CN1691965B - 控释用医药组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
控释用医药组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1691965B CN1691965B CN2003801006908A CN200380100690A CN1691965B CN 1691965 B CN1691965 B CN 1691965B CN 2003801006908 A CN2003801006908 A CN 2003801006908A CN 200380100690 A CN200380100690 A CN 200380100690A CN 1691965 B CN1691965 B CN 1691965B
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- granulate
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- ethylene oxide
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Abstract
本发明涉及整粒物、含有该整粒物而形成的控释用医药组合物及其制备方法,该整粒物含有药物、分子量200万以上的聚环氧乙烷以及聚环氧乙烷的整粒剂(具有适度的可塑性和结合力的物质),至少上述特定的整粒剂均匀分散于上述聚环氧乙烷中而形成整粒物。本发明的特定的聚环氧乙烷的整粒剂均匀分散而形成具有适于压片的粉体特性的聚环氧乙烷粉粒体,通过使用该粉粒体,可提供含量均一性良好的控释用医药组合物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及含有药物、分子量200万以上的聚环氧乙烷及特定的上述聚环氧乙烷的整粒剂,且上述药物和上述特定的整粒剂均匀分散于上述聚环氧乙烷而形成的控释用医药组合物。本发明还涉及该控释用医药组合物以及含有该粉粒体而形成的控释制剂的制造方法。
背景技术
缓释制剂是通过随着给药次数的减少而提高顺应性或减少血中浓度的变动幅度(峰/谷),以防止副作用,期待稳定的治疗效果为目的而开发的制剂类型,近年已开发了种种制剂。本发明者创制各种缓释制剂,其中有亲水性基质(以下有时也称凝胶化促进剂(gelation enhancer))和水凝胶形成性聚合物形成的水凝胶缓释制剂,由于其组成成分简单、容易制备,且这种缓释制剂不仅在包括胃和小肠的消化管上部,即使在包括结肠的消化管下部,药物也可释放,换句话说,可利用整个消化管作为吸收部位,因此作为人体药物吸收的个体差异较少的制剂的实用性高,极为有用(如参照专利文献1:国际公开第94/06414号小册子)。
上述缓释制剂的发明的发明者提出将各种高分子物质作为水凝胶形成性聚合物,其中聚环氧乙烷可使制剂具有特别好的缓释性,因此选择聚环氧乙烷作为水凝胶形成性聚合物的第一候补。然而,聚环氧乙烷是环氧乙烷聚合得到的分子量达数十万至数百万的白色粉末或颗粒状的水溶性热塑性树脂,而分子量200万以上的聚环氧乙烷在湿润时具有强粘附性,因此将水添加到聚环氧乙烷或者在湿度高的环境下处理聚环氧乙烷时,聚环氧乙烷显示非常高的粘性,所以在粉碎、造粒或压片等各工序中,特别是造粒工序中可以说是难于处理的物质。因此,在使用聚环氧乙烷的缓释制剂中,特别是在含有聚环氧乙烷作控释基质的基质(matrix)型控释制剂中,在含有高含量的高粘度聚环氧乙烷的场合,以前提出了例如单独或与水混合使用二氯甲烷、四氯化碳等含氯溶剂,或甲醇、乙醇、丙醇等醇类溶剂的湿式造粒法和直接压片法或干式造粒法等方法(如参照专利文献1:国际公开第94/06414号小册子、专利文献2:国际公开第01/10466号小册子、专利文献3:美国专利第5273758号说明书)。
对于含分子量10万的聚环氧乙烷的片剂原料,也有用羟丙甲纤维素水溶液喷雾造粒的制剂化方法(专利文献4:美国专利第4662880号说明书、专利文献5:美国专利第4810502号说明书(对应日本专利申请公开-特开平7-215869号公报)。关于湿式造粒的条件的说明未达到从业人员可能实施的程度,而分子量200万以上的聚环氧乙烷的粘度在2000mPa·s以上(毫帕秒:2%W/V水溶液、25℃),与分子量10万的聚环氧乙烷的粘度30~50mPa·s(5%W/V水溶液、25℃)相比,其粘性程度急剧提高,所以采用同样的湿式造粒法时,造粒会进行过度或制成拖丝的粉体而形成流动性差的粉粒体等,一般认为不能制造适于压片的粉体。
而且,在制造含有低剂量药物的控释制剂时,并不是说其制造必须使每一制剂单位中均匀含有活性成分,但在直接压片法和干式造粒法中,存在药物会飞散,药物含量会下降,或者药物含量均一性低下,而且造粒/粉碎工序反复进行会降低生产效率等问题。
此外,采用有机溶剂的湿式造粒方法中,存在造成环境污染、制造时的安全性(爆炸等危险)、制造设备投资(防爆装置、有机溶剂使用及回收设备)等各种问题(如参照专利文献3)。
专利文献1:
国际公开第94/06414号小册子
专利文献2:
国际公开第01/10466号小册子
专利文献3:
美国专利第5273758号说明书
专利文献4:
美国专利第4662880号说明书
专利文献5:
美国专利第4810502号说明书(对应日本专利申请公开:特开平7-215869号公报)
因此,目前希望提供适合于含有分子量200万以上的聚环氧乙烷的药物含量均一性良好的控释用医药组合物的制备时的压片的粉体,含有该粉体的控释用医药组合物,以及该粉体或者含有该粉体的控释用医药组合物的制造方法。
发明的揭示
本发明者了解到,使用聚环氧乙烷粒子通过水系制造控释用粉体时,采用使用了以往的粘合剂的湿式造粒方法的场合,问题较多,很难实际进行制备。即,例如使用PVP等具粘合力但缺乏可塑性的粘合剂的场合,造粒会进行过度,形成比容高而流动性差的粉粒体,如使用山梨糖醇等具有造粒作用和粘合力但喷雾干燥时会拖丝的糖类、或使用聚山梨酸酯等具可塑性但缺乏粘合力的表面活性剂的场合,存在形成粒度小的粉体(粒子解离成更微细的粒子的状态),成为飞散性高的粉体,导致压片发生障碍等各种问题,不能制造适于压片的粉体。
本发明者了解到,将作为上述水凝胶形成性缓释制剂的组成成分的用作凝胶化促进剂(亲水性基质)的聚乙二醇(以下也称PEG)的一部分加入到药物悬浮液中,对聚环氧乙烷喷雾该悬浮液,具有高粘性的聚环氧乙烷不显示拖丝的形状,并可进一步整粒形成显示适于压片的特性(比容等)的粉体。本发明者发现,更使人惊奇的是,尽管用低剂量药物的悬浮液喷雾,但由该喷雾干燥物制成的控释制剂是含量均一性优良的制剂。
本发明者针对聚环氧乙烷进行深入探讨的结果是,发现取固体状态的PEG与具高粘性的聚环氧乙烷一起置流化床中,对其喷雾药物水溶液后,和上述采用的方法同样,可制得显示适于压片的特性的聚环氧乙烷整粒物,而且将该整粒物压片所得的控释制剂显示优良的含量均一性。
而且,本发明者还发现,即使使用特定粘度级别的羟丙甲纤维素(以下有时简称HPMC)和羟丙纤维素(以下有时简称HPC)或甲基纤维素(以下有时简称MC),与PEG同样,也可形成显示适于压片的聚环氧乙烷特性的粉粒体,而且将该聚环氧乙烷粉粒体压片所得的控释制剂显示优良的含量均一性。
其机制虽未详细阐明,但因为聚环氧乙烷制品本身是作为微小粒子集合体的粉末,所以用水可解体形成小粒子,或者反过来明显促进造粒,据推测通过选择、使用具有适度的可塑性和粘合力的特定物质,可使聚环氧乙烷粒子相互间再结合成显示适于压片的特性的聚环氧乙烷粉粒体而被整粒。以下,有时将本发明的聚环氧乙烷粉粒体称为聚环氧乙烷整粒物,或简称为整粒物。
本发明是根据上述一系列发现而完成的,本发明提供了
1.控释用医药组合物,该组合物含有整粒物,该整粒物含有(a)药物、(b)粘度平均分子量200万以上的聚环氧乙烷及(c)即(b)聚环氧乙烷的整粒剂,上述三种成分中至少(c)整粒剂均匀分散于(b)聚环氧乙烷。
2.上述1所述的控释用医药组合物,(c)即(b)聚环氧乙烷的整粒剂为选自常温下是固体的聚乙二醇、2~15mPa·s(2%W/V)的羟丙甲纤维素、2~10mPa·s(2%W/V)的羟丙甲纤维素及2~15mPa·s(2%W/V)的甲基纤维素的1种或2种以上。
3.上述1所述的控释用医药组合物,(c)即(b)聚环氧乙烷的整粒剂的量相对于(b)聚环氧乙烷为0.5~60重量%。
4.上述1所述的控释用医药组合物,选择聚乙二醇作为(c)即(b)聚环氧乙烷的整粒剂时,它在每制剂单位中的含量为0.5~60重量%。
5.上述1所述的控释用医药组合物,每制剂单位中的(b)聚环氧乙烷的量为10~95重量%。
6.上述1所述的控释用医药组合物,每制剂单位中的(b)聚环氧乙烷的配比量为70mg以上。
7.上述1所述的控释用医药组合物,(b)聚环氧乙烷的粘度平均分子量为500万以上。
8.上述1所述的控释用医药组合物,还含有亲水性基质。
9.上述8所述的控释用医药组合物,溶解1g亲水性基质时必需的水量在5ml以下(20±5℃)。
10.上述9所述的控释用医药组合物,亲水性基质为聚乙二醇、蔗糖或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。
11.上述8所述的控释用医药组合物,亲水性基质在每制剂单位中的量为5~80重量%。
12.上述1或8所述的控释用医药组合物,还含有黄色三氧化二铁及/或红色三氧化二铁。
13.上述12所述的控释用医药组合物,黄色三氧化二铁及/或红色三氧化二铁的量相对于聚环氧乙烷为0.3~20重量%。
14.上述1所述的控释用医药组合物,每制剂单位中的药物的量为85重量%以下。
15.上述14所述的控释用医药组合物,每制剂单位中的药物的量为10重量%以下。
16.上述1~15任一项所述的控释用医药组合物,药物为盐酸坦洛新(tamsulosin hydrochloride)。
17.上述1所述的控释用医药组合物,实质上不含有机溶剂。
18.控释用医药组合物用含聚环氧乙烷的整粒物,该整粒物含有(b)粘度平均分子量200万以上的聚环氧乙烷及(c)即(b)聚环氧乙烷的整粒剂,至少(c)整粒剂均一分散于(b)聚环氧乙烷而形成。
19.上述18所述的整粒物,(c)即(b)聚环氧乙烷的整粒剂为选自常温下是固体的聚乙二醇、2~15mPa·s(2%W/V的羟丙甲纤维素、2~10mPa·s(2%W/V)的羟丙甲纤维素及2~15mPa·s(2%W/V)的甲基纤维素的1种或2种以上。
20.上述18所述的整粒物,(c)整粒剂的量相对于(b)聚环氧乙烷为0.5~60重量%。
21.上述18所述的整粒物,选择聚乙二醇作为(c)即(b)聚环氧乙烷的整粒剂时,它在每制剂单位中的含量为0.5~60重量%。
22.上述18所述的整粒物,每制剂单位中的(b)聚环氧乙烷的量为10~95重量%。
23.上述18所述的整粒物,每制剂单位中的(b)聚环氧乙烷的配比量为70mg以上。
24.上述18所述的整粒物,(b)聚环氧乙烷的粘度平均分子量为500万以上。
25.上述18所述的整粒物,还含有亲水性基质。
26.上述25所述的整粒物,溶解1g亲水性基质时必需的水量在5ml以下(20±5℃)。
27.上述26所述的整粒物,亲水性基质为聚乙二醇、蔗糖或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。
28.上述25所述的整粒物,每制剂单位中的亲水性基质的量为5~80重量%。
29.上述18~25中任一项所述的整粒物,还含有黄色三氧化二铁及/或红色三氧化二铁。
30.上述29所述的整粒物,黄色三氧化二铁及/或红色三氧化二铁的量相对于聚环氧乙烷为0.3~20重量%。
31.上述18所述的整粒物,还含有药物而形成。
32.上述18或31所述的整粒物,每制剂单位中的药物的量为85重量%以下。
33.上述32所述的整粒物,每制剂单位中的药物的量为10重量%以下。
34.上述18~33中任一项所述的整粒物,药物为盐酸坦洛新。
35.上述18所述的整粒物,实质上不含有机溶剂。
36.上述18~35中任一项所述的整粒物作为控释用医药组合物的基质的使用。
此外,国际公开第92/10169号小册子(对应日本专利第32393 19号公报)中记载了口服缓释给药制剂的制造法,其中形成凝胶的成分是具有各种级别的粘度的羟丙甲纤维素(HPMC),湿润颗粒化使用了含有20~50%的选自颗粒化工序中抑制HPMC凝胶化、给人等哺乳动物口服时可形成凝胶的多元醇和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的1种以上的溶质的水溶液,以亲水性基质凝胶成分作为基质。作为HPMC的颗粒化方法,该文献中记载了采用了造粒的湿润颗粒化方法,以便造粒后的颗粒可以粉碎。然而,本申请的发明不是涉及湿润颗粒化法的技术,而是揭示了使拖丝性高、因水的喷雾而解体的聚环氧乙烷的微小粒子再结合的整粒化方法。
本说明书中的“整粒“与本技术领域的从业人员通常说的”造粒“这种单元操作不同,也与经筛分操作等提取一定粒径的部分的工序不同。
本说明书中的“造粒“是指为改善微粉的附着性和飞散性而使粒子相互结合而制得流动性良好的造粒物的一系列单元操作。特别是以低剂量药物制造含量均一性良好的制剂时,将药物单独粉碎或与一部分添加剂混合粉碎,通过粒子的微粉化确保含量均一性,其后通常用流化床造粒机进行造粒操作。因此”造粒“是促进粒子的成长,制造粒径大、且比容大的粉体。
与此相对,“整粒(sizing)”是指通过对本发明所用的高粘度聚环氧乙烷(也简称PEO)粉末(市售品)用水喷雾,制造显示特定粒度和特定比容的粉粒体(整粒物)的一系列单元操作。具体来讲,“聚环氧乙烷整粒物(也简称PEO整粒物)”包含例如对本发明所用的PE0粉末(市售品)以水喷雾时,其一部分及至全部解体成微小粒子,干燥后形成无定形结合的粉粒体,对应于此,通过本发明所用的聚环氧乙烷的整粒剂,抑制PEO粉末解体成微小粒子及/或干燥时再结合成球状而整粒形成的显示特定粒度和特定比容的粉粒体等。即本说明书中的“整粒”不是使PEO粒子生长,而是意味着使以水喷雾而解体的PEO微小粒子在干燥时再结合,形成适于压片的粒度和比容的粉体的一系列单元操作。
本说明书中,“粒度”用意味着粉体的累积50%平均粒径的平均粒径(μm)以及75μm以下的微粉量(%)表示。比容用单位重量粉体的容积(mL/g)表示。
本说明书中的“实质上不含有机溶剂”或“实质上不使用有机溶剂”除了完全只使用水作溶剂的意思之外,也意味着在制药学允许的范围内残留及/或使用或者在环境要求的范围内残留及/或使用有机溶剂。因此并不排除在该范围内,在制药学允许的范围或不超出环境要求值的范围内含有有机溶剂的情况。
以下详述本发明的控释用医药组合物和整粒物。
本发明所用的药物,只要是对治疗或预防有效的活性成分即可,没有特别限制。这类药物可例举吲哚美辛、双氯芬酸、双氯芬酸钠、可待因、布洛芬、保泰松、羟布宗、mepyrizole、阿司匹林、乙水杨胺、对乙酰氨基酚、氨基比林、非那西汀、溴化丁基东莨菪碱、吗啡、依托多林(ethomidrin)、喷他佐辛、非诺洛芬碱、萘普生、塞来考昔、伐地考昔、曲马多等消炎、解热、解痉或镇痛药,依托度酸等抗风湿药,异烟肼、盐酸乙胺丁醇等抗结核药,硝酸异山梨酯、硝酸甘油、硝苯地平、盐酸巴尼地平、盐酸尼卡地平、双嘧达莫、氨力农、盐酸茚诺洛尔、盐酸肼屈嗪、甲基多巴、呋塞米、螺内酯、硝酸胍乙啶、利血平、盐酸氨磺洛尔、赖诺普利、美托洛尔、毛果芸香碱、替米沙坦(talsaltan)等循环系统用药,盐酸氯丙嗪、盐酸阿米替林、奈莫必利、氟哌啶醇、盐酸莫哌隆、奋乃静、地西泮、劳拉西泮、氯氮、阿地唑仑、阿普唑仑、哌甲酯、米那普仑、帕罗西汀、利培酮、丙戊酸钠等抗精神病药,甲氧氯普胺、盐酸雷莫司琼、盐酸格拉司琼、盐酸昂丹司琼、盐酸阿扎司琼等止吐药,马来酸氯苯那敏、盐酸苯海拉明等抗组胺药,硝酸维生素B1、醋酸维生素E、赛可硫胺、磷酸吡哆醛、腺苷钴胺、维生素C、烟酰胺等维生素类药,别嘌醇、秋水仙素、丙磺舒等抗痛风药,左旋多巴、司来吉兰等抗帕金森病药,异戊巴比妥、溴戊酰脲、咪达唑仑、水合氯醛等催眠镇静药,氟尿嘧啶、卡莫氟、盐酸阿克拉霉素、环磷酰胺、噻替哌等抗恶性肿瘤药,伪麻黄碱、特非那定等抗变态反应药,苯丙醇胺、麻黄碱类等抗淤血药,醋酸己脲、胰岛素、甲苯磺丁脲、去氨加压素、格列吡嗪等抗糖尿病药,氢氯噻嗪、泊利噻嗪、氨苯蝶啶等利尿药,氨茶碱、富马酸福莫特罗、茶碱等支气管扩张药,磷酸可待因、那可丁、磷酸二甲啡烷、古美沙芬等止咳药,硝酸奎尼丁、洋地黄毒苷、盐酸普罗帕酮、普鲁卡因胺等抗心律失常药,氨基苯甲酸乙酯、利多卡因、盐酸辛可卡因等表面麻醉药,苯妥因、乙琥胺、扑米酮等抗癫痛药,氢化可的松、泼尼松龙、曲安西龙、倍他米松等合成肾上腺皮质激素,法莫替丁、盐酸雷尼替丁、西米替丁、硫糖铝、舒必利、替普瑞酮、普劳诺托、5-氨基水杨酸、柳氮磺吡啶、奥美拉唑、兰索拉唑等消化系统药物,茚洛秦、艾地苯醌、盐酸硫必利、盐酸二苯美伦、高泛酸钙等中枢神经系统药物,普伐地汀钠、辛伐他汀、洛伐他汀、阿托伐他汀等降血脂药,盐酸酞氨西林、头孢替坦、交沙霉素等抗生素,坦洛新、甲磺酸多沙唑嗪、盐酸特拉唑嗪等良性前列腺肥大治疗药,普仑司特、扎鲁司特、沙丁胺醇、氨溴索、布地奈德、左旋沙丁胺醇等平喘药,贝前列素钠等前列腺素I衍生物的外周循环改善药,抗血栓药,降压药,心力衰竭治疗药,糖尿病的各种并发症的治疗药,消化性溃疡治疗药,皮肤溃疡治疗药,高脂血症治疗药,平喘药等。药物不管是游离体还是制药学允许的盐都可使用。可单独使用1种药物或组合使用2种以上的药物。将只要极微量的剂量对治疗或预防就有效的药物活性成分或者低剂量即有效但难溶于水的药物用于本发明时,可更进一步获得本发明所期望的效果。在上述药物示例中,特别理想的是坦洛新。
坦洛新的化学名为(R)(-)-5[2-[[2-(o-乙氧基苯氧基)乙基]氨基]丙基]-2-甲氧基苯磺酰胺,由以下的结构式表示。该化合物及其制药学允许的盐最早由日本专利特开昭56-110665号揭示。
已知坦洛新或其盐具有肾上腺素α1A受体阻断作用,特别是其盐酸盐(盐酸坦洛新)对尿道及前列腺部的α1受体具有阻断作用,可使尿道内压曲线的前列腺部压力降低,广泛用作前列腺肥大症所伴的排尿障碍的改善药。此外,确认盐酸坦洛新对下尿路疾病的治疗在临床上有效,临床上是极有用的药物。
坦洛新及其制药学允许的盐易于根据日本专利特开昭56-110665号公报及日本专利特开昭62-114952号公报所述的制法或参照该制法制得。
坦洛新可与多种无机及有机酸或者碱形成制药学允许的酸或碱加成盐。这样的盐也构成本发明的一部分。例如可例举与盐酸、硫酸、磷酸等无机酸形成的盐,与富马酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸、琥珀酸等有机酸形成的盐,与钠、钾等碱金属形成的盐,与钙、镁等碱土金属形成的盐等。本发明中最好的是盐酸盐。这些盐可按常法制造。
药物的配比量通常可根据药物的种类或医药用途(适应症)适当选择、适当使用,只要是治疗或预防的有效量即可,没有特别限制。本发明中特别理想的是以极微量即有效的药物(低剂量药物)可更好地获得本发明预期的效果,但高剂量有效的药物(高剂量药物)预期也容易实现含量均一性,因此对药物的配比量没有特别限制。该配比量如果以下述水凝胶缓释制剂例示,较好是制剂整体的85重量%以下,更好是80重量%以下,再好是50重量%以下,最好是10重量%以下。药物是盐酸坦洛新时,在1重量%以下。坦洛新或其制药学允许的盐的剂量可根据给药途经、疾病症状、给药对象年龄、性别等不同情况适当决定。盐酸坦洛新口服时,通常成人的有效成分约为0.1mg~1.6mg/日,每日口服1次。
作为本发明所用的聚环氧乙烷(以下也称PEO),只要能作为控释基质控制含PEO的控释用医药组合物中的药物的释放即可,对其没有特别限制。这种PEO可例举(粘度平均分子量:700万,粘度:7500~10000mPa·s(毫帕秒:1%W/V水溶液,25℃)),Coagulant(粘度平均分子量:500万,粘度:5500-7500mPa·s(1%W/V水溶液,25℃)),WSR-301(粘度平均分子量:400万,粘度:1650-5500mPa·s(1%W/V水溶液,25℃)),N-60K(粘度平均分子量:200万,粘度:2000-4000mPa·s(2%W/V水溶液,25℃))(均为Dow Chemical公司制),(粘度平均分子量:200万~250万,粘度:40~70mPa·s(0.5%W/V水溶液,25℃)),(粘度平均分子量:250万~300万,粘度:90~110mPa·s(0.5%W/V水溶液,25℃)),(粘度平均分子量:300万~350万,粘度:130~140mPa·s(0.5%W/V水溶液,25℃)),(粘度平均分子量:360万~400万,粘度:150~160mPa·s(0.5%W/V水溶液,25℃)),(粘度平均分子量:400万~500万,粘度:200~240mPa·s(0.5%W/V水溶液,25℃))(均为明成化学工业公司制),PEO-8(粘度平均分子量:170万~220万,粘度:20~70mPa·s(0.5%W/V水溶液,25℃)),PEO-15(粘度平均分子量:330万~380万,粘度:130~250mPa·s(0.5%W/V水溶液,25℃)),PEO-18(粘度平均分子量:430万~480万,粘度:250~480mPa·s(0.5%W/V水溶液,25℃))(均为住友精化公司制)等。其中较好的是凝胶化时的粘度高或者粘度平均分子量大的PEO。这种PEO较好是例如2%水溶液(25℃)时的粘度在2000mPa·s以上的PEO,或粘度平均分子量为200万以上、1000万以下的PEO。更好的是粘度平均分子量在400万以上、1000万以下的PEO,再好的是粘度平均分子量在500万以上、1000万以上的PEO,最好是粘度平均分子量在700万以上的PEO(例如,商品名POLYOX WSR-303)。PEO可单独使用1种也可组合使用分子量、级别等不同的2种以上。
聚环氧乙烷的配比量只要是一般能控制药物从水凝胶缓释制剂中释放的量即可,没有特别限制,较好是相对于制剂整体为10~95重量%,更好是相对于制剂整体为15~90重量%。而且,PEO的添加量较好是每一制剂单位在70mg以上,更好是100mg以上,最好是150mg以上。药物采用盐酸坦洛新的场合,PEO的配比量较好是100mg~300mg,更好是150mg~250mg,最好是200mg,其中用粘度平均分子量700万的PEO(例如,商品名POLYOX WSR-303)以其配比量制得的缓释制剂(片剂)能显著发挥控释制剂的效果。
作为用于本发明的聚环氧乙烷的整粒剂,只要通过水系可将高粘度的PEO形成为适合于压片的粉粒体即可,对其没有特别限制。这样的整粒剂是具有适度的可塑性合及粘合作用的物质。作为这种整粒剂,可例举固体状的聚乙二醇(以下称PEG)、任一低粘度级别的羟丙甲纤维素(以下称HPMC)、羟丙纤维素(以下称HPC)或甲基纤维素(以下称MC)等。这样的整粒剂可溶解及/或悬浮于水而使用。由于喷雾的水可溶解一部分水溶性高的固体状态的PEG而显示上述作用,所以PEG即使以固体状态添加也可以作为本发明的PEO整粒剂使用。
作为PEG,较好是常温下为固态的PEG(PEG4000、PEG6000、PEG8000)。具体可例举Macrogol 4000(日本药局方,分子量2600~3800,商品名:Macrogol4000/三洋化成工业、日本油脂、Lion公司等)、Macrogol 6000(日本药局方,分子量7300~9300,商品名:Macrogol 6000/三洋化成工业、日本油脂、Lion公司等)、Macrogol 20000(日本药局方,分子量15000~25000,商品名:Macrogol20000/三洋化成工业、日本油脂、Lion公司等)、聚乙二醇8000(USP/NF,分子量7000~9000,商品名:Polyethylene glycol 8000/Dow Chemical等)等。作为HPMC,较好的是低粘度级别(粘度2~15mPa·s、2%W/V水溶液,20℃)的HPMC。具体可例举商品名TC-5E(粘度3mPa·s,2%W/V水溶液,20℃,信越化学工业),商品名TC-5R(粘度6mPa·s,2%W/V水溶液,20℃,信越化学工业),商品名TC-5S(粘度15mPa·s,2%W/V水溶液,20℃,信越化学工业)或商品名Methocel E3(粘度3mPa·s,2%W/V水溶液,20℃,Dow Chemical),商品名Methocel E5(粘度5mPa·s,2%W/V水溶液,20℃,Dow Chemical),商品名Methocel E15(粘度15mPa·s,2%W/V水溶液,20℃,Dow Chemical)等。作为HPC,较好的是低粘度级别(粘度2~10mPa·s,2%W/V水溶液,20℃)的HPC。具体可例举商品名HPC-SSL(粘度3.0~5.9mPa·s,2%W/V水溶液,20℃,日本曹达)、商品名HPC-SL(粘度2.0~2.9mPa·s,2%W/V水溶液,20℃,日本曹达)、商品名HPC-L(粘度6.0~10.0mPa·s,2%W/V水溶液,20℃,日本曹达)等。作为MC,较好的是低粘度级别(粘度2~15mPa·s,2%W/V水溶液,20℃)的MC。具体可例举商品名Methocel A15-LV(粘度15mPa·s,2%W/V水溶液,20℃,Dow Chemical公司)、Methocel SM4(粘度4mPa·s,2%W/V水溶液,20℃,信越化学工业)或Methocel SM15(粘度15mPa·s,2%W/V水溶液,20℃,信越化学工业)等。
作为聚环氧乙烷的整粒剂,更好的是PEG及/或HPMC,最好的是以粉末状态添加的成为本发明的整粒剂的PEG。本发明的整粒剂可使用1种或组合使用2种以上。作为使用形态,可例举物理混合后喷雾含水或粘合剂的水溶液的方法,或者作为含整粒剂的水溶液喷雾的方法等。
聚环氧乙烷的整粒剂的使用量,只要是可通过水系对PEO进行整粒的量即可,没有特别限制,通常每制剂单位为0.5~60重量%。将作为本发明的整粒剂的PEG配成水溶液喷雾的场合,较好为每制剂单位0.5~3重量%,更好为1~2重量%。PEG以外的物质作为本发明的整粒剂以水溶液喷雾的场合,较好是每制剂单位0.5~3重量%,更好是1~2重量%。PEG作为固体整粒剂使用的场合,较好为5~60重量%,更好是10~30重量%。
PEG以外的物质作为整粒剂以水溶液使用时的量比作为通常的粘合剂的使用量(3~5重量%)少。在少于0.5重量%的场合,不能进行所希望的整粒,微粉变多或者药物含量均一性下降,并有形成流动性差的粉体等问题。比3重量%多时,造粒进行过度,结果导致粉体流动性下降,且粉体变得过大,必须在干燥后再度粉碎等,其结果是担心留下药物含量均一性的问题。
作为本发明的控释用医药组合物,只要是可控制药物释放的医药组合物即可,特别是只要是制剂就没有特别限制。这样的控释用医药组合物(特别是控释用制剂)例如有国际公开第94/06414号小册子记载的水凝胶缓释制剂。上述水凝胶缓释制剂由作为基本构成成分的药物、显示特定溶解性的凝胶化促进剂(亲水性基质)和特定重量分子量的PEO组成。作为控释制剂使用PEO时,按国际公开第01/10466号小册子的记载,可添加黄色三氧化二铁及/或红色三氧化二铁作为PEO的稳定剂。任一种制剂,其药物释放机制均按照国际公开第94/06414号小册子的记载。即,控释制剂是在滞留于消化道上部时吸收水分,几乎完全凝胶化(70%以上,较好为80%以上),在制剂表面受浸蚀的同时向消化道下部转移,再因浸蚀而持续释放药物,所以即使在水分少的结肠,也能进行良好且持续的药物释放·吸收。控释用医药组合物或者水凝胶缓释制剂中还可根据需要含有医药赋形剂。
本发明的控释用医药组合物中的还含有亲水性基质的医药组合物,其中用作为本发明的亲水性基质(凝胶化促进剂)的物质只要是用于本发明的PEO凝胶化之前可以溶解的物质即可,对其没有特别限制。这种亲水性基质较好是溶解1g该基质所必需的水量在5ml以下(20±5℃)的基质,更好在4ml以下(同温度)。这类亲水性基质可例举聚乙二醇(如Macrogol 400、Macrogol 1500、Macrogol4000、Macrogol 6000、Macrogol 2000(均为日本油脂公司制)),聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(如(BASF公司制))等水溶性高分子,D-山梨糖醇、木糖醇等糖醇,蔗糖、麦芽糖、乳果糖、D-果糖、葡聚糖(如葡聚糖40)、葡萄糖等糖类,聚氧乙烯硬化蓖麻油(如(BASF公司制))、HCO-40、HCO-60(日光Chemicals公司制)、聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯二醇(如(旭电化公司制)等)或聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇高级脂肪酸酯(如Tween 80(关东化学公司制)等表面活性剂,氯化钠、氯化镁等盐类,柠檬酸、酒石酸等有机酸,甘氨酸、β-丙氨酸、盐酸赖氨酸等氨基酸类,甲基葡糖胺等氨基糖类等。较好的是聚乙二醇、蔗糖、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,更好的是聚乙二醇(特别是Macrogol 6000、Macrogol8000)。用于本发明的亲水性基质可以单独或者2种以上组合使用。
亲水性基质(凝胶化促进剂)的配比量,较好的是对应于制剂整体为5~80重量%,更好的是对应于制剂整体为5~60重量%。在凝胶化促进剂兼作本发明所述的整粒剂的场合,凝胶化促进剂的配比量以合计量计算。
本发明的控释用医药组合物中,作为PEO的稳定剂,较好的是掺合黄色三氧化二铁及/或红色三氧化二铁(参照USPSN 09/629405(对应国际公开第01/10466号小册子))。该稳定剂的量,在基质中物理混合时,较好是制剂总量的1~20重量%,更好是3~15重量%。例如,红色三氧化二铁较好为制剂总量的5~20重量%,更好是10~15重量%。黄色三氧化二铁较好为1~20重量%,更好是3~10重量%。通过膜包衣掺合时,对应于片剂重量较好为0.3~2%,更好为0.5~1.5%。此时,黄色三氧化二铁或红色三氧化二铁在膜中的浓度较好是5~50%,更好是10~20%。这里说的“在基质中物理混合”是指例如将药物、聚环氧乙烷和上述三氧化二铁均匀分散,将药物和上述三氧化二铁均匀分散在作为控释制剂的主要基质的PEO中的手段。“膜包衣”是指例如将上述三氧化二铁溶解或悬浮于羟丙甲纤维素等水溶性高分子的溶液,以薄膜将另行调制的片剂包衣。本发明的黄色三氧化二铁及/或红色三氧化二铁在通常的制剂中均可存在。例如,可例举膜包衣等的膜中、造粒等的造粒物中或基质中(如聚环氧乙烷的近傍)等。
本发明的控释用医药组合物中还可适当使用各种医药赋形剂以形成制剂。这类医药赋形剂只要是制药学和药理学允许的赋形剂即可,对其没有特别限制。例如可使用粘合剂、崩解剂、酸味料、发泡剂、人工甜味剂、香料、润滑剂、着色剂、稳定剂、缓冲剂、抗氧化剂等。例如作为粘合剂,可例举羟丙甲纤维素、羟丙纤维素、聚乙烯醇、甲基纤维素、阿拉伯胶等。作为崩解剂,可例举玉米淀粉、淀粉、羧甲醚纤维素钙、羧甲醚纤维素钠、低取代羟丙纤维素等。作为酸味料,可例举柠檬酸、酒石酸、苹果酸等。作为发泡剂,可例举碳酸氢钠等。作为人工甜味剂,可例举糖精钠、甘草甜素二钾、阿司帕坦、stevia和somatin等。作为香料,可例举柠檬、酸陈皮、橙、薄荷醇等。作为润滑剂,可例举硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钙、蔗糖脂肪酸酯、聚乙二醇、滑石粉、硬脂酸等。作为着色剂,可例举黄色三氧化二铁、红色三氧化二铁、食用黄色4号、5号、食用红色3号、102号、食用蓝色3号等。特别在掺合了盐酸坦洛新的控释制剂中使用黄色三氧化二铁和红色三氧化二铁时,确认对盐酸坦洛新有显著的光稳定化作用,这些着色剂也作为光稳定化剂而显现效果。着色剂的量通常是极微量(极微量~0.1重量%)的,作为稳定剂添加时,只要是通常作为光稳定化剂可发挥稳定作用的量即可,对其没有特别限制,通常是0.1~2重量%,较好是0.5~1重量%。作为缓冲剂,可例举柠檬酸、琥珀酸、富马酸、酒石酸、抗坏血酸或其盐类,谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、甘氨酸、天冬氨酸、丙氨酸、精氨酸或其盐类,氧化镁、氧化锌、氢氧化镁、磷酸、硼酸或其盐类等。作为抗氧化剂,可例举抗坏血酸、二丁基羟基甲苯、没食子酸丙酯等。作为医药赋形剂,可适量添加1种或组合添加2种以上。
以下对本发明的控释用医药组合物以及整粒物的制造方法作详细说明。
本发明的控释用医药组合物的制造工序实质上由以下工序组成。
(1)成分的粉碎、混合工序,
(2)PEO整粒剂的悬浮及/或溶解工序(整粒剂溶液的调制工序),
(3)对分子量200万以上的高粘度PEO喷雾上述(2)的工序中调制出的整粒剂溶液的整粒、干燥工序(PEO整粒物(粉粒体)的调制工序),
(4)将上述(3)的工序中得到的PEO整粒物与制药学允许的医药赋形剂均匀混合的工序,
(5)成形工序。
(1)成分的粉碎、混合工序
该工序只要采用通常制药学允许的粉碎方法即可,对装置、手段均无特别限制。与粉碎连续的各成分的混合工序只要采用通常制药学允许的可均匀混合各成分的方法即可,对装置、手段均无特别限制。
作为粉碎装置,可例举锤磨机、球磨机、喷射粉碎机、胶体粉碎机等。粉碎条件只要适当选择即可,没有特别限制。例如在采用锤磨机的场合,筛的孔径通常为0.5~5mm,较好是0.8~2mm。粉体供应速度通常为50~500g/min,较好是100~200g/min。混合装置可例举V型混合机、螺条混合机、密闭式混合机、高速搅拌混合机等。混合条件可适当选择,但无特别限制。例如采用20L容积的密闭式混合机的场合,通常转速为10~40rpm,较好为20~30rpm。作为各成分的混合前处理,例如最好用42目(孔径355μm)等的筛子对各成分预先进行分级。
(2)PEO整粒剂的悬浮及/或溶解工序(整粒剂溶液的调制工序)
该工序只要采用可使整粒剂均匀溶解及/或悬浮的方法即可,对装置、手段均无特别限制。
作为悬浮(溶解)装置,可例举磁力搅拌器、浆叶搅拌器等。整粒剂溶液的调制条件可适当选择,没有特别限制。整粒剂溶液的浓度只要是流化床造粒时可喷雾的整粒剂浓度即可,没有特别限制。该浓度通常是1~50%W/W,较好是2~30%W/W。PEG是1~50%W/W,较好是5~30%W/W。HPMC是1~20%W/W,较好是2~10%W/W。HPC是1~20%W/W,较好是2~10%W/W。MC是1~20%W/W,较好是2~10%W/W。
(3)对分子量200万以上的高粘度的PEO喷雾上述(2)的工序中调制出的整粒剂溶液的整粒、干燥工序(PEO整粒物(粉粒体)的调制工序)
该工序只要是可用PEO整粒剂的水溶液对高粘度的PEO进行湿式整粒的方法即可,对装置、手段均无特别限制。
喷雾装置(方法)可例举高速搅拌造粒法、破碎(粉碎)造粒法、流化床造粒法、挤出造粒法、旋转造粒法、喷雾造粒法或这些方法所使用的装置等。较好的是流化床造粒法及其装置,更好的是可使低剂量药物和亲水性基质均匀掺合在高粘度PEO中的容易转动的流化床造粒法及其装置。
作为整粒装置,可例举流化床造粒机(如流涂机(flow coater)、Freund产业公司制,GPCG、Glatt公司制)、具备带光滑的接粉部的水平旋转圆盘的造粒包衣装置(如离心流动造粒装置(如CF造粒机、Freund产业公司制)、带通气部且在流化床下部设有表面光滑的旋转圆盘的造粒包衣装置(如旋转流化床(spiralflow)或带有转子容器(rotor container)的流涂机,均为Freund产业公司制)等。
整粒时的水量,只要可使整粒剂(最好还有药物)均匀溶解及/或悬浮(分散)即可,没有特别限制。PEG以固态使用的场合,只要是可对PEO进行整粒的量即可,没有特别限制。
以液态使用时,相对于PEO通常在10重量%以下,较好在8重量%以下,更好在5重量%以下。作为整粒时水的添加方法,只要通常粉状凝集块或未处理状态的粉末不会形成不均匀物即可,没有特别限制。可例举连续添加的连续喷雾法,在造粒工序中途设干燥工序、甚至还设振动工序的间歇喷雾法等。
整粒时水的添加速度,只要是通常的粉状凝集块和未处理状态的粉末不会形成不均匀物的速度即可,没有特别限制。例如采用流化床造粒的场合,通常相对于PEO为0.1~1重量%/min,较好是0.2~0.8重量%/min,更好是0.4~0.6重量%/min。
整粒时粉体的温度,只要是不引起PEO的热变性的温度即可,没有特别限制。例如20℃~PEO熔点(62~67℃)以下,较好是20~50℃,更好是20~35℃,最好是25~30℃。
干燥工序只要采用可使整粒物干燥的方法即可,对装置、手段均无特别限制。干燥装置,可例举流化床造粒机(如流涂机(flow coater)、Freund产业公司制,GPCG、Glatt公司制)、具备带光滑的接粉部的水平旋转圆盘的造粒包衣装置(如离心流动造粒装置(如CF造粒机、Freund产业公司制)、带通气部且在流化床下部设有表面光滑的旋转圆盘的造粒包衣装置(如旋转流化床(spiral flow)或带有转子容器(rotor container)的流涂机,均为Freund产业公司制)等。干燥条件只要是通常使整粒品在流化床内干燥的条件即可,没有特别限制。例如设定干燥吸气温度为50℃进行干燥直至整粒物的温度为40℃,这样整粒物的干燥基本就完成了。干燥方法也可采用通风干燥法、减压干燥法。
以上得到的粉粒体(整粒物)可用以下方法进行评价。
“平均粒径”:
指累积50%平均粒径。平均粒径例如可用自动粒度分布测定装置(商品名:Robot Sifter,Seishin企业制)等测定。通常约为50~500μm,较好约为60~300μm,更好为80~200μm。
“微粉量”:
指75μm以下的粒子量。粒度例如可用自动粒度分布测定装置(商品名:Robot Sifter,Seishin企业制)等测定。该评价标准,较好是75μm以下的粒子量在20%以下,更好是在15%以下。
“比容”:
采用粉体特性测定器(Powder Tester PT-D,Hosokawa Micron公司制),将所测试样置于20目筛上之后,经振动使其通过漏斗,连续自然降落至内容积100ml的接收器中。将停留在接收器上的试样用平金属板刮去后,称量装有试样的接收器的质量,算出比容。较好是1.5~3.5mL/g,更好是2.0~3.0mL/g。
“休止角”:
采用粉体特性测定器(Powder Tester PT-D,Hosokawa Micron公司制),通过振动使所测试样下落至圆盘状的测定台,继续振动直至试样从测定台周围开始溢出,形成圆锥状的堆积,用分度器读取其倾斜角。作为该评价标准,较好是45°以下,更好是42°以下。
“流动性”(压缩度):
采用粉体特性测定器(Powder Tester PT-D,Hosokawa Micron公司制),将所测试样置于20目筛上后,经振动使其通过漏斗连续地自然下降至内容积100ml的接收器中。用平金属板将停留在接收器上的试样刮去后,称量装有试样的接收器的质量,算出最小视密度(minimum apparent density)。然后,安装上部容器,加入过量的粉体,并用振动器振荡,再取下上部容器,用平金属板将停留在接收器上的试样刮去后,称量装有试样的接收器的质量,测定振动密度(tappedapparent density)。用下式由最小视密度和振动密度算出粉体的压缩度。较好在15%以下,更好在10%以下。
压缩度(%)=(T-M)/T×100
T:振动密度
M:最小视密度
(4)将上述(3)的工序得到的PEO整粒物与制药学允许的医药赋形剂均匀混合的工序
该工序只要采用可将上述(3)的工序得到的PEO整粒物与制药学允许的医药赋形剂均匀混合的方法即可,对装置、手段均无特别限制。例如可例举选自(1)溶解及/或悬浮于喷雾液的工序、(2)粉粒体的调制工序及(3)与制药学允许的医药赋形剂均匀混合的工序中的1个或2个工序进行混合的方法。
(5)成形工序
该工序只要采用可制造通常制药学中的压缩成型物(较好是片剂)的方法即可,对装置、手段均无特别限制。
压片装置可例举旋转式压片机(如HT P-22,铁工所制)、单冲压片机(如KM-2,冈田精工制)等。压片条件,例如转盘的转数为20~30rpm,压片压力为200~600kgf/冲头。
医药组合物(制剂)可例举整粒物本身,或用公知的方法制得的片剂、细粒剂、颗粒剂,或将整粒物填充于如明胶硬胶囊而形成的胶囊剂等。作为本发明的控释用医药组合物或其医药制剂的制造方法,只要是适当组合上述方法或公知的方法制造所希望的医药制剂的方法即可,没有特别限制。
实施发明的最佳方式
以下例举比较例、实施例和试验例,对本发明作更详细的说明,但本发明并不仅限于此。
另外,本发明实施例也包括不含药物的实施例,该实施例意味着本发明制剂中仅采用了剂量极小的药物,即几乎不影响本发明制剂中的PEO整粒体特性的极微量的药物量(对疾病治疗或预防有效的极微量)。
[实施例1]
用磁力搅拌器进行搅拌使4份Macrogol 6000溶解于36份水中,调制出喷雾液(浓度10%W/V)。然后,将PEO(WSR-303、Dow Chemical)400份加入流化床造粒机(FLOW COATER,Freund公司制),以吸气温度30℃、喷雾速度5g/min、喷雾/干燥/振荡的循环20秒/30/秒10秒的条件,喷雾上述喷雾液,进行整粒。造粒后,以吸气温度40℃将此整粒物干燥30分钟,得本发明的整粒物。
[实施例2]
使用Macrogol 60002份、水38份,按实施例1所述方法,得本发明的整粒物。
[实施例3]
将粘合剂PEG改成HPMC(6mPa·s),按与实施例1相同的制造方法,得本发明的整粒物。
[参考例1、比较例1~4]
将PEO市售品(未整粒粉体的特性:参考例)的粉体特性作为参考例1。
将水(比较例1)、PVP(比较例2)、山梨糖醇(比较例3)或吐温80(比较例4)作为整粒剂,按与实施例1同样的方法,得本发明的比较例的整粒物。表1所示为该整粒物的特性值。
表1
<结果与考察>
探讨PEO以水系整粒时各种整粒剂的影响。
以电子显微镜观察PEO市售品,发现约10μm的微细粒子发生凝集,形成约50~200μm的凝集粒子。测定粉体特性,得比容2.3ml/g、75μm以下的微粉约21%、作为流动性指标的压缩度为11.4%。
对PEO完全不使用整粒剂而仅用水喷雾、整粒时,进行造粒后,75μm以下的微粉减少至约3%。但体积大(比容3.4ml/g),压缩度达20.2%,流动性也差。从电子显微镜照片观察到微细粒子以散开未聚集的状态结合的粒子(电子显微镜照片未附)。
使用PVP作整粒剂时,与仅用水时相比粒子生长(进行造粒),其结果是,75μm以下的微粉量约0%,比容3.2ml/g,压缩度15.2%,流动性也差。从电子显微镜照片观察到散开的粒子以未聚集的状态形成较大的造粒物(电子显微镜照片未附)。
用山梨糖醇、聚山梨酸酯水溶液,将75μm以下的微粉量分别增加到38%、27%。从电子显微镜照片观察到散开状态的微粒(电子显微镜照片未附)。
用PEG、HPMC的水溶液,平均粒径不变大,而75μm以下的微粉量分别为13%、15%,造粒形成适当大小的微粉。压缩度分别为7.7%、10.6%,流动性比原来的PEO粒子进一步改善。从电子显微镜照片观察到微粒减少,形成约100~200μm的表面光滑的粒子(电子显微镜照片未附)。
<评价>
通常,造粒是指为避免压片时附着冲头、飞散的问题,促进粒子生长、减少微粉的一系列单元操作。
使用山梨糖醇、聚山梨酸酯作为PEO整粒剂的场合,由于微粉量变多,这些物质都是不适当的。
使用山梨糖醇、聚山梨酸酯作为PEO整粒剂的场合,由于这些物质可塑性高,粘合力小,因此用水溶液喷雾时散开的PEO粒子在干燥时不聚集,不能整粒。
使用PVP作为PEO整粒剂的场合,用PVP使微粉量减少,但形成比容高、流动性差的粉体,由于存在与上述同样的压片障碍以及重量均一性的问题,所以也不理想。
使用PVP作为PEO整粒剂的场合,由于可塑性低、粘合力高,所以微细的PEO粒子以散开的状态干燥,进行造粒时形成更大的粒子。
使用PEG和HPMC作为PEO整粒剂的场合,微粉量减少,且得到流动性良好的整粒物。
使用PEG和HPMC作为PEO整粒剂的场合,由于具有适度的可塑性和粘合力,因此认为可使散开的微细PEO粒子再结合,并使之以流动性良好的表面光滑的状态干燥。
[实施例4]
将Macrogol 60004.8份用磁力搅拌器搅拌溶解于水14.4份中。在磁力搅拌器搅拌下,使预先以锤磨机(Sample Mill AP-S、用1mm筛、Hosokawa Micron公司制)粉碎的盐酸坦洛新0.8份悬浮(部分溶解)于该溶液,调制出喷雾液。然后,将Macrogol 600075.2份、PEO(Dow Chemical)400份加入流化床造粒机(FLOW COATER,Freund公司制),以吸气温度25℃、喷雾速度5g/min、喷雾/干燥的循环20秒/40秒的条件,喷雾上述喷雾液进行整粒。整粒后,以吸气温度40℃将此整粒物干燥30分钟,得本发明的整粒物。该整粒物平均粒径94μm、比容2.27ml/g、休止角39°。整粒物中药物含量97.3%、标准偏差1.2%,药物的混合均一性良好。在此干燥的整粒物480.8份中添加硬脂酸镁2.4份混合后,用旋转式压片机(HT P-22,铁工所制)、以9mmφ的冲头、压片压力400kgf/冲头、片剂重量241.6mg将此混合物压片,得本发明的控释制剂(片剂)。所得片剂的重量的标准偏差为0.2%,偏差小。
[实施例5]
将Macrogol 60004.8份用磁力搅拌器搅拌溶解于水14.2份中。在磁力搅拌器搅拌下,使预先以锤磨机(Sample Mill AP-S、用1mm筛、Hosokawa Micron公司制)粉碎的盐酸坦洛新1.0份悬浮(部分溶解)于该溶液,调制出喷雾液。然后,将Macrogol 600070.2份、PEO(Dow Chemical)375份加入流化床造粒机(FLOW COATER,Freund公司制),以吸气温度25℃、喷雾速度5g/min、喷雾/干燥的循环20秒/40秒的条件,喷雾上述喷雾液进行整粒。整粒后,以吸气温度40℃将此整粒物干燥30分钟,得本发明的整粒物。该整粒物平均粒径93μm、比容2.22ml/g、休止角39°。整粒物中药物含量97.7%,标准偏差0.7%,药物的混合均一性良好。在此干燥的整粒物451份中添加硬脂酸镁2.25份混合后,用旋转式压片机(HT P-22、铁工所制)、以7.5mmφ的冲头、压片压力400kgf/冲头、片剂重量181.3mg将此混合物压片,得本发明的控释制剂(片剂)。所得片剂的重量的标准偏差为0.4%,偏差小。
[实施例6]
将Macrogol 60003.84份用磁力搅拌器搅拌溶解于水9.76份中。在磁力搅拌器搅拌下,使预先以锤磨机(Sample Mill AP-S、用1mm筛、Hosokawa Micron公司制)粉碎的盐酸坦洛新2.4份悬浮于该溶液,调制出喷雾液。然后,将Macrogol 600076.16份、PEO(Dow Chemical)400份加入流化床造粒机(FLOW COATER,Freund公司制),以吸气温度25℃、喷雾速度5g/min、喷雾/干燥的循环20秒/40秒的条件,喷雾上述喷雾液进行整粒。整粒后,以吸气温度40℃将此整粒物干燥30分钟,得本发明的整粒物。该整粒物平均粒径100μm、比容2.38ml/g、休止角38°。在此干燥的整粒物482.4份中添加硬脂酸镁2.4份混合后,用旋转式压片机(HT P-22、铁工所制)、以9mmφ的冲头、压片压力400kgf/冲头、片剂重量242.4mg将此混合物压片,得本发明的控释制剂(片剂)。所得片剂的重量的标准偏差为0.6%,偏差小,含量均一性的标准偏差为1.0%,也良好。
[实施例7]
将Macrogol 60004.8份用磁力搅拌器搅拌溶解于水14.4份中。在磁力搅拌器搅拌下,使预先以锤磨机(Sample Mill AP-S、用1mm筛、Hosokawa Micron公司制)粉碎的盐酸坦洛新0.8份悬浮于该溶液,调制出喷雾液。然后,将Macrogol 600075.2份、PEO(Dow Chemical)400份加入流化床造粒机(FLOW COATER,Freund公司制),以吸气温度30℃、喷雾速度5g/min、喷雾/干燥的循环20秒/40秒的条件,喷雾上述喷雾液进行整粒。整粒后,以吸气温度40℃将此整粒物干燥30分钟,得本发明的整粒物。该整粒物平均粒径106μm、比容2.33ml/g、休止角36°。在此干燥的整粒物480.8份中添加硬脂酸镁2.4份混合后,用旋转式压片机(HT P-22、铁工所制)、以9mmφ的冲头、压片压力400kgf/冲头、片剂重量241.6mg将此混合物压片。所得片剂的重量的标准偏差为0.5%,偏差小。再将片剂用羟丙甲纤维素(TC-5R、信越化学公司制)5.04份、Macrogol 60000.95份、黄色三氧化二铁1.26份溶解/分散所得的溶液以通气式包衣机(Hi-Coater HCT-30、Freund产业公司制)喷雾包衣,其条件是吸气温度60℃、机器转速13rpm、包衣液供应速度5g/min,直到包衣成分为片剂重量的3%为止,得本发明的控释制剂(膜包衣片)。用显微镜观察所得的膜包衣片,可见色素分布均匀,表面光滑,未见PEO凝胶化。
[实施例8]
将盐酸坦洛新1.2份溶解于水148.8份中,调制出喷雾液。然后,将Macrogol600060份、PEO(Dow Chemical)300份加入流化床造粒机(FLOW COATER,Freund公司制),以吸气温度30℃、喷雾速度5g/min、喷雾/干燥的循环20秒/40秒的条件,喷雾上述喷雾液进行整粒。整粒后,以吸气温度40℃将此整粒物干燥30分钟,得本发明的整粒物。此整粒平均粒径108μm、比容2.66ml/g、休止角40°。在此干燥的整粒物中添加硬脂酸镁1.8份混合后,用旋转式压片机(HT P-22、铁工所制)、以7.0mmφ的冲头、压片压力400kgf/冲头、片剂重量121mg压片,得本发明的控释制剂(片剂)。所得片剂的重量的标准偏差为0.6%,偏差小。片剂含量97.8%,含量均一性的标准偏差为1.4%,良好。
[实施例9]
将羟丙甲纤维素(6mPa·s)2.0份用磁力搅拌器搅拌溶解于水18.0份中。在磁力搅拌器搅拌下,将预先用锤磨机(Sample Mill AP-S、用1mm筛、HosokawaMicron公司制)粉碎的盐酸坦洛新0.8份悬浮(部分溶解)于该溶液中,调制出喷雾液。然后,将Macrogol 600078.0份、PEO(DowChemical)400份加入流化床造粒机(FLOW COATER,Freund公司制),以吸气温度30℃、喷雾速度5g/min、喷雾/干燥的循环20秒/40秒的条件,喷雾上述喷雾液进行整粒。整粒后,以吸气温度40℃将此整粒物干燥30分钟,得本发明的整粒物。此整粒平均粒径95μm、比容2.53ml/g、休止角36°。整粒物中药物含量101.6%,标准偏差1.4%,药物的混合均一性良好。
[实施例10]
将Macrogol 60003.84份用磁力搅拌器搅拌溶解于水10.56份中。在磁力搅拌器搅拌下,使预先以锤磨机(Sample Mill AP-S、用1mm筛、Hosokawa Micron公司制)粉碎的盐酸坦洛新1.6份悬浮于该溶液,调制出喷雾液。然后,将Macrogol 600076.16份、PEO(Dow Chemical)400份加入流化床造粒机(FLOW COATER,Freund公司制),以吸气温度25℃、喷雾速度5g/min、喷雾/干燥的循环20秒/40秒的条件,喷雾上述喷雾液进行整粒。整粒后,以吸气温度40℃将此整粒物干燥30分钟,得本发明的整粒物。此整粒物平均粒径96μm、比容2.27ml/g、休止角37°。在此干燥的整粒物481.6中添加硬脂酸镁2.4份混合后,用旋转式压片机(HT P-22、铁工所制)、以9mmφ的冲头、压片压力400kgf/冲头、片剂重量242mg压片,得本发明的控释制剂(片剂)。所得片剂的重量的标准偏差0.6%,偏差小。含量均一性的标准偏差1.8%,良好。
[比较例5]
将盐酸坦洛新10份和Macrogol 6000190份用聚乙烯袋粗混合后,用锤磨机(Sample Mill AP-S、用1mm筛、Hosokawa Micron公司制)粉碎。将Macrogol600084.8份和PEO(Dow Chemical)500份添加至混合粉碎品16份中,用双锥型混合机(5L型、德寿工作所制)以25rpm混合10分钟。再添加硬脂酸镁3.0份混合,得本发明的比较例的制剂。对所得的混合品确认其药物的混合均一性,发现含量91.5%,标准偏差1.4%,药物含量下降。
[比较例6]
用磁力搅拌器将山梨糖醇3.84份搅拌溶解于水11.36份中。在磁力搅拌器搅拌下,将预先用锤磨机(Sample Mill AP-S、用1mm筛、Hosokawa Micron公司制)粉碎的盐酸坦洛新0.8份悬浮于该溶液中,调制出喷雾液。将山梨糖醇76.16份、PEO(Dow Chemical)400份加入流化床造粒机(FLOW COATER,Freund公司制),以吸气温度30℃、喷雾速度5g/min、喷雾/干燥的循环20秒/40秒的条件,喷雾上述喷雾液进行整粒。整粒后,以吸气温度40℃将此整粒物干燥30分钟,得本发明的整粒物。此整粒物平均粒径110μm、比容2.04ml/g、休止角38°。关于整粒物中的药物的混合均一性,药物含量为98.2%,标准偏差为5.4%,发现含量均一性下降。
产业上利用的可能性
本发明提供了控释用医药组合物,该组合物含有整粒物,该整粒物含有药物、高粘度的聚环氧乙烷以及特定的PEO整粒剂,该三种成分中至少该整粒剂均匀分散于该聚环氧乙烷。
根据本发明,特别对于低剂量药物可提供含量均一性良好的口服控释用医药组合物,因此特别对于含有高粘度的聚环氧乙烷作为控释基质的控释用医药组合物,可用作普及性高的有用的制剂技术。
Claims (32)
1.控释用医药组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物含有平均粒径60~300μm的整粒物,该整粒物含有(a)药物、(b)粘度平均分子量200万以上的聚环氧乙烷及(c)即(b)聚环氧乙烷的整粒剂,所述的整粒剂选自常温下是固体的聚乙二醇、或者Macrogol 4000、Macrogol 6000、Macrogol 20000或聚乙二醇8000的聚乙二醇,2%W/V水溶液、20℃下粘度为2~15mPa·s的羟丙甲纤维素,2%W/V水溶液、20℃下粘度为2~10mPa·s的羟丙基纤维素,及2%W/V水溶液、20℃下粘度为2~15mPa·s的甲基纤维素的1种或2种以上,
通过将每制剂单位0.5~3重量%的整粒剂配成水溶液喷雾,上述三种成分中至少(c)整粒剂均匀分散于(b)聚环氧乙烷。
2.如权利要求1所述的控释用医药组合物,其特征还在于,(c)即(b)聚环氧乙烷的整粒剂为聚乙二醇。
3.如权利要求1所述的控释用医药组合物,其特征还在于,每制剂单位中的(b)聚环氧乙烷的量为10~95重量%。
4.如权利要求1所述的控释用医药组合物,其特征还在于,每制剂单位中的(b)聚环氧乙烷的配比量为70mg以上。
5.如权利要求1所述的控释用医药组合物,其特征还在于,(b)聚环氧乙烷的粘度平均分子量为500万以上。
6.如权利要求1所述的控释用医药组合物,其特征还在于,还含有亲水性基质。
7.如权利要求6所述的控释用医药组合物,其特征还在于,20±5℃下溶解1g亲水性基质时必需的水量在5ml以下。
8.如权利要求7所述的控释用医药组合物,其特征还在于,亲水性基质为聚乙二醇、蔗糖或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。
9.如权利要求6所述的控释用医药组合物,其特征还在于,亲水性基质在每制剂单位中的量为5~80重量%。
10.如权利要求1或6所述的控释用医药组合物,其特征还在于,还含有黄色三氧化二铁及/或红色三氧化二铁。
11.如权利要求10所述的控释用医药组合物,其特征还在于,黄色三氧化二铁及/或红色三氧化二铁的量相对于聚环氧乙烷为0.3~20重量%。
12.如权利要求1所述的控释用医药组合物,其特征还在于,每制剂单位中的药物的量为85重量%以下。
13.如权利要求12所述的控释用医药组合物,其特征还在于,每制剂单位中的药物的量为10重量%以下。
14.如权利要求1~13中任一项所述的控释用医药组合物,其特征还在于,药物为盐酸坦洛新。
15.如权利要求1所述的控释用医药组合物,其特征还在于,实质上不含有机溶剂。
16.控释用医药组合物用含聚环氧乙烷的整粒物,其特征在于,含有(b)粘度平均分子量200万以上的聚环氧乙烷及(c)即(b)聚环氧乙烷的整粒剂,所述的整粒剂选自常温下是固体的聚乙二醇、或者Macrogol 4000、Macrogol 6000、Macrogol 20000或聚乙二醇8000的聚乙二醇,2%W/V水溶液、20℃下粘度为2~15mPa·s的羟丙甲纤维素,2%W/V水溶液、20℃下粘度为2~10mPa·s的羟丙基纤维素,及2%W/V水溶液、20℃下粘度为2~15mPa·s的甲基纤维素的1种或2种以上,
通过将每制剂单位0.5~3重量%的整粒剂配成水溶液喷雾,至少(c)整粒剂均一分散于(b)聚环氧乙烷而形成,并且所述的整粒物的平均粒径为60~300μm。
17.如权利要求16所述的整粒物,其特征还在于,(c)即(b)聚环氧乙烷的整粒剂为聚乙二醇。
18.如权利要求16所述的整粒物,其特征还在于,每制剂单位中的(b)聚环氧乙烷的量为10~95重量%。
19.如权利要求16所述的整粒物,其特征还在于,每制剂单位中的(b)聚环氧乙烷的配比量为70mg以上。
20.如权利要求16所述的整粒物,其特征还在于,(b)聚环氧乙烷的粘度平均分子量为500万以上。
21.如权利要求16所述的整粒物,其特征还在于,还含有亲水性基质。
22.如权利要求21所述的整粒物,其特征还在于,20±5℃下溶解1g亲水性基质时必需的水量在5ml以下。
23.如权利要求22所述的整粒物,其特征还在于,亲水性基质为聚乙二醇、蔗糖或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。
24.如权利要求21所述的整粒物,其特征还在于,每制剂单位中的亲水性基质的量为5~80重量%。
25.如权利要求16~21中任一项所述的整粒物,其特征还在于,还含有黄色三氧化二铁及/或红色三氧化二铁。
26.如权利要求25所述的整粒物,其特征还在于,黄色三氧化二铁及/或红色三氧化二铁的量相对于聚环氧乙烷为0.3~20重量%。
27.如权利要求16所述的整粒物,其特征还在于,还含有药物而形成。
28.如权利要求27所述的整粒物,其特征还在于,每制剂单位中的药物的量为85重量%以下。
29.如权利要求28所述的整粒物,其特征还在于,每制剂单位中的药物的量为10重量%以下。
30.如权利要求27~29中任一项所述的整粒物,其特征还在于,药物为盐酸坦洛新。
31.如权利要求16所述的整粒物,其特征还在于,实质上不含有机溶剂。
32.权利要求16~31中任一项所述的整粒物作为控释用医药组合物的基质的使用。
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PCT/JP2003/016581 WO2004078212A1 (ja) | 2003-03-06 | 2003-12-24 | 放出制御用医薬組成物およびその製造方法 |
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- 2003-12-24 WO PCT/JP2003/016581 patent/WO2004078212A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2003-12-24 PL PL375153A patent/PL209908B1/pl unknown
- 2003-12-24 PT PT37681699T patent/PT1523994E/pt unknown
- 2003-12-24 JP JP2004569118A patent/JP3755532B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-12-24 GB GB0416309A patent/GB2402063B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 2003-12-24 RU RU2004137118/15A patent/RU2291711C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
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