CN1488373A - 椒籽胚仁油与葛根醇提物合方系列药剂及其制备工艺 - Google Patents
椒籽胚仁油与葛根醇提物合方系列药剂及其制备工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明椒籽胚仁油与葛根醇提物合方系列药剂及其制备工艺提供了治疗心脑血管疾病的口服液、片剂、胶丸系列制剂,主要组方为椒籽胚仁油和葛根总黄酮成分,在制备工艺中,将花椒籽采用花椒籽胚仁油分道制取技术和脂肪酸低温析层过滤提纯亚油酸和亚麻酸技术,加工出药用椒籽胚仁油,同时采用葛根醇提技术提取出葛根总黄酮(浸膏、甙粉)及葛根素,并将椒籽胚仁油同葛根醇提物合方,利用中成药加工技术批量生产系列中成药剂,制备工艺科学,生产成本低廉,有效组方配伍合理,含量稳定,主要成分通过速效、慢效、缓效分次发挥功效,互补作用显著,对患者的初病期、治疗期、恢复期均有突出疗效。
Description
所属技术领域:
本发明椒籽胚仁油与葛根醇提物合方系列药剂及其制备工艺属治疗心脑血管疾病的药品及其制备工艺,尤其涉及用中药材提取成分合方的中药复方制剂及其系列产品制备工艺。
背景技术
以高血压、冠心病和脑血栓为代表的心脑血管疾病的治疗防治和药物开发是国内外中药现代化开发重点,传统药品选用的主要中药材是丹参、银杏、葛根、川芎、毛冬青、山楂、红花、紫苏、沙棘、亚麻、月苋草等,但其药效成分含量低,低疗效和重复组方药物开发较多,特别是传统中成药剂重复改变剂型开发更多,生产成本高,价格昂贵,患者长期服用经济负担很重,因治疗范围窄小,疗效不突出,难以适应不同心脑血管病情患者选用。自从α-亚麻酸在人体内可通过脱氢延生成EPA(20:5N-3)和DHA(22:6N-3)被证实后,国内外从富含α-亚麻酸中药材红花、紫苏、沙棘等植物种子中提取脂肪酸油来替代深海鱼油开发治疗心脑血管疾病新药一度成为热点,但据学苑出版社1993年10月出版的由阴健和郭力强主编的《中药现代研究与临床应用》一书中第332、378和633页有关资料证实:红花提取液有明显的致突变作用,沙棘油及沙棘总黄酮均有较强的蓄积毒性,紫苏中含有具有毒性的丁香油酚、α-派烯、紫苏醇,毒副作用成为上述中药材开发国家中药二类新药障碍。
发明内容
本发明椒籽胚仁油与葛根醇提物合方系列药剂及其制备工艺给心脑血管疾病患者提供了选药精少、配方科学、互补作用显著、口服又方便的新型复方中药系列制剂,并采用中药现代化生产工艺,使组方有效成分含量高,无毒副作用,生产成本低,产品价格低廉,疗效突出。患者服用后,通过速效成分来扩张冠状血管和降低血压,通过慢效成分维持血脂中胆固醇与甘油三脂等代谢的平衡和防止胆固醇在血管壁上沉积,再通过脱氢延生的缓效成分来舒张血管及抗血小板聚集,防止血栓形成并抑制肝内脂质及脂蛋白合成,降低血浆中胆固醇、甘油三脂、LDL、VLDL,增加HDL,来达到治疗心脑血管疾病的目的。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明椒籽胚仁油与葛根醇提物合方系列药剂及其制备工艺所采用的技术方案是:
第一步是利用创新技术从花椒籽中提取椒籽胚仁油。花椒籽在《本草纲目》中称为椒目,由外皮层、内壳和胚仁三部分组成,外皮层和胚仁中均富含油脂,据多方研究分析,花椒籽外皮层和胚仁中油脂各占花椒籽混合油50%左右,其外皮层油(皮油)脂肪酸中棕榈酸占25.3%,棕榈烯酸占15.7%,硬脂酸占1.3%,油酸占41.7%,亚油酸占14.6%而。α-亚麻酸仅占1.3%,不饱和脂肪酸总含量为57.6%,其中对心脑血管疾病有显著疗效的亚油酸和α-亚麻酸仅占15.9%。而花椒籽胚仁油(仁油)中棕榈酸占8.7%,棕榈烯酸占2.1%,硬脂酸占1.9%,油酸占22.6,亚油酸占29.3%,α-亚麻酸占35.4%,不饱和脂肪酸总含量为87.3%,其中对心脑血管疾病有显著疗效的亚油酸和α-亚麻酸合计占64.7%,达到中药材有效部位含量。由于花椒籽具有体形不一、外皮层坚硬、含有脂肪氧化酶、内壳小而薄脆的形态特征,溶剂油无法浸脱外皮层,加之花椒籽中不孕籽粒比例很大,传统的植物油制取工艺不能将椒籽胚仁油单独制取,而混合制取的椒籽油由于脂肪氧化酶的作用不仅易酸败变质,而且混合油脂肪酸中,亚油酸和α-亚麻酸含量合计仅为45.6%,提纯工艺复杂,成本很高。本发明椒籽胚仁油与葛根醇提物合方系列药剂及其制备工艺在花椒籽的加工及炮制中采用创新的“花椒籽胚仁油分道制取技术”,使花椒籽在旋转机械的推进作用下,相互挤撞和擦磨,使外皮层脱离内壳,形成粘糊状,再用溶剂油萃取皮油,即保留薄脆内壳完整,并分离出不孕籽粒,再利用植物油制取设备提取出椒籽胚仁油,最后采用创新的“脂肪酸低温析层过滤提纯亚油酸、亚麻酸技术”,利用棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸凝固点高的物理特征,把温度控制在0℃--10℃之间,从椒籽胚仁油中分离出硬脂酸和棕榈酸,将温度控制在-15℃以下时,可以继续分离出大部分油酸,将椒籽胚仁油中亚油酸和亚麻酸的合计含量由原来的64.7%提高到90%以上,其中亚麻酸含量达到50%以上,成为生产国家二类中药原料药备用。
第二步是采用公知的乙醇浸渍提取工艺从葛根中提取出葛根总黄酮(浸膏或粉沫)和从葛根总黄酮中分离出葛根素备用。
第三步是选用椒籽胚仁油和葛根醇提物合方配伍,在配方中,椒籽胚仁油含量为80%左右,葛根醇提物含量为10%左右,再根据各制剂生产要求配加少量辅料,采用公知的制药设备和技术工艺、生产出口服液、胶丸、片剂等系列剂型。
本发明椒籽胚仁油与葛根醇提物合方系列药剂及其制备工艺的有益效果是:
1、组方药疗效互补,治疗心脑血管疾病范围更广泛。
本发明椒籽胚仁油与葛根醇提物合方系列药剂组方中,椒籽胚仁油的主要成分是亚油酸和α-亚麻酸,并有少量油酸和花生酸,葛根提取成分主要是黄酮类化合物,其中主要有葛根总黄酮、葛根素和少量花生酸,在治疗心脑血管疾病中,主要发挥疗效的成分是α-亚麻酸、亚油酸、花生酸、葛根总黄酮、葛根素,据中药现代化药理分析已证实,α-亚麻酸在人体中通过脱氢延生EPA(20:5N-3)和DHA(22:6N-3),可转化成ω-3脂肪酸,具有同深海鱼油相同功能,有较强的调整血脂、扩张血管及抗血栓形成作用;花生酸给ω-3脂肪酸参与花生四烯酸代谢提供了更好条件,在代谢中迅速生成前列腺素类化合物PGI3及TXA3,并有效地防止了血栓素(TXA2)的产生,避免了血栓素(TXA2)使血管痉挛、促进血小板聚集和血栓形成,而PGI3却可舒张血管及抗血小板聚集,防止血栓形成,使α-亚麻酸替代深海鱼油更具有舒张血管、抗血小板聚集和抗血栓功能,增加冠状动脉和脑动脉血流量;亚油酸也为不饱和脂肪酸,能与胆固醇结合成脂,并进而促使其降解为胆酸而排泄,故有降低血浆中胆固醇的作用,亦有降低甘油三脂的作用,从而维持血脂(胆固醇、甘油三脂等)代谢的平衡,防止胆固醇在血管壁上的沉积;葛根总黄酮和葛根素有明显的扩张冠状血管的作用,并对梗塞心肌的代谢有良好影响,降血压作用显著,能明显抑制由凝血酶诱导的血小板聚集,同时对脑血管比冠状血管更具明显的扩张功能,有改善脑循环和外周循环作用。从药效而言,亚油酸在小剂量时和饱和脂肪酸摄入量大时疗效不突出,葛根提取成分在小剂量时不能降低血清胆固醇,即使大剂量时对血清游离脂肪酸和甘油三脂也无作用,但根据共性中药具有共辅互补的药理特征,利用本发明椒仁油与葛根醇提物合方系列药剂,其中饱和脂肪酸极少,不仅具有扩张冠状血管。降低血脂和血压的作用,而且具有抗血小板聚集和抗血栓形成功能,增加冠状动脉和脑动脉血流量,防治心脑血管疾病治疗范围更加广泛,可用于治疗冠心病、高脂血症、心绞痛、心肌梗塞、高血压和因脑缺血与脑血栓引起的半身不遂、口舌歪斜、偏身麻木、语言蹇塞等病症,克服了同类传统药物治疗范围窄小的缺陷。
2、治疗心脑血管疾病各有效成分功效急缓分次,功能接替,疗效更突出。
椒籽胚仁油与葛根醇提物合方系列制剂发挥了葛根总黄酮和葛根素疗效迅速、体内分布广、消除快、不易蓄存的特点,让速效的葛根醇提物帅先经脾肝进入血管,产生扩张冠状血管和脑动脉血管、增强心肌收缩力、降低血压的功能,来减轻毛细血管梗阻,并抑制血液中的凝血因子活力;而缓效的亚油酸通过胃吸收后紧跟葛根醇提物进入血管,发挥维持血脂中胆固醇、甘油三脂等代谢的平衡和防止胆固醇在血管壁上沉积的功能,逐步增加纤维蛋白溶解酶的激活能力,控制血清胆固醇、甘油三脂、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)和极密度脂蛋白(VLDL)的继续升高,使血液流动状态得到改善;待大剂量的α-亚麻酸在小肠中脱氢延生成EPA和DHA后,分别进入小肠、大肠、肝脏和心脑血管中,抑制胆汁酸的肠循环,降低胆固醇在体内转变速度,促进中性或酸性胆固醇自粪便排出,加大高密度脂蛋白(HDL)在小肠和肝脏中合成,更有力的舒张血管及抗血小板聚集,防止血栓形成,解除血管痉挛,安全地提高冠状动脉和脑动脉血流量,进一步降低血浆中胆固醇、甘油三脂、LDL、VLDL,增加HDL,并增强中枢功能,参与神经细胞生物构成,整体药剂通过急缓有序分次的功效,共同对心脑血管疾病组成了突出的疗效,克服了同类传统药物功效微薄的缺陷。
3、创新的制备工艺和科学配比,使产品价格低廉,无毒副作用,服用更安全。
用创新的制备工艺,从廉价的花椒籽中提取出椒籽胚仁油,生产成本很小,并在椒籽胚仁油分道制取的过程中,使外皮层和近一半不孕籽内壳提前分离,剩余纯实仁籽粒外部粘附物和脂肪氧化酶也水洗干净,又将油脂制取工艺后提取的椒籽胚仁油经过低温析层过滤,即避免了杂质进入椒籽胚仁油中,又最大限度减少了饱和脂肪酸含量,不仅使药用椒籽胚仁油质量纯洁,无毒副作用,而且加工中生产的副产品用途广泛,皮油是化工原料,分离油可精炼为食用油,不孕籽空壳可作为食用菌培养基料,油粕可作为精饲料,进一步降低了生产成本,每千克生产成本仅10元左右;葛根总黄酮和葛根素,经中药现代化研究已证实无毒副作用,虽然每千克生产成本分别高达1000元和10000元左右,但各剂型均采取了椒籽胚仁油高含量的配比,葛根总黄酮或葛根素含量仅为10%左右,生产成本很低,使产品比同类红花、沙棘、紫苏等中药材合方药剂占有了价格低廉、无毒副作用和服用安全的优势。
4、系列产品适应了不同类型心脑血管疾病患者需求。
心脑血管疾病患者大致分为初发期、重病期和恢复期三类,初发期患者服用片剂,片剂价格低廉,患者选用经济实惠,长期服用可逐步恢复健康;重病期患者结合医院治疗,服用胶丸,可迅速脱离危险,缩短住院治疗期;恢复期患者服用口服液,容量大,口服方便,价格低廉,长期服用不仅经济负担轻,并使患者迅速恢复劳动能力,提高生活质量和生命质量。本发明给患者提供了可供不同治疗期合理选用的系列药剂,克服了同类药物单一选择的不足。
5、本发明制备工艺同时也为利用花椒籽直接开发富含α-亚麻酸保健食品提供了简捷的技术,在椒籽胚仁油毛油低温析层时,仅将毛油温度控制在0℃-10℃之间时,硬脂酸和棕榈酸即结晶凝固,经过滤后,椒籽胚仁油中不饱和脂肪酸可超过95%,成为纯天然保健食品。
具体实施方案
椒籽胚仁油与葛根醇提物合方系列药剂制备工艺如下:
1、花椒籽的加工和炮制。首先采用花椒籽胚仁油分道制取技术生产椒籽胚仁油毛油,其工艺分为挤撞处理、皮油萃取、粉渣筛分、空壳分离、破碎和毛油制取多道工艺,具体工艺如下所述:首先选用新生产的花椒籽或安全贮存的花椒籽进行挤撞处理,其机械装置为筒状平卧式椒籽挤撞罐,由罐体、锣旋辊、轴承、电机和支架组成,罐体为长园筒形,外壳用厚铁皮制作,从中心横切分为上下两部分,下半部分固定在支架上部,上半部分用活页和拴扣同下半部分连接,罐体上部前端装配有可控制进料箱,罐体下部后端底部装配有可控制出料孔,轴承装在罐体两侧中心,镙旋辊为园柱形辊,辊外部焊接有镙旋栓,镙旋辊长度略小于罐体长度,宽度略大于罐体半径,安装在罐体中,辊轴连接在轴承中,其中一端装配有皮带轮。锣旋辊、辊轴、皮带轮、轴承要保持同心,电机安装在支架下部,电机转轴轮同镙栓辊皮带轮要保持对称,确保机械平衡运行。操作时花椒籽从可控制进料箱跌入罐中,首先在与镙旋辊和罐体的碰撞中使外皮层破损,外皮层油腺渗出油脂,油脂又保护了花椒籽内壳避免破碎,随即形成粘结体,在镙旋辊的推进中,籽粒间继续在油泥中挤擦,并持续受镙旋辊和罐体碰擦,不仅使外皮层完全脱离内壳,连内壳表面凸凹不平部分也基本被磨光,连同油泥形成粘糊状,最后由可控制出料孔挤出罐外,经输送进入萃取设备,也可采用加长的镙旋式输送带,使椒籽在输送中相互在镙旋搅动中挤撞成粘糊状再进入萃取设备,在萃取设备中,皮油浸出后,籽粒经输送进入摇筛机,筛除粉渣后籽粒成无外皮层光籽再跌入椒籽分离池中,分离池水深2米以上,水池上部有进水孔,下部半米深处有排水孔,水池中有输送网支架,并安装有籽粒隔挡网,在分离池中,空粒光籽漂浮水面被收集,实仁光籽在隔挡网的控制下沉入水中网状输送带上,其外壳粘附的微量含有氧化脂肪酶的粉沫杂质被彻底洗脱而沉入水下,当水池底部沉积物接近出水孔时,可排水清除,清洗干净的实仁光籽随网状输送带离开分离池后,粘附水分渗落,在摇动中被送入破碎机,破碎后经过油脂制取设备,加工出椒籽胚仁油毛油;继续采用脂肪酸低温析层过滤提纯亚油酸、亚麻酸技术,把椒籽胚仁油毛油再用输油管送入脂肪酸低温析层过滤装置,该装置由一套制冷机和两个分离仓组成,每个分离仓内排列安设有分离罐,当把第一个分离仓中温度控制在0℃-10℃时,分离罐中硬脂酸和棕榈酸基本完全凝固时,再通过过滤将液体状的椒籽胚仁油送入第二个分离仓,第二个分离仓温度控制在-15℃以下,油酸大部分凝固,再经过过滤后液体状的椒籽胚仁油中不饱和脂肪酸已高达95%,α-亚麻酸含量已提高为50%以上,单分子含量也达到中药材提取有效部位标准,成为本发明椒籽胚仁油与葛根提取成分合方系列药剂原料药。
2、葛根的加工和炮制。葛根总黄酮(浸膏、甙粉)和葛根素可采取公知的加工炮制方法从葛根中提取,也可以在医药市场批量购制备用。
3、椒籽胚仁油与葛根醇提物合方口服液(简称椒葛口服液)生产工艺:
将椒籽胚仁油和葛根醇提物(葛根总黄酮浸膏最佳)以适当比例配合,加土温-80后搅拌均匀,放置24小时过滤,再加入少量的果汁或糖粉混合,酌加防腐剂,灭菌包装成口服液成品。
4、椒籽胚仁油与葛根醇提物合方片剂和颗粒剂(简称椒葛片和椒葛颗粒制)生产工艺:
将椒籽胚仁油和葛根醇提物(葛根黄酮甙粉最佳)以适当比例配合均匀,再加葛根粗粉搅拌成糊状后烘干粉碎,过14目筛成颗粒状,最后加硬脂酸镁混匀压片,包装成片剂成品,也可将过筛的颗粒直接包装成颗粒剂成品。
5、椒籽胚仁油与葛根醇提物合方胶丸(简称椒葛胶丸或椒葛软胶囊)生产工艺:
将椒籽胚仁油与葛根醇提物(葛根素最佳)以适当比例配合,加少量互溶剂和抗氧化剂混合均匀,采用传统的滴丸法、钢板模法或旋转模法制成胶丸,包装成胶丸成品。
各剂型组方药含量和服用方法以及片剂和胶丸的形状、大小将在新药研制中确定。
Claims (5)
1、本发明椒籽胚仁油与葛根醇提物合方系列药剂及其制备工艺,利用花椒籽(椒目)和葛根炮制加工并配制复方中药系列制剂,其特征是:在制备工艺中,首先采用花椒籽胚仁油分道制取技术,先将花椒籽在平卧式挤撞罐中或在加长的镙旋式输送带上经过挤撞处理后进行皮油萃取和粉渣筛分,加工成无外皮层光籽,再在椒籽分离池中将空粒光籽分离,并把实仁光籽清洗,再将实仁光籽经过破碎和油脂制取,加工出椒籽胚仁油毛油,再把椒籽胚仁油毛油低温析层过滤,提纯出椒籽胚仁油,最后将椒籽胚仁油与葛根醇提物合方生产出口服液、片剂(含颗粒剂)、胶丸(含滴丸和软胶囊)系列中药复方制剂。
2、根据权利要求1所述的椒籽胚仁油与葛根醇提物合方系列药剂及其制备工艺,其特征是在椒籽胚仁油同葛根醇提物合方系列中药复方制剂的配方中,有效组方为椒籽胚仁油和葛根醇提物,其中椒籽胚仁油配方量大于葛根醇提物的配方量。
3、根据权利要求1所述的椒籽胚仁油与葛根醇提物合方系列药剂及其制备工艺,其特征是花椒籽在炮制加工中要经过机械挤撞处理或采用加长的镙旋式输送带,使坚硬的外皮层脱离木壳,形成粘糊状,并保护内壳完整的进入皮油萃取,完成花椒籽外皮层油分道制取。
4、根据权利要求1所述的椒籽胚仁油与葛根醇提物合方系列药剂及其制备工艺,其特征是花椒籽在炮制加工中经过皮油萃取后形成的无外皮层的光籽,要经过水中漂洗,把空粒光籽在水面收集,把实仁光籽经水中清洗后再进入胚仁油制取,完成花椒籽胚仁油分道制取。
5、根据权利要求1所述的椒籽胚仁油与葛根醇提物合方系列药剂及其制备工艺,其特征是花椒籽在炮制加工中制取的椒籽胚仁油毛油在低温析层过滤提纯中,首先把温度控制在0-10℃之间时,可使硬脂酸和棕榈酸凝固沉淀,在过滤中被分离,使椒籽胚仁油中不饱和脂肪酸含量超过95%,成为保键食品,继续把温度控制在-15℃以下时,可使大部分油酸凝固,在过滤中被继续分离,使椒籽胚仁油中α-亚麻酸含量超过50%,成为中药二类新药。
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101502585B (zh) * | 2008-02-04 | 2011-12-21 | 成都地奥九泓制药厂 | 花椒属植物提取物及其制备方法和用途 |
CN102973487A (zh) * | 2011-09-03 | 2013-03-20 | 颜平安 | 气滴油剂及其产品配制方法 |
CN111040866A (zh) * | 2018-10-12 | 2020-04-21 | 颜联祥 | 药用椒目仁油加工方法 |
CN116115758A (zh) * | 2022-11-22 | 2023-05-16 | 上海市内分泌代谢病研究所 | Gabaa受体作为靶点在制备或筛选降血脂、治疗肥胖和/或改善代谢的药物中的应用 |
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2002
- 2002-10-08 CN CNA021438757A patent/CN1488373A/zh active Pending
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101502585B (zh) * | 2008-02-04 | 2011-12-21 | 成都地奥九泓制药厂 | 花椒属植物提取物及其制备方法和用途 |
CN102973487A (zh) * | 2011-09-03 | 2013-03-20 | 颜平安 | 气滴油剂及其产品配制方法 |
CN111040866A (zh) * | 2018-10-12 | 2020-04-21 | 颜联祥 | 药用椒目仁油加工方法 |
CN116115758A (zh) * | 2022-11-22 | 2023-05-16 | 上海市内分泌代谢病研究所 | Gabaa受体作为靶点在制备或筛选降血脂、治疗肥胖和/或改善代谢的药物中的应用 |
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