保科技股份有限公司 | A kind of coal-fired flue-gas Hg, SO3Sample multi-functional sampling apparatus |
CN109975080B (en) * | 2019-03-11 | 2024-07-05 | 浙江菲达环保科技股份有限公司 | Hg and SO in coal-fired flue gas3Multifunctional sampling device for sampling |
CN110514485A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2019-11-29 | 福建省锅炉压力容器检验研究院 | A kind of stationary source mercury in flue gas sampling apparatus |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN204043965U (en) | A kind of gas mercury comprehensively sampling device | |
CN101980013B (en) | System for detecting activity of adsorbent | |
Zhao et al. | Study on the mercury emission and transformation in an ultra-low emission coal-fired power plant | |
CN103293326B (en) | Mercury-containing fumes emission continuous monitoring system and monitoring method thereof | |
CN103149271A (en) | Method for simultaneously measuring heavy metals with different forms in coal-fired flue gas | |
CN102368065B (en) | Device for determining mercury content with different forms in coal-burning flue gas and its application | |
CN203396763U (en) | Performance evaluation device for mercury removal adsorbent | |
Xiao et al. | Removal of elemental mercury from flue gas by recyclable CuCl2 modified magnetospheres catalyst from fly ash: Part 6. Commercial scale demonstration at a 1000MWth coal-fired power plant | |
CN204346807U (en) | A kind of wet method measures the equipment of division aspect mercury content in pollution source | |
CN202676520U (en) | Device for collecting different species of mercury in atmosphere | |
CN105486545A (en) | Sampling gun having filter core for mercury in flue gas | |
CN102879239A (en) | Flue gas pre-treatment type sampling and analysis device and method for escaping ammonia of denitration system of power plant | |
CN104458869A (en) | Online ammonia escape monitoring and analyzing method and online ammonia escape monitoring and analyzing instrument | |
CN103616484B (en) | Monitoring method of persistent organic pollutants in atmospheric particulates based on particulate continuous monitor | |
CN204116274U (en) | The escaping of ammonia on-line monitoring analytical instrument | |
CN207248581U (en) | A kind of sampling system for being used to measure escape ammonia density total in flue gas | |
CN106248595B (en) | System and method for testing bivalent mercury and zero-valent mercury in flue gas of coal-fired power plant | |
Zhang et al. | An investigation of SO3 control routes in ultra-low emission coal-fired power plants | |
Wu et al. | Enhanced mercury control but increased bromine and sulfur trioxides emissions after using bromine injection technology based on full-scale experiment | |
CN103977763B (en) | A kind of preparation method of the high-efficiency adsorbent for gaseous mercury sampling | |
Wu et al. | Evaluation of mercury sorbents in a lab-scale multiphase flow reactor, a pilot-scale slipstream reactor and full-scale power plant | |
Liu et al. | Distribution of mercury in the combustion products from coal-fired power plants in Guizhou, southwest China | |
CN104226300A (en) | SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) catalyst and preparation method thereof | |
CN202814766U (en) | Escape ammonia sampling analyzing device of smoke pretreatment type power plant denitrating system | |
CN103115874B (en) | Method for detecting absorption effect of absorbent by adopting sulfydryl cotton |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
CP03 | Change of name, title or address | ||
CP03 | Change of name, title or address |
Address after: 266000 No. 1 Xueyue Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province Patentee after: Qingdao Zhongrui Intelligent Instrument Co.,Ltd. Address before: 266000 room 703, building 1, No. 58 (Shenghe building), Shangdong tou Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province Patentee before: QINGDAO ZHONGRUI INTELLIGENT INSTRUMENT Co.,Ltd. |
|
CX01 | Expiry of patent term | ||
CX01 | Expiry of patent term |
Granted publication date: 20141224 |