CN1679631A - 用于治疗癌症的海鞘素743的组合物和用途 - Google Patents
用于治疗癌症的海鞘素743的组合物和用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
应用ET743和其它药物联合治疗人体癌症。具体涉及ET743在制备用于以联合治疗来治疗患癌症的病人的药物组合物中的用途,其中服入ET743和其它药物。
Description
本发明涉及癌症的联合治疗。
发明背景
癌症包括一组恶性肿瘤,它可以分为两类:包括临床中观察到的多数病例的癌和其他包括白血病、淋巴瘤、中枢神经系统瘤以及肉瘤的发生频率较小的癌症的。癌发源于上皮组织,而肉瘤发自结缔组织和发源于中胚层组织的那些结构。肉瘤可以影响如肌肉或骨,并且在骨、膀胱、肾、肝、肺、腮腺或脾中发生。
癌症是侵入性的,并且往往转移至新的位置。它直接传播到周围组织中,也可以通过淋巴系统和循环系统散布。许多疗法用于治疗癌症,包括用于局限性疾病的外科和放射疗法以及药物疗法。然而,可用于许多癌症类型的疗法的功效是有限的,需要表现出临床有益性的新的改良形式的疗法。这对于那些患有晚期和/或转移性疾病的患者尤为如此。对于早先已经用确定的疗法治疗之后复发的进行性疾病的患者也是如此,对于这些患者而言,还用相同疗法的治疗,由于获得抗性或由相关毒性限制治疗的给予而大多无效。
化疗在癌症治疗中非常重要,因为它为治疗远程转移的晚期癌症所需要,并且经常在手术之前有助于减小肿瘤,已经基于各种作用模式开发了许多抗癌药物。
海鞘素是海洋生物生物碱,它们中的一些具有有效的体外抗肿瘤活性。早前在专利和科学文献中已经报导了几种海鞘素。
例如,美国专利5,089,273描述了热带海生无脊椎的Ecteinascidiaturbinata的提取物的新的组合物,并命名为海鞘素729、743、745、759A,759B和770。这些化合物可用作为哺乳动物的抗菌剂和/或抗肿瘤剂。
美国专利5,256,663描述了包含从热带海生无脊椎的Ecteinascidiatubinata提取的、命名为海鞘素的物质的药用组合物,以及这些组合物作为哺乳动物的抗菌剂、抗病毒剂和/或抗肿瘤剂的用途。
美国专利5,478,923描述了从加勒比海被囊动物Ecteinascidiatubinata中分离的海鞘素,它们提供了体内抗P388淋巴瘤、B16黑素瘤、M5076卵巢肉瘤、刘易斯肺癌和LX-1人肺癌异种移植物以及MA-1人乳腺癌异种移植物的保护作用。
美国专利5,654,426描述了从加勒比海被囊动物Ecteinascidiatubinata中分离的几种海鞘素,它们提供了体内抗P388淋巴瘤、B16黑素瘤、M5076卵巢肉瘤、刘易斯肺癌和LX-1人肺癌异种移植物以及MA-1人乳腺癌异种移植物的保护作用。
美国专利5,721,362描述了形成海鞘素化合物和相关结构的合成方法。在以下例证中找到进一步的背景:Corey,E.J.,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1996,118第9202-9203页;Rinehart等人,Journal of National Products,1990,“来自水生动植物源和陆生动植物源的生物活性化合物(BioactiveCompounds from Aquatic and Terrestrial Sources)”,第53卷,第771-792页;Rinehart等人,Pure and Appl.Chem.,1990,“生物活性天然制品(Biologically active natural products)”,第62卷,第1277-1280页;Rinehart等人,J.Org.Chem.,1990,“海鞘素729、743、745、759A、759B和770:来自加勒比海被囊动物Ecteinascidia tubinata的有效的抗肿瘤剂”,第55卷,第4512-4515页;Wright等人,J.Org.Chem.,1990,“来自群体海鞘Ecteinascidia tubinata的抗肿瘤四氢异喹啉生物碱”,第55卷,第4508-4512页;Sakai等人,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 1992,“来自加勒比海被膜动物的其它抗肿瘤海鞘素:晶体结构和体内活性”,第89卷,第11456-11460页;Science 1994,“化学探勘者走遍海洋寻找有希望的药物”,第266卷,第1324页;Koenig,K.E.,“不对称合成”,Morrison编辑,Academic Press,Inc.,Orlando,FL,第5卷,1985,第71页;Batuon等人,J.Chem Soc.Perkin Tans.,1,1982,“一系列立体位阻胍碱的合成与特性”,第2085页;Fukuyama等人,J.Am Chem.Soc.,1982,“(+)-番红霉素B的立体控制全合成”,第104卷,第4957页;Fukuyama等人,J.Am Chem Soc.,1990,“(+)-番红霉素A的全合成”,第112卷,第3712页;Saito等人,J.Org.Chem.,1989,“(+)-番红霉素的合成.番红霉素的一种关键中间体三环内酰胺的制备”,第54卷,第5391页;Still等人,J.Org.Chem.,1978,“以中等分辨率制备性分离的快速层析技术”,第43卷,第2923页;Kofron,W.G.;Baclawski,L.M.,J.Org.Chem.,1976,第41卷,第1879页;Guan等人,J.Biomolec.Struc.&Dynam.,第10卷,第793-817页(1993);Shamma等人,“胺和生物碱的碳-13NMR位移排布”,第206页(1979);Lown等人,Biochemistry,21,419-428(1982);Zmijewski等人,Chem.Biol.Interactions,52,361-375(1985);Ito,CRC CRIT.Rev.Anal.Chem.,17,65-143(1986);Rinehart等人,“1989年药学科学主题(Topics in Pharmaceutical Sciences 1989)”,第613-626页,D.D.Breimer,D.J.A.Cromwelin,K.K.Midha编辑,AmsterdamMedical Press B.V.,Noordwijk,The Netherlands(1989);Rinehart等人,“生物质谱测定法(Biological Mass Spectrometry)”,第233-258页eBurlingame等人编辑,Elsevier Amsterdam(1990);Guan等人,Jour.Biomolec.Struct.&Dynam.,第10卷,第793-817页(1993);Nakagawa等人,J.Amer.Chem.Soc.,111:2721-2722页(1989);Lichter等人,“来自海产品加工的食品和药品(Food and Drugs from the SeaProceedings)”(1972),Marine Technology Society,Washington,D.C.1973,第117-127页;Sakai等人,J.Amer.Chem.Soc.1996,118,9017;García-Rocha等人,Brit.J.Cancer,1996,73:875-883;和Pommier等人,Biochemistry,1996,35:13303-13309。
特别是,已经发现当在动物模型中试验时,例如当针对乳腺癌、非小细胞肺癌、乳腺癌和卵巢癌的异种移植物评价时,海鞘素743也表现出有希望的活性。
关于新的海产药物海鞘素-743(ET-743,NSC-648766)抗从患者移植的人类肿瘤的体外抗肿瘤活性的论文,Annals of Oncology,9:981-987,1998,是典型的体内报导。作者根据他们的数据推断,连续或延长的暴露可以提高活性。所述杂志的同一卷的第989-993页中,关于海鞘素743(ET-743)的骨髓毒性和细胞毒性的体外给药方案依存性的论文推断,延长的暴露可能代表最好的给药方案。
发明概要
我们已经开发了用ET743治疗人类患者导致临床改善的方法。
本发明的实施方案
这样,本发明提供了治疗受癌症侵袭的任何哺乳动物特别是人类的方法,所述方法包括给予所述受侵袭的个体有效治疗量的ET743或其药用组合物。
本发明也涉及包括作为有效成分的ET743的药用制剂、也包括它们的制备方法。
药用组合物的例子包括含用于静脉内给予的适宜组合物的液体(溶液、悬浮液或乳液),而且它们可以包含所述纯的化合物或与任何载体或其他药理学活性化合物结合。
通过静脉输注给予本发明的所述化合物或组合物。我们优选使用输注时间至多72小时,更优选2-24小时,最优选约3小时或约24小时。允许无需在医院过夜而进行治疗的短输注时间尤其理想。然而,若有需要,输注可以约24小时或甚至更长。可以以合适的间隔如1-6周进行输注。在本文后面给出进一步的指导。
所述化合物的正确剂量将根据具体的制剂、应用的模式和具体的位点、宿主和正在接受治疗的肿瘤而变化。应该考虑其他因素,如年龄、体重、性别、饮食、给药时间、排泄速度、宿主的病情、药物组合、反应敏感性和疾病的严重性。可以在最大耐受剂量之内进行连续给予或定期给予。
本发明的化合物ET743和组合物可以与其他药物一起使用以提供联合治疗。所述其他药物可以形成同一组合物的部分,或者以分开的组合物提供以在相同时间或不同时间给予。其他药物的身份(identity)没有特别的限制,合适的侯选物包括:
a)具有抗有丝分裂作用的药物,尤其是针对细胞骨架成分的那些药物,包括微管调制剂如紫杉烷药物(如紫杉醇、paclitaxel、泰索帝(taxotere)、多西他赛(docetaxel)),鬼臼毒素或长春花生物碱(长春新碱、长春碱);
b)抗代谢物药物(如5-氟尿嘧啶、阿糖胞苷、吉西他滨、嘌呤类似物如喷司他丁、氨甲蝶呤);
c)烷化剂或氮芥类(如亚硝基脲、环磷酰胺或异环磷酰胺);
d)针对DNA的药物,如蒽环类(anthracycline)药物阿霉素(adriamycin)、多柔比星(doxorubicin)、pharmorubicin或表柔比星;
e)针对拓扑异构酶的药物,如依托泊苷;
f)激素和激素拮抗剂或激动剂,如雌激素、抗雌激素(他莫昔芬和相关的化合物)和雄激素、氟他胺、亮丙瑞林、戈舍瑞林、cyprotrone或奥曲肽;
g)针对肿瘤细胞中信号转导的药物,包括抗体衍生物如herceptin;
h)烷化药物,如铂药物(顺铂、卡铂、奥沙利铂、铂尔定(parapaltin))或亚硝基脲;
i)能影响肿瘤转移的药物,如基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂;
j)基因治疗药物和反义药物;
k)抗体治疗剂;
l)其他起源于海洋的生物活性化合物,特别是didemnin,如aplidine;
m)类固醇类似物,特别是地塞米松;
n)消炎药物,包括非类固醇药(如对乙酰氨基酚或布洛芬)或类固醇以及它们的衍生物,特别是地塞米松;和
o)止吐剂,包括5HT-3抑制剂(如gramisetron或昂丹司琼(ondasetron)),和类固醇以及它们的衍生物特别是地塞米松。
本发明也延伸至用于治疗方法中的本发明的化合物,以及所述化合物在制备用于治疗癌症的组合物中的用途。
在ET743临床试验中已经观察到患者反应,证明了该治疗方法的有用性。
第一阶段临床研究和药代动力学分析证明ET-743在治疗癌症患者中临床功效所需的剂量范围中给出了可控制(manageable)毒性的阳性治疗窗。
所述方法包括通过以建议剂量水平(RD)、联合或不联合其他治疗剂而72小时或小于72小时静脉输注给药。
ET-743以无菌冻干制品供给和储存,由适用于治疗应用的制剂、特别是含甘露醇和磷酸盐、缓冲至适当pH的制剂中的ET743和赋形剂组成。
在较高的储存温度下表现出改善的稳定性的优选的制剂,是从以下获得的制剂:1000ml 0.9%的氯化纳或其他合适的输注载体、250μg的ET-743和250mg的甘露醇、34mg的磷酸二氢钾和磷酸,调节pH为4.00-6.00,4.80为优选pH值。将所述制品冻干并在+4℃至-20℃低温避光冷藏直至使用。
在无菌的环境下,通过在每250μg的ET-743中加入5ml的蒸馏水,短时间振荡使固体溶解,而制备所述重建溶液。
也在无菌环境下,通过如下方法制备所述输注溶液:取出对应于为每个患者计算的剂量的所述重建的溶液量,缓慢地将包含100-1000ml的0.9%的氯化纳溶液的所需重建溶液量注入输注袋或输注瓶中,然后慢慢手动摇匀整个溶液。所述ET-743输注溶液应在制备后48小时内尽可能快地通过静脉给予。PVC和聚乙烯输注系统以及干净的玻璃输注系统也是优选的容器和导管材料。
以优选的应用方法,周期性进行给药,即在每个周期的第一周给予患者静脉输注ET-743,允许患者在该周期的其它时间恢复。每个周期的优选持续时间是3周或4周;根据需要可以给予多个周期。所述药物也可以在每个周期的每个第一天给予。根据个别患者的治疗耐受性,根据需要进行延迟给药和/或降低剂量以及给药方案的调节,特别是对肝转氨酶或碱性磷酸酶或胆红素的水平比正常血清的高的患者,建议降低剂量。
建议剂量(RD)是按照国际癌症研究所(the National Cancer Institute)(USA)确定的普通毒性标准(Common Toxicity Criteria)可以安全给予患者、产生可耐受、可控制且可逆的毒性,并且6个患者中不超过2个出现任何剂量限制性毒性(DLT)的最大剂量。癌症治疗指南经常提倡以毒性可控制的最大安全剂量给予化疗药,以获得最大的功效(DeVita,V.T.Jr,Hellman,S.和Rosenbreg,S.A.,癌症:肿瘤学原理和实践,第三版,1989,Lipincott,Philadelphia)。
在临床研究中使用本治疗方法的ET-743 DLT确定为骨髓抑制和不适。这些研究确定了24小时输注的建议剂量为每平方米肌体表面积1500微克,或3小时输注的建议剂量为每平方米肌体表面积1650微克。每平方米1800微克或更高的剂量导致出现DLT的患者的分数太大,因而确定这样的剂量对安全给予而言毒性太大。
然而观察到1998年六月报导的一例乳腺癌反应,其剂量水平为1800微克/m2,这是被认为以任何输注速度都不安全的水平,因为4个患者中有2个出现严重的剂量限制性毒性反应。先前报导的其他病例包括1小时输注后一位黑素瘤患者的反应,该方法不允许达到所述建议剂量水平而不存在剂量限制性血小板减少和疲劳。
ET-743可以在等于或低于建议剂量(RD)的剂量水平下安全给予。
具体地讲,以每平方米肌体表面积500-1500微克的剂量水平进行静脉输注24小时,优选剂量水平为每平方米肌体表面积1000-1500微克,后者是在临床试验中确定的这一治疗方案的RD。
具体地讲,适宜以每平方米肌体表面积500-1650微克的剂量水平进行3小时静脉输注,剂量水平优选每平方米肌体表面积1000-1650微克,后者是在临床试验中确定的这一治疗方案的RD。
其他治疗形式包括以每平方米肌体表面积1050微克的这一治疗方案的RD进行72小时静脉输注。
可选的方法是以每平方米肌体表面积1625微克的这一治疗方案的RD连续5天,每天24小时进行静脉输注。
当ET743与其他治疗药物联合使用时,两种药物的剂量可能需要调整。
先前唯一报导给予ET743的生物反应已经在动物模型或体外模型中观察到,众所周知关于它们在预测在人类患者中或在不能获得有效、安全的治疗方法的实验室环境下在人类患者中的反应方面是非常不正确的(不是所使用的剂量是被评价为大大超过建议剂量的毒性剂量,就是给药方案不合适)。
在使用本发明方法的临床试验中,在RD下在患者中获得了适宜的血浆水平,更重要地是可客观地检测到的反应证明了对患者临床有益性的事实。
采用WHO普通毒性标准的患者反应定义,按照本领域的标准医学实践确定所述反应。
在用先前的疗法难以治疗的晚期癌症和/或转移性癌症患者中获得了客观的反应,所述癌症包括软组织肉瘤、骨肉瘤和胃肠基质性肉瘤、乳腺癌和黑素瘤。也已经在晚期眼黑素瘤和间皮瘤中观察到的使用各种各样的亚适治疗方案的活性证据,以及在卵巢癌中的阳性临床标记反应,提示了本发明的方法也将在这些疾病的治疗中有用。
具体而言,用本方法进行治疗已经在患有晚期和/或转移性疾病的癌症患者中显出反应,而所述疾病在先前已经过已制定的疗法治疗后仍显示出进行性疾病。
因此本发明的优选的方法包括确定已经治疗过癌症的癌症患者,尤其是已经接受化疗的患者,并用ET743对他们进行治疗。
具体而言,用本方法治疗也已经在患有肉瘤包括软组织肉瘤、骨肉瘤和胃肠基质性肉瘤的患者中显示出反应。具体而言,用本方法治疗已经在患有软组织肉瘤的患者中显示出反应。具体而言,用本方法治疗已经在患有骨肉瘤的患者中显示出反应。具体而言,用本方法治疗已经在患有胃肠基质性肉瘤的患者中显示出反应。具体而言用本方法治疗已经在患有乳腺癌的患者中显示出反应。
表,图1显示了用本治疗方法所观察到的反应。
本发明通过下面的涉及人类临床试验的实施例进一步说明。
实施例1
分析来自每3周或4周以1500μg/m2进行24小时连续静脉输注ET743的试验的数据。
在治疗的第一个周期监测所有患者中ET-743的药代动力学,以评估患者间的变异性以及可能与临床活性或毒性的相互关系。
患者人群:
16位晚期/转移性软组织肉瘤(STS)患者
12位以前没有接受化疗治疗的软组织肉瘤患者
8位晚期/转移性胃肠基质瘤(GIST)患者。
观察的安全性/毒性:
治疗的可耐受性很好。
通过使用地塞米松为预防性止吐剂基本上消除恶心
骨髓抑制
一过性/无症状transaminitis
疲劳
数据与早先第一阶段的数据没有显著性差异。
功效
在2个周期的治疗之后,10位先前没有接受任何化疗的可评价STS患者中有6位已经显示出病情稳定或反应较小,
在2个周期的治疗之后,12位先前接受过化疗的可评价STS患者中有4位已经显示出病情稳定或反应较小,
在脂肉瘤、平滑肌肉瘤和滑膜肉瘤中观察到初步的活性证据。
实施例2
分析来自每3周对20位预先治疗过的晚期/转移性乳腺癌患者进行剂量水平为1500μg/m2、24小时连续静脉输注ET 743的试验的数据。
患者人群的特征:
20位女性,她们都表现出进行性、可检测的疾病,研究记入年龄为33-64岁(中值50岁)
临床表现状况0-1(ECOG标准)
所涉及器官的最小数目:2(范围1-6)。
疾病部位:
皮肤 12(60%)
肝 10(50%)
骨 9(45%)
淋巴结 6(30%)
胸膜肺 6(30%)
先前接受化疗的最少次数2(1-6)
先前用蒽环类治疗的患者 20
先前用紫杉烷治疗的患者 16
抵抗蒽环类和紫杉烷的患者 5
只抵抗紫杉烷的患者 2
只抵抗蒽环类的患者 3
安全性/毒性:
所给予周期的总数 56
每个患者的最少周期数 2(范围1-8)
每个周期报导的3级毒性或4级毒性的数目。
中性白细胞减少 25(50%)
血小板减少 4(2%)
可逆性transaminitis 34(60%)
衰弱(级别2/3) 13(23%)
数据与早先第一阶段的数据没有显著性差异。
功效
在16个可评价的患者中,观察到2个部分反应(涉及胸膜肺和胸的皮肤),在对上述任一治疗药物无原发性抵抗的患者中持续3.5个月和超过。6位患者达到病情稳定(2、3、3个月以上、3、4.5个月以上和6个月以上),包括两个患者中这种疾病的标志CA 15-3持续减少。
实施例3
分析来自对20位预先治疗过的晚期/转移性软组织肉瘤患者,除两个患者以外,每3周进行以1500μg/m2的剂量水平治疗、24小时连续静脉输注ET 743的试验的数据。
患者人群的特征:
39位患者/22位女性
35位软组织肉瘤(STS)患者
3位骨肉瘤(OS)患者
1位尤文氏肉瘤(ES)患者
22位患者在研究进入时患有严重的(bulky)疾病,在先前的方案下有56%疾病为进行性
年龄16-71岁(中值45岁)
临床表现状况0(0-2)(ECOG标准)
先前接受化疗的最少次数 2(1-7)
大部分患者已经接受过如蒽环类和烷化剂化疗
安全性/毒性:
所给予周期的总数 137
每个患者周期的最低数 2(范围1-12)
每个周期报导的3级毒性或4级毒性的数目。
中性白细胞减少 34%,6.5%热性
血小板减少 5%
急性可逆性transaminitis 44%
疲劳(级别2/3) 13(23%)
数据与早期的第一阶段的数据没有显著性差异。
功效
在34个可评价的患者中,
观察到4个部分反应(11.7%),其中两个变为术后完全反应。
观察到3个较小的反应,其中一个变成术后完全反应,11病情稳定,其中大部分维持3个月或更长时间。
在各种组织学类型中包括3个骨肉瘤中2个,在所有病灶中包括内脏转移,在严重疾病和非严重疾病中,以及在蒽环类难治和非难治的肿瘤中,观察到反应。
Claims (23)
1.ET743在制备用于以联合治疗来治疗患癌症的病人的药物组合物中的用途,涉及服入ET743和其它药物。
2.权利要求1的用途,其中所述其它药物形成所述药物组合物的一部分。
3.权利要求1的用途,其中所述其它药物以分开的药物组合物给药。
4.权利要求3的用途,其中所述分开的药物组合物与所述药物组合物同时给药。
5.权利要求3的用途,其中所述分开的药物组合物与所述药物组合物不同时给药。
6.权利要求1-5任一项的用途,其中病人患晚期和/或转移的、以前治疗过的癌症。
7.权利要求1-6任一项的用途,其中病人的癌症耐或抗其它治疗方式。
8.权利要求1-6任一项的用途,其中病人患肉瘤。
9.权利要求8的用途,其中病人患软组织肉瘤。
10.权利要求8的用途,其中病人患骨肉瘤。
11.权利要求1-7任一项的用途,其中病人患乳腺癌。
12.权利要求1-11任一项的用途,其中所述其它药物选自:
a)具有抗有丝分裂作用的药物;
b)抗代谢物药物;
c)烷化剂或氮芥类;
d)针对DNA的药物;
e)针对拓扑异构酶的药物;
f)激素或激素抗抗剂或激动剂;
g)针对肿瘤细胞中信号转导的药物;
h)烷化药物;
i)可能影响肿瘤转移的药物;
j)基因治疗药物和反义药物;
k)抗体治疗剂;
l)其他起源于海洋的生物活性化合物;
m)类固醇类似物;
n)消炎药物;和
o)止吐剂。
13.权利要求12的用途,其中所述其它药物是针对细胞骨架成分的抗有丝分裂作用的药物。
14.权利要求12的用途,其中所述其它药物是微管调制剂。
15.权利要求13的用途,其中所述其它药物是紫杉烷药物。
16.权利要求15的用途,其中所述其它药物选自paclitaxel、泰索帝、多西他赛。
17.权利要求12的用途,其中所述其它药物是选自5-氟尿嘧啶、阿糖胞苷、吉西他滨、喷司他丁、氨甲蝶呤的抗代谢物药物。
18.权利要求17的用途,其中所述其它药物是针对DNA的蒽环类药物。
19.权利要求18的用途,其中所述其它药物选自阿霉素(adriamycin)、多柔比星、和表柔比星。
20.权利要求12的用途,其中所述其它药物是铂烷化药物。
21.权利要求20的用途,其中所述铂药物选自顺铂、卡铂、奥沙利铂和铂尔定。
22.权利要求12的用途,其中所述其它药物是地塞米松。
23.一种药物制剂,其包含ET743和其它药物。
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CN112574234A (zh) * | 2019-09-27 | 2021-03-30 | 江苏恒瑞医药股份有限公司 | 一种海鞘素衍生物的制备方法 |
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