CN1254555C - Wearable cast steel in microalloy martensite and manufacturing method - Google Patents
Wearable cast steel in microalloy martensite and manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1254555C CN1254555C CN 200410067527 CN200410067527A CN1254555C CN 1254555 C CN1254555 C CN 1254555C CN 200410067527 CN200410067527 CN 200410067527 CN 200410067527 A CN200410067527 A CN 200410067527A CN 1254555 C CN1254555 C CN 1254555C
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- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to wearable cast steel in microalloy martensite and a manufacturing method thereof. The wearable cast steel comprises chemical components with the weight percentage: 0.25 to 0.34 of C, 0.3 to 0.7 of Si, 1.15 to 1.65 of Mn, 0.5 to 1.0 of Cr, 0.0005 to 0.005 of B, 0.01 to 0.06 of Ti, 0.01 to 0.045 of Ce, 0.01 to 0.035 of La, 0.01 to 0.1 of Al, at most 0.035 of S and at most 0.035 of P. The present invention has the microalloying treating process that Ti and Fe are firstly added into a smelting furnace at the temperature of 1600 to 1610 DEG C; then RE-Si-Fe alloy and B-Fe alloy are added into a casting ladle or when the molten steel is poured off. The used B-Fe alloy needs to be packed by ferric containers, such as battery containers, etc. The present invention has the advantages that noble alloy elements, such as Mo, Ni, and the like are not used, and the aims of strengthening and toughening and stiffness toughening can be achieved by micro-alloying. Thus the wearable cast steel has low productive cost, advanced microalloying treating technology, high stability, simple heat treatment technology, superior strength, hardness, toughness and wear resistance, and long service life.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cast steel field, particularly relate to a kind of wearable cast steel in microalloy martensite of middle carbon and low-alloy.It has higher hardness and toughness, and cost is lower; The bucket tooth of various excavators, the liner plate of grinding machine, tup, Hubei Province plate and the hopper strickle etc. of crusher can be widely used in and shock-resistant, anti abrasive workpiece need be born.
Background technology
The carbon and low-alloy martensite wear resistant cast steel mostly is Cr, Mo or Cr, Mo at present external, Ni is a steel alloy, and thermal treatment process adopts to quench and adds the technology of low-temperaturetempering, to obtain high strength, high rigidity and certain flexible alloy property.Typical steel grade has the famous wear-resisting steel grade of the ESCO-12 of U.S. ESCO company series, and this steel grade is the bulk alloy element with Cr, Mo, Ni promptly, and the 30CrMoSi and the 30CrMoSi2 of U.S. HENSLY company also fall into the same category.The research of carbon and low-alloy wearable cast steel and application started from after the eighties in 20th century in China, a series of achievements have been obtained, typical steel grade is 30CrMnSiMoNi and Cr5Mo steel, also have now part producing producer from external introduced and independent development the production technology of 30CrMoSi and 30CrMoSi2, also putting forth effort for some time therebetween to have developed the Si, the Mn that meet China's alloy resource situation is steel alloy 30Si2Mn.People have recognized that gradually multi-element alloyed is the effective ways that improve wearable cast steel hardening capacity, obdurability and hardness now, thereby both at home and abroad wearable cast steel adopts Cr, Mo, Ni, Si, Mn multi-element alloyed more, be used to make wearing pieces such as ball grinding machine lining board, grinder hammerhead and excavator bucket teeth.
The trace element alloying just can increase substantially the performance of material with the add-on of trace, receive much concern as intensity, toughness etc., be applied in the structural alloy steel the earliest, and obtained immense success, the microalloy element of using is with V, and Nb is main, has accounted for 30% of entire infrastructure steel at U.S.'s microalloying constructional steel, be applied to fields such as machinofacture, bridge and building, and have only about 5% in China.There are a few peoples also to be engaged in the applied researcies of trace element in cast steel such as V, Ti, Nb, RE and B, and obtained some achievements in research.Present disclosed a kind of multinomial patents of invention such as " air-cooled bainite steel with high toughness and high quenching performance " in disclosed a kind of " Mn-Si-Mo-B bainitic steel " and the China Patent No. 93106429 in disclosed " a kind of wearable cast steel " in disclosed a kind of " multicomponent microalloying bainitic steel " in the prior art of relevant microalloying such as the Chinese patent application numbers 97105661.7 in the patent documentation, the Chinese patent application numbers 96119545, the Chinese patent application numbers 95106429, their chemical ingredients, physicals and application in practice scope are listed in shown in the table one:
The prior art of the relevant microalloyed cast steel of table one
| Title | Chinese patent application number | Chemical Composition | Physicals | Range of application |
| The multicomponent microalloying bainitic steel | 97105661.7 | C0.35 ~ 0.61, Si0.2 ~ 2.0, Mn2.0 ~ 3.5, B0.0005 ~ 0.01, Ti0.015 ~ 0.05, RE0.02 ~ 0.010, N0.006 ~ 0.015, also can add V0.03 ~ 0.15, Nb0.03 ~ 0.15 | ≥50HRC | Liner plate |
| A kind of wearable cast steel | 96119545 | C0.15～0.35，Si≤0.3，Mn≤ 1.0，Cr1.5～2.0.Mo0.2～0.5 B0.005～0.1， V0.05～0.10，Ti0.05～0.1， RE0.1～0.5 | σb127～141kg/mm 2 ak82～96J/cm 2 HRC45～54 | The thump wear working condition |
| C0.25～0.5，Si≤0.5，Mn ≤1.0，Cr1.5～2.0.Mo0.2～0.5 B0.005～0.1，V0.02～0.05， Ti0.02～0.05，RE0.1～0.5 | Little gouging abrasion operating mode | |||
| Mn-Si-Mo-B bainitic steel | 95106429 | C0.5～0.55，Si1.0～3.0， Mn2.0～4.0，B0.0005～0.005， Mo0.31～0.49， | ||
| Air-cooled bainite steel with high toughness and high quenching performance | 93106429 | C0.05～0.31，Si1.0～3.0， Mn2.0～4.0，B0.0005～0.005， Ti0.001～0.05，Mo0.31～0.49 RE0.001～0.03，V0.001～0.5 | σb750～1450MPa Akv≥69.8J | Structural alloy steel |
| 86103008 | C0.31～0.46，Si0.1～1.5， Mn2.1～3.4，B0.0005～0.005， Mo≤1.0，V≤0.15 | The impelling strength deficiency | Be fit to do spring | |
| A kind of high-tenacity low-carbon microalloyed cast steel | 87108322 | C0.06～0.18，Nb0.02～0.12， Mn1.4～1.8，Ti0.001～0.05， RE0.002～0.06，Mo0.3 | Structural alloy steel | |
Yet, material in the above-mentioned multinomial patent of invention mostly contains the bulk alloy elements Mo, " the multicomponent microalloying bainitic steel " of Chinese patent application numbers 97105661.7 be not though contain Alloy Elements Mo, and its C, Si, Mn constituent content are higher, thereby material cost is also higher.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly in order to overcome above-mentioned weak point of the prior art, provide a kind of on the basis of middle carbon and low-alloy martensite wear resistant cast steel, substitute expensive Mo with suitable trace element, element such as Ni and by stable microalloying technology to reach or to exceed the significantly reduced wearable cast steel in microalloy martensite of material cost and the manufacture method of obdurability, hard toughness and the wear resistance level of carbon and low-alloy martensite wear resistant cast steel in Cr, Mo and Cr, Mo, the Ni system.
The objective of the invention is the selection by a kind of design with following basic Chemical Composition and trace element are provided and provide its microalloying treatment process and suitable heat-treatment technology method to realize; Described wearable cast steel in microalloy martensite it to have basic Chemical Composition be C, Si, Mn, Cr, S, P, it has trace element and is Ti, RE, B; Described manufacture method comprises microalloying processing and hardened and tempered thermal treatment process, and described microalloying is handled and comprised that the first step adds TiFe in smelting furnace and second step was placed RE and BFe alloy earlier in meter ladle, and and then inclining molten steel again.
The mass percent wt% of described basic Chemical Composition C, Si, Mn, Cr, S, P is: C 0.25～0.34, Si0.4～0.7, Cr 0.5～1.0, Mn 1.15～1.65, S≤0.035, P≤0.035, the mass percent wt% of described trace element is: B 0.0005～0.005, Ti 0.01～0.06, Ce 0.01～0.045, La 0.01～0.035, Al 0.01～0.1, all the other are Fe.Described RE and BFe alloy are with container made of iron or battery case splendid attire.
Described microalloying is handled the first step and is added TiFe when temperature is 1600～1610 ℃ in smelting furnace; Described microalloying is handled that second step added or is being inclined to molten steel drop into RESiFe and BFe alloy simultaneously in meter ladle in meter ladle.
Will be broken into the particulate material of granularity 3～30mm before described TiFe ferro-titanium uses, described particulate material toasted in electric furnace 1～2 hour, and described storing temperature is 100～200 ℃.Described RESiFe rare earth ferrosilicon alloy will be broken into the particulate material that granularity is 3～10mm before using, and described particulate material toasted in electric furnace 1～2 hour, and described storing temperature is 100～300 ℃.The alloy of described BFe will be broken into the powder shape material of granularity less than 2mm before using, and the particulate matter that described fragmentation is good must be packed at once.
Described hardened and tempered thermal treatment process is a foundry goods through 900～920 ℃ of insulations quenching-in water after 1～2 hour, again through 200～230 ℃ of insulation tempering after 2～3 hours.
Its through hardening ability of microalloy microalloy wearable cast steel of the present invention is strong, has high-strong toughness, high hard toughness and high-wearing feature characteristics; Next is the used TiFe of microalloying, RE, and the add-on of BFe alloy is few, and price is far below Mo, and Ni etc. can save a large amount of production costs, and economic benefit is obvious.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: 1. do not use valuable alloying elements such as Mo, Ni, but reach highly malleablized and hard malleableize purpose, thereby manufacturing cost is lower by microalloying; 2. microalloying treatment process advanced person, good stability; 3. thermal treatment process is simple, and arranged long work-ing life.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described in further detail.
Wearable cast steel in microalloy martensite of the present invention and manufacture method have the selection scheme of following basic Chemical Composition and trace element.
Basic Chemical Composition is C, Si, Mn, Cr, S, P.
Trace element is Ti, RE and B.
The mass percent of each constituent content is as shown in Table 2:
Table two Chemical Composition content (wt%)
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | B | Ti | Ce | La | Al | S | P |
| 0.25~ 0.34 | 0.3~ 0.7 | 1.15 ~ 1.65 | 0.5~ 1.0 | 0.0005 ~0.005 | 0.01 ~ 0.06 | 0.01 ~ 0.04 5 | 0.01~ 0.035 | 0.01 ~0.1 | ≤ 0.03 5 | ≤ 0.035 |
Do not add Mo, Ni in the alloying element of wearable cast steel in microalloy martensite of the present invention and manufacture method, and the content of basic alloy elements Si, Mn, Cr is lower.
The effect of microelement Ti, RE and B is as follows:
Boron (B) element dissolves in the austenite, and the martensitic substructure of refinement greatly greatly increases the hardening capacity of steel, improves the impelling strength and the fracture toughness property of steel.
Rare earth element ce, La be effective refined cast structure not only, purifies crystal boundary, improves the form and the distribution of carbide and inclusion, improves the anti-fatigue performance and the antistrip performance of low-alloy wear-resistant steel, also can make low-alloy wear-resistant steel keep enough toughness.
Titanium is except that effective crystal grain thinning, and titanium added molten steel among the present invention before boron, mainly for fixed nitrogen, prevents that the preferential formation BN that combines with the nitrogen of molten steel of boron is present in crystal boundary, causes so-called " boron is crisp ".
Boron, rare earth element ce, La and titanium ternary are shared among the present invention, by add-on and adding control successively, keep away evil with regard to sharp, make material obtain highly malleablized, raising wear resistance and work-ing life.
Wearable cast steel in microalloy martensite of the present invention and manufacture method have following microalloying treatment process:
The preparation ternary microalloy element of microalloy element all adds with the form of iron alloy.
(1) preparation of RESiFe.Before using, the rare earth ferrosilicon alloy of bulk to be broken into the particulate material of granularity 3 ~ 10mm.Broken good rare earth alloy must be through 100 ~ 300 ℃ of bakings 1 ~ 2 hour in electric furnace.When being cooled to, encapsulate with plastics bag near room temperature.Every bag of weight is according to the molten steel amount weighing of handling, and the content that guarantees Ce and La is in desired scope.
(2) preparation of TiFe.Before using, the ferro-titanium of bulk to be broken into the particulate material of granularity 3 ~ 30mm.Broken good TiFe alloy must be through 100 ~ 200 ℃ of bakings 1 ~ 2 hour in electric furnace.When being cooled to, encapsulate with plastics bag near room temperature.Every bag of weight is according to the molten steel amount weighing of handling, and the content that guarantees Ti is in desired scope.
(3) preparation of BFe.The BFe alloy of bulk will be broken into the powder shape material of granularity less than 2mm before using.Broken good BFe alloy must be packed at once, to avoid oxidation.To pack with battery case or iron sheet bag, and the port of shell or bag is clamped.Each packed weight is according to the molten steel amount weighing of handling, and the content that guarantees B is in desired scope.
RESiFe alloy and the BFe alloy that encapsulates with battery case attach together in a plastics bag standby.
Melting and microalloying treatment process are as follows:
(1) the both available induction furnace of molten steel melting melting also can be used arc melting.Normal process for making is finished, molten steel through skim and final deoxygenation after, furnace temperature is risen to 1600 ~ 1610 ℃, add off-the-shelf TiFe bag, treat to melt fully and skim after can go out molten steel, the weight of every Baogang must be quantitatively.
(2) microalloying is handled and will be toasted before casting ladle uses.Earlier packaged RESiFe and BFe alloy are positioned over the bag end before going out molten steel, pour molten steel then, also can when pouring molten steel, in casting ladle, drop into packed RESiFe and BFe alloy.Casting ladle is had a break after filling molten steel, takes off clearly behind the surface scum promptly pourable.Residue molten steel amount in each casting ladle must not surpass 10% of the total poured weights of every bag.
Press mentioned component and microalloy and handle the Kiel sample of back cast, shrend after insulation in 900 ℃/2 hours is again through tempering in 230 ℃/2 hours, coupon performance such as table three.
Table three coupon mechanical property
| Tensile strength sigma b (MPa) | Yield strength σ s (MPa) | Unit elongation δ 5 (％) | Relative reduction in area Ψ (%) | Hardness (HRC) | Room temperature impact absorbing energy Akv (J) | -40 ℃ of impact absorbing energy Akv (J) | Fracture toughness K IC (MPa.m 1/2) |
| ≥1600 | ≥1400 | 4~6 | ≥18 | 49~52 | ≥25 | ≥20 | 125 |
Domestic and international middle carbon and low-alloy wearable cast steel mostly is Cr, Mo and Cr, Mo, Ni are steel alloy, the manufacturing cost height, though and Si, Mn, Cr Alloy Cast Steel such as GB ZG30CrMnSi cost are low, but intensity and toughness are not good enough, and hardening capacity is bad, only adapt to manufacturing structure spare, discomfort is fit to do wearing piece, because of wear resistance relatively poor.Its through hardening ability of microalloy microalloy wearable cast steel of the present invention is strong, has high-strong toughness, high hard toughness and high-wearing feature characteristics; Next is the used TiFe of microalloying, RE, and the add-on of BFe alloy is few, and price is far below Mo, and Ni etc. can save a large amount of production costs, only cost of raw and processed materials foundry goods per ton can be saved more than 1000 yuan, thereby economic benefit is obvious, has the very strong market competitiveness.
Wearable cast steel in microalloy martensite long service life of the present invention surpasses 30CrMoSi, 30CrMoSi2, high-abrasive materials such as 30CrMnSiMoNi.
It is to be noted especially and compare that its common ground is not use valuable alloying elements such as Mo, Ni, and has used microalloy element Ti, RE and B with Chinese patent application number 97105661.7 " multicomponent microalloying bainitic steels "; And inequality be embodied in following several aspects: the one, remarkable difference is arranged in the design of basic alloy element, basic alloy element of the present invention is C, Si, Mn, Cr, and its content is lower, and Chinese patent application number 97105661.7 " multicomponent microalloying bainitic steels " do not add Cr, but the content of C, Si, Mn is higher; The 2nd, wearable cast steel in microalloy martensite of the present invention can add tempering by shrend and obtain tempered martensite and add the film like austenite structure, and Chinese patent application number 97105661.7 " multicomponent microalloying bainitic steels " it can only obtain bainite and martensitic mixed structure by air cooling; The 3rd, comprehensive mechanical performance of the present invention is much better than " multicomponent microalloying bainitic steel ", the especially impelling strength and the fracture toughness property of Chinese patent application numbers 97105661.7; The fracture toughness K that high-abrasive material is seldom arranged except that high mangaenese steel at present,
ICSurpass 100MPam
1/2, and fracture toughness value K of the present invention
ICReach 125MPam
1/2The 4th, material of the present invention can be applied to the operating mode of serious impact wearing and tearing such as the bucket tooth of excavator, and " the multicomponent microalloying bainitic steel " of Chinese patent application numbers 97105661.7 since the under-reserve of impelling strength and fracture toughness property can only be used for not having and impact or less ballistic operating mode such as abrasion-proof steel ball and liner plate; The 5th, material of the present invention is more excellent than " multicomponent microalloying bainitic steel " its castability of Chinese patent application numbers 97105661.7, as cast condition be not easy to crack or fracture, technology stability better.
Wearable cast steel in microalloy martensite of the present invention is applied to obtain immense success on the various bucket tooths of excavator.The casting technique of this bucket tooth is investment cast, and used formwork is a water glass sclerosis formwork.Melting technology is the medium-frequency induction furnace melting, molten steel carries out TiFe the first step microalloying by above-mentioned given Chemical Composition and melting and microalloy treatment process at the Medium frequency induction furnace to be handled, and then carry out RE in meter ladle, the second step microalloying of BFe is handled.The molten steel of handling well pours in the baked formwork, mould shell temperature 〉=300 ℃.
Red-hot foundry goods after the casting complete is together with formwork, and it is air-cooled that broken shell is pulled out in wait after 15 ~ 20 minutes according to the foundry goods size, and the purpose of doing like this has two: one, and the wearable cast steel needs that add boron are cold soon, in case boron is crisp, the 2nd, improve as-cast structure, promptly eliminate Widmannstatten structure, crystal grain thinning.
Finish the trolley sawtooth casting after the sand removal, can the gas cutting dead head, the dead head remnants that stay behind the gas cutting on the foundry goods must not polish on sharpening machine immediately, must after the tempering of quenching, can polish, this is because there is the composition segregation in dead head remnants, contains B-abrasion resistant cast steel and occur the polishing crackle owing to good hardening capacity when as cast condition.
The chemical ingredients of the bucket tooth of making by above-mentioned technology and through 900 ~ 920 ℃ of insulation shrends after 2 hours of routine, the physicals of 230 ℃ of tempering after 2 hours shown in following table four:
Table four microalloying high-performance abrasion-proof cast steel bucket tooth chemical ingredients and physicals
Choose kind but material identical with heat-treat condition and be respectively two bucket tooths of wearable cast steel in microalloy martensite of the present invention and 30CrMoSi and cut sample and carry out the dynamic load wearing test, comparing result is shown in following table five:
| Name of product | Chemical Composition | Impelling strength a kv (J/cm 2) | Hardness HRC | ||||||||||
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | S | P | B | Ti | Ce | La | Al | |||
| 19570RC | 0.323 | 0.488 | 1.431 | 0.932 | 0.041 | 0.03 | 0.001 | 0.017 | 0.01 | 0.012 | 0.017 | 18.75 | 53 |
| 19570RC | 0.297 | 0.64 | 1.63 | 0.817 | 0.015 | 0.01 | 0.002 | 0.017 | 0.031 | 0.019 | 0.023 | 21.25 | 52 |
| 19570RC | 0.282 | 0.596 | 1.503 | 0.763 | 0.034 | 0.04 | 0.003 | 0.015 | 0.013 | 0.011 | 0.03 | 31.25 | 51 |
| 19570 | 0.285 | 0.575 | 1.598 | 0.807 | 0.048 | 0.03 | 0.004 | 0.016 | 0.013 | 0.014 | 0.016 | 17.5 | 50 |
| 19570 | 0.301 | 0.527 | 1.496 | 0.772 | 0.038 | 0.06 | 0.005 | 0.016 | 0.016 | 0.016 | 0.014 | 21.25 | 52 |
Table five dynamic load wearing test correlation data
The data of table five show that the wear resistance of microalloying wearable cast steel of the present invention is 1.78 times of 30CrMoSi wearable cast steel, has promptly improved 78%.
Reached 5000 tons/year ability with the excavator bucket teeth output of this material produce.Do not find that in use common broken teeth phenomenon and wear resistance are good, long service life obtains user's abundant affirmation, and product exports to foreign countries in batches.
Microalloying wearable cast steel of the present invention can promote the use of the liner plate of various grinding machines, the tup of crusher, and Hubei Province plate, hopper strickles etc. need the workpiece of shock-resistant anti-damage operating mode.
Claims (4)
1. wearable cast steel in microalloy martensite, it is characterized in that: the mass percent of the basic Chemical Composition C of described wearable cast steel in microalloy martensite, Si, Mn, Cr, S, P is: C 0.25～0.34, Si 0.4～0.7, Cr 0.5～1.0, Mn 1.15～1.65, S≤0.035, P≤0.035; And have microelement Ti, RE, B, Al, and the mass percent of described trace element is: B 0.0005～0.005, Ti 0.01～0.06, Ce 0.01～0.045, La 0.01～0.035, Al 0.01～0.1, and all the other are Fe; The manufacture method of described wearable cast steel in microalloy martensite comprises microalloying processing and hardened and tempered thermal treatment process, described microalloying is handled and is comprised that the first step adds TiFe in temperature is 1600～1610 ℃ smelting furnace, and second the step in meter ladle, place earlier RESiFe and BFe alloy, and then inclining molten steel again, or is inclining to molten steel drop into simultaneously RESiFe and BFe alloy in casting ladle; Described hardened and tempered thermal treatment process is a foundry goods through 900～920 ℃ of insulations quenching-in water after 1～2 hour, again through 200～230 ℃ of insulations tempering in 2～3 hours.
2. wearable cast steel in microalloy martensite as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the particulate material that will be broken into granularity 3～30mm before described TiFe alloy uses, described particulate material toasted in electric furnace 1～2 hour, and described storing temperature is 100～200 ℃.
3. wearable cast steel in microalloy martensite as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described RESiFe alloy will be broken into the particulate material that granularity is 3～10mm before using, described particulate material toasted in electric furnace 1～2 hour, and described storing temperature is 100～300 ℃.
4. wearable cast steel in microalloy martensite as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described BFe alloy will be broken into the powder shape material of granularity less than 2mm before using, and the powder shape material that described fragmentation is good must be at once with container made of iron or battery case splendid attire.
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| CN100445411C (en) * | 2006-12-31 | 2008-12-24 | 宁波市鄞州文教精密铸造厂 | Casting steel containing rare earth element and protuction process thereof |
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