CN1261898A - 两性离子催化剂活化剂 - Google Patents
两性离子催化剂活化剂 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1261898A CN1261898A CN98806756A CN98806756A CN1261898A CN 1261898 A CN1261898 A CN 1261898A CN 98806756 A CN98806756 A CN 98806756A CN 98806756 A CN98806756 A CN 98806756A CN 1261898 A CN1261898 A CN 1261898A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- group
- compound
- cyclopentadienyl
- alkyl
- dimethyl
- Prior art date
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 title abstract description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003800 germyl group Chemical group [H][Ge]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005062 perfluorophenyl group Chemical group FC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1F)F)F)F)* 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002743 phosphorus functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000012725 vapour phase polymerization Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052800 carbon group element Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052696 pnictogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- -1 fluorinated aryl borate Chemical compound 0.000 description 114
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 58
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical group [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 56
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 56
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical group [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 39
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 22
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N endo-cyclopentadiene Natural products C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 20
- UBHZUDXTHNMNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylsilane Chemical compound C[SiH2]C UBHZUDXTHNMNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 18
- 125000000058 cyclopentadienyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC1)* 0.000 description 16
- LCKIEQZJEYYRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium ion Chemical compound [Ti+4] LCKIEQZJEYYRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 description 14
- 125000006309 butyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 125000002097 pentamethylcyclopentadienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vilsmeier-Haack reagent Natural products CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000003454 indenyl group Chemical group C1(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 8
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indene Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=CC2=C1 YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- CMWCOKOTCLFJOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(3+) Chemical compound [Ti+3] CMWCOKOTCLFJOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QWUWMCYKGHVNAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dihydrostilbene Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1CCC1=CC=CC=C1 QWUWMCYKGHVNAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CMSUNVGIWAFNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dimethylpenta-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC(C)=CC(C)=C CMSUNVGIWAFNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CC(C)CC=C WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N borane Chemical compound B UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000021615 conjugation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 4
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nonene Chemical compound CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Natural products P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000004218 chloromethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(Cl)* 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
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- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- YWWDBCBWQNCYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylphosphine Substances CP(C)C YWWDBCBWQNCYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- XWJBRBSPAODJER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,7-octadiene Chemical compound C=CCCCCC=C XWJBRBSPAODJER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 1755-01-7 Chemical compound C1[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC=C[C@@H]3[C@@H]1C=C2 HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000006178 methyl benzyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/52—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides selected from boron, aluminium, gallium, indium, thallium or rare earths
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- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
- C07F5/06—Aluminium compounds
- C07F5/061—Aluminium compounds with C-aluminium linkage
- C07F5/066—Aluminium compounds with C-aluminium linkage compounds with Al linked to an element other than Al, C, H or halogen (this includes Al-cyanide linkage)
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- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
- C07F5/02—Boron compounds
- C07F5/027—Organoboranes and organoborohydrides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
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- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
- C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
- C08F4/65916—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond supported on a carrier, e.g. silica, MgCl2, polymer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
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- C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
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- C08F4/65922—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring containing at least two cyclopentadienyl rings, fused or not
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Abstract
一种催化剂活化剂,特别适合用于3—10族金属的金属配合物的活化,以便用于烯属不饱和可聚合单体、特别是烯烃的聚合反应,该活化剂包含对应于式(Ⅰ)或(Ⅱ)的两性离子化合物,其中:L+是元素周期表中第15族元素的质子化衍生物,另外还带有两个各具有1~50个碳原子的烃基取代基,或是元素周期表中第14族元素的带阳电荷衍生物,该第14族元素被三个各具有1~50个碳原子的烃基取代基所取代;R1是具有1~40个非氢原子的二价连接基团;R2相互独立地是具有1~50个非氢原子的配位基团,条件是其个数足够平衡化合物中电荷,R2是L+-R1-;R4是桥联氢化物或卤化物基团或具有1~40个非氢原子的二价连接基团;M1是硼、铝或镓;Arf相互独立地是含有6~100个非氢原子的单价氟代有机基团;Y是第15族元素;和Z是第14族元素。
Description
本发明涉及一种可用作催化剂活化剂的化合物。更具体地说,本发明涉及特别适合用于不饱和化合物与3-10族金属配合物的加聚作用的化合物,该活化剂包含至少一种能够活化金属配合物从而引发加聚作用的两性离子化合物。这样的活化剂特别适合用于聚合反应方法,其中催化剂、催化剂活化剂和至少一种可聚合单体在聚合反应条件下结合以形成聚合产物。
利用能够传递质子以形成此类3-10族金属配合物的阳离子衍生物或其它催化活性衍生物的质子酸盐,来活化Ziegler-Natta聚合反应催化剂,特别是包括含有离域π-键配位体基团的3-10族金属配合物的此类催化剂在本领域中是已知的。优选的质子酸盐是含有能够使3-10族金属配合物具有催化活性的阳离子/阴离子对的化合物。合适的活化剂包含氟代芳基硼酸盐阴离子,优选四(五氟苯基)硼酸盐阴离子。其它合适的阴离子包括对应于下式的具有空间位阻的二硼阴离子:其中:
S是氢、烷基、氟代烷基、芳基或氟代芳基,ArF是氟代芳基,X1或是氢或是卤化物,这公开于US-A-5,447,895中。其它例子包括,例如在US-A-5,407,884中公开并要求保护的碳硼烷化合物。
优选的电荷分离(阳离子/阴离子对)的活化剂例子是能够传递氢离子的质子化的铵、锍或鏻盐,这公开于US-A-5,198,401、US-A-5,132,380、US-A-5,470,927和US-A-5,153,157中,以及氧化盐例如碳鎓、二茂铁鎓和甲硅烷基鎓盐,这公开于US-A-5,350,723、US-A-5,189,192和US-A-5,626,087中。
另外,适合于上述金属配合物的活化剂包括强路易斯酸,包括(三全氟苯基)甲硼烷和三(全氟联苯基)甲硼烷。前者在EP-A-520,732中已经公开了如上所述的最终用途,而后者类似地由Marks等人在美国化学会志(J.Am.Chem.Soc.),118,12451-12452(1996)中公开。
尽管在各种聚合反应条件下上述催化剂活化剂具有令人满意的性能,但是仍然需要改进的助催化剂以用于各种反应条件下的各种金属配合物的活化。特别是,包含能够向金属配合物配位体传递质子的质子酸盐的已知活化剂,一般同时生成中性副产物例如胺或膦化合物。此类副产物通常难于从所得催化剂组合物中除去,因而可以对所得催化剂组合物的催化性能产生不利影响。因此,希望能够提供可用于溶液、淤浆、气相或高压聚合反应并在均相或多相工艺条件下具有改进的活化性能的催化剂活化剂。
本发明提供了对应于下式的两性离子化合物:其中:
L+是元素周期表中第15族元素的质子化衍生物,另外还带有两个各具有1~50个碳原子的烃基取代基,或是元素周期表中第14族元素的带正电荷的衍生物,该第14族元素被三个各具有1~50个碳原子的烃基取代基所取代;
R1是具有1~40个非氢原子的二价连接基团;
R2相互独立地是具有1~50个非氢原子的配位体基团,条件是其个数足够平衡化合物中电荷,R2是L+-R1-;
R4是桥联氢化物或卤化物基团或是具有1~40个非氢原子的二价连接基团;
M1是硼、铝或镓;
Arf相互独立地是含有6~100个氢原子的单价氟代有机基团;
Y是第15族元素;和
Z是第14族元素。
本发明还提供了一种催化剂组合物,其能够聚合烯属不饱和的可聚合单体,其中所述催化剂组合物包括3-13族金属配合物和上述两性离子化合物的组合物或由这种组合得到的反应产物。
另外,本发明还提供了一种方法,用于一种或多种烯属不饱和的可聚合单体的聚合反应,包括在有或没有惰性脂族、脂环族或芳烃存在下,使所述单体与上述催化剂组合物接触。
上述两性离子硼化合物能够独特地使中性的3-10族金属配合物形成活性催化剂组合物,而不产生能够与所得活性金属物质配位的分离的路易斯碱副产物。因此所述化合物具有改进的催化剂活化性能。它们也独特地适用于各种金属配合物、特别是4族金属配合物在标准或不标准聚合反应条件下的活化。
本文所述的属于某一族的元素指的是由CRC Press,Inc.,1995出版并拥有版权的元素周期表中的该族的元素。所述的任何族是使用IUPAC体系对族进行编号的元素周期表中所表示的族。
本发明的化合物还以下面的方式进行表征。本发明的优选的两性离子硼化合物的例子对应于式:HL′+-R1-B-(Arf)3,其中:
R1是亚烃基或卤素、烷氧基、N,N-二烃基氨基、甲硅烷基或甲锗烷基取代的亚烃基,不计氢原子在内该R1具有2~40个原子;
L′是二烃基取代的氮或磷基团,每一烃基中具有1~50个碳原子;和
Arf相互独立地是不计氢原子在内具有6~100个原子的单价氟代有机基团。
非常优选的是对应于下式的两性离子化合物:HN+(R5)2-R1-B-(Arf)3,其中:
R1是C1-40亚烷基或C6-40亚芳基;
R5相互独立地是C1-50烃基;和
Arf各是全氟苯基、全氟萘基或全氟联苯基。
一般,通过引入一种或多种亲油性R5基团,例如长链烷基;长链链烯基;或卤素、烷氧基、氨基、甲硅烷基或甲锗烷基取代的长链烷基或长链链烯基,可以提高本发明的化合物在脂族化合物中的溶解度。术语“长链”指的是在该基团、优选在非支链形式中具有10~50个非氢原子的基团。应该理解的是,催化剂活化剂可混合包含不同长度的R5基团。例如,一种合适的活化剂(其中L是氮)可来自于市售的混合包含两个C14、C16或C18烷基和一个甲基的长链胺。此类胺可以从WitcoCorp.以商标名KemamineTM T9701购买得到,和从Akzo-Nobel以商标名ArmeenTM M2HT购买得到。
这里所用的最优选的两性离子化合物是:H(R5)2N+-C2H4-B-(C6F5)3 H(R5)2N+-C2H4-B-(C12F9)3,H(R5)2N+-(C2H4)-B-(C6F5)3,或H(R5)2N+-C18H36B-(C12F9)3,其中R5是甲基、苯基或混合的C14-18烷基。
通过用金属有机化合物,例如适当取代的格氏(Grignard)试剂或有机锂试剂处理三芳基或三烷基硼化合物、然后进行质子化,可容易地合成本发明的两性离子化合物。
M*是Ni(II)或Pd(II);
K是卤素、烃基或烃氧基;
Ar*是芳基,特别是2,6-二异丙基苯基或苯胺基;
CT-CT是1,2-乙二基,2,3-丁二基,或形成稠环体系,其中两个T基团一起是1,8-萘烷二基;和
A-是上述电荷分离活化剂的阴离子组分。
M.Brookhart等人在美国化学会志(J.Am.Chem.Soc.),118,267-268(1996)和美国化学会志(J.Am.Chem.Soc.),117,6414-6415(1995)中公开了与上述类似的催化剂,可作为活性聚合反应的催化剂,特别是可用于α-烯烃或是其与极性共聚用单体例如氯乙烯、丙烯酸烷基酯和甲基丙烯酸烷基酯的聚合反应。
另外的催化剂包括+2、+3或+4氧化态的3、4族或镧系金属的衍生物。优选的化合物包括含有1~3个π-键合的阴离子或中性配位基团的金属配合物,其可以是环状或非环状离域π-键合的阴离子配位基团。此类π-键合的阴离子配位基团的例子是共轭或非共轭的、环状或非环状二烯基、烯丙基、硼杂苯基团和芳烃基团。术语“π-键合”指的是配位体基团与过渡金属通过共享来自于部分离域的π-键的电子而键联。
离域π-键合基团中每一原子可以独立地被选自氢、卤素、烃基、卤代烃基、烃基取代的准金属基团的基团取代,其中准金属选自于元素周期表中第14族元素,且此类烃基或烃基取代的准金属基团还可被含有15或16族杂原子的部分取代。术语“烃基”包括C1-20直链、支链和环状烷基、C6-20芳基、C7-20烷基取代的芳基和C7-20芳基取代的烷基。另外两个或多个此类基团可以一起形成稠环体系,包括部分或全部氢化的稠环体系,或者它们可以与金属形成金属环。合适的烃基取代的有机准金属基团包括第14族元素的单、二和三取代的有机准金属基团,其中各烃基含有1~20个碳原子。合适的烃基取代的有机准金属基团的例子包括三甲基甲硅烷基、三乙基甲硅烷基、乙基二甲基甲硅烷基、甲基二乙基甲硅烷基、三苯基甲锗烷基和三甲基甲锗烷基。含有第15或16族杂原子部分的例子包括胺、膦、醚或硫醚部分或其二价衍生物,例如胺化物、磷化物、醚或硫醚基团,其键联于过渡金属或镧系金属,和键联于烃基或键联于含有烃基取代的准金属的基团。
合适的阴离子离域π-键合的基团的例子包括环戊二烯基、茚基、芴基、四氢茚基、四氢芴基、八氢芴基、戊二烯基、环己二烯基、二氢蒽基、六氢蒽基、十氢蒽基和硼杂苯基团,及其C1-10烃基取代的衍生物或C1-10烃基取代的甲硅烷基取代的衍生物。优选的阴离子离域的π-键合的基团是环戊二烯基、五甲基环戊二烯基、四甲基环戊二烯基、四甲基甲硅烷基环戊二烯基、茚基、2,3-二甲基茚基、芴基、2-甲基茚基、2-甲基-4-苯基茚基、四氢芴基、八氢芴基和四氢茚基。
硼杂苯是类似于苯的含硼的阴离子配体。它们在本领域中是已知的,G.Herberich.等人在金属有机(Organometallics),14,1,471-480(1995)中已有描述。优选的硼杂苯对应于下式:其中R″选自于烃基、甲硅烷基或甲锗烷基,所说的R″具有至多20个非氢原子。在包含此类离域π-键合的基团的二价衍生物的配合物中,其一个原子通过共价键或共价键联的二价基团与配合物的另一原子相键联,于是形成桥连系统。
合适的一类催化剂是对应于下式的过渡金属配合物:
LplMXmX′nX″p,或其二聚物
其中:
Lp是与M键联的阴离子离域的π-键合的基团,其含有至多50个非氢原子,两个Lp基团可任选地一起形成桥连结构,而且一个Lp还可任选与X键联;
M是呈+2、+3或+4氧化态的元素周期表中第4族金属;
X是任选的具有至多50个非氢原子的二价取代基,其和Lp一起形成带有M的金属环;
X′是任选的具有至多20个非氢原子的中性配位体;
X″每一个是具有至多40个非氢原子的单价阴离子部分,任选地,两个X″基团可以共价键联形成两个价键都与M键联的二价二阴离子部分,或任选地,两个X″基团可以共价键联形成与Mπ-键联的中性共轭或非共轭二烯(于是M是+2氧化态),或还任选地,一个或多个X″和一个或多个X′基团可以键联在一起,于是形成两个价键都与M共价键联并通过路易斯碱官能度与其配位的部分;
l是0、1或2;
m是0或1;
n是0~3的数;
p是0~3的整数;和
l+m+p的和等于M的形式氧化态,除了当两个X″基团一起形成与Mπ-键联的中性共轭或非共轭二烯时,在此情况下1+m的和等于M的形式氧化态。
优选的配合物包括含有或是一个或是两个Lp基团的那些。后者配合物包括含有连接两个Lp基团的桥键基团的那些。优选的桥键基团是对应于式(ER* 2)x的那些,其中E是硅、锗、锡或碳,R*相互独立地是氢或选自于甲硅烷基、烃基、烃基氧基及其组合的基团,所述的R*具有至多30个碳原子或硅原子,且x是1~8。优选,R*相互独立地是甲基、乙基、丙基、苄基、叔丁基、苯基、甲氧基、乙氧基或苯氧基。
含有两个Lp基团的配合物的例子是对应于下式的化合物:其中:
M是钛、锆或铪,优选锆或铪,呈+2或+4形式氧化态;
R3相互独立地选自于氢、烃基、甲硅烷基、甲锗烷基、氰基、卤素和其组合,所述的R3具有至多20个非氢原子,或相邻R3基团一起形成二价衍生物(即亚烃基、亚硅基或亚锗基),从而形成稠环体系,和
X″相互独立地是具有至多40个非氢原子的阴离子配位基团,或者两个X″基团一起形成具有至多40个非氢原子的二价阴离子配位基团,或一起成为具有4~30个非氢原子的与M形成π-配合物的共轭二烯,于是M呈+2形式氧化态,和
R*、E和x如上文所定义。
上述金属配合物特别适合用于具有有规立构分子结构的聚合物的制备。就这种能力而言,优选配合物具有Cs对称性或具有手性立体刚性结构。第一种类型的例子是具有不同离域π-键联体系(例如一个环戊二烯基和一个芴基)的化合物。Ewen等人的美国化学会志(J.Am.Chem.Soc.)110,6255-6256(1980)中公开了基于Ti(IV)或Zr(IV)的类似体系用于间同立构烯烃聚合物的制备。手性结构的例子包括外消旋双茚基配合物。Wild等人在金属有机化学杂志(J.Organomet.Chem.)232,233-47,(1982)中公开了基于Ti(IV)或Zr(IV)的类似体系用于全同立构烯烃聚合物的制备。
含有两个π-键联基团的桥键配位体的例子是:二甲基双(环戊二烯基)硅烷、二甲基双(四甲基环戊二烯基)硅烷、二甲基双(2-乙基环戊二烯-1-基)硅烷、二甲基双(2-叔丁基环戊二烯-1-基)硅烷、2,2-双(四甲基环戊二烯基)丙烷、二甲基双(茚-1-基)硅烷、二甲基双(四氢茚-1-基)硅烷、二甲基双(芴-1-基)硅烷、二甲基双(四氢芴-1-基)硅烷、二甲基双(2-甲基-4-苯基茚-1-基)硅烷、二甲基双(2-甲基茚-1-基)硅烷、二甲基(环戊二烯基)(芴-1-基)硅烷、二甲基(环戊二烯基)(八氢芴-1-基)硅烷、二甲基(环戊二烯基)(四氢芴-1-基)硅烷、(1,1,2,2-四甲基)-1,2-双(环戊二烯基)乙硅烷、(1,2-双(环戊二烯基))乙烷,和二甲基(环戊二烯基)-1-(芴-1-基)甲烷。
优选的X″基团选自于氢化物、烃基、甲硅烷基、甲锗烷基、卤代烃基、卤代甲硅烷基、甲硅烷基烃基和氨基烃基,或者两个X″基团一起形成共轭二烯的二价衍生物或一起形成中性π-键联的共轭二烯。最优选的X″基团是C1-20烃基。
本发明中采用的另一准金属配合物对应于上式LplMXmX′nX″p,或其二聚物,其中X是具有至多50个非氢原子的二价取代基,其与Lp一起形成带有M的金属环。
优选的二价X取代基包括含有至多30个非氢原子的基团,这些原子包含至少一个直接与离域π-键联基团相连的选自氧、硫、硼或元素周期表第14族元素的原子,和与M共价键联的选自氮、磷、氧或硫的不同原子。
M是钛或锆,优选呈+2、+3或+4形式氧化态的钛;
R3相互独立地选自于氢、烃基、甲硅烷基、甲锗烷基、氰基、卤素及其组合,所述的R3具有至多20个非氢原子,或者相邻R3基团一起形成二价衍生物(即亚烃基、亚硅基或亚锗基),于是形成稠环体系,
各X″是卤素、烃基、烃氧基或甲硅烷基,所述的基团具有至多20个非氢原子,或两个X″基团一起形成中性C5-30共轭二烯或其二价衍生物;
Y是-O-、-S-、-NR*-、-PR*-;和
Z是SiR* 2、CR* 2、SiR* 2SiR* 2、CR*2CR*2、CR*=CR*、CR* 2SiR* 2或GeR* 2,其中R*如上所定义。
可用于本发明中的例举性的第4族金属配合物包括:
三甲基·环戊二烯基合钛,
三乙基·环戊二烯基合钛,
三异丙基·环戊二烯基合钛,
三苯基·环戊二烯基合钛,
三苄基·环戊二烯基合钛,
2,4-二甲基戊二烯基·环戊二烯基合钛,
2,4-二甲基戊二烯基·三乙基膦·环戊二烯基合钛,
2,4-二甲基戊二烯基·三甲基膦·环戊二烯基合钛,
二甲基·甲氧基·环戊二烯基合钛,
氯·二甲基·环戊二烯基合钛,
三甲基·五甲基环戊二烯基合钛,
三甲基·茚基合钛,
三乙基·茚基合钛,
三丙基·茚基合钛,
三苯基·茚基合钛,
三苄基·四氢茚基合钛,
三异丙基·五甲基环戊二烯基合钛,
三苄基·五甲基环戊二烯基合钛,
二甲基·甲氧基·五甲基环戊二烯基合钛,
氯·二甲基·五甲基环戊二烯基合钛,
双(η5-2,4-二甲基戊二烯基)合钛,
三甲基膦·双(η5-2,4-二甲基戊二烯基)合钛,
三乙基膦·双(η5-2,4-二甲基戊二烯基)合钛,
三甲基·八氢芴基合钛,
三甲基·四氢茚基合钛,
三甲基·四氢芴基合钛,
二甲基·(叔丁基氨基(tert-butylamido))(1,1-二甲基-2,3,4,9,10-η-1,4,5,6,7,8-六氢萘基)二甲基硅烷合钛,
二甲基·(叔丁基氨基)(1,1,2,3-四甲基-2,3,4,9,10-η-1,4,5,6,7,8-六氢萘基)二甲基硅烷合钛,
二苄基·(叔丁基氨基)(四甲基-η5-环戊二烯基)二甲基硅烷合钛,
二甲基·(叔丁基氨基)(四甲基-η5-环戊二烯基)二甲基硅烷合钛,
二甲基·(叔丁基氨基)(四甲基-η5-环戊二烯基)-1,2-乙二基合钛,
二甲基·(叔丁基氨基)(四甲基-η5-茚基)二甲基硅烷合钛,
2-(二甲氨基)苄基·(叔丁基氨基)(四甲基-η5-环戊二烯基)二甲基硅烷合钛(III),
烯丙基·(叔丁基氨基)(四甲基-η5-环戊二烯基)二甲基硅烷合钛(III),
2,4-二甲基戊二烯基·(叔丁基氨基)(四甲基-η5-环戊二烯基)二甲基硅烷合钛(III),
1,4-二苯基-1,3-丁二烯·(叔丁基氨基)(四甲基-η5-环戊二烯基)二甲基硅烷合钛(II),
1,3-戊二烯·(叔丁基氨基)(四甲基-η5-环戊二烯基)二甲基硅烷合钛(II),
1,4-二苯基-1,3-丁二烯·(叔丁基氨基)(2-甲基茚基)二甲基硅烷合钛(II),
2,4-己二烯·(叔丁基氨基)(2-甲基茚基)二甲基硅烷合钛(II),
2,3-二甲基-1,3-丁二烯·(叔丁基氨基)(2-甲基茚基)二甲基硅烷合钛(IV),
异戊二烯·(叔丁基氨基)(2-甲基茚基)二甲基硅烷合钛(IV),
1,3-丁二烯·(叔丁基氨基)(2-甲基茚基)二甲基硅烷合钛(IV),
2,3-二甲基-1,3-丁二烯·(叔丁基氨基)(2,3-二甲基茚基)二甲基硅烷合钛(IV),
异戊二烯·(叔丁基氨基)(2,3-二甲基茚基)二甲基硅烷合钛(IV),
二甲基·(叔丁基氨基)(2,3-二甲基茚基)二甲基硅烷合钛(IV),
二苄基·(叔丁基氨基)(2,3-二甲基茚基)二甲基硅烷合钛(IV),
1,3-丁二烯·(叔丁基氨基)(2,3-二甲基茚基)二甲基硅烷合钛(IV),
1,3-戊二烯·(叔丁基氨基)(2,3-二甲基茚基)二甲基硅烷合钛(II),
1,4-二苯基-1,3-丁二烯·(叔丁基氨基)(2,3-二甲基茚基)二甲基硅烷合钛(II),
1,3-戊二烯·(叔丁基氨基)(2-甲基茚基)二甲基硅烷合钛(II),
二甲基·(叔丁基氨基)(2-甲基茚基)二甲基硅烷合钛(IV),
二苄基·(叔丁基氨基)(2-甲基茚基)二甲基硅烷合钛(IV),
1,4-二苯基-1,3-丁二烯·(叔丁基氨基)(2-甲基-4-苯基茚基)二甲基硅烷合钛(II),
1,3-戊二烯·(叔丁基氨基)(2-甲基-4-苯基茚基)二甲基硅烷合钛(II),
2,4-己二烯·(叔丁基氨基)(2-甲基-4-苯基茚基)二甲基硅烷合钛(II),
1,3-丁二烯·(叔丁基氨基)(四甲基-η5-环戊二烯基)二甲基硅烷合钛(IV),
2,3-二甲基-1,3-丁二烯·(叔丁基氨基)(四甲基-η5-环戊二烯基)二甲基硅烷合钛(IV),
异戊二烯·(叔丁基氨基)(四甲基-η5-环戊二烯基)二甲基硅烷合钛(IV),
1,4-二苄基-1,3-丁二烯·(叔丁基氨基)(四甲基-η5-环戊二烯基)二甲基硅烷合钛(II),
2,4-己二烯·(叔丁基氨基)(四甲基-η5-环戊二烯基)二甲基硅烷合钛(II),
3-甲基-1,3-戊二烯·(叔丁基氨基)(四甲基-η5-环戊二烯基)二甲基硅烷合钛(II),
二甲基·(叔丁基氨基)(2,4-二甲基环戊二烯-3-基)二甲基硅烷合钛,
二甲基·(叔丁基氨基)(6,6-二甲基环己二烯基)二甲基硅烷合钛,
二甲基·(叔丁基氨基)(1,1-二甲基-2,3,4,9,10-η-1,4,5,6,7,8-六氢萘-4-基)二甲基硅烷合钛,
二甲基·(叔丁基氨基)(1,1,2,3-四甲基-2,3,4,9,10-η-1,4,5,6,7,8-六氢萘-4-基)二甲基硅烷合钛,
二甲基·(叔丁基氨基)(四甲基-η5-环戊二烯基)甲基苯基硅烷合钛(IV),
1,4-二苯基-1,3-丁二烯·(叔丁基氨基)(四甲基-η5-环戊二烯基)甲基苯基硅烷合钛(II),
二甲基·1-(叔丁基氨基)-2-(四甲基-η5-环戊二烯基)乙二基合钛(IV),和
1,4-二苯基-1,3-丁二烯·1-(叔丁基氨基)-2-(四甲基-η5-环戊二烯基)乙二基合钛(II)。
包括适合用于本发明的桥键配合物的含有两个Lp基团的配合物包括:
二甲基·双(环戊二烯基)合锆,
二苄基·双(环戊二烯基)合锆,
甲基·苄基·双(环戊二烯基)合锆,
甲基·苯基·双(环戊二烯基)合锆,
二苯基·双(环戊二烯基)合锆,
烯丙基·双(环戊二烯基)合钛,
甲基·甲氧基·双(环戊二烯基)合锆,
氯·甲基·双(环戊二烯基)合锆,
二甲基·双(五甲基环戊二烯基)合锆,
二甲基·双(五甲基环戊二烯基)合钛,
二甲基·双(茚基)合锆,
二甲基·茚基·芴基合锆,
甲基(2-(二甲氨基)苄基)·双(茚基)合锆,
甲基三甲基甲硅烷基·双(茚基)合锆,
甲基三甲基甲硅烷基·双(四氢茚基)合锆,
甲基苄基·双(五甲基环戊二烯基)合锆,
二苄基·双(五甲基环戊二烯基)合锆,
甲基·甲氧基·双(五甲基环戊二烯基)合锆,
氯·甲基·双(五甲基环戊二烯基)合锆,
二甲基·双(甲基乙基环戊二烯基)合锆,
二苄基·双(丁基环戊二烯基)合锆,
二甲基·双(叔丁基环戊二烯基)合锆,
二甲基·双(乙基四甲基环戊二烯基)合锆,
二苄基·双(甲基丙基环戊二烯基)合锆,
二苄基·双(三甲基甲硅烷基环戊二烯基)合锆,
二甲基·二甲基甲硅烷基双(环戊二烯基)合锆,
烯丙基·二甲基甲硅烷基双(四甲基环戊二烯基)合钛(III),
二氯·二甲基甲硅烷基双(叔丁基环戊二烯基)合锆,
二氯·二甲基甲硅烷基双(正丁基环戊二烯基)合锆,
2-(二甲氨基)苄基·(亚甲基-双(四甲基环戊二烯基)合钛(III)),
2-(二甲氨基)苄基·(亚甲基-双(正丁基环戊二烯基)合钛(III)),
氯·苄基·二甲基甲硅烷基-双(茚基)合锆,
二甲基·二甲基甲硅烷基-双(2-甲基茚基)合锆,
二甲基·二甲基甲硅烷基-双(2-甲基-4-苯基茚基)合锆,
1,4-二苯基-1,3-丁二烯·二甲基甲硅烷基-双(2-甲基茚基)合锆,
1,4-二苯基-1,3-丁二烯·二甲基甲硅烷基-双(2-甲基-4-苯基茚基)合锆(II),
1,4-二苯基-1,3-丁二烯·二甲基甲硅烷基-双(四氢茚基)合锆(II),
氯·甲基·二甲基甲硅烷基-双(芴基)合锆,
双(三甲基甲硅烷基)·二甲基甲硅烷基-双(四氢芴基)合锆,
二苄基·(异亚丙基)(环戊二烯基)(芴基)合锆,和
二甲基·二甲基甲硅烷基(四甲基环戊二烯基)(芴基)合锆。
对于本领域技术人员来说,其它催化剂、特别是含有其它第4族金属的催化剂当然也是适用的。
如果需要,本发明的助催化剂也可与下面物质结合使用:低聚或聚合的铝氧烷(alumoxane)化合物,三(烃基)铝化合物、二(烃基)(烃氧基)铝化合物、二(烃基)(二烃基氨基)铝化合物、双(二烃基酰氨基)(烃基)铝化合物、二(烃基)氨基(二甲硅烷基)铝化合物、二(烃基)酰氨基(烃基)(甲硅烷基)铝化合物、双(二烃基氨基)(甲硅烷基)铝化合物,或上述化合物的混合物,各烃基、烃氧基或甲硅烷基中含有1~20个非氢原子。这些铝化合物由于其有益的性能而被用于从聚合反应混合物中清除杂质例如氧、水和醛类。
优选的铝化合物包括C2-6三烷基铝化合物,特别是其中烷基为乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、戊基、新戊基或异戊基的那些,二烷基(芳氧基)铝化合物,其烷基含有1-6个碳原子、芳基含有6~18个碳原子(特别是(3,5-二(叔丁基)-4-甲基苯氧基)二异丁基铝)、甲基铝氧烷(methylalumoxane)、改性的甲基铝氧烷和二异丁基铝氧烷。铝化合物与金属配合物的摩尔比优选是1∶10,000~1000∶1、更优选1∶5000~100∶1、最优选1∶100~100∶1。
所用催化剂/助催化剂的摩尔比优选是1∶10~10∶1、更优选1∶5~1∶1、最优选1∶1.5~1∶1。如果需要,也可使用本发明的活化助催化剂的混合物。
合适的可加聚的单体包括烯属不饱和单体、炔属化合物、共轭或非共轭二烯和多烯。优选的单体包括烯烃类,例如具有2~20,000、优选2~20、更优选2~8个碳原子的α-烯烃,以及两种或多种此类α-烯烃的混合物。特别合适的α-烯烃包括,例如乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯、1-戊烯、4-甲基戊烯-1、1-己烯、1-庚烯、1-辛烯、1-壬烯、1-癸烯、1-十一烯、1-十二烯、1-十三烯、1-十四烯、1-十五烯或其混合物,以及在聚合反应中形成的长链乙烯基封端的低聚或聚合反应产物,和特地加入到反应混合物中以便在所得聚合物中制得较长支链的C10-30α-烯烃。优选α-烯烃是乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯、4-甲基-戊烯-1,1-己烯、1-辛烯以及乙烯和/或丙烯与一种或多种其它的此类α-烯烃的混合物。其它优选的单体包括苯乙烯、卤素或烷基取代的苯乙烯、四氟乙烯、乙烯基环丁烯、1,4-己二烯、二环戊二烯、亚乙基降冰片烯和1,7-辛二烯。也可使用上述单体的混合物。
一般,聚合反应可以在现有技术中对于Ziegler-Natta或Kaminsky-Sinn型聚合反应公知的条件下进行。如果需要,无论是用于间歇或连续形式或其它工艺条件,都可以使用悬浮、溶液、淤浆、气相或高压聚合方法。此类公知聚合方法的例子在WO88/02009、US-A-5,084,534、US-A-5,405,922、US-A-4,588,790、US-A-5,032,652、US-A-4,543,399、US-A-4,564,647、US-A-4,522,987和其它文献中有述。优选的聚合温度是0-250℃。优选的聚合压力是常压~3000大气压。
优选的工艺条件包括溶液聚合,更优选连续溶液聚合方法,在脂族或脂环族液体稀释剂存在下进行。术语“连续聚合反应”指的是至少聚合反应的产物被连续地从反应混合物中移出,例如通过部分反应混合物的脱挥发分作用移出。在聚合反应过程中,优选一种或多种反应物也被连续地加入到聚合反应混合物中。合适的脂族或脂环族液体稀释剂的例子包括直链和支链烃类,例如异丁烷、丁烷、戊烷、己烷、庚烷、辛烷及其混合物;脂环族烃类例如环己烷、环庚烷、甲基环己烷、甲基环庚烷及其混合物;和全氟代烃类,例如全氟代C4-10链烷烃。合适的稀释剂也包括芳烃类(特别是与芳族α-烯烃,例如苯乙烯或环状烷基取代的苯乙烯一起使用),其包括甲苯、乙苯或二甲苯,以及液体烯烃(其可用作单体或共聚用单体)包括乙烯、丙烯、丁二烯、环戊烯、1-己烯、3-甲基-1-戊烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯、1,4-己二烯、1-辛烯、1-癸烯、苯乙烯、二乙烯基苯、烯丙基苯和乙烯基甲苯(包括所有单独的异构体或其混合物)。上述的混合物也是合适的。
在大多数聚合反应中,催化剂与可聚合化合物的摩尔比是10-12∶1~10-1∶1、更优选10-12∶1~10-5∶1。
本发明的催化剂组合物也可与至少一种另外的均相或非均相聚合反应催化剂在串联或并联的单独反应器中结合使用,以制备具有所需性能的聚合物共混物。此方法的例子公开在WO94/00500中。更具体的方法公开在同共未绝的申请WO94/17112中。
分子量控制剂能够与本发明助催化剂结合使用。此类分子量控制剂的例子包括氢、三烷基铝化合物或其它已知的链转移剂。本发明助催化剂的用途的特别好处是具有以大大改进的催化剂效率制备窄分子量分布的α-烯烃均聚物和共聚物的能力(取决于反应条件)。优选的聚合物具有的Mw/Mn小于2.5、更优选小于2.3。如此窄分子量分布的聚合物产品由于其改进的拉伸强度性能因而是非常需要的。
本发明的催化剂组合物也能够被用于促进烯烃的气相聚合反应和共聚合反应中。烯烃聚合反应、特别是乙烯和丙烯的均聚和共聚反应,以及乙烯与较高级α-烯烃例如1-丁烯、1-己烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯的共聚合反应的气相方法在本领域中是公知的。在商业上,此类方法被大规模地用于高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、中密度聚乙烯(MDPE)、线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)和聚丙烯的生产中。
所用的气相方法可以是这样的形式,例如采用机械搅拌床或气体流化床作为聚合反应区。优选的方法是其中在垂直柱型聚合反应器(含有承载在孔板、流化栅板上的聚合物颗粒的流化床)中通过流化气体的流动进行聚合反应。
用于流化所述床的气体包括欲聚合的单体,其也用作热交换介质以便从床上带走反应热。热的气体通常经过平稳化区(也称为速度下降区)从反应器顶部排出,其比流化床具有更宽的直径,其中气流携带的细颗粒借助于重力可沉降回所述床中。使用旋风除尘器从热气流中除去超细颗粒也是有利的。然后,通常是通过鼓风机或压缩机和一个或多个热交换器将该气体循环回所述床,以汽提聚合反应中热的气体。
除了由冷却的循环气体提供冷却之外,床冷却的优选方法是向所述床加入挥发性液体以提供蒸发冷却效果。这种情况下,所用的挥发性液体可以是,例如挥发性惰性液体,诸如具有3~8个、优选4~6个碳原子的饱和烃。在单体或共聚用单体本身是挥发性液体或其能够被冷凝以形成这种液体的情况下,其也可以被适当地加入到所述床上以提供蒸发冷却效果。以这种方法使用的烯烃单体的例子是含有3~8、优选3~6个碳原子的烯烃。挥发性液体在热的流化床中蒸发以形成与流化气体混合的气体。如果挥发性液体是单体或共聚用单体,它将在床中进行某种聚合反应。蒸发的液体然后作为热循环气体的一部分从反应器中排出,并进入循环的压缩/热交换部分。循环气体在热交换器中被冷却,如果气体被冷却到低于露点的温度,液体便会从气体中凝结出来。该液体合适地是被连续循环回所述的流化床。可以将循环气流中携带的液滴形式的沉降液体循环回所述床,例如EP-A-89691、US-A-4543399、WO94/25495和US-A-5352749中所述。将液体循环回所述床的特别优选的方法是从循环气流中分离液体并将该液体直接再注入所述床中,优选使用在床内产生细小液滴的方法。此类方法公开在WO94/28032中。
在气体流化床中进行的聚合反应被连续或半连续加入的催化剂所催化。如果需要,可将这种催化剂承载在无机或有机载体材料上。也可以将该催化剂用于预聚合步骤,例如通过在液体惰性稀释剂中聚合少量的烯烃单体,从而得到包含嵌入在烯烃聚合物颗粒中的催化剂颗粒的催化剂组合物。
通过在催化剂、承载催化剂或预聚物的流化颗粒上催化单体的(共)聚合反应,可在流化床中直接制备聚合物。当以气相冷凝方式操作时,优选使用与目标聚烯烃类似的预成形聚合物颗粒的床,并在引入催化剂、单体和循环气流所需的任何其它气体例如稀释气体、氢链转移剂或惰性可冷凝气体之前,通过用惰性气体或氮气干燥来调节所述床,以进行聚合反应的前处理。所制得的聚合物可根据需要被连续或不连续地从流化床中移出,任选地使催化剂失活并可任选地进行造粒。
应该理解的是本发明可在没有未具体公开的任何组分的存在下操作。
Claims (11)
2.权利要求1的两性离子化合物,其对应于式:HL′+-R1-B-(Arf)3,其中:
R1是亚烃基或卤素、烷氧基、N,N-二烃基氨基、甲硅烷基或甲锗烷基取代的亚烃基,不计氢原子在内该R1具有1~40个原子;
L′是二烃基取代的氮或磷基团,各烃基具有1~50个碳原子;和
Arf相互独立地是不计氢原在内含有6~100个原子的单价氟代有机基团。
3.权利要求1的化合物,其对应于式:HN+(R5)2-R1-B-(Arf)3,其中:
R1是C1-40亚烷基或C6-40亚芳基;
R5相互独立地是C1-50烃基;和
Arf各是全氟苯基、全氟萘基或全氟联苯基。
5.一种用于α-烯烃聚合的催化剂体系,组合包括第4族金属配合物和权利要求1~4任一项中所述的化合物,或其反应产物。
6.一种用于α-烯烃聚合的支载催化剂体系,组合包括第4族金属配合物和权利要求1~4任一项中所述的化合物或其反应产物,以及载体材料。
7.一种聚合方法,包括在聚合反应条件下使一种或多种α-烯烃与权利要求5或6的催化剂体系接触。
8.权利要求7的方法,其为溶液聚合作用。
9.权利要求8的聚合方法,其为连续溶液聚合作用。
10.权利要求7的聚合方法,其为淤浆聚合作用。
11.权利要求7的聚合方法,其为气相聚合作用。
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US5458897P | 1997-08-01 | 1997-08-01 | |
US60/054,588 | 1997-08-01 |
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US (1) | US6344529B1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1000093B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2001512141A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20010014290A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1261898A (zh) |
AR (1) | AR016576A1 (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE210685T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU733487B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9815185A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2291616A1 (zh) |
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HU (1) | HUP0004247A3 (zh) |
ID (1) | ID23037A (zh) |
NO (1) | NO996322L (zh) |
PL (1) | PL337711A1 (zh) |
TR (1) | TR199903150T2 (zh) |
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CN113631585A (zh) * | 2019-03-28 | 2021-11-09 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | 作为烯烃聚合催化剂活化剂的弱配位阴离子的第iii族阴离子络合物 |
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US6838224B2 (en) * | 2000-03-07 | 2005-01-04 | Shi-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | Chemical amplification, positive resist compositions |
US6809209B2 (en) | 2000-04-07 | 2004-10-26 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Nitrogen-containing group-13 anionic compounds for olefin polymerization |
CA2426238A1 (en) | 2000-11-06 | 2002-05-10 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Fluorinated zwitterionic cocatalyst activators for olefin polymerization |
US6660679B2 (en) * | 2001-06-18 | 2003-12-09 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Catalyst system and its use in a polymerization process |
EP1599514A2 (en) * | 2003-03-06 | 2005-11-30 | Basell Polyolefine GmbH | Catalyst system for the polymerization of olefins |
JP5188178B2 (ja) * | 2004-06-16 | 2013-04-24 | ダウ グローバル テクノロジーズ エルエルシー | 重合調整剤を選択するための技術 |
JP5399072B2 (ja) * | 2005-09-12 | 2014-01-29 | アベラ ファーマスーティカルズ インコーポレイテッド | ジメチルスルホキシド(dmso)若しくは関連化合物、又はそれに関連する臭気を除去するシステム |
US8299284B2 (en) * | 2006-11-14 | 2012-10-30 | Stephan Consulting Corporation | Frustrated lewis pair compositions |
KR102476622B1 (ko) | 2019-08-26 | 2022-12-13 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 촉매 조성물 및 이를 이용한 탄화수소 수지의 제조방법 |
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IL85097A (en) * | 1987-01-30 | 1992-02-16 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Catalysts based on derivatives of a bis(cyclopentadienyl)group ivb metal compound,their preparation and their use in polymerization processes |
US5384299A (en) | 1987-01-30 | 1995-01-24 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Ionic metallocene catalyst compositions |
US5447895A (en) * | 1994-03-10 | 1995-09-05 | Northwestern University | Sterically shielded diboron-containing metallocene olefin polymerization catalysts |
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CN113631585A (zh) * | 2019-03-28 | 2021-11-09 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | 作为烯烃聚合催化剂活化剂的弱配位阴离子的第iii族阴离子络合物 |
CN113631585B (zh) * | 2019-03-28 | 2023-10-20 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | 作为烯烃聚合催化剂活化剂的弱配位阴离子的第iii族阴离子络合物 |
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DE69802939T2 (de) | 2002-11-21 |
TW482777B (en) | 2002-04-11 |
KR20010014290A (ko) | 2001-02-26 |
EP1000093A1 (en) | 2000-05-17 |
HUP0004247A2 (hu) | 2001-05-28 |
NO996322D0 (no) | 1999-12-20 |
WO1999006449A1 (en) | 1999-02-11 |
ID23037A (id) | 2000-01-06 |
DE69802939D1 (de) | 2002-01-24 |
PL337711A1 (en) | 2000-08-28 |
NO996322L (no) | 1999-12-20 |
HUP0004247A3 (en) | 2001-06-28 |
EP1000093B1 (en) | 2001-12-12 |
BR9815185A (pt) | 2000-10-10 |
JP2001512141A (ja) | 2001-08-21 |
US6344529B1 (en) | 2002-02-05 |
AR016576A1 (es) | 2001-07-25 |
CA2291616A1 (en) | 1999-02-11 |
AU733487B2 (en) | 2001-05-17 |
TR199903150T2 (en) | 2000-07-21 |
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ZA986886B (en) | 2000-01-31 |
ATE210685T1 (de) | 2001-12-15 |
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