CN1305982C - 用作光纤涂料的可辐射固化组合物 - Google Patents
用作光纤涂料的可辐射固化组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1305982C CN1305982C CNB028253876A CN02825387A CN1305982C CN 1305982 C CN1305982 C CN 1305982C CN B028253876 A CNB028253876 A CN B028253876A CN 02825387 A CN02825387 A CN 02825387A CN 1305982 C CN1305982 C CN 1305982C
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- hardenable
- carbamate
- acrylate
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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Abstract
本文公开了用作光纤涂料的组合物,采用这些涂料的光纤和光纤单元以及制备上述各项的方法。该组合物包含由两种不同的可辐射固化的氨基甲酸酯所形成的结合物,还可包含一种或多种反应性单体。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用作光纤涂料的可辐射固化组合物。更具体地说,这些组合物包含由两种不同的可辐射固化的氨基甲酸酯低聚物形成的独特的结合,还可包含一种或多种单官能或多官能活性单体。
背景技术
光学玻璃纤维已成为远程通讯业中不可缺少的部分。虽然这种纤维的强度很高,但它们易受例如包括灰尘和水分在内的环境因素的影响而断裂。因此,希望在这种纤维形成后立即涂上一层或多层涂料。在一些情况中,这类纤维可涂敷一层涂料,而在另一些情况中,可涂敷两层或两层以上涂料。例如,这类纤维可涂以柔软的内层底涂层和韧性的第二层涂层,而第二层涂层常常为光纤提供了较耐久的外表面。最外涂层常常是着色的,例如可涂敷油墨层或在涂料中添加着色剂来实现。这种光纤的色标有助于较容易地识别各涂有涂层的光学玻璃纤维。这一点对于工业上采用由多根光纤集束成光缆的情况是特别适合的。在这类用途方面,多根光纤通常是一起粘合在基体材料(matrix material)中的。例如,可以是由该基体材料将光纤包裹起来或者由基体材料沿边缘将光纤粘合在一起。
一般来说,希望用于光纤组件中的基体材料既能为光纤提供所需的的“韧性”又能保持所需的柔顺性。作为基体材料成分如聚合物的物理性能是与基体材料特性相关的。例如,适用的基体材料通常应具有足够高的玻璃化转变温度(“Tg”)以符合作为可剥性带状光纤所要求的热剥离性,并使光纤具有耐环境影响如耐湿和/或耐化学品的特性。该基体材料还应具有足够的伸长率,以使带状光纤能经得起诸如热剥离操作的各种处理。由于基体材料通常是直接与光纤的最外层涂层相接触的,因此也希望在需要(例如当修理或需分支)时,能从光纤上剥离开来。能够将各单根光纤从带状基体中剥离出来,又不会损坏光纤或涂层或涂层上的标记是重要的特性。然而,在使用期间,可剥离性必然会被粘结在纤维上的粘附性所抵消。基体材料还应具有高的耐热性、抗氧化性和耐水解降解性。能快速固化(如接受紫外辐射时)也是一个重要的特性。因此,对于基体材料来说,希望具有多种特性,然而,技术上已知的一些组合物常常是改进了一个特性的同时又会牺牲另一个特性。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种特别适用作光纤涂料的并特别适用作基体材料的可固化组合物。该组合物包含两种不同的可辐射固化的氨基甲酸酯组分。其中第一种组分能赋予组合物高的Tg,即Tg等于或高于约50℃,其中第二种组分能赋予组合物高的伸长率,即伸长率等于或高于约15%。该组合物还可包含一种或多种反应性单体,这些单体可以是单官能的、多官能的或两者的混合物。组合物中还可包含各种添加剂如光引发剂、热引发剂、剥离剂、抗氧化剂、稳定剂、UV吸收剂、增粘剂等。尤其是本发明提供一种组合物,该组合物包含:
a、以组分(a)和(b)总重量计20-80%第一可辐射固化的氨基甲酸酯,该所述第一可辐射固化的氨基甲酸酯赋予组合物高的Tg值,其每一分子具有一个或多个环状结构;和
b、20-70%第二可辐射固化的氨基甲酸酯,赋予组合物高的伸长率;其中所述第一和第二可辐射固化的氨基甲酸酯是不相同的,其中所述组合物的Tg≥50℃,伸长率≥15%。
因此,本发明组合物既具有高的Tg,又具有高的伸长率的特征。这些性能对于基体材料和第二纤维涂层是特别有利的。本发明组合物还为光纤用基体材料和光纤用涂料提供其它所需的特性,如令人满意的固化速度和对各种环境影响的高度耐受性。
本发明还涉及包含由本发明组合物制备的第二涂层和/或基体材料的带状光纤单元以及制备该带状光纤单元的方法。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及包含由两种不同的可辐射固化的氨基甲酸酯组分相结合的组合物。本文所用名词“可辐射固化的氨基甲酸酯组分”是指含氨基甲酸酯键的、并含至少一个可通过辐射固化的官能基团的组分。其中第一种组分通常能赋予本发明组合物高的Tg,而第二种组分通常能赋予本发明组合物高的伸长率。本发明组合物还可包括一种或多种能影响涂料组合物性能的单官能或多官能反应性单体。也可任选地添加本技术领域中标准添加剂如光引发剂、热引发剂、剥离剂、抗氧化剂、稳定剂、UV吸收剂等。
本发明的第一种组分是能赋予本发明组合物高Tg的可辐射固化的氨基甲酸酯低聚物。一般来说,能赋予最终组合物的Tg等于或高于约50℃的任何可辐射固化的低聚物都可采用,而特别适用的是能赋予组合物Tg等于或高于约85℃的可辐射固化低聚物。本领域技术人员可根据标准方法来确定具体的能否赋予组合物高Tg的可辐射固化的氨基甲酸酯低聚物。更具体地说,可辐射固化的氨基甲酸酯低聚物可按下述方法制得并添加到本发明组合物中。组合物的Tg可通过下述本技术领域的标准方法,采用动态力学分析仪进行测定如实施例中所述方法进行测定。本文所用术语“Tg”规定为动态热力学试验过程中tanδ峰的温度。应当指出,“高Tg”是指最终组合物的Tg,而不是可辐射固化的聚氨基甲酸酯本身的Tg。
赋予高Tg的可辐射固化聚氨基甲酸酯可借助本领域标准化技术手段通过多羟基化合物,多异氰酸酯、适当的封端单体相反应而制得。更具体地说,本发明组合物中的赋予高Tg的氨基甲酸酯组分是脂族或芳族多羟基化合物,脂族或芳族多异氰酸酯、能提供反应性末端的封端单体相反应的反应产物。
适用的多羟基化合物通常含有环状结构,包括双酚A、双酚F、加合烯化氧的双酚A二醇、加合烯化氧的双酚F二醇、氢化双酚A、氢化双酚F、加合烯化氧的氢化双酚A二醇、加合烯化氧的氢化双酚F二醇、氢醌、加合烯化氧的氢醌二醇、萘氢醌、加合烯化氧的萘氢醌二醇、蒽氢醌、加合烯化氧的蒽氢醌二醇、1,4-环己烷二甲醇及其加合烯化氧的二醇、三环癸二醇、三环癸烷二甲醇、五环癸二醇、五环癸烷二甲醇。单一的双酚A或双酚A与1,4-环己烷二甲醇的复配物是特别适用的。只要不会明显降低低聚物的高Tg特征,也可采用其它多羟基化合物与含环多羟基化合物相结合。这类多羟基化合物包括聚醚多羟基化合物、聚碳酸酯多羟基化合物以及其它不含环结构的多羟基化合物。聚醚多羟基化合物的实例包括由至少一种选自环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、环氧丁烷、四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃、3-甲基四氢呋喃、氧杂环丁烷及取代氧杂环丁烷的化合物进行开环聚合或共聚合制得的多羟基化合物。聚碳酸酯多羟基化合物的实例包括1,6-己烷二碳酸酯、1,9-壬烷二聚碳酸酯、2-甲基-1,8-辛烷聚碳酸酯以及它们的混合物。其它不含环结构的多羟基化合物的实例包括乙二醇、丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、新戊二醇、聚甲基-6-戊内酯多羟基化合物、有端羟基基团的聚丁二烯、有端羟基基团的氢化聚丁二烯、蓖麻油改性的多羟基化合物。这类多羟基化合物的数均分子量(“Mn”)可在50-1000道尔顿范围内如100-700道尔顿。特别适用的多羟基化合物化合物是数均分子量为200与700之间的聚丁二醇。也可采用各种多羟基化合物的混合物。
多异氰酸酯成分可以是芳族多异氰酸酯或脂族多异氰酸酯。可以采用4-20个碳原子的脂族多异氰酸酯。适用的饱和脂族多异氰酸酯包括(但不受此限制)异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、亚甲基双(4-环己基异氰酸酯)、氢化的二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯、氢化的二甲苯二异氰酸酯、1,4-环己基二异氰酸酯、1,3-环己基二异氰酸酯。异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和亚甲基双(4-环己基异氰酸酯)是特别适用的。适用的芳族多异氰酸酯包括2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯、2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯、1,3-二甲苯二异氰酸酯、1,4-二甲苯二异氰酸酯、1,5-萘二异氰酸酯、间亚苯基二异氰酸酯、对亚苯基二异氰酸酯、3,3’-二甲基-4,4’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯、4,4’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯、3,3’-二甲基亚苯基二异氰酸酯、4,4’-亚联苯基二异氰酸酯以及它们的混合物。
赋予高Tg的可辐射固化氨基甲酸酯的每一分子可具有一个或多个环状结构,在一些实施方案中会有三个或三个以上的环状结构。整个说明书和权利要求书中采用的术语“环状”是指脂环和芳族结构并包括单环和多环结构。在一个实施方案中,在赋予高Tg的低聚物中,每分子中的至少一个三环或多环结构是芳族环。在有芳族环的那些实施方案中,芳环可通过多羟基化合物、多异氰酸酯或它们两者而引入。大家都知道,当采用芳族多羟基化合物和/或芳族多异氰酸酯时,所得到的可辐射固化的聚氨基甲酸酯不完全是脂族。
封端单体可以是能提供至少一个反应性末端的化合物,该反应性末端通常包括具有能进行自由基聚合或阳离子聚合的烯键式不饱和基团。适用的烯键式不饱和基团的具体实例是含丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯、苯乙烯、乙烯基醚、乙烯基酯、N-取代丙烯酰胺、N-乙烯基酰胺、马来酸酯及富马酸酯的基团。
通常采用的另一类官能度是由例如环氧基团或硫羟-烯或胺-烯体系提供的。环氧基团可通过阳离子聚合作用而聚合,而硫羟-烯和胺-烯体系通常是通过自由基聚合作用而聚合的。环氧基团可以是例如进行均聚合的。在硫羟-烯和胺-烯体系中,例如聚合作用可在含烯丙型不饱和基团与含叔胺或硫醇的基团之间进行。
丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯末端是特别适用的,其中包括(但不受此限制)(甲基)丙烯酸羟烷基酯如(甲基)丙烯酸羟乙基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸羟丙基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸羟丁基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟基-3-苯氧丙基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸酯1,4-丁二醇单酯、(甲基)丙烯酸4-羟基环己基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸1,6-己二醇单酯、(甲基)丙烯酸新戊二醇单酯、二(甲基)丙烯酸三羟甲基丙烷酯、二(甲基)丙烯酸三羟甲基乙烷酯、三(甲基)丙烯酸季戊四醇酯、五(甲基)丙烯酸二季戊四醇酯等。特别适用的封端单体是(甲基)丙烯酸羟乙基酯。以“(甲基)丙烯酸酯”来代表甲基丙烯酸酯和丙烯酸酯已成约定,此约定也适用于本文。显然,(甲基)丙烯酸酯虽能用作封端单体,但该低聚物并不具有丙烯酸骨架。
用来制备赋予高Tg的组分的多羟基化合物、多异氰酸酯、封端单体的摩尔比通常为约1∶2-3∶2-4。特别适宜的比例是1∶2.5∶3。
特别适用的赋予本发明组合物高Tg的氨基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯可由双酚A、亚甲基双(4-环己基异氰酸酯)、丙烯酸羟乙基酯以摩尔比约1∶2.5∶3进行反应而形成。
在本发明组合物中,赋予高Tg的氨基甲酸酯组分的含量为20-80重量%,如30-70重量%(以两种可辐射固化的氨基甲酸酯组分的总重量计),或10-40重量%(以组合物的总重量计)。
本发明组合物的第二组分是赋予本发明组合物高伸长率的可辐射固化的氨基甲酸酯。所谓“高伸长率”是指伸长率等于或大于约15%。伸长率为35-65%是特别理想的;伸长率通常都低于100%。
一种具体的可辐射固化的氨基甲酸酯是否能赋予组合物高的伸长率,可由技术熟练人员采用标准方法加以确定。更具体地说,就是先制备出可辐射固化的聚氨基甲酸酯并将其添加到本发明组合物中,然后,按照ASTM方法D-882,在Instron试验机上对5密耳厚的薄膜进行伸长率试验。应当指出,“高伸长率”是指最终组合物的伸长率,不是可辐射固化的聚氨基甲酸酯本身的伸长率。
赋予高伸长率的组分可通过多羟基化合物、多异氰酸酯、封端单体间的反应,象上面讨论高Tg组分那样进行制备。能赋予高伸长率的组分通常以Mn至少约2000道尔顿的二元醇为主要成分。更具体地说,该二元醇包括聚醚多羟基化合物如由至少一种选自环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、环氧丁烷、四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃、3-甲基四氢呋喃、氧杂环丁烷以及取代氧杂环丁烷的化合物进行开环聚合或共聚合制得的多羟基化合物。其它适用的多羟基化合物包括丙二醇和聚丙二醇。所有这些多羟基化合物的混合物也是适用的。理想的多羟基化合物的实例是Mn至少为2000道尔顿的聚丁二醇。特别适用的多羟基化合物是购自BASFCorporation的聚THF2000和聚THF2900以及购自DuPont的TERATHANE2000和TERATHANE2900。其它理想的多羟基化合物的实例是数均分子量为至少2000的聚丙二醇如购自Bayer的PPG2025或购自BASFCorporation的PLURACOL4000。诸如前面所列的芳族多羟基化合物,只要Mn为至少2000也可使用。除较高分子量的二元醇外,也常使用含有两个以上羟基基团的、分子量较小的多羟基化合物。这类多羟基化合物包括1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷及其二聚体,季戊四醇及其二聚体,甘油和核糖,而1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷是特别适宜的。
前面所列的许多能用来制备赋予高Tg的组分的脂族和芳族多异氰酸酯也可用于本发明。四甲代苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯(TMXDI)是特别适用的。其它适用的脂族多异氰酸酯包括1,4-四亚甲基二异氰酸酯、1,5-五亚甲基二异氰酸酯、1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、1,7-七亚甲基二异氰酸酯、1,8-八亚甲基二异氰酸酯、1,9-九亚甲基二异氰酸酯、1,10-十亚甲基二异氰酸酯以及它们的混合物。显然,这里所列的许多脂族异氰酸酯是较适合于赋予高伸长率的组分,而不适于赋予高Tg的组分的,这是由于这些异氰酸酯很柔韧,会形成较低Tg的材料之故。
封端单体同上述赋予高Tg的组分中的封端单体;丙烯酸羟烷基酯还是特别适用的。
用于制备赋予高伸长率组分的多羟基化合物、多异氰酸酯和封端单体的摩尔比为0.8-3.0∶1.0-4.0∶1;特别适宜的比例是1.0-2.2∶1.5-3.0∶1。
特别适用的赋予高伸长率的组分包含Mn为2000的聚丁二醇与三羟甲基丙烷的混合物、TMXDI和丙烯酸羟乙基酯,它们的摩尔比为2.1∶2.8∶1。TERATHANE2000是Mn为2000的聚丁二醇。显然,该组分分子含芳香性,因而不是完全脂族的。在一个实施方案中,能赋予高Tg和高伸长率的两组分都含有芳族部分,因此都不是完全脂族的。
赋予高伸长率的可辐射固化的氨基甲酸酯组分在本发明组合物中含量通常为约20-70重量%如30-60重量%(以氨基甲酸酯组分总重量计),或为10-40重量%(以组合物总重量计)。在一个实施方案中,赋予高伸长率的组分的含量为低于30重量%,在另一个实施方案中为低于20重量%(以组合物总重量计)。赋予高Tg的可辐射固化的氨基甲酸酯与赋予高伸长率的可辐射固化的氨基甲酸酯的比例为约1∶3-约3∶1。
在一个实施方案中,两种可辐射固化的氨基甲酸酯都不含异氰酸酯。在另一个实施方案中,它们都不含聚硅氧烷改性部分,脂族二异氰酸酯残余或丙氧基化的丙烯酸酯,而在再一个实施方案中,两种低聚物都不具有如美国专利5837750中所述的第二低聚物结构,该专利内容已列入本文供参考。
本发明组合物中的两种可辐射固化的氨基甲酸酯组分可采用技术上标准方法来制备。有两种制备本文所述的可辐射固化氨基甲酸酯低聚物的方案。其中一个方案涉及先使异氰酸酯组分与多羟基化合物反应,然后使反应产物与封端单体反应。这一方案特别适用于合成赋予高Tg的低聚物。另一个方案涉及使异氰酸酯组分与封端单体反应后再与多羟基化合物反应。该方案特别适用于制备赋予高伸长率的低聚物。可用适当的催化剂来提高羟基基团与多异氰酸酯之间的反应速率,这类催化剂在技术上是已知的,包括例如二月桂酸二丁锡、氧化二丁锡、二-2-己酸二丁锡、油酸亚锡、辛酸亚锡、辛酸铅、乙酰乙酸亚铁以及胺如三亚乙基胺、二乙基甲基胺、三亚乙基二胺、二甲基乙基胺、吗啉、N-乙基吗啉、哌嗪、N,N-二甲基苄胺、N,N-二甲基月桂胺以及它们的混合物。
显然,赋予高伸长率的可辐射固化的氨基甲酸酯组分能使本发明组合物具有高伸长率性能。因此,它能使组合物具有适当的伸长率,而不需使用各种硫醇伸长促进剂如在美国专利6265476中所述的巯基或硫醚伸长促进剂。
当可辐射固化氨基甲酸酯组分中三个或三个以上环占20-85重量%,并也存在Tg高于约50℃的可聚合单官能乙烯基单体时,则组合物中的氨基甲酸酯键的浓度低于每克2.0×10-3摩尔。
本发明组合物还可包含一种或多种单官能或多官能反应性单体。这些单体在本发明组合物中可能发挥许多功能;例如,可利用反应性单体来调节涂料组合物的粘度或提高组合物的交联密度。单体是反应性的是指包含至少一个能在辐射固化条件下聚合的官能基团的单体。
这类单体可以是单官能或多官能的。特别适用的是两种单官能单体与一种多官能单体(如三或四官能混合物)相混合的混合物。该实施方案中,特别适用的混合物是一种包含丙烯酸异冰片酯、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(“NVP”)和三丙烯酸季戊四醇酯的混合物。在该混合物中,加入丙烯酸异冰片酯可有利于降低粘度和影响Tg;NVP的加入有助于提高Tg、加速固化并降低组合物的粘度;三丙烯酸季戊四醇酯的加入因提高了交联密度从而能提高平衡模量。适用的单体可以是直链或支链烷基、环状或部分芳族单体,它们可包括例如具有丙烯酸酯或乙烯基醚官能度以及C4-C20烷基或聚醚部分的单体。这类反应性单体的实例包括丙烯酸己酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸异冰片酯、丙烯酸癸酯、丙烯酸月桂酯、丙烯酸硬脂基酯、丙烯酸乙氧乙氧基乙酯、月桂基乙烯基醚、2-乙基己基乙烯基醚、N-乙烯基甲酰胺、丙烯酸异癸酯、丙烯酸异辛酯、乙烯基己内酰胺、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸壬基酚酯等。在一个实施方案中,没有一种单体发生酯交换。
另一类适用的反应性单体是包含芳族基团的化合物。其实例包括(但不受此限制)丙烯酸乙二醇苯基醚酯、丙烯酸聚乙二醇苯基醚酯、丙烯酸聚丙二醇苯基醚酯、丙烯酸苯氧乙酯以及上述单体的烷基取代苯基的衍生物如丙烯酸聚乙二醇壬基苯基醚酯。
适用单体的再有一些实例包括二丙烯酸C2-C18烃二醇酯、C4-C18烃二乙烯基醚、三丙烯酸C3-C18烃三醇酯、它们的聚醚类似物等如二丙烯酸1,6-己二醇酯、三丙烯酸三羟甲基丙烷酯、己二醇二乙烯基醚、二丙烯酸三甘醇酯以及二丙烯酸烷氧基化双酚A酯。通常,反应性单体的添加量范围为约25-75重量%(以组合物总量计)之间如30%与65重量%之间。如果存在一种以上反应性单体,则本发明组合物中该成分的量由一起添加的单体量来确定。本发明的一个实施方案明确地排除了其中一种单体是美国专利5998497中提出的,同时也存在聚醚氨基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯和光引发剂的那些组合物;本发明组合物中所采用的单体也不必按美国专利6323255所述经过特别纯化的。该两专利内容已列入本文供参考。
本发明的一个特征是本文所公开的组合物可通过自由基固化而得以固化。技术熟练人员会知道,自由基固化包括引发、链增长、链转移和终止各步骤。当组合物中包含可进行阳离子固化的官能基团时,组合物也可通过阳离子聚合过程而得以固化。固化作用也可根据用途要求通过光合光、电子束或热而引发,也可采用适当的引发剂来实施引发作用。
当希望进行辐射固化时,本发明组合物还可包含至少一种光引发剂。可采用常规光引发剂,其中包括二苯甲酮、苯乙酮衍生物如α-羟烷基苯基酮、苯偶姻烷基醚和苄基缩酮、单乙酰基氧化膦以及双乙酰基氧化膦。常用的光活性盐也可用来实施阳离子固化。特别适用的自由基光引发剂是苯乙酮的衍生物与双乙酰基氧化膦的混合物,尽管在一个实施方案中,美国专利6359025所述的双乙酰基氧化膦是明确排除在外的。
当本发明的液态可固化树脂组合物要进行热固化时,可采用热聚合引发剂如过氧化物或偶氮化合物。具体实例包括过氧化苯甲酰、过氧苯甲酸叔丁酯和偶氮双异丁腈。
光引发剂或热引发剂在本发明组合物中的用量一般为约0-约15重量%,如约1-约8重量%(以组合物总重量计)。
本发明组合物也可任选地包含技术上已知的标准添加剂。这些添加剂的含量通常低于组合物重量的约15重量%。例如,可添加剥离剂,其实例包括γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷和聚二甲基硅氧烷的衍生物。特别适用的是γ-巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷。通常剥离剂的用量为约2-3重量%。在一个实施方案中,剥离剂呈微粒形态,即使组合物固化后仍呈微粒形态。
为了提高组合物在固化前的储存寿命或储存稳定性以及固化后的热稳定性和氧化稳定性,组合物中可包含一种或多种稳定剂或抗氧化剂。
适用的稳定剂的实例包括叔胺(如二乙基乙醇胺和三己胺),受阻胺,有机亚磷酸酯,受阻酚以及它们的混合物等。可采用的抗氧化剂的一些具体实例包括丙酸酯如3-(3’,5’-二叔丁基-4’-羟苯基)丙酸十八烷基酯和氢化肉桂酸酯如硫二亚乙基双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基)氢化肉桂酸酯和四[亚甲基(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酸酯)]甲烷。适用的可商购的抗氧化剂包括Ciba Geigy制造的IRGANOX 1010、1035、1076和1222。
组合物中也可包含购自Ciba Geigy的TINUVIN P234、320、326、327、328、329和213的UV吸收剂。
在最终涂料中还可存在的其它添加剂或成分包括颜料、润滑剂、润湿剂、增粘剂及流平剂。当这些添加剂用于光纤涂料或保护材料中时,可按通常的添加剂用量添加。技术熟练人员是能按用途来确定添加剂及其适用量的。
涂料组合物的粘度通常在约1000与10000厘泊(CPS)之间(以Brookfield粘度计,No.34回转杆,6rpm和25℃下测定),粘度范围在5000-8000CPS之间特别适宜作带状光纤用基体材料和第二涂敷层的涂料。粘度可通过技术上已知的任何一种方法加以调整。
可采用技术上标准工艺和方法来制备本发明的组合物。
除了高Tg和高伸长率外,本发明组合物还具有许多其它特征,这些特征能使组合物适用作带状光纤的涂敷材料。例如,本发明组合物于固化后的平衡模量通常大于约1兆帕,如13兆帕或更高。平衡模量可采用动态力学分析仪加以测定。
本发明组合物固化时的杨氏模量一般大于约400兆帕,而通常约500-700兆帕。杨氏模量也可从动态力学分析导得。
本发明组合物固化时的正割模量一般大于约300兆帕,而通常约300-500兆帕。正割模量可按照ASTM方法D-882采用Instron试验机加以测定。
本发明组合物固化时的断裂拉伸应力一般大于约22兆帕,而通常为约25-31兆帕。拉伸应力可按照ASTM方法D-882采用Instron试验机在25℃下加以测定。
本发明的一个实施方案涉及排除了不饱和的取代硅氧烷增粘剂和/或美国专利5977202、6316516和6355751中所述的增粘剂的组合物,这些专利内容已列入本文供参考。在另一个实施方案中,组合物既不包含磷脂,也不包含Chromaphoric指示剂。
本发明还涉及粘合成的带状光纤单元和制造这种光纤单元的方法以及用本发明组合物涂敷的光纤,其中一层或多层涂层是由本发明组合物组成的。该带状光纤单元包含以任何用于此目的的涂料(如经辐射固化的涂料)涂敷的光纤,如一种包含多根一起粘合在基体中的玻璃纤维的常状光纤单元,其中基体材料是固化的本发明组合物;或其中一根或多根玻璃纤维也是用包含所述组分(a)和(b)的组合物涂敷的。根据本发明的方法可用于任何标准化光纤如具有玻璃纤芯和玻璃包层的光纤中。例如,纤芯可包含掺杂有锗或磷的氧化物的二氧化硅,而包层可以是纯的或掺杂的硅酸盐如氟硅酸盐。光纤也可由聚合物包层(如有机硅氧烷聚合物包层)与石英玻璃纤芯构成。经涂敷的光纤然后按所要求形状如以平行的平面状或其它规定的排列方式固定并封入本发明组合物中。例如,使光纤按所要求方式进行排列,将液态基体材料涂敷在光纤上,然后使该基体组合物固化。当该基体组合物固化时能粘附在使用中的光纤上,但该基体组合物又能在不损害所涂光纤整体(包括不会影响沉积的任何油墨层)的情况下被剥去。具体的实施方案包括其中光纤上第二涂层是由本发明组合物构成的,基体材料涂层是由本发明组合物构成的或者两种涂层都是由本发明组合物构成的光纤。当第二涂层和基体涂层都是本发明组合物时,它们可以是相同的或不相同的。
除非另有说明,本文中所有数字如表示数值、范围、数量或百分比都应认为前面冠有“约”字,尽管数字前没有出现约字。本文所引任何数值范围是指该范围内所有数值都包括在内。本文所用术语“聚合物”是指低聚物以及均聚物和共聚物。前缀“多”在本文中指两个或两个以上。
实施例
下面实施例是对本发明的说明,而不应认为是对本发明的限制。“份”是指重量份。
实施例1
赋予高Tg的低聚物(1)的制备
向装置有温度计、机械搅拌器和冷凝器的2升四颈反应器装入660.0份亚甲基双-(4-环己基二异氰酸酯)和0.5份二月桂酸二丁锡。将混合物加热到60℃后,添加64.4份数均分子量为650的聚丁二醇(PolyTHF650,BASF Corporation)、205.2份双酚A、427.0份丙烯酸异冰片酯、1.4份2.6-二叔丁基-4-甲酚和0.2份吩噻嗪,其间反应温度保持在80℃或低于80℃。使混合物在80℃下反应2小时。然后取样测定异氰酸酯(“NCO”)当量以确认反应完全程度。其后,向反应器添加348.0份丙烯酸羟乙基酯和0.5份二月桂酸二丁锡,其间将温度控制在约80℃。使混合物温度保持在80℃直到经NCO当量测定显示无异氰酸酯官能度。NCO当量的测定是以过量二丁胺与残余NCO官能度反应来进行的。可通过用标准酸溶液滴定胺来计算所消耗的胺量(如果有的话)。
赋予高伸长率的低聚物(2)的制备
向装置有温度计、机械搅拌器和冷凝器的2升四颈反应器装入177.1份间-四亚甲基二甲苯基二异氰酸酯、223.5份丙烯酸异冰片酯、0.5份二月桂酸二丁锡、1.4份2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基酚以及0.2份吩噻嗪。将混合物加热至35℃,向反应器添加46.4份丙烯酸羟乙基酯。在添加期间如必要,可对反应器进行冷却,以使反应温度保持低于40℃。然后使混合物在38℃保温2小时。取样测定NCO当量以确认反应的完全程度。其后,向反应器添加1040.0份数均分子量为2000的聚丁二醇(PolyTHF2000,BASF Corporation)和0.5份二月桂酸二丁锡,其间将温度控制在约65℃。然后将混合物温度保持在65℃直到经NCO当量测量显示无异氰酸酯官能度。
配制
向装置有温度计、机械搅拌器和冷凝器的5升四颈反应器中装入563.36份三丙烯酸季戊四醇酯(Sartomer)、501.32份丙烯酸异冰片酯(Sartomer)、870.75份前面合成的低聚物(1)和792.28份前面合成的低聚物(2)。将混合物加热至66℃,添加31.95份IRGANOX1035(CibaAdditives)。于66℃下搅拌混合物直到混合物变成清沏,然加添加95.78份A189(γ-巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷,OSI Specialties)、242.23份DAROCUR4265(Ciba Additives)、7.99份SILWET L7602(OSI Specialties)和30.35份BYK371(BYK-Chemie)。在66℃下搅拌混合物30分钟。以Brookfield粘度计在25℃下测得该组合物的粘度为7805厘泊。
采用伯德式涂膜器将上述配制的组合物涂敷在平坦的玻璃板上形成5密耳厚的涂层,在氮气氛下用D-灯以1焦耳/平方厘米的辐射进行固化。得到的自由薄膜的断裂拉伸应力为27兆帕,伸长率为41%(按ASTM方法D-882进行试验)。在频率为1赫兹、在-50℃-180℃范围内以每分钟2℃的升温速率对自由薄膜作动态力学分析,得到Tg为79℃,平衡模量为13兆帕。
实施例2
赋予高Tg的低聚物(3)的制备
向装置有温度计、机械搅拌器和冷凝器的2升四颈反应器装入672.6份亚甲基-双-(4-环己基二异氰酸酯)和0.5份二月桂酸二丁锡。将混合物加热至60℃后,添加65.8份PolyTHF650、165.5份双酚A、27.5份环己烷二甲醇、327.4份丙烯酸异冰片酯、1.4份2.6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚和0.2份苯并三嗪(phenotriazine),其间反应温度保持在80℃或低于80℃。使混合物在80℃反应2小时。然后取样测定异氰酸酯当量以确认反应的完全程度。其后,向反应器添加348.0份丙烯酸羟乙基酯和0.5份二月桂酸二丁锡,其间将温度控制在约80℃。使混合物温度保持在80℃直到经NCO当量测定显示无异氰酸酯官能度。
赋予高伸长率的低聚物(4)的制备
向装置有温度计、机械搅拌器和冷凝器的2升四颈反应器装入190.4份间-四亚甲基二异氰酸酯、327.6份丙烯酸异冰片酯、9.6份三羟甲基丙烷、0.5份二月桂酸二丁锡、1.4份2.6-二叔丁基-4-甲酚和0.2份吩噻嗪。将混合物加热并保持在80℃直到NCO当量达到理论值范围内。然后将混合物冷却至35℃,向反应器添加32.4份丙烯酸羟乙基酯。在添加期间如必要可对反应器进行冷却,以使反应温度保持低于40℃。其后,使混合物在38℃保温2小时。然后取样测定异氰酸酯当量以确认反应的完全程度。其后,向反应器添加1053.4份PolyTHF2000和0.5份二月桂酸二丁锡,其间控制温度为约65℃。保持混合物温度为65℃直到NCO当量测定显示无异氰酸酸官能度。
配制
向装置有温度计、机械搅拌器和冷凝器的3升四颈反应器中添加673.60份N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮(ISP)、261.80份五丙烯酸二季戊四醇酯(Sartomer)、1052.70份前面合成的低聚物(3)和897.30份前面合成的低聚物(4)。将混合物加热至66℃,添加29.30份IRGANOX1035(CibaAdditives)。在66℃下搅拌混合物直到混合物变得清沏,然后加入114.5份DAROCUR4265(Ciba Additives)、7.58份SILWET L7602(OSISpecialties)和29.30份BYK 371(BYK-Chemie)。在66℃下搅拌混合物30分钟。以Brookfied粘度计在25℃下测得该组合物的粘度为4400厘泊。
采用伯德式涂膜器将上述配制的组合物涂敷在平坦的玻璃板上形成5密耳厚的涂层,在氮气氛下用D-灯以1焦耳/平方厘米的辐射进行固化。得到的自由薄膜的断裂拉伸应力为37兆帕,伸长率为50%(按ASTM方法D-882进行试验)。在频率为1赫兹、在-50℃-180℃范围内以每分钟2℃的升温速率对自由薄膜进行动态力学分析,得到Tg为120℃,平衡模量为13兆帕。
前面已经对本发明的具体实施方案进行了说明,显然,技术熟练人员在不违背本发明所附权利要求书规定的前提下,是可对本发明的细节作许多种变更的。
Claims (17)
1.一种组合物,该组合物包含:
a、以组分(a)和(b)总重量计20-80%第一可辐射固化的氨基甲酸酯,该所述第一可辐射固化的氨基甲酸酯赋予组合物高的Tg值,其每一分子具有一个或多个环状结构;和
b、20-70%第二可辐射固化的氨基甲酸酯,赋予组合物高的伸长率;其中所述第一和第二可辐射固化的氨基甲酸酯是不相同的,其中所述组合物的Tg≥50℃,伸长率≥15%。
2.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述Tg≥85℃。
3.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述伸长率≥35%。
4.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述第一可辐射固化的氨基甲酸酯包含亚甲基双(4-环己基异氰酸酯)、双酚A和至少一种可辐射固化的羟基官能化合物的反应产物。
5.权利要求4的组合物,其中所述可辐射固化的羟基官能化合物是丙烯酸羟乙基酯。
6.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述第一可辐射固化的氨基甲酸酯的每一分子具有三个或三个以上的环状结构。
7.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述第二氨基甲酸酯组分包含四甲代苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯、Mn高于2000道尔顿的多羟基化合物和至少一种可辐射固化的羟基官能化合物。
8.权利要求7的组合物,其中所述可辐射固化的羟基官能化合物是丙烯酸羟乙基酯。
9.权利要求1的组合物,还包含一种或多种反应性单体。
10.权利要求9的组合物,其中所述至少一种反应性单体是N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮。
11.权利要求9的组合物,其中所述至少一种反应性单体是单官能的。
12.权利要求9的组合物,其中反应性单体包括丙烯酸异冰片酯、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮和三丙烯酸季戊四醇酯。
13.权利要求1的组合物,其中第一可辐射固化氨基甲酸酯、第二可辐射固化氨基甲酸酯的可辐射固化部分或两者是由丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯基团衍生的。
14.权利要求1的组合物,其中第一可辐射固化氨基甲酸酯、第二可辐射固化氨基甲酸酯的可辐射固化部分或两者不是由丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯基团衍生的。
15.用权利要求1组合物涂敷的光纤。
16.一种包含多根一起粘合在基体中的玻璃纤维的带状光纤单元,其中基体材料是固化的权利要求1组合物。
17.权利要求16的带状光纤单元,其中一根或多根玻璃纤维也是用包含下述组分的组合物涂敷的:
a、第一可辐射固化的氨基甲酸酯;和
b、第二可辐射固化的氨基甲酸酯;其中所述第一和第二可辐射固化的氨基甲酸酯是不同的,其中所述组合物的Tg≥50℃,伸长率≥15%。
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US34307401P | 2001-12-20 | 2001-12-20 | |
US60/343,074 | 2001-12-20 | ||
US10/272,708 US20030119998A1 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2002-10-17 | Free radical-curable composition for optical fiber coating materials |
US10/272,708 | 2002-10-17 | ||
US10/317,970 US7105583B2 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2002-12-12 | Radiation-curable compositions for optical fiber coating materials |
US10/317,970 | 2002-12-12 | ||
PCT/US2002/039989 WO2003054095A1 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2002-12-13 | Radiation-curable compositions for optical fiber coating materials |
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WO2010131685A1 (ja) * | 2009-05-13 | 2010-11-18 | 日東電工株式会社 | 複合フィルムおよびその製造方法 |
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