[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/

CN1845780A - 改进的柴油机排气滤清器 - Google Patents

改进的柴油机排气滤清器 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN1845780A
CN1845780A CNA2004800248622A CN200480024862A CN1845780A CN 1845780 A CN1845780 A CN 1845780A CN A2004800248622 A CNA2004800248622 A CN A2004800248622A CN 200480024862 A CN200480024862 A CN 200480024862A CN 1845780 A CN1845780 A CN 1845780A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
porous wall
rigidity porous
exhaust filter
diesel
filter element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CNA2004800248622A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN1845780B (zh
Inventor
C·G·李
R·P·齐巴思
M·C·康奈尔
S·B·斯沃茨米勒
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dow Global Technologies LLC
Original Assignee
Dow Global Technologies LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dow Global Technologies LLC filed Critical Dow Global Technologies LLC
Publication of CN1845780A publication Critical patent/CN1845780A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN1845780B publication Critical patent/CN1845780B/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
    • B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
    • B01J23/42—Platinum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
    • B01D53/9463—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on one brick
    • B01D53/9468—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on one brick in different layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
    • B01J21/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
    • B01J21/04—Alumina
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
    • B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
    • B01J23/46—Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
    • B01J23/464—Rhodium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
    • B01J37/0201—Impregnation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
    • B01J37/0215—Coating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
    • C04B41/51—Metallising, e.g. infiltration of sintered ceramic preforms with molten metal
    • C04B41/5122—Pd or Pt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
    • C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
    • C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
    • C04B41/88—Metals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
    • F01N3/0222—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous the structure being monolithic, e.g. honeycombs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/0231—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using special exhaust apparatus upstream of the filter for producing nitrogen dioxide, e.g. for continuous filter regeneration systems [CRT]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0821—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
    • F01N3/2825—Ceramics
    • F01N3/2828—Ceramic multi-channel monoliths, e.g. honeycombs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
    • B01D2255/1021—Platinum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
    • B01D2255/1023—Palladium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
    • B01D2255/1025—Rhodium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/204—Alkaline earth metals
    • B01D2255/2042—Barium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
    • B01D2255/915—Catalyst supported on particulate filters
    • B01D2255/9155—Wall flow filters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
    • B01D53/9422—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by NOx storage or reduction by cyclic switching between lean and rich exhaust gases (LNT, NSC, NSR)
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/944—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
    • B01D53/945—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific catalyst
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
    • B01J35/56—Foraminous structures having flow-through passages or channels, e.g. grids or three-dimensional monoliths
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00793—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as filters or diaphragms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/06—Ceramic, e.g. monoliths
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2370/00—Selection of materials for exhaust purification
    • F01N2370/02—Selection of materials for exhaust purification used in catalytic reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
    • F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)

Abstract

一种改进的柴油机排气滤清器元件，具有由针状陶瓷(例如针状莫来石)形成的刚性多孔壁部分，该多孔壁部分具有第一侧和第二侧，该多孔壁部分涂覆贵金属催化剂和NOX吸收剂，使得当柴油机排放的废气从第一侧到第二侧流过刚性多孔壁时，排放的废气含有过量的氧气，NOX和烟尘，排放废气中的烟尘被收集在刚性多孔壁中，并被催化氧化成二氧化碳，NO被催化氧化成NO2，然后这些NO2被NOX吸收剂吸收；并且使得当排放的废气含有过量碳氢化合物和一氧化碳时，则NOX吸收剂再生，而剩余碳氢化合物和一氧化碳被催化转化成氮气和二氧化碳。此外，一种在诸如刚性多孔壁的表面上沉积沉淀金属离子的方法。

Description

改进的柴油机排气滤清器
优先权
本申请要求2003年8月29日提交的美国临时申请60/499130的优先权。
技术领域
本发明涉及排气滤清器领域，更具体地，本发明涉及柴油排气滤清器领域。
背景技术
公知地，催化转化器用于控制装有汽油发动机的汽车和卡车的氮氧化合物、碳氢化合物和一氧化碳排放。废气流过球形或蜂窝形的固体材料，该固体材料上涂覆有催化剂。有害气体在催化剂间传播，并被催化转化成无害或有害程度较低的气体，例如水蒸气、氮气，和二氧化碳。这种催化转化器在控制装有柴油机的汽车和卡车的排放时无效，因为柴油机废气比汽油机废气含有更多的烟尘和过量的氧。
已经为柴油机开发了排气滤清器。例如，美国专利US 5,098,455，这里全部结合作为参考，公开了一种包括针状莫来石过滤介质的可再生排气滤清器。使废气流过针状莫来石过滤介质以过滤烟尘颗粒。定期地，将过滤的烟尘颗粒燃烧掉，以再生滤清器。
据Corning报道，已经在烟尘过滤器单元下游采用一个氮氧化合物吸收器单元和柴油氧化单元，以控制柴油机的烟尘、氮氧化合物和碳氢化合物排放(Johnson，T.，Developing Trends-Diesel EmissionControl Update，August 7，2001)。Heck和Farrauto在题为CATALYTIC AIR POLLUTION CONTROL-COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGY，2002年出版，出版号为ISBNO-471-43624-0的教科书中，特别是在该书第8和9章中给出了柴油机排气滤清器的常用处理。
美国专利申请公开US 2001/0032459 A1公开了一种具有刚性多孔壁过滤元件的柴油机废气净化系统，该过滤元件涂覆有贵金属催化剂和氮氧化合物吸收剂的混合物，使得当柴油机排放的废气在正常操作条件下流过刚性多孔壁时，废气中的烟尘被收集在刚性多孔壁中，并被催化氧化成二氧化碳，同时氮氧化合物被催化氧化成NO2，然后这些NO2被氮氧化合物吸收剂吸收。通过使排放的废气含有过量的碳氢化合物和一氧化碳，以便吸收剂通过释放NOX而再生，这些NOX和剩余的碳氢化合物及一氧化碳被催化转化成氮气和二氧化碳，从而专利公开US 2001/0032459 A1中的系统得以再生。
专利公开US 2001/0032459 A1中的系统是现有技术中一个重要的改进，但所采用的多孔壁材料(堇青石)的多孔性小于期望值(需要较大的单元以控制背压)，且根据专利公开US 2001/0032459 A1所制造装置的总成本效率也小于期望值。
发明内容
本发明提供一种具有改进综合性能和成本特性的单一单元，用于控制柴油机排放的烟尘，氮氧化合物，一氧化碳和碳氢化合物。更具体地，本发明是一种改进的柴油机排气滤清器元件，具有一个刚性多孔壁部分，该多孔壁部分具有第一侧和第二侧，该多孔壁部分涂覆贵金属催化剂和NOX吸收剂，使得当柴油机排放的废气从第一侧到第二侧流过刚性多孔壁，排放的废气含有过量的氧气，NOX和烟尘，然后排放废气中的烟尘被收集在刚性多孔壁中，并被催化氧化成二氧化碳，NO被催化氧化成NO2，然后这些NO2被NOX吸收剂吸收；并且使得当排放的废气含有过量碳氢化合物和一氧化碳时，则NOX吸收剂再生，而剩余碳氢化合物和一氧化碳被催化转化成氮气和二氧化碳。改进包括在刚性多孔壁中采用针状陶瓷(例如针状莫来石)。
在一个相关实施例中，本发明是一种改进的柴油机排气滤清器元件，具有一个刚性多孔壁部分，该多孔壁部分具有第一侧和第二侧，使得当柴油机排放的废气从第一侧到第二侧流过刚性多孔壁，排放废气中的烟尘被收集在刚性多孔壁中。改进包括：刚性多孔壁包括三层，第一层靠近刚性多孔壁的第一侧，第一层包括柴油氧化催化剂，第三层靠近刚性多孔壁的第二侧，第三层包括三元催化剂，第二层位于第一层和第三层中间，第二层包括氮氧化和物吸收剂，第二层包括针状陶瓷，例如针状莫来石。
在另一个相关实施例中，本发明是一种改进的柴油机排气滤清器元件，具有一个刚性多孔壁部分，该多孔壁部分具有第一侧和第二侧，使得当柴油机排放的废气从第一侧到第二侧流过刚性多孔壁，排放废气中的烟尘被收集在刚性多孔壁中。改进包括：刚性多孔壁包括两层，第一层靠近刚性多孔壁的第一侧，第一层包括柴油氧化催化剂，第二层位于第一层和刚性多孔壁的第二侧之间，第二层包括氮氧化和物吸收剂和三元催化剂，第二层包括针状陶瓷，例如针状莫来石。
本发明还涉及一种方法，用于在诸如针状陶瓷的刚性多孔壁表面上沉积沉淀金属离子。该方法包括四个步骤。第一步是形成在溶剂中包含金属离子，胶凝剂和沉淀剂的液体溶液，胶凝剂的浓度足以在高温下使液体溶液胶凝，沉淀剂在高温下不稳定，从而沉淀剂分解，以生成至少沉淀了一部分金属离子的产品，从而形成沉淀金属离子。第二步是用液体溶液填充刚性多孔壁的至少一部分孔腔，以形成填充结构。第三步是升高填充结构的温度，以使液体溶液胶凝，并沉淀金属离子。第四步是进一步升高填充结构的温度，以从填充结构中蒸发溶液和胶凝剂，留下沉淀金属离子在刚性多孔壁至少一部分表面上沉积。
附图说明
图1表示根据本发明的柴油机滤清器/催化转化器一端的部分剖面图；
图2表示图1中柴油机滤清器/催化转化器的侧视图，去除了通道的端部，其可选择地可以是堵塞或不堵塞的；
图3更清楚地表示了柴油机排放废气的流动通道和方向；
图4表示了一个由针状莫来石组成的刚性多孔壁结构，其上涂覆了由铂、铑、钯和氧化钡构成的混合物；
图5表示了一个由针状莫来石组成的刚性多孔壁结构，其上涂覆有氧化铝、铂和氧化钡，具有浸渍有铂的上部氧化铝颗粒层，及浸渍有铂和铑的下部氧化铝颗粒层；
图6表示了一个由针状莫来石组成的刚性多孔壁结构，其上涂覆了由氧化钡、铂和铑构成的混合物，并具有浸渍有铂的上部氧化铝颗粒层；而
图7表示了一个由针状莫来石组成的刚性多孔壁结构，其上涂覆有一层氧化铝和氧化钡中间层，一层涂覆有铂的上层，和一层涂覆有铂、铑和钯的下层。
具体实施方式
现在参考图1，表示了一个根据本发明构造的柴油机排气滤清器10。刚性多孔道壁12包括分隔进气道14和排气道16的针状陶瓷。进气道通过用塞子18堵塞其下游端而形成，而排气道通过用塞子20堵塞其上游端而形成。
现在参考图2，表示柴油机滤清器上游端的侧视图。可以看到进气道的上游端22被腔道壁12包围。排气道上游端的塞子20同样也被腔道壁12包围。可以从图2中看出，相邻进气和排气道沿着行和列交替布置。
现在参考图3，具体表示腔道，可以看到气体进入进气道14的上游端22，流过壁12，然后从排气道16的下游端24排出。在本发明的该实施例中，密封腔道端部的塞子决定哪些腔道作为进气道，哪些腔道作为排气道。通过使滤请器上游端的腔道端部保持敞开，同时密封滤请器下游端的腔道端部，从而形成进气道。这样，气体进入腔道的上游端，从而被迫流过腔道周围的壁。同样，通过堵塞滤请器上游端的腔道端部，同时使相同腔道在滤请器下游端保持敞开，从而形成排气道。这样，通过周围壁流入排气道的气体可以自由地流出腔道下游端，同时可以阻止气体从上游端流出。
滤请器10的壁12必须能够收集并保存柴油机排放气体的烟尘颗粒，与此同时允许气体本身没有过大阻力地流过腔道壁。当然，滤清器10对流过的排放气体具有一定的阻力。该阻力，较小程度地是因为排放气体必须通过的狭窄通道的限制作用，但更大程度上是由于气体被迫流过的通道壁12有限的渗透性。排放气体流过滤清器10的这种阻力的结果是从滤清器10的上游端至下游端形成压降。在柴油机的应用场合中，不希望产生这种压降，因为其会造成发动机承受增大的背压，这降低了发动机的效率，并最终会导致发动机停机。在本发明中通过使壁12具有足够大的表面积，及对于排放气体的流动具有充足的渗透性，使这种背压维持在可接受的较低水平。
壁12包括针状陶瓷，例如针状莫来石。多孔介质中孔的平均尺寸以及孔尺寸的分布很重要。如果孔的尺寸过大，则过多的烟尘颗粒会穿过壁12，从而没有收集在壁12中。另一方面，如果多孔介质的孔尺寸过小，则为了获得可接受的背压，壁12所需的面积(从而滤清器10的体积和重量)将相对较大。优选地，多孔介质的多孔性(即，多孔介质中开孔的体积百分比)相对较高，例如，大于50％，从而壁的特定面积使用得更有效率。孔的平均尺寸优选地处于10-20微米之间。
壁12的厚度也是一个需要考虑的因素，壁12(对于壁12的特定区域)越厚，排放气体暴露在催化剂中的时间越长。但是，相对较厚的壁12也会导致相对较高的背压。优选地，壁12的厚度大致处于1/4-10毫米范围内。
壁12多孔介质优选的材料是如美国专利US 5,098,455中公开的熔化伸长莫来石晶体交替网络。这种莫来石可以称为“针状莫来石”。针状莫来石在本发明中特别优选地用作多孔介质，因为针状莫来石可以具有优异的强度，优异的耐热性能，和优异的渗透性能。
应该可以理解，本发明中滤清器的特定几何形状不是绝对的。例如，本发明中的滤清器可以是壳形和管形的装置，其中的管由多孔介质形成。可选择地，  (且没有限制地)本发明中的多孔介质可以是垂直密封在一个容器内的螺旋缠绕片。从而，只要排放气体流过滤清器的刚性多孔壁部分，任何几何形状都可以用在本发明中。
现在参考图4，图中表示了本发明的一个实施例40，其中柴油氧化、NOX吸收和三元催化功能通过在针状莫来石41上涂覆一层单一的覆层42实现。覆层42可以是美国专利公开2001/0032459 A1中说明的任何材料。换句话说，覆层42含有贵金属催化剂(且优选地为贵金属的混合物)，用作柴油氧化催化剂(优选地，铂含量范围为5-150克/28.3升)，NOX吸收剂(优选地，氧化钡含量处于相对高的水平，如，占体积的10％)和三元催化剂(优选地，铂含量范围为0.1-10克/升，铑含量范围为0.02-2克/升，而钯含量范围为0.1-10克/升，以及其它成分，例如氧化铝、活性氧化铝、氧化铈和氧化锆，例如参见美国专利4,965,243和4,714,694)。硫氧化物(SOX)吸收剂也可以用于本发明。例如，图4中表示的系统可以在其内侧涂覆一层含有SOX吸收剂的覆层。
现在参考图5，图中表示了本发明的一个优选实施例50，其中柴油氧化、NOX吸收和三元催化功能通过各自的覆层实现。中间层由涂覆有氧化铝，铂和氧化钡混合物52的针状莫来石51组成，其中氧化钡用作NOX吸收剂。上层由浸渍并涂覆有铂54(或其它合适的贵金属催化剂)的多孔氧化铝颗粒53组成，铂54用作柴油氧化催化剂(优选地，铂含量范围为5-150克/28.3升过滤元件)。下层由浸渍并涂覆有贵金属催化剂混合物56(优选地，混合物中铂含量范围为0.1-10克/升，铑含量范围为0.02-2克/升，而钯含量范围为0.1-10克/升，以及其它成分，例如氧化铝、活性氧化铝、氧化铈和氧化锆，例如参见美国专利4,965,243)的多孔氧化铝颗粒组成。图5中表示的实施例在操作性能和贵金属使用的经济性上都具有较高的效率。
现在参考图6，图中表示了本发明的一个实施例60，其中NO2吸收和三元催化功能通过在针状莫来石61表面上涂覆一层混合覆层62实现，而柴油氧化功能通过在多孔氧化铝颗粒63上浸渍并涂覆一层贵金属催化剂覆层64实现。覆层62包括NOX吸收剂(优选地为氧化铝和氧化钡含量相对较高的混合物，例如占体积的10％)和三元催化剂(优选地，混合物中铂含量范围为0.1-10克/升，铑含量范围为0.02-2克/升，而钯含量范围为0.1-10克/升，以及其它成分，例如活性氧化铝、氧化铈和氧化锆，例如参见美国专利4,965,243)的多孔氧化铝颗粒)。覆层64由贵金属催化剂(优选地，铂含量范围为5-150克/28.3升过滤元件)组成。图6中表示的实施例在操作性能和贵金属使用的经济性上也具有较高的效率。
现在参考图7，图中表示了本发明的另一个优选实施例70，其中柴油氧化、NOX吸收和三元催化功能通过各自的覆层实现。中间层由涂覆有氧化铝、铂和氧化钡混合物73的针状莫来石71组成，其中氧化钡用作NOX吸收剂。上层由针状莫来石71涂覆铂72(或其它合适的贵金属催化剂)而形成，铂72用作柴油氧化催化剂(优选地，铂含量范围为5-150克/28.3升过滤元件)。下层由针状莫来石71涂覆贵金属催化剂混合物74(优选地，混合物中铂含量范围为0.1-10克/升，铑含量范围为0.02-2克/升，而钯含量范围为0.1-10克/升，以及其它成分，例如活性氧化铝、氧化铈和氧化锆，例如参见美国专利4,965,243)而形成。图7中表示的实施例在操作性能和贵金属使用的经济性上都具有较高的效率。
实施例1
一种具有刚性多孔壁部分的柴油机排气滤清器，其中刚性多孔壁部分包括根据美国专利US 5,098,455的公开内容准备的尺寸为2.5厘米×2.5厘米×7.6厘米的针状莫来石。准备液体溶液，其由3.0克8wt％的Methocel A15LV溶液(The DowChemical，Midland，MI，USA)和30.0克26.7wt％的胶体氧化铝悬浮液(Dispal 18N4-80，Sasol North America，Inc.，Housion，TX，USA)组成。13.2克该溶液用在滤清器中，使得柴油机排气滤清器的多孔壁充满该液体。溶液均匀地分布在柴油机排气滤清器中后，将滤清器置于加热炉中在115℃下烘干。然后将柴油机排气滤清器置于加热炉中在500℃下煅烧一个小时。煅烧后，通过将煅烧过的滤清器浸入硝酸铂溶液(Heraeus Metal Processing，Inc.，Santa Fe Springs，CA，USA)中，使0.091克Pt涂覆到煅烧过的滤清器上。在115℃下烘干后，将滤清器浸入80℃的由10.0克水和1.56克硝酸钡形成的溶液中(Aldrich Chemical Co，Milwaukee，WI，USA)，然后在115℃下烘干。将烘干的滤清器在600℃下煅烧一个小时以形成吸收氮氧化物的柴油机排气滤清器。柴油机排气滤清器的进气道通过将滤清器一端的90％浸入由湿式浸渍产生的20.0克1wt％的基于γ-氧化铝的铂(platinum on gamma-alumina)(Catalox Sba-150，Sasol NorthAmerica，Inc.，Houston，TX，USA)，2.0克 Dispal 18N4-80(SasolNorth America，Inc.，Houston，TX，USA)，2.0克8wt％的MethocelA15LV(The Dow Chemical，Midland，MI，USA)和77克水组成的覆层悬浮液中而涂覆，使得只有柴油机排气滤清器多孔壁的进气端涂覆有颗粒，以形成柴油氧化催化层。滤清器在加热炉中115℃下干燥。相似地，柴油机排气滤清器的排气道通过将滤清器相反端的90％浸入由13.33克1.2％的基于γ-氧化铝的铂(Catalox Sba-150，Sasol NorthAmerica，Inc.，Houston，TX，USA)，6.67克0.24wt％的基于共同沉淀CeO2∶ZrO2为2∶1的铑，2.0克Dispal 18N-4(Sasol NorthAmerica，Inc.，Houston，TX，USA)，2.0克8wt％的Methocel A15LV(Dow Chemical，Midland，MI，USA)和77克水组成的覆层悬浮液中而涂覆，使得只有柴油机排气滤清器多孔壁的排气端涂覆有颗粒，以形成三元(three way)催化层。将滤清气烘干后，将柴油机排气滤清器置于加热炉中在600℃下加热一个小时，以形成根据本发明的具有如图5所示多孔壁部分的柴油机排气滤清器实施例。
实施例2
一种具有刚性多孔壁部分的柴油机排气滤清器，其中刚性多孔壁部分包括根据美国专利US 5,098,455的公开内容准备的尺寸为2.5厘米×2.5厘米×7.6厘米的针状莫来石。准备液体溶液，其由3.0克8wt％的Methocel A15LV溶液(The DowChemical，Midland，MI，USA)和30.0克26.7wt％的胶体氧化铝悬浮液(Dispal 18N4-80，Sasol North America，Inc.，Housion，TX，USA)组成。13.2克该溶液用在滤清器中，使得柴油机排气滤清器的多孔壁充满该液体。溶液均匀地分布在柴油机排气滤清器中后，将滤清器置于加热炉中在115℃下烘干。然后将柴油机排气滤清器置于加热炉中在500℃下煅烧一个小时。煅烧后，通过将煅烧过的滤清器浸入硝酸铂溶液(Heraeus Metal Processing，Inc.，Santa Fe Springs，CA，USA)中，使0.091克Pt涂覆到煅烧过的滤清器上。在115℃下烘干后，将滤清器浸入80℃的由10.0克水和1.56克硝酸钡形成的溶液中(Aldrich Chemical Co，Milwaukee，WI，USA)，然后在115℃下烘干。将烘干的滤清器在600℃下煅烧一个小时以形成吸收氮氧化物的柴油机排气滤清器。柴油机排气滤清器的进气道通过将滤清器一端的80％浸入由湿式浸渍产生的20.0克1wt％的基于γ-氧化铝的铂(Catalox Sba-150，Sasol North America，Inc.，Houston，TX，USA)，2.0克Dispal 18N4-80(Sasol North America，Inc.，Houston，TX，USA)，2.0克8wt％的Methocel A15LV(The Dow Chemical，Midland，MI，USA)和77克水组成的覆层悬浮液中而涂覆，使得只有柴油机排气滤清器多孔壁的进气端涂覆有颗粒，以形成柴油氧化催化层。将滤清器在加热炉中115℃下烘干后，将柴油机排气滤清器置于600℃下煅烧一个小时，以形成根据本发明的具有如图6所示多孔壁部分的柴油机排气滤清器实施例。
实施例3
一种具有刚性多孔壁部分的2.5升柴油机排气滤清器，其中刚性多孔壁部分包括根据美国专利US 5,098,455的公开内容准备的针状莫来石。准备液体溶液，其由10克Methocel A15LV(The DowChemical，Midland，MI，USA)，160克胶体氧化铝颗粒(Dispal18N4-80，Sasol North America，Inc.，Housion，TX，USA)，和10克硝酸铂(Heraeus Metal Processing，Inc.，Santa Fe Springs，CA，USA)，1克硝酸铑(Heraeus Metal Processing，Inc.，Santa FeSprings，CA，USA)，50克尿素溶于650克水组成。将柴油排气滤清器浸在液体溶液中，使得柴油机排气滤清器的多孔壁充满该液体。然后将柴油排气滤清器密封在塑料袋中，并在95℃下水浴加热一天，使甲基纤维素胶凝，且使尿素分解成氨和二氧化碳，从而使氧化铝和铑及铂离子沉积在针状莫来石上。然后将柴油机排气滤清器移出塑料袋，并在105℃下加热一天，以去除水。然后将柴油机排气滤清器置于烤箱中在500℃下加热一个小时，以煅烧零件。然后将煅烧过的滤清器浸在100克醋酸钡溶于500克水形成的溶液中，在115℃下烘干，然后在600℃下煅烧一个小时以形成氮氧化物吸收剂和三元催化剂组合覆层。然后将柴油机排气滤清器的进气道用基于平均直径为40微米的氧化铝颗粒的铂覆层悬浮液(50克铂/28.3升滤清器)冲洗，使得柴油机滤清器多孔壁的近气侧涂覆氧化铝颗粒，以形成如图6所示的系统。

Claims (10)

1.一种改进的柴油机排气滤清器元件，具有一个刚性多孔壁部分，该多孔壁部分具有第一侧和第二侧，该多孔壁部分涂覆贵金属催化剂和NOX吸收剂，使得当柴油机排放的废气从第一侧到第二侧流过刚性多孔壁时，排放的废气含有过量的氧气、NOX和烟尘，排放废气中的烟尘被收集在刚性多孔壁中，并被催化氧化成二氧化碳，NO被催化氧化成NO2，然后这些NO2被NOX吸收剂吸收，并且使得当排放的废气含有过量碳氢化合物和一氧化碳时，则NOX吸收剂再生，而剩余碳氢化合物和一氧化碳被催化转化成氮气和二氧化碳，其中改进包括：刚性多孔壁包括针状陶瓷。
2.根据权利要求1所述改进的柴油机排气滤清器元件，其中NOX吸收剂包括钡盐。
3.根据权利要求2所述改进的柴油机排气滤清器元件，其中贵金属催化剂至少包括铂、铑和钯中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述改进的柴油机排气滤清器元件，其中针状陶瓷由针状莫来石组成。
5.根据权利要求3所述改进的柴油机排气滤清器元件，其中针状陶瓷由针状莫来石组成。
6.一种改进的柴油机排气滤清器元件，具有一个刚性多孔壁部分，该多孔壁部分具有第一侧和第二侧，使得当柴油机排放的废气从第一侧到第二侧流过刚性多孔壁时，排放废气中的烟尘被收集在刚性多孔壁中，其中改进包括：刚性多孔壁包括三层，第一层靠近刚性多孔壁的第一侧，第一层包括柴油氧化催化剂，第三层靠近刚性多孔壁的第二侧，第三层包括三元催化剂，第二层位于第一层和第三层中间，第二层包括氮氧化物吸收剂，第二层包括针状陶瓷。
7.根据权利要求6所述改进的柴油机排气滤清器元件，其中针状陶瓷是针状莫来石，柴油氧化剂由铂组成，其中氮氧化物吸收剂由钡盐组成，且其中三元催化剂由铂、铑和钯中的一种或多种组成。
8.一种改进的柴油机排气滤清器元件，具有一个刚性多孔壁部分，该多孔壁部分具有第一侧和第二侧，使得当柴油机排放的废气从第一侧到第二侧流过刚性多孔壁时，排放废气中的烟尘被收集在刚性多孔壁中，其中改进包括：刚性多孔壁包括两层，第一层靠近刚性多孔壁的第一侧，第一层包括柴油氧化催化剂，第二层位于第一层和刚性多孔壁的第二侧之间，第二层包括氮氧化物吸收剂和三元催化剂，第二层包括针状陶瓷。
9.根据权利要求8所述改进的柴油机排气滤清器元件，其中第一层包括铂，且其中第二层包括钡盐，和铂、铑和钯中的至少一种，且其中针状陶瓷是针状莫来石。
10.一种用于在诸如针状陶瓷的刚性多孔壁表面上沉积沉淀金属离子的方法，包括下列步骤：(a)形成在溶剂中包含金属离子、胶凝剂和沉淀剂的液体溶液，胶凝剂的浓度足以在高温下使液体溶液胶凝，沉淀剂在高温下不稳定，从而沉淀剂分解，以生成至少沉淀了一部分金属离子的产品，从而形成沉淀金属离子；(b)用在溶剂中包含金属离子、胶凝剂和沉淀剂的液体溶液填充刚性多孔壁的至少一部分孔腔，以形成填充结构；(c)升高填充结构的温度，以使在溶剂中包含金属离子、胶凝剂和沉淀剂的液体溶液胶凝，并沉淀金属离子；(d)进一步升高填充结构的温度，以从填充结构中蒸发溶液和胶凝剂，留下沉淀金属离子在刚性多孔壁至少一部分表面上沉积。
CN2004800248622A 2003-08-29 2004-08-27 改进的柴油机排气滤清器 Expired - Fee Related CN1845780B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US49913003P 2003-08-29 2003-08-29
US60/499,130 2003-08-29
PCT/US2004/027852 WO2005021138A2 (en) 2003-08-29 2004-08-27 Improved diesel exhaust filter

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1845780A true CN1845780A (zh) 2006-10-11
CN1845780B CN1845780B (zh) 2010-06-16

Family

ID=34272779

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN2004800248622A Expired - Fee Related CN1845780B (zh) 2003-08-29 2004-08-27 改进的柴油机排气滤清器

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US8661794B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP1677896B1 (zh)
JP (2) JP2007503983A (zh)
KR (2) KR101117039B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1845780B (zh)
BR (1) BRPI0412966A (zh)
CA (2) CA2533697C (zh)
PL (1) PL1677896T3 (zh)
RU (1) RU2350379C2 (zh)
WO (1) WO2005021138A2 (zh)
ZA (1) ZA200600757B (zh)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102413904A (zh) * 2009-05-18 2012-04-11 尤米科尔股份公司及两合公司 具有改进的水热耐久性的高Pd 含量柴油氧化催化剂
CN103806987A (zh) * 2012-11-12 2014-05-21 万国引擎知识产权有限责任公司 具有三元催化涂层的柴油颗粒过滤器
CN104204433A (zh) * 2012-03-30 2014-12-10 丰田自动车株式会社 颗粒过滤器
CN106050372A (zh) * 2016-07-15 2016-10-26 上汽通用汽车有限公司 一种车用集成颗粒物捕集的三元催化器
CN107405606A (zh) * 2015-02-09 2017-11-28 巴斯夫公司 柴油机氧化催化剂

Families Citing this family (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007112482A1 (en) * 2006-03-31 2007-10-11 Shairzal Safety Engineering Pty Ltd Passive apparatus and method for filtering noxious gases
WO2008011146A1 (en) 2006-07-21 2008-01-24 Dow Global Technologies Inc. Improved zone catalyzed soot filter
CN101563143B (zh) * 2006-12-21 2012-07-18 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 改进的煤烟过滤器
WO2008090991A1 (ja) 2007-01-26 2008-07-31 Cataler Corporation 排ガス浄化用触媒
KR101569221B1 (ko) * 2007-10-12 2015-11-20 다우 글로벌 테크놀로지스 엘엘씨 개선된 내열충격성 그을음 필터
PL2318673T3 (pl) 2008-02-05 2020-03-31 Basf Corporation Układy obróbki emisji w silniku benzynowym mające wychwytywacze cząstek stałych
JP2009285604A (ja) * 2008-05-30 2009-12-10 Toyota Motor Corp 排ガス浄化用触媒
EP2138681B1 (de) 2008-06-27 2019-03-27 Umicore AG & Co. KG Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Reinigung von Dieselabgasen
JP2012509764A (ja) * 2008-11-26 2012-04-26 コーニング インコーポレイテッド 被覆された微粒子フィルタおよび方法
US8512657B2 (en) 2009-02-26 2013-08-20 Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company Method and system using a filter for treating exhaust gas having particulate matter
GB0903262D0 (en) * 2009-02-26 2009-04-08 Johnson Matthey Plc Filter
RU2548997C2 (ru) * 2009-12-24 2015-04-20 Джонсон Мэтти Плс Выхлопная система двигателя внутреннего сгорания с принудительным воспламенением топлива транспортного средства
US8815189B2 (en) 2010-04-19 2014-08-26 Basf Corporation Gasoline engine emissions treatment systems having particulate filters
JP5789126B2 (ja) * 2011-05-25 2015-10-07 ジョンソン、マッセイ、パブリック、リミテッド、カンパニーＪｏｈｎｓｏｎ Ｍａｔｔｈｅｙ Ｐｕｂｌｉｃｌｉｍｉｔｅｄ Ｃｏｍｐａｎｙ 排ガス酸化触媒
CN103796756B (zh) * 2011-07-13 2016-11-16 赫多特普索化工设备公司 涂覆催化颗粒过滤器以及颗粒过滤器的方法
JP6130830B2 (ja) * 2011-07-13 2017-05-17 ハルドール・トプサー・アクチエゼルスカベット 触媒微粒子フィルター及び微粒子フィルターの製造方法
US20130167513A1 (en) * 2011-11-11 2013-07-04 International Engine Intellectual Property Company, Llc Diesel Particulate Fllter Having Three Way Catalyst Coating
TWM454528U (zh) * 2013-02-05 2013-06-01 綠晶能源股份有限公司 石墨之製造設備
US20140255261A1 (en) * 2013-03-07 2014-09-11 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Cellular substrate for a catalytic convertor
CN106285840A (zh) * 2015-05-28 2017-01-04 杨琦 一种金属丝球过滤器
EP3141648B1 (en) * 2015-09-08 2018-07-18 3M Innovative Properties Company Mounting member for wrapping and mounting a pollution control element
KR101814459B1 (ko) * 2016-08-16 2018-01-04 희성촉매 주식회사 알킬 방향족 화합물 제조용 고형 촉매 캐리어로서 필터 구조체
KR102453620B1 (ko) * 2020-04-17 2022-10-12 광주과학기술원 항균성을 갖는 미세먼지 집진 필터 구조체, 및 그 제조방법

Family Cites Families (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1119180A (en) 1966-04-01 1968-07-10 Morganite Res & Dev Ltd Forming deposits within porous material
DE3232729A1 (de) * 1982-09-03 1984-03-08 Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Verfahren zur herabsetzung der zuendtemperatur von aus dem abgas von dieselmotoren herausgefiltertem dieselruss
US4533647A (en) 1983-10-27 1985-08-06 The Board Of Regents Acting For And On Behalf Of The University Of Michigan Ceramic compositions
US4714694A (en) 1986-06-30 1987-12-22 Engelhard Corporation Aluminum-stabilized ceria catalyst compositions, and methods of making the same
JP2537239B2 (ja) 1987-08-28 1996-09-25 エヌ・イーケムキヤツト 株式会社 耐熱性に優れた内燃機関排気ガス浄化用触媒及びその製造方法
DE3940758A1 (de) * 1989-12-09 1991-06-13 Degussa Verfahren zur reinigung der abgase von dieselmotoren
US5098455A (en) * 1990-12-21 1992-03-24 The Dow Chemical Company Regenerable exhaust gas filter element for diesel engines
CA2097292A1 (en) * 1990-12-21 1992-06-22 Peter A. Doty Preparation and use of mullite whisker networks
US5198007A (en) * 1991-12-05 1993-03-30 The Dow Chemical Company Filter including a porous discriminating layer on a fused single crystal acicular ceramic support, and method for making the same
DE69624884T2 (de) 1995-08-22 2003-09-11 Denki Kagaku Kogyo K.K., Tokio/Tokyo Wabenkörper
JP3387290B2 (ja) * 1995-10-02 2003-03-17 トヨタ自動車株式会社 排ガス浄化用フィルター
US5987882A (en) 1996-04-19 1999-11-23 Engelhard Corporation System for reduction of harmful exhaust emissions from diesel engines
AU3054597A (en) 1996-04-19 1997-11-12 Engelhard Corporation System for reduction of harmful exhaust emissions from diesel engines
JP3645704B2 (ja) * 1997-03-04 2005-05-11 トヨタ自動車株式会社 内燃機関の排気浄化装置
US6306335B1 (en) 1999-08-27 2001-10-23 The Dow Chemical Company Mullite bodies and methods of forming mullite bodies
US6546721B2 (en) 2000-04-18 2003-04-15 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust gas purification device
JP3565135B2 (ja) * 2000-05-10 2004-09-15 トヨタ自動車株式会社 内燃機関の排気浄化装置
RU2164442C1 (ru) * 2000-08-03 2001-03-27 ИВАНОВ Аркадий Александрович Способ очистки отработавших газов и способ получения блочного носителя или фильтра организованной структуры для катализатора
JP2002188435A (ja) * 2000-10-12 2002-07-05 Toyota Motor Corp 排ガス浄化フィルタ
RU2186621C1 (ru) * 2001-04-18 2002-08-10 Закрытое акционерное общество "Катализаторная компания" Катализатор для очистки отходящих газов с избытком кислорода от оксидов азота, способ его получения и способ очистки отходящих газов
AU2002256336A1 (en) * 2001-04-23 2002-11-05 Dow Global Technologies Inc. Method of making wall-flow monolith filter
JP4423818B2 (ja) * 2001-06-19 2010-03-03 いすゞ自動車株式会社 排気ガス浄化装置
US6912847B2 (en) * 2001-12-21 2005-07-05 Engelhard Corporation Diesel engine system comprising a soot filter and low temperature NOx trap
JP2003221286A (ja) * 2002-01-31 2003-08-05 Toyota Motor Corp ハニカム構造体の製造方法
ATE497488T1 (de) * 2002-03-25 2011-02-15 Dow Global Technologies Inc Mullitkörper und verfahren zur herstellung von mullitkörpern
US7189375B2 (en) * 2002-09-16 2007-03-13 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Exhaust treatment device
US8119075B2 (en) * 2005-11-10 2012-02-21 Basf Corporation Diesel particulate filters having ultra-thin catalyzed oxidation coatings

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102413904A (zh) * 2009-05-18 2012-04-11 尤米科尔股份公司及两合公司 具有改进的水热耐久性的高Pd 含量柴油氧化催化剂
CN102413904B (zh) * 2009-05-18 2016-02-24 尤米科尔股份公司及两合公司 具有改进的水热耐久性的高Pd含量柴油氧化催化剂
CN104204433A (zh) * 2012-03-30 2014-12-10 丰田自动车株式会社 颗粒过滤器
CN103806987A (zh) * 2012-11-12 2014-05-21 万国引擎知识产权有限责任公司 具有三元催化涂层的柴油颗粒过滤器
CN107405606A (zh) * 2015-02-09 2017-11-28 巴斯夫公司 柴油机氧化催化剂
CN107405606B (zh) * 2015-02-09 2021-09-10 巴斯夫公司 柴油机氧化催化剂
CN106050372A (zh) * 2016-07-15 2016-10-26 上汽通用汽车有限公司 一种车用集成颗粒物捕集的三元催化器

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1845780B (zh) 2010-06-16
KR20060083450A (ko) 2006-07-20
CA2533697C (en) 2013-02-12
ZA200600757B (en) 2007-05-30
EP1677896B1 (en) 2013-04-17
WO2005021138A3 (en) 2005-05-19
CA2794531A1 (en) 2005-03-10
WO2005021138A2 (en) 2005-03-10
JP2007503983A (ja) 2007-03-01
BRPI0412966A (pt) 2006-09-26
RU2006110029A (ru) 2006-08-10
KR101141875B1 (ko) 2012-05-08
US8661794B2 (en) 2014-03-04
KR20110091818A (ko) 2011-08-12
JP2014079755A (ja) 2014-05-08
PL1677896T3 (pl) 2013-08-30
KR101117039B1 (ko) 2012-03-15
JP5782085B2 (ja) 2015-09-24
CA2533697A1 (en) 2005-03-10
US20060193757A1 (en) 2006-08-31
RU2350379C2 (ru) 2009-03-27
EP1677896A2 (en) 2006-07-12

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN1845780A (zh) 改进的柴油机排气滤清器
JP4651039B2 (ja) 触媒装置およびリーン条件下で運転される内燃機関の排ガスを浄化する方法
RU2392456C2 (ru) Способ и устройство для очистки выхлопного газа
JP2022188023A (ja) 膜を有する触媒ウォールフロー型フィルター
JP3900421B2 (ja) ウォールフロー型ディーゼル排ガス浄化用フィルタ型触媒およびディーゼル排ガス浄化用装置
EP1710009A1 (en) Catalyst for purification of diesel exhaust gas
MX2011000059A (es) Catalizador abdsborbedor de nox con desempeño superior a baja temperatura.
WO2009087998A1 (ja) 排ガス浄化用触媒
JP2007130624A (ja) 排ガス浄化フィルタ
KR102484742B1 (ko) 차량 내장식 수소 생성 및 배기 스트림에서의 용도
CN101300072A (zh) 排气净化装置
JPH07116519A (ja) 排ガス浄化材および排ガス浄化方法
JP2002001124A (ja) 排気ガス浄化用触媒および排気ガス浄化方法
KR20210149185A (ko) 촉매화된 가솔린 미립자 필터
JP4006645B2 (ja) 排ガス浄化装置
JP2005248726A (ja) 排ガス浄化用フィルタ触媒
JP3874246B2 (ja) ディーゼル排ガス浄化用フィルタ型触媒
JP2006159020A (ja) 排ガス浄化フィルタ及び排ガス浄化触媒
CN1623635A (zh) 用于净化废气的催化剂
KR101933917B1 (ko) Dpf의 채널 내부 표면 상 촉매 코팅방법
JP3316879B2 (ja) ディーゼルエンジン用排ガス浄化触媒
JP3433885B2 (ja) ディーゼル排ガス浄化用触媒
JP6365340B2 (ja) 排ガス浄化触媒
CN118632737A (zh) 用于主要以化学计量方式运行的内燃机、包含用于减少氨排放的催化剂的废气系统
CN116917023A (zh) 用于汽油发动机废气的颗粒过滤器

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
C14 Grant of patent or utility model
GR01 Patent grant
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee

Granted publication date: 20100616